热点02 书面表达概要写作【命题趋势】
提供一篇350以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
考查要求：
对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
上下文的连贯性；
对各要点表达的独立性情况。
【满分技巧】
如何确保要点齐全？【诀窍】
划分段落【不以自然段为单位】
段落数=要点数
说明文的段落划分
1.描述某事物的性质功用等:
性质/定义—功用/功能—应用/利好
2.针对某问题提出解决办法或措施:
问题—成因—解决方法/措施
3.介绍某现象及其原因结果:
现象—原因—结果
议论文的段落划分
三要素：论点、论据和结论：
论点—论据1……论据n—结论
记叙文的段落划分
人物、情节(who did what) 、时间、地点：
夹叙夹议者：+观点/哲理性推论：
情节1—情节2……情节n—启示
【热点话题】社会热点；学生生活；暑期活动
【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）
A
（2019年浙江省高考真题）
话题：父母鼓励孩子的方式难度：★★建议用时：5分
第二节读后续写(满分25分)
67.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident
Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.
giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fac opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try n or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their pare nts’ praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.
ard for
Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in tryin their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.
If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something
that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themsel
Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What
hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of
Really Matters. “One
thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and pla should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also
mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But
whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort
your child has put into it.
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【写作思路】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，
1. 读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄
清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。
2. 组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准
确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较
多的文字去表达重要的内容。
3. 通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。
【参考范文】
Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要点一) Yet, both too much and too little
praise can be equally damaging. (要点二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the
process instead of the result. (要点三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have
要点四)
invested in the work they’re involved in. (
【名师点评】
本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是
学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇
350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
B
(2020届江苏南京师大苏州实验学校高三上第一次模拟考)
话题：机器人难度：★★建议用时：5分
请认真阅读下面的短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Robots will create double the number of jobs that they will destroy, according to the World Economic
Forum(WEF), but there will be significant shifts in the structure of America’s workforce that may imp The report says that 75 million jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence(AI), robotics and automation. But it
also suggests that 133 million new jobs may be created as organizations shift the balance between human workers
and machines.
It is a widely held belief that routine, low-skilled jobs are most at risk for automation, but the report shows that
many middle-class roles are also at risk. Financial analysts, accountants and lawyers could all see significant
changes by 2022. But manual workers could be among the hardest hit.
Meanwhile, there could be a huge change in the structure of the workforce, with the executives surveyed by
WEF expecting a shift away from full-time work to flexible employment with a focus on productivity.
All industries expect big skills gaps, stating that at least 50 percent of their workforce will require reskilling of
some degree. The aviation, travel and tourism industry will have the largest demand for reskilling.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述短文的主要内容；
2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1) 这一现象产生的原因有哪些(不少于两点)；(2) 面对即将到来的“智能时代”你所做的准备。
【写作要求】
1. 阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】
【概要】
Robots are replacing human beings but are also creating twice as many jobs as they have destroyed, bringing about great changes in the structure of workforce and requirements for reskilling.
【论述】
Behind the phenomenon are various reasons. For one thing, great advances in science and technology make it possible for robots to be widely employed in many fields. For another, productivity has been greatly increased by using robots, which in turn helps promote the popularity of robots. Meanwhile, the widespread application of robots has generated great changes in the way people work as well as their choices of jobs.
like to equip myself with relevant knowledge and enjoy the Feeling lucky to live in the intelligent age, I’d
convenience it brings us. Besides, I will try to cultivate creative thinking and the sense of innovation so as to meet the urgent needs of the fast development of science and technology.
