话题一 2020话题版步步高大一轮英语复习讲义

一、重点单词
1.家人
relative, cousin, nephew, niece, ancestor, generation, twin, household
2.熟人和周围的人
acquaintance, neighbor, hostess, host, guest, fellow
3.人与人之间的关系
distant, adopt, loyal, separate, associate, maid, bother, share, private, personal, quarrel, respect, close, familiar, harmony, split, dependent, inherit, abandon, accompany, company, mourn, appreciate, marriage, engage, wedding, divorce, funeral, bride, bridegroom, marry, couple, single, deliver, spoil, misunderstand, bury, blame, devote, community, treat, abuse
4.其他
bachelor, widow, envelope, anniversary
二、高频短语
1.be concerned for/about对……担心/关心
2.be familiar to为……所熟悉
3.be on good terms (with sb.)(与某人)关系好
4.break up分手；解散；结束
5.bring up养育；抚养；教育
6.depend/rely on依靠；相信，信赖
7.fit in with与……相适应/相融洽
8.get on/along well with sb.与某人相处融洽
9.go wrong出毛病；弄错
10.have...in common (with)(与……)有共同之处
11.get in touch with与……取得联系
12.make up和解；和好；化妆；编造
13.generation gap代沟
14.split up分手
15.get together相聚
16.pass away去世
17.make friends (with sb.)(和某人)交朋友
18.go one’s separate ways分道扬镳
19.look after/take care of/attend to照顾
20.support a family养活一家人
21.turn to sb.for help向某人求助
22.take/follow one’s advice听取某人的劝告
23.be honored as/to be被誉为……
24.put one’s heart into专心于……
25.live a happy/hard life过着幸福/艰难的生活
26.devote one’s life to致力于……
27.have a talent for有……天赋
28.be born in/into a wealthy family出生于富裕家庭
29.a married man/woman已婚男子/女子
30.take an active part in积极参加
三、常考佳句
1.Only in these ways can we win others’ respect and friendship.
只有这样，我们才能赢得别人的尊敬和友谊。

2.To get along well with others and win their friendships，we must observe the following rules strictly.
要想与别人相处得好，赢得他们的友谊，我们必须严格遵守下列规则。

3.Get along well with others，and you will enjoy yourself every day and succeed when you do anything.
和别人相处融洽，你就会每天都快乐，并且当你做任何事情的时候都会成功。

4.Accompanied by his friends，he went to the teacher’s office to admit that he had done wrong. 在朋友的陪同下，他去老师的办公室承认他做错了。

5.In your last letter you talked about your recent worry about your studies，mentioning that your deskmate often interrupted you by asking questions.
在上一封信中你谈到最近对课业的担心，提及你的同桌经常问问题打扰你。

6.Ever since I graduated from high school twenty years ago，I have been in touch with my English teacher.
高中毕业20年来，我一直与我的英语老师保持着联系。

7.Born in a small town in 1812，Charles Dickens was able to attend school for only two years.
查尔斯·狄更斯于1812年出生在一个小镇上，他只上了两年学。

8.He is considered to be one of the greatest scientists in China.
他被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一。

