议论文的框架
(1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known
that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think
that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows:
in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it
goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people
hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It
is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more
________.
(2)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact,
there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is
widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And
secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no
exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In
addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and
reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a
better use of the ____讨论议题___.
( 3 ) 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really
an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some
measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all,
__途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various
ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say,
____方法_____.
( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and
value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can
be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of
importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of
people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The
more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
在备考英语四级的过程中，各位考生不仅要注意词汇的积累，句型的掌握，还要注意标点符号的正确使用。
冒号的用法
冒号表示停顿，其停顿时间比分号长比句号短。它可用逗号，有时也可用句号代替。尽管现在冒号的使用不如50到75年前频繁，但现在它使用仍很方便，因为它告诉读者其后仍是对上文进一步的陈述。冒号还能产生轻微的戏剧效果。
冒号常用于引出一个词、短语、或完整的句子(子句)来强调，举例解释，或证明刚才所说过的内容。
注意：冒号之后的词可用大写也可用小写字母开头。如果冒号之后的词是另一个完整句子的开始，则用大写字母开头。反之，如果冒号之后的词只是句子的一部分，则用小写字母开头。
例 May I offer you a suggestion: don’t drive without your seat belts fastened.
The thought continued to perplex him: Where will I go next?
用于引出一连串用来解释或强调已叙述过的内容。如：
In the basement, he kept some equipment for his experiments: the test tubes, some chemical
agents, three sun-lamps, and the drill.
冒号后常为缩排且不用引号、与全文分离的长引文。
President Jiang Zemin enjoys quoting the first line of Lincoln’s Gettysburg address:
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,
conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
精典范例
There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is
getting it.
--英国作家Oscar Wide
写作时，切忌这样写：
The four major reasons for the landslide victory were: the candidate’s personal popularity,
the enthusiastic support of his party, his stand on budget issues, and the general mood of the nation.
这样用的问题在哪?问题出在冒号用于动词were之后，你可能在英语为母语的人写的报纸或流行刊物中见到这类用法，但它在学术写作中不被大学教师所接受。 在学术论文中，主语补足语或直接宾语应紧跟在冒号之后。主语补足语的修饰词(obvious)使原本存在句子中的问题得到解决：冒号不应紧跟在动词之后。
上面例题中，取得压倒性胜利的四个原因是明显的：the candidate’s personal popularity,
the enthusiastic support of his party, his stand on budget issues, and the general mood of the nation.
破折号的用法
用于表示句子正常语序中突然或出人意料的中断。如果意义明确，它也可用于代替括弧或逗号。通常，破折号特别强调它所隔开的部分。
破折号常用于对一长项已表达过的内容进行总结。
例 The day was the longest in her life - or so it seemed to her.
Could you - I hate to ask! - help me with these dishes?
When we left town - a day never to be forgotten - they had a record snowfall.
Most of the paintings in the gallery - in fact all but one - were done in the early 19th century.
What he lacked in intelligence - and he lacked a good deal - he made up for in physical
strength.