C
(2020届新素养大二轮专题浙京津鲁琼版模拟卷1)
话题：手机摄影大赛+收集难度：★★建议用时：5分
第一节应用文写作(满分15分)
假如你是李华，获悉中国日报(China Daily) 将举办“厉害了，我的国”(Amazing China)手机摄影大赛。请写封邮件建议你的美国留学生朋友George参加，邮件内容包括：
1．作品要求：展示风土人情，附上作品名称；
2．投稿方式与截止时间：12月30日前发邮件至ac@ https://www.doczj.com/doc/e62750394.html,；
3．表示愿意提供帮助。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear George，
How is everything going？
Yours, Li Hua
第二节阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
While it takes time，energy and money that could surely be put to a much more productive use，there are millions of collectors around the world. People collect postcards，chocolate wrappers or whatever they like.Collecting must be one of the most varied human activities，and it’s
one that many psychologists find fascinating.Many forms of collecting have been dignified with a technical name：an arctophilist collects teddy bears，a philatelist collects postage stamps and a deltiologist collects postcards.
There are people who collect something because they want to make money，and this could be called an instrumental reason for collecting，that is，collecting as a means to an end.They will look for，say，antiques(古董) that they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell at a profit.But there may well be a psychological factor too：buying cheap and selling dear can keep the collector a sense of achievement.And as selling online is so easy，more people are joining in.
If you think about collecting postage stamps，another potential reason for it is its educational value.Stamp collecting opens a window to other countries and to the plants，animals or famous people shown on the stamps. Similarly，in the nineteenth century many collectors amassed(积累) animals and plants from around the globe and their collections provide a vast amount of information about the natural world.Without those collections，our understanding would be greatly inferior to what it is.
Not all collectors are interested in learning from their hobby，though，so what we might call a psychological reason for collecting is the need for a sense of control and a sense of fulfillment，perhaps as a way of dealing with insecurity. Stamp collectors，for instance，arrange their stamp albums，usually very neatly，organizing their collections according to certain commonplace principles—perhaps by country in alphabetic order or grouping
stamps by what they describe—people，birds，maps and so on.
【应用文范文】
Dear George，
How is everything going? I have some exciting news for you that China Daily will hold a mobile photo
contest named “Amazing China”. I know you have a great love for photography, so why not give it a try?
The contest welcomes submissions about natural scenery, attractive figures or local customs of China. It will
be better if each photo is accompanied with a title. You’d better send your photos to ac@https://www.doczj.com/doc/e62750394.html, and
the deadline for entries will be Dec.30th.
I believe it is a great opportunity to share your precious experiences with us.If you are interested, I’m more
than happy to be your helper and offer my advice. I am looking forward to seeing your great works.
Yours, Li Hua
【概要范文】
Collecting wins the hearts of many people despite the time，effort and money they have to invest.To make a
fortune is one of the reasons accounting for the habit of collecting，where a sense of accomplishment is also
granted.Its academic merits are also obvious because people may have a better comprehension of the world with the information their collections provide.Actually，people sometimes just enjoy the feeling of domination and
collecting serves as a hobby to resist insecurity.
D
(2020届江苏专用增分冲刺卷1)
话题：快餐连锁难度：★★建议用时：5分
请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
As global fast-food chains and coffee shops begin phasing out(逐步淘汰) single-use plastic straws，McDonald’s China introduced a “strawless” lid(
盖子) for cold beverages at 10 Beijing restaurants on Nov.1,2018.
Like many consumers，Wu Yanmei, a bank clerk in Beijing，had never thought about the impact a simple straw
，I don’t like using straws，but the cups at fast-food restaurants are all
could have on the environment.“Actually
k straws are necessary，so the moves are a good way to raise
designed for use with a straw，” she said.“I don’t thin
-use plastic products.”
people’s awareness of not using single
However，Jiang Jianguo，a professor of environmental studies at Tsinghua University，said he doubts such
activities alone can have a majo r effect on the global pollution problem.“I don’t think the move by McDonald be a success because previously there were lots of hotels calling for a ban on single-use plastics，but it ended in
nothing because businesses compete by trying to make things convenient for consumers，” he said.
写作内容：
1.用约30个单词概括上述材料的主要内容；
2.用约120词谈谈你对“快餐连锁店逐步弃用塑料吸管”的看法，并用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
写作要求： 1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【背诵范文】
【概要】Fast-food chains like McDonald’s have taken action to stop using plastic straws gradually to be environmentally friendly，but as to whether such a move can have effects on improving the environment，people
hold different opinions.