9.Like father，like son.有其父必有其子。

10.Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。

Ⅰ.根据英文释义和首字母提示写出单词
1.distant：not wanting a close relationship with sb.
2.adopt：to take sb.into one’s family and become one’s child or heir
3.deliver：to take goods，letters，packages etc.to a particular place or person
4.acquaintance：a person that you have met but do not know well
5.divorce：to end one’s marriage by an official or a legal process
6.abandon：to leave a place，thing or person forever
7.familiar：easy to recognize because of being seen，met，heard，etc.before
8.relative：a member of your family
9.widow：a woman whose husband has died and who has not married again
10.quarrel：to have an argument
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.We must promote commerce with neighboring(neighbor) countries.
2.The police found the lost treasure in an abandoned(abandon) well.
3.Relations with our neighbors aren’t very harmonious(harmony) at the moment.
4.I hope you would be more respectful(respect) to your father.
5.All contracts are translated to avoid any misunderstanding(misunderstand) between the companies.
6.Accompanied(accompany) by cheerful music，the children began to dance.
7.Internet users become more dependent(depend) on the Internet to store information.
8.I can’t come to dinner on Tuesday；I’m otherwise engaged(engage).
9.She went to live abroad after the break-up of her marriage(marry).
10.I came to England to make your acquaintance(acquaint).
Ⅲ.选择方框内的短语并用其正确形式填空
1.She is proud that both her children have a talent for music.
2.He put his heart into his work and didn’t notice me.
3.She broke up with her boyfriend last month.
4.He urged all concerned to take an active part in the work.
5.In times of crisis，it’s good to have a friend to turn to.
6.Now that my mother has a telephone，it’s much easier to get in touch with her.
7.We have been on good terms with our neighbors for all these years.
8.Many people are concerned about the pollution of the environment.
9.The voice on the telephone sounded familiar to me.
10.Their marriage was a mismatch and they had little in common.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.He is loyal to the Party(对党忠诚) and he will always remain so.
2.Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan(领养一个孤儿).
3.Can you have it delivered to me/deliver it to me(把它送来给我) today？I need it as soon as possible.
4.She shares (in) my troubles as well as my joys(与我同甘共苦).
5.The teacher as well as the parents is to blame(该受责备).
6.In the children’s minds summer is associated with(和……有联系) picnics.
7.She treated each of the children to(用……招待) an ice-cream.
8.England is separated from France(和法国隔开) by the Channel.
9.I don’t appreciate being treated(不喜欢被对待) like a second-class citizen.
10.Did you have much bother (in) finding(费了很大的劲才找到) his office?
Ⅴ.根据括号内提示翻译句子
1.如果您能提前告诉我您是否能来，我将不胜感激。

(I would appreciate it if...)
I would appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not.
2.由于沉湎于网络游戏，他考试不及格。

(abandon，过去分词短语作状语)
Abandoned to the Internet games，he didn’t pass the exam.
3.他致力于社区活动，受到周围人的赞扬。

(devote，现在分词短语作状语)
Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.
4.她通晓至少五门外语，但碰巧她对这门语言不熟悉。

(familiar)
She is familiar with at least five foreign languages，but it so happens that this language isn’t
familiar to her.
5.她的父母在她还是婴儿的时候就去世了，她是由姑母抚养大的。

(bring up)
Her parents died/passed away when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
Book 1Unit 1Friendship
1.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的；vt.(upset；upset)使不安；打翻
(1)be upset about/over/at为……心烦/难过
It upsets sb.to do sth./that...让某人心烦的是……
(2)She asked her mother why he did that，and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.Hannah was very upset.
汉娜问母亲他为什么那么做，母亲说那个人无家可归，饥肠辘辘。

汉娜非常不安。

(2017·北京) 2.ignore vt.不理睬；忽视
(1)I am quite ignorant of/about what they intend to do.(填介词)
(2)However，their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown.
但是，由于他们的位置遥远，这就使得法国的法律在此不受重视或不为人所知。

(2016·四川) 3.calm adj.平静的；镇静的；vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇静
(1)stay/keep/remain calm保持镇静
(2)I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down(安静下来).(2017·全国Ⅰ)
4.concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；n.担心；(利害)关系
(1)concerned adj.担心的；有关的
concerning prep.关于
(2)as far as...be concerned 就……来说
be concerned with与……有关
(3)Concerning the toll(通行费) free policy on the express way，what concerns us most is the traffic jams while some are concerned about the safety.(concern)
(4)Others are concerned about/for using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers. 另一些人关心这种需要较少的水和肥料的园艺方法。

(2016·全国Ⅱ)
5.series n.连续；系列
用法点拨
(1)come to/into power掌权；上台
beyond one’s power某人力所不能及的
(2)He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.(同义句改写) →He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.
熟词生义[写出句子中黑体词的汉语意思]
(3)The tractor is powered by a diesel engine(柴油机).给(车辆或机器)提供动力
7.suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
(1)suffering n.折磨；苦难
(2)The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when they exercise in one place for a long time.(填介词)(2015·湖北)
用法点拨
8.recover vt.& vi.痊愈；恢复；重新获得
(1)recovery n.康复；痊愈；复得
(2)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required to process the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(填介词)(2017·全国Ⅰ)
9.exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地
(1)not exactly (交际用语)不完全是(对)；(表示强调)并不；并没有
(2)—So you gave her your iPod?
—Not exactly，I lent it to her.
——你把iPod给她了？
——不是，我只是借给她。

