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初中英语语法动词不定式用法归纳

初中英语语法动词不定式用法归纳
初中英语语法动词不定式用法归纳

初中英语语法动词不定式用法归纳

动词不定式用法灵活多样,这一点你是否了解?有些动词或短语后面既可以接不定式又可以接动名词,其用法区别你是否已铭记于心?

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。

下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。

1.作主语

可以直接作主语。如:To see is to believe.

但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如:

It's wrong to play tricks on other people.

It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10).

点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。

2.作宾语

a.want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如:

We agreed to start early.

She wants to be a doctor.

b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。

点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。

提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如:

I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。

c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。

点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。

提示板:

1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。

stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。

例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师出去时,学生们又开始说话。

2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?

d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如:The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.

I feel it easy to recite the text.

点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。

3.作宾语补足语

a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如:

I tell him not to go there by bus .

Edison's mother taught him to read and write.

b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如:The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.

I heard her sing in the next room.

提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如:They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.

She was heard to sing in the next room.

4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面

例句:I have a lot of work to do.

The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy.

点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。

提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如:

I have a small bedroom to live in.

Have you got some pens to write with?

5.表语:放在连系动词be后面

例句:His wish is to become a scientist.

The first important thing is to save the soldiers'lives.

当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。

点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。

6.作状语

a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面。如:I come to see you.

He runs fast in order to get there in time.

b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excited等词后面。如:

I am glad to see you here.

I am sorry to trouble you.

c.作结果状语。如:

Some of the apples are hard to reach.

The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.

7.与what,who,whose,when,where,how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。

如:

I don't know what to do next.(宾语)

He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语)

It's still a question how to get there.(主语)

巩固练习:

根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1.It's time for us _____(have)supper.

2.Would you like_____(go)shopping with me?

3.It took us half an hour_____(work)out the problem.

4.He is old enough_____(join)the army.

5.I feel strange_____(have)a twin sister.

6.I am very glad_____(meet)you here.

7.They prefer_____(stay)at home rather than go out.

8.We saw them_____(come)into the room just now.

9.What he said made me_____(feel)sorry.

10.I am sorry.I forgot_____(tell)you the news.

11.His plan is_____(spend)a few days in the mountains.

12.Have you got anything_____(say)?

13.Have you decided which one_____(choose)?

14.Do you know when_____(start)?

15.He is too weak_____(carry)the big stone.

Key: 动词不定式用法归纳:

1.to have;2.to go 3.to work 4.to join 5.to have 6.to meet 7.to stay 8.come 9.feel 10.to tell

11.to spend 12.to say 13.to choose 14.to start 15.to carry

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初中不定式todo的用法

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(完整版)省略to的动词不定式用法归纳

省略to的动词不定式用法归纳 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如: Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如: 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误:He was made work twenty hours a day. 正:He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如: They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。 考例: 1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/e616922401.html, to leave https://www.doczj.com/doc/e616922401.html, leaving C.to leave D.to leaving 2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose 3.The girl was ma de _________ she didn’t love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如: We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。 但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时,则不能省略to。如:They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如: They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个

动词不定式用法及练习题-L105

动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如: To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。 动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为: It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如: It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。例: It’s g ood for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语: 动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。例: His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,start,

初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题

初中英语动词不定式用法 动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。 一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如: 1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. ' head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. to learn English well is important. see is to believe.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见) 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如: | best way is to join an English club. first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如: 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. ~ 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3)Id love to visit Mexico. 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如: 1)Could you please tell me where to park my car 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. : 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如: I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格,特别是美国英语,即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如: 1) Then I started to watch Tv. 2) I am beginning to understand my parents. .

(完整版)动词不定式的用法总结

动词不定式的用法总结 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。接下来为大家提供了以下:动词不定式的用法总结一 动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。 而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。 现就以下几方面介绍如下。 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。 如: I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。

如: Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: (1)在固定词组had better之后。 注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如: You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如: I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省

动词不定式用法

动词不定式用法 不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定及影响的一种动词形式。 一、动词不定式的基本结构 动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。 speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话 to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语 二、动词不定式的用法 不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。 (一) 不定式作名词的用法 不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 ⒈作主语