【论述】Though plastic straws can afford people great convenience，I think phasing them out in fast-food
，
chains is advisable.First，plastics are a major source of pollution because they’re difficult to degrade.Therefo phasing them out is greatly beneficial to the environment，such as reminding people of the urgency to protect the environment.Moreover，without straws，consumers can still have their drinks.So why must we equip each drink
with a straw？Why don’t we save such resources for other uses？Maybe，somewhere，the plastics saved can make
a big difference to the society.
As a senior three student，I hope all the Chinese people will take an active part in the campaign against using
plastic straws，which is of great benefit for our living environment.
E
(2020届浙江省绿色评估联盟高三10月试题)
话题：英语竞赛+高科技对学生的影响难度：★★建议用时：5分
第一节应用文写作
假定你是李华，报名参加了“全国中学生英语能力竞赛”(NEPCS)。赛前，为更好地提高写作能力，请给
外教Michael写封邮件，请他帮忙修改一篇作文并提出建议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nowadays, more and more college students have no problem walking into a classroom and opening their
laptops. Others may spend an entire study period with a smartphone in hand. Some people argue that the increasing
use of technology can have many helpful effects on society. But a recent research suggests that using technology
during class time may harm college students' ability to remember and process the subject material.
Arnold Glass, a professor in Rutgers University in New Jersey4, and a student researcher investigated the issue
of divided student attention. The study involved 118 Rutgers students who were taking the same level college class.
The students were permitted to use any electronic device during half of their daily class periods. During the other
half, no one was allowed to use any technology.
The researchers found that the average daily quiz results showed no evidence of harmful effects from the use
of technology. However, the average results of the larger tests and final exam showed that all the students performed poorly when they were permitted to use technology in the classroom. Glass argues that it shows the use
of electronic devices in the classroom prevents students from processing information. When the students hear what
the professor is saying, they might be buying things online or reading unrelated emails at the same time. And that,
Glass says, makes it harder for the information to enter their long term memory. Even though the students know
what the professor said at that time, they no longer remember it a week later because they missed the opportunity.
However, Lauren Margulieux, an assistant professor at Georgia State University in Atlanta argues that there
are times when classroom use of technology is unavoidable. So, he says, educators need to consider that something
other than technology is distracting students.
In fact, a special software program has been created. Students can use the program, which engages students
more with the class material on their personal devices during a given class. It can also be used to observe student
activity and prevent them from opening unrelated pages and programs.
【背诵范文】
第一节应用文写作
Dear Michael,
I have signed up for the NEPCS. In preparation for it, I think what I am in desperate need of is to improve my
writing ability. Would you please do me a favor about it?
sions of some I’ve finished an essay, but still find it far from satisfactory. I’m not sure of the proper expre
English words, which makes the essay lack naturalness. Besides, there may also be some mistakes in grammar and sentence pattern. So I wonder if you can help me with these problems.
I would appreciate it if you could give me some suggestions. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节概要写作
A recent research shows using technology in class may prevent college students remembering and processing information. （要点一）118 students participated in the research where they used technology during half of class
performances were poor when using periods. （要点二）The researchers found in the long run the students’
technology because they were distracted.（要点三）But another researcher thinks something else except technology
is to blame for distracting students.（要点四）Actually, a special software program has been made to keep students focused. （要点五）（76 wo rds）
F
(2020届浙江省绿色评估联盟高三10月试题)
话题：暑假户外活动难度：★★建议用时：5分
请认真阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
A decade ago, summer vacation for college students was all about outdoor activities, whether they traveled
with their friends or conducted fieldwork. Nowadays, while there are still students who love to go outside, the majority of students prefer to stay indoors.
mer vacation activities by The Dynasty, almost According to a recent survey on Chinese college students’ sum
60 percent of the respondents say that they barely step outside. Waking up naturally, surfing the Internet all day long
and ordering some takeout food have become the new norm.