10.disagree vi.不同意
You are saying that everyone should be equal，and this is where I disagree.(填连接词)
11.grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的
(1)be grateful to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而感激某人
(2)Tanis wrote this letter in order to show how grateful she was to the training center.
Tanis写这封信的目的是为了感谢培训中心对自己的帮助。

(2016·北京)
12.dislike n.& vt.厌恶；不喜欢
Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing(discuss) things like traffic or weather.
(2015·安徽) 13.tip n.提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费；vt.倾斜；翻倒
(1)Your name is right on the tip of my tongue.(on the tip of one’s tongue就在嘴边的，差一点就能想起来的)
熟词生义[写出句子中黑体词的汉语意思]
(2)Did you remember to tip the waiter？给小费
1.add up合计
(1)add up to加起来达到；意味着
add to增添
(2)Three added(add) to four makes seven.
熟词生义[写出句子中黑体词的汉语意思]
(3)He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason.(2017·全国Ⅲ) 补充说
2.go through经历；经受；通过；仔细察看；(法案等)通过；用完；耗尽
[写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思]
(1)I myself went through this searching process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better.(2017·全国Ⅰ)经历
(2)He’d gone through all his money by the end of the first week of his holiday.用完
(3)As you go through this book，you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.(2015·湖南)浏览
3.set down放下；记下；登记
set up 搭起；创办
set aside 把……放置一旁；不理会
set out to do(＝set about doing)开始做……
set off for 动身去……
4.on purpose故意
(1)近义词组：by design
反义词组：by chance；by accident；by coincidence
(2)I wasn’t doing anything on purpose to make myself better.
我并没有特意地做什么事来使自己变得更好。

(2016·江苏)
5.fall in love with相爱；爱上(表动作)
be in love with相爱；爱上(表状态)
(1)When the author saw the basket in the window，she fell in love with(爱上) it.(2016·浙江)
(2)They have been in love with(相爱) each other for two years.
1.While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。

[看例句，总结状语从句的省略规则]
(1)A few months later，while eating(＝while she was eating)，she would even turn her back to me.
(2015·四川) 总结：若主、从句主语一致且从句中含有be动词时，则可以省去从句的主语和be动词构成省略。

(2)I hope you could appreciate that I must spare no effort to do well in my final exam if possible(＝if it is possible).(2016·全国Ⅲ)
总结：当从句的主谓是it is/was时，可省去it is/was，构成省略。

2.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

用法点拨
(1)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津)
(2)It was at midnight that I came home yesterday.
→It was midnight when I came home yesterday.
(3)She didn’t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.(用强调句型强调画线部分)
→It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
3....it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
用法点拨
(1)This is the first time that I have heard(hear) him sing.
(2)It was the third time that the boy had been(be) late.
(3)It is high time that we took/should take(take) immediate action to solve the problem.
(4)There was a time when everyone’s opinion was mine as well.
Book 7Unit 4Sharing
1.relevant adj.有关的；切题的
Many people believe that classical music is not relevant to(和……有关) young people today.
2.adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适合
(1)adjust...to...调整……以适应……
adjust to doing...适应做……
(2)He quickly adjusted to the new environment.(同义句改写)
→He made a quick adjustment to the new environment.
3.participate vi.参加；参与
(1)participation n.参加
participant n.参加者
(2)From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in(参加) achieving common goals.(2016·江苏)
4.otherwise conj.否则；不然；adv.用别的方法；其他方面
(1)—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise，I wouldn’t have been(not，be) able to reach her yesterday.(2017·天津)
(2)He is old and sick；otherwise he would be working(work) right now.
5.privilege n.特权；特别优待
(1)have the privilege to do/of doing...有做……的特权
be/feel privileged to do...做……是荣幸的
(2)We are privileged to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.(同义句改写)
→It is a privilege for us to have a distinguished guest tonight.
6.donate vt.捐赠
(1)Volunteers came with carloads of donated(donate) clothing and toys.(2016·北京)
(2)Donations(donate) began flooding in from hundreds of people.(2017·天津)
7.voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的；无偿的
(1)volunteer n.志愿者；v.自愿
(2)When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help(help) the Make-A-Wish Foundation(基金会)，nobody understood what she was talking about.
8.distribute vt.分配；分发
(1)distribution n.分配；分发；分布状态
(2)I can distribute their letters to my students who are willing to have friends and are in need of practice. 我可以把信分发给那些愿意交朋友，需要练习的学生。