名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。 To grow more trees here is very important. (=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。 To hear your voice is so nice. (=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。 To speak English well is not easy for me. (=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。 To walk to school takes me twenty minutes. (=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。 注意:在It is… to…‖的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。通常不定式被视为第三人称单数,所以动词用is或was。 It is bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。 另外,不定式作主语的句子,同时有另外一个不定式作表语时,不能转换成―It is… to…‖的句型。 To see is to believe. (百闻不如一见。) 不能转换为:It is to believe to see. 2.作表语

初中英语动词不定式的基本用法(2)(最新整理)

动词不定式(the infinitive)的基本用法 动词不定式 1. “not/never to do / not do”. 2. 基本用法:不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化。 一、不定式的句法功能 1. 作主语 eg: It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American school. 不定式做主语时,常用代词it 来代替不定式结构, 这时it 被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置,往往放v.和adj.之后。 e.g. To learn English well is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn English well. ★不定式的逻辑主语有时用“of/for + 名词或代词宾格”构成, 即: 跟踪练习 1. It’s very nice of them ________ (send) me the flowers. 2. _________ (become) a teacher is my dream. 3. It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换) ________ ________ English well ______ very important. 4. It’s important _______ Chinese well. A. to learn B. learn C. learning D. learns 2. 作表语 eg:The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. 表语是用来表示主语的身份、状态和特征等,可与系动词构成系表结构。 eg:Her wish is to study in Ji Yan Middle school. My job is to clean the streets. 跟踪练习 1. My work is __________ (clean) the room every day. 2. His dream is _________ (be) a doctor. 3. 作宾语 eg:The driver offered to help the patient. 有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语,表示命令、打算或希望等。常见的此类动词有:agree,

最新初二英语动词不定式用法小结及练习

初二英语动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是动词的一种特殊形式,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能做谓语;它由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“notto+动词原形”.在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法,现总结如下: 一、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语,例如To think of the animals in danger is sad .为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置,如It is sad to think of the animals in danger .常用句型:It +be+adj./n to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth. 二、动词不定式作宾语 一些动词,如want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare,等,常接动词不定式作宾语。应注意有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但所表达的意义不同。常见的有:(1)stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事;stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事(2)tryto do sth.尽力做某事;try doing sth.尝试做某事(3)remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记去做某事;remember/forget doing sth.记得/忘记做过某事。下列动词(enjoyfinish keep mind practice spendadvise suggest allow)后面不能用不定式,用动名词作宾语 三、动词不定式作宾语补足语 有些动词,如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。而表示使役动词和感官动词后面的宾语补足语时应省去to,(在被动语态中应加上to)。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make,have,,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时,to可有可无)”。 四、动词不定式作状语

初中英语:谈疑问词+动词不定式的用法

谈疑问词+动词不定式的用法 在英语中,疑问词+动词不定式的用法较为普遍,现在将其归纳如下: “疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑问代词what which who和疑问副词when how where 等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,这种结构在句子中除了不能作谓语外,可做主语、宾语、表语等。例如: 1. She didn’t know which bus to take.她不知乘哪路公共汽车。(做动词宾语) We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。(做介词宾语) 2. When to start remains undecided.何时出发,尚未决定。(做主语) 3. The difficulty is how to do the most of work with the least of money.困难是如何尽量少用钱多办事。(做表语) 这种结构相当于一个名词从句,不论它在句子中做什么成分,常常都可用同等成分的从句替代。改为从句时只要在疑问词后面填加一个适当的主语并将不定式动词改为适当形式的谓语既可。所以上述几句可分别改成: She didn’t know which bus she should take. We must first solve the problem of whom we should serve. When we should start remains undecided. The difficulty is how we ought to do the most of word with the least of money. 当这种结构做宾语的时候,常常置于show, find out, learn, teach, tell, advise, wonder, know, discuss, remember, forget, explain 等动词之后。例如:The dictionary didn’t tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word . 那本词典没有告诉那个法国人怎样读那个词。 The teacher showed us how to read a book. . 老师指点我们怎样读书。 She hore I’ll advise her which to choose. 她希望我建议她选择哪一个。 You’d better find out where to put these pens. 你最好了解一下应把这些钢笔放在哪里。 另外,值得注意的是在动词know 的后面一般用带疑问词的不定式做宾语: 误:I know to say them in English. 正:I know how to say them in English. 在下面的句子中,含有“疑问词+动词不定式”结构的,其中的told 有taught的意思,不含有这种结构的,其中的told 有ordered 的意思。例如: The professor told the students how to do the experiment. 这位教授教学生们如何做实验。 The professor told the students to do the experiment at once.

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