The indoor trend among college students has undoubtedly raised some concern. Zhu Haoliang, an associate professor of psychology at Wenzhou University, warns that students’ lack of outdoor activities not only affects their physical condition, but also weakens their psychological well-being.
“Humans are born to be social.We gain self-esteem and self-respect through social interactions，” h e told China ScienceDaily.“If they are spending too much time at home, students may lose interest in life or even suffer
from social anxiety, loneliness and depression，” he added.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.用约120词阐述你对“大学生暑假期间宅在家里”的看法，并用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【背诵范文】
【概要】
Nowadays, many college students prefer to stay indoors during their summer vacation rather than take part in outdoor activities, which according to a university associate professor, could do harm to their physical and mental health.
【论述】
Firstly, staying indoors means there will be a lack of exercise. As the
I couldn’t agree more with the professor.
, one’s mind and body are closely related. If one saying goes, “A sound mind is in a sound body.” That is to say
physical health fails, his mind will be very likely to suffer. Secondly, we human beings are creatures that interact greatly with other members in our society. With our personal development highly dependent on the overall development of our society, without social interactions, we’ll be cut off from the outside world, fall into loneliness and even suffer from depression.
Therefore, as far as I am concerned, college students should go outside rather than stay at home during their summer vacation.
G
（2020浙江宁波诺丁汉大学附属中学二上期中）
话题：工作难度：★★建议用时：5分
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early immigrants came to this country,
they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude still influences America today. Work
is not only important for the salary, but also for social and psychological working, being productive. For most Americans, they are what they do. What happens, then, when a person retires at the age of sixty-five or seventy?
It’s easy to imagine that retirement is no easy thing. Retirees often feel they are unproductive and no longer needed by others.
Once people retire, they may also get into financial trouble. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. After retirement, they have to change their lifestyles. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel, and other necessities.
Of course, not all senior citizens feel sad when they are in face of retirement. Working for so many years,
they eventually have time to spend with their families or to enjoy their hobbies such as reading, traveling or joining some senior citizen clubs. Some continue to work part time; others choose to do volunteer work like helping young people to get started in new business.
American government is taking steps to ease the problems of retired people. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services, such as free courses, food service, and help with housework. It is wise to do so. Retired citizens are an important part of the population and
their special needs must be concerned about. After all, everyone will be a senior citizen someday.
【参考范文】
Work plays an extremely important role in American culture, so people find retirement difficult as they may
feel useless without jobs. （要点1）Retirement can also br ing financial problems as Social Security checks don provide enough money. （要点2）However, some senior citizens feel happy about retirement as they finally get time to do what they really want. （要点3）American government is solving retired citizens’
problems and concerning their special needs, which is wise and necessary, because everyone will get old. （要点4）
2016年浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作 一、2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题 第二节：概要写作（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is no thing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block o ut disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up t he skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 15 46. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a frie ndly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman h ad taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman sho uld not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been re garded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning awa y dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of pre venting disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter th an white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too f ar? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of diseas e. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages ch ildren to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) positi on is gaining some ground. （原创范文，仅供参考） One possible version： People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in histo ry, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected peop le from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt abou t 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us health y. (要点 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our im mune system. (要点 4) 【范文点拨】 (一)要点分析 1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fix ed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards di rt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on th