9.security n.安全；保护；保障
10.operate vi.工作；运转；vt.操作
(1)operation n.运转；手术
operator n.(电脑)操作员；接线员
(2)in operation 工作中；起作用；生效
come/go into operation实行；生效
bring/put...into operation实施；使……开始生效
(3)The doctor will operate on her leg tomorrow.(填介词)
用法点拨
1.hear from接到……的信(后跟sb.)
hear of听说
2.(be) dying to极想；渴望
be dying for sth.渴望/想要某物
3.the other day不久前的一天
If it had not been for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.
如果不是他前几天邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。

(2016·江苏)
4.in need在困难中；在危急中；缺(食物或钱)
(1)If we stay at home，it is comfortable and there is no need to(没必要……) spend money.
(2016·全国Ⅱ) (2)After completing my training，I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of(需要……) proper accommodation.
(3)Give the books to the students in need(在困难中).
1.We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.
我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先爬到了一座山的山脊，从那儿我们欣赏到了优美的
风景，然后又沿着陡峭的山坡到了下面的山谷。

用法点拨
We came a week ago，since when we’ve had no rest.
我们一周前就来了，自那以后就没休息过。

2.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.
你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人留念的，而是给那些确实有生活需要的人的一项志愿性捐助。

用法点拨
Not you but I am to blame.
不是你而是我该受责备。

(2017·全国Ⅱ，B)
I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don’t know how many people would have done that；they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago.He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn’t talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.
24.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A.Paul Newman wanted it.
B.The studio powers didn’t like his agent.
C.He wasn’t famous enough.
D.The director recommended someone else.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。

25.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A.They were of the same age.
B.They worked in the same theater.
C.They were both good actors.
D.They had similar characteristics.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。

26.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Their belief.
B.Their care for children.
C.Their success.
D.Their support for each other.
答案 A
解析代词指代题。

根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that...”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使“我们”两人连在一起，故选A项。

27.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A.To show his love of films.
B.To remember a friend.
C.To introduce a new movie.
D.To share his acting experience.
答案 B
解析写作意图题。

本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。

名师指津
1.抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络
通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员Paul Newman 之间的友谊。

文章的脉络如下：
2.总结解题规律，提高解题能力
深层理解文章，做好推理判断题
推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。

此类题目要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。

解题的关键在于要特别注意文章中能够表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。

例如第25题，根据第二段中的“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors：humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection.Those were also at the core(核心) of our relationship off the screen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，因此就不难推断出答案为D。

(2017·全国Ⅱ)
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 ，there are several ways to handle things.Let’s take a look at them now.
37 .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.
When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除) future
When you need to talk to someone，don’t do it in your own office. 39 ，it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.
If you have a door to your office，make good use of it. 40 .If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed，you’re not to be disturbed.
A.If you’re busy，don’t feel bad about saying no
B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work
C.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
D.If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area
E.It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available
F.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
G.Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not
语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要就如何在工作中避免受到打扰提出了几点建议。

36.答案 B
解析解本题可用关联逻辑法。

空格后说“有几种方法来处理这些情况”，B项“当你想在工作中避免受到打扰时”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。

37.答案 A
解析解本题可用设题位置法。

设空处位于段首，根据后文提到的“告诉对方你很抱歉、向对方解释你有很多事情要做以及另约时间”可知，本段讲述的是在自己很忙的时候不要不好意思拒绝，故选A项。

38.答案 E
解析解本题可用关联逻辑法。

空格前说“当人们试图打扰你时，你要确定好时间，让他们知道什么时候回来找你或者你去找他们”，空格后说“这样做能帮你消除未来受到打扰的可能”，E项“让他们知道你什么时候有空非常重要”与上下文衔接紧密，故为答案。