上海高考英语题型训练: 写作 2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查 IV. Summary Writing （10 分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 松江 It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this. When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots （同胞）on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”. There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语）in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs "guess” meaning think and “loan” me aning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “loan”, it was used as long ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found. 参考答案：Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans. 崇明 Giving Thanks This is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a
概要写作（Summary writing），被称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow. Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only. 3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤） 1）Skim the text to find out the general theme. 2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details. 4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence. 5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes. 4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头） Begin your summary with: *The author’s name *The article’s or chapter’s name *The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article. The Body: First of all, the author describes…… He then points out that…… In addition, the author talks about…… Finally, the author suggests…… Some other introductory phrases: *(The author) states in (this article) that…
浙江省2020届高三12月百校联考英语试卷精选汇编： 读后续写概要写作 第一节读后续写（满分25分） 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Craig watched his old sister, Riley, and her friend Liz race up and down the lake on their skates, avoiding other hockey(曲棍球) players. Their skate blades looked like silver smoke. When the game was over, the girls skated up to the bench where Craig was sitting. Craig asked Riley what skating felt like. “When I go really fast, I feel like I’m flying,” she said. That’s silly, thought Craig. Flying is something birds do in the air, not something people do on ice skates. Then he watched Riley go back out on the ice. She skated around and around the edge of the lake with her arms pumping and her scarf trailing behind her. Soon she went so fast that her arms looked like wings and her scarf looked like a feathery tail. Maybe skating really was like flying. When Riley sat down to take her skates off, Craig said, “I wish I could fly.” Riley retied her skate laces and crouched next to Craig. “Get on my back,” she said, and Craig did. Riley started skating, but Craig didn’t feel like he was flying. It just felt like a shaking piggyback ride. “You’re too heavy,” Riley said. “I can’t go fast when I’m carrying you.” She skated slowly back to the bench. Craig got off her back. “Even if you could go fast, I wouldn’t be flying.” he said sadly. “I need skates to fly.” Riley didn’t say anything on the walk home, but a few days later she asked Craig if he wanted to go skating. “To watch?” he asked. “No, to skate,” she said cheerfully. “Mom and I found a pair of my old skates. They might fit you.” The skates were a little big, but when Riley stuffed newspaper in the toes, they fit. Craig couldn’t stop smiling. He didn’t want to take them off, but he had to so he could walk to the lake. Riley and Liz went with him. They carried their hockey sticks and a wooden chair. Hardly had they got to the lake when Craig put his skates back on and Riley helped him onto the ice. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语； 3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好； 4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1: Then she put his hands on the back of the chair. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要(2017宁波模拟) Many Chinese students have studied English for approximately ten years, but most of them cannot even speak English correctly or fluently. In my opinion, there are several obstacles that have caused this to happen. The main obstacle is fear! Another is the habit of mentally translating from Chinese to English and then to change these thoughts into spoken words and sentences. Many of these difficulties are caused by the way Chinese people study and learn the language. We must learn to speak as a child does. When we are learning a second language we need to remember how we learned our native language. Learning to understand and speak a language is one of the first skills a child develops. How does a child learn the language? He listens for a time and then he tries to repeat the words. Parents give great praise for the smallest effort and slightest improvement. Therefore, the child develops courage and is excited about learning. It takes a long time before he knows anything about grammar, spelling or formal sentence structures. As for language teachers, they should avoid criticism and be very encouraging and generous with praise. Criticism or pointing out faults too often causes students to lose self-confidence and develop a fear of speaking. The best way to motivate a student is using praise. The most important aspect of speaking is having good self-esteem. Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself. When most Chinese people are asked how their English is, or they are told their English is very good, they immediately respond by saying, "Oh my English is very poor." If you say this to yourself often enough, you will believe it. When someone compliments（称赞）you, just say "thank you". __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 共（）词
概要写作题型解读与技巧 第一部分概要写作总体介绍 1.题型介绍 ◆选材特点 (1)所需阅读的短文词数在350以内; (2)所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。 ◆评分参考 阅卷时主要考虑以下内容： (1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况; (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性; (3)上下文的连贯性; (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。 注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低;所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。 2考查能力 概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。 第二部分概要写作步骤和方法 一．概括的写作步骤： 1. 确定主题句。确定阅读文章的主题句，一般在段首。没有主题句的需要自己组合。 2. 寻找关键词。分析主题句意义，确定关键词，关键词一般体现为名词、形容词，关键词的数目决定了概括的信息浓度。 3. 重构主题句。概括的主题句逻辑上要统摄后面所有的支撑句。可以从作者的写作目的逆推，反映写作目的主题句是高度抽象的，它基本决定了概括的质量。
新高中英语概要写作答题技巧 概要写作要求读懂所给的阅读材料，用自己的语言高度概括文章的主要内容和观点，有三个步骤：1阅读 a.把握文章体裁。概要写作的前提是要理解原文。首先，通读原文，把握文章体裁、中心思想和整体结构，根据文章的体裁特点来决定内容的取舍，可以从以下方面的内容(见下表)入手。 ▲不同体裁文章的要点 b.画出主题句或关键词，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。在找到主题句后，要分析主题句的意义，进一步确定衬托主题句的一些关键词（组）如动词、名词等。 c.整合概括大意。根据阅读时获取的信息、主题句或关键词(组)等，对相关的内容进行整合，理清各层次、要点之间的关系，用自己的语言把词(组)扩展成句，归纳出各段落的大意，也就是表达的要点。2写作
概要写作不是对原文的简单复述，而是在透彻理解原文的基础上，对原文进行高度的概括。注意以下几点： a.准确。准确理解原文包括对原文中每个要点及与之相关的“一些重要论据，句子的理解等。概要写作必须绝对忠实于原文，既不能遗漏任何要点，也不能随意添加内容。概要写作的时态顺应与原文的时态，顺序一致。由于概要写作是转述别人的事情或观点，所以，不管原文使用何种人称概要写作一般都要用第三人称。 b.客观。在进行概要写作时，要依据原文作者的观点，客观地转述文中的要点，不要把自己个人的观点和看法掺杂进去，不要使用“I think”和“I believe”等主观性的词句。由于概要写作不允许照抄原文中的句子，因此，可采用句型转换、同义词转化、语态互换等手法将原文中的句子进行改头换面，达到“雁过不留痕”的效果。如可用单个词汇替换具有相同语法功能的单词和词组：用determine 代替“make up ones mind”;用therefore和to等表示逻辑意义的连接词代替较长的词组“as a result”和“in order to”等。 c.简洁。由于概要写作的词数有限，所以，可以采取削“枝”去“叶”的方法来减少词数。通常的方法是去掉原文中的一些实例、冗长的说明、描述性的修饰语以及省略或简化图表，删除直接引语的对话。如果必须保留某些重要的对话，可将其改为间接引语的形式，即把对话体变为叙述体；或采用主谓缩写( we are→we're；they will→they'll)，句式省略( when he crossed the road= when crossing the road)，合并句子，使用简单句、并列句，with的复合结构，适当使用复合句等方法来进行概要写作。 d.连贯。连接词是内容概要的桥梁，它在句与句或段与段之间起铺垫的作用，能够把内容概要有机地串联起来，确保行文流畅，衔接紧凑。因此，概要写作哪怕只有一个段落，也要根据原文的层次结构，在适当的地方添加连接词，如表示顺序关系的“firstly”¨secondly"“finally”；
浙江新高考英语题型解读—概要写作 一、浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.
上海高考英语新题型之概要写作 澄衷高级中学孙吉 从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作（Summary writing），也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。 概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。 一．正确认识概要写作 1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义） By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book. 2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点） Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information. Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text. Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner. Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does. Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and
上海高考英语概要写作技巧 Rubrics for summary writing (2019-9-14) 评分标准: 1. 本题总分为15分, 其中内容10分, 语言5分。（这部分还有待最终确认，可能是5+5） 2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。 3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。 各档次给分要求: 内容部分 A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。 B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。 C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。 D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。 E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 语言部分 A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。 C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。 D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。 E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。 F. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。 把握文体特点 记叙文：what who when where why how 议论文：opinion/ idea+ argument (supporting ideas / reasons) 说明文：phenomenon/ problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) 新闻：a focus on the first paragraph, and the first or last sentence of the other paragraphs 样题解读 Dirt Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.