39.答案 D
解析解本题可用词汇锁定法。

空格前的“in your own office”与D项中的“in the other person’s office”相对应。

D项“如果你在别人的办公室或者公共区域”与空格后的内容衔接紧密，故为答案。

40.答案G
解析解本题可用句意判断法。

根据空格前的“如果你的办公室有门，那么就好好利用它”可知，本段主要讲述如何利用办公室的门来避免受到打扰，故选G项。

借助词汇复现，巧解七选五
词汇复现不是指词语的简单再现，而是指某个词语可以以不同的词类、词性、数、格、时态及语态等形式出现。

如：read，reading，readers。

有时也会以同义词或反义词的形式出现。

这是解题的一个很好的判断线索。

注意以下几点：
1.做题时，着重阅读选项的前后两句，锁定关键词，然后在选项中找出相关特征词。

如第39题，空格前出现了“in your own office”，其中office是提示关键词，与D项中“in the other person’s office”中的office相呼应，由此可以判断出答案为D项。

2.关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组(如带有形容词的名词词组)、专有名词等。

3.正确选项中的关键词一般重复上一句的关键词，也与下一句的关键词相呼应，或者是与关键词有关联的词。

如第40题，空格前一句中提到a door，空格后一句中提到knock(敲门)，所以答案中肯定含有与door相关的词汇，而G项中的open，close正好与此相关，故正确答案为G项。

Ⅰ.词汇积累
1.agent n.代理人；代理商
2.stand up for支持；拥护；坚持
3.be respectful of尊重……
4.dig into挖掘；钻研
5.cut sb.short打断某人
Ⅱ.句式升级
1.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors.(改为简单句)
Both of us had the qualities and virtues typical of American actors.
2.We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back.(把that从句由同位语改为宾语)
We believed that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back.
强化练(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·安徽皖南八校联考)
He was there every morning，sitting motionless on the front steps of his house.In the morning light，I could see the shadows that were etched(蚀刻) deep within the lines surrounding his eyes.
Each morning I walked this route with my daughter to her kindergarten class.We were new to the neighborhood so that I didn’t know many of my neighbors.On one beautiful autumn morning，as we passed his house，my daughter called out to him，“Hi，Mr Man！” Always the outgoing child，I wasn’t surprised at her enthusiasm.But her cheerfulness soon faded when the man didn’t look at her and say “Hi” back.
As we continued on our walk to school，my daughter asked why the man didn’t want to say hi to her.Because I didn’t have an answer，I said simply，“Maybe he is having a bad day.”Later I knew that Bob lost his wife in a car accident.
A few days later，as we approached Bob’s house on our way to school，my daughter called out “Hi，Mr Man！” and as usual，he didn’t respond.But then she ran onto his front lawn and picked up a beautiful red autumn leaf.She continued up one step and handed it to him.I held my breath.
As she skipped back to me，she said，“See you tomorrow，Mr Man！” This time，he acknowledged her.In a soft gentle voice，he thanked her and said，“See you tomorrow.”
From then on，Bob and my daughter exchanged greetings each morning.Our friendship with Bob continued for many years.But，the sweetest day is when Bob attended my daughter’s high school graduation.Bob gave my daughter a gift—a book on identifying various plants and trees.There，tucked in the pages that described an oak tree，was the leaf my daughter had given to Mr Man when they first met.He had dried and pressed it and kept it all those years.
1.What puzzled the girl?
A.The cause of the man’s sadness.
B.The shadows in the man’s eyes.
C.The man’s sitting still on the steps.
D.The man’s not answering her greeting.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句中的“...my daughter asked why the man didn’t want to say hi to her.”可知，女孩对于那个男人不和她打招呼很困惑。

故选D。

2.How did the author feel when his daughter gave a red leaf to the man?
A.Proud.
B.Nervous.
C.Embarrassed.
fortable.
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

根据第四段最后两句“She continued up one step and handed it to him.I held my breath.”可知，当作者的女儿捡起一片红色的秋叶给那个男人时，作者屏住了呼吸。

再根据前文可知，这个男人在车祸中失去了妻子，女儿以前和他打招呼他都没有回应，所以作者是紧张的心理。

故选B。

3.Why did Bob keep that little red leaf?
A.It was a care from a girl.
B.It was a symbol of enthusiasm.
C.It was a reminder of his painful days.
D.It represented the knowledge of trees.
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据文中所述可知Bob在车祸中失去妻子之后，心情极度低落，而作者的女儿却与他打招呼，即使他没有反应，甚至送给他一片红色的秋叶，这一切都表达了小姑娘对他的关心。

故选A。

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.A Simple Red Leaf
B.A Strange Neighbor
C.An Unusual Friend
D.A Greeting from a Girl
答案 A
解析标题归纳题。

根据文章内容可知，作者的女儿送给Bob一片红色的秋叶才打破了僵局，也温暖了Bob的心。

所以最好的标题是A。

B
(2018·山东菏泽七县一中期中)
As more people opt for the single life，adult friendships also grow more important.For people in relationships，having a reliable group is important，too—your mate will be much happier if you’re spreading your anxieties beyond his or her ears and you will also feel better.
In a recent study，researchers made some fascinating findings about how “who we are”informs the friendships we hold.The study was based on the most popular personality construct in contemporary psychology，the Big 5 personality traits(特征)：extraversion，or how much you love attention and interacting with people；neuroticism，or how easily worried you are by things; agreeableness，or how warm and kind you are; conscientiousness，or how careful you are about life’s many duties; and openness to experience，or how much you’re into discovering new things，whether they’re ideas，people，or places.
For their study，the research team recruited 434 students.They took a personality questionnaire in the lab，then rated how satisfied they were with their friends and their life overall，and then researchers asked them to recommend half a dozen friends to rate their personality.Gathering these ratings together，the researchers found that openness to experience didn’t have anything to do with friendship satisfaction，at least in this study.Neuroticism was linked to lower satisfaction (probably because emotionally unstable people may be dramatic or hard to please，at least in my personal experience).But having high scores in the three remaining sunny traits—conscientiousness，extra version，and agreeableness—predicted higher friendship satisfaction.However，it’s a pretty intuitive(直觉的) result，since it’s easy to be friends with someone who’s always on time，always saying that you’re right，and always up to hang out.But if you don’t exactly identify with all that，fear not：Your personality is so much more than your traits.
语篇解读这篇文章通过调查研究讨论了性格和友谊之间的关系。

5.What does the author think of the friendship?
A.It is helpful to dating and work.
B.It can relieve your negative emotions.
C.It has nothing to do with personality.
D.It is based on the 5 popular personality traits.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

由第一段中的“your mate will be much happier if you’re spreading your anxieties beyond his or her ears and you will also feel better”可知作者认为友谊可以减轻你的负面情绪。

选B。

6.What does the underlined word “neuroticism” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Determination.
B.Nervousness.
C.Hesitation.
D.Optimism.
答案 B
解析词义猜测题。

根据画线词后面的“or how easily worried you are by things”可推断出“neuroticism”的意思是“神经过敏”。

选B。

7.What opinion does the author hold?
A.It’s hard to please emotionally unstable people.
B.A punctual person can surely make more friends.
C.Friends are more important than families for single persons.
D.The five traits are equally demanded in getting higher friendship satisfaction.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“probably because emotionally unstable people may be
dramatic or hard to please，at least in my personal experience”可知作者认为很难让情感不稳定的人高兴。

选A。

C
(2017·山东费县二中月考)
Integrity
Integrity is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right.The concept of integrity has played a key role in moral philosophy throughout history and is promoted in all societies because of its importance to social relations.Individual integrity is vital to society，one that enables people to make use of their capacity for critical reflection，does not force people to take up particular roles and does not encourage individuals to betray each other.Besides，societies can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.
Individual integrity can lift up the spirits of the entire society.It can shape the lives of people living in a particular society，the lives of all fellow people and，in its broadest sense，even the destiny(命运) of a nation.By contrast，if those living in the society are corrupt，it could have bad effects，jeopardizing the healthy morality of the society.
On the other hand，a society can be favorable to the development of individual integrity.Society expects and requires integrity.A society consisting of people of integrity，and people who never compromise on their principles，could have a positive mark on the personal development of its members.Being a part of such a morally lively community could serve as a basis for absorbing traits of good character.This could be of a distinct advantage to any individuals in the society.
However，some social structures are of the wrong sort for some individuals to pursue(追求) integrity.If that is the case，we have to ask questions about the moral nature of society first before raising questions about individual integrity.Questions about integrity may turn out to be about what kind of society it is，rather than about the relationship between individual interests and characteristics of a society.The pursuit of adequate individual integrity often depends，not so much on understanding who one is and what one believes and is committed to，but rather understanding what one’s society is and imagining what it could be.
Under no circumstances can we underestimate the importance of human integrity in a society.People，who are honest，trustworthy，compassionate and caring，are the factors decisive in the growth of individuals as well as the development of a society.
8.Individual integrity has been valued in society because .。