1．1考试概况简介
09年部分
柱状图（bar chart）12次
表格图（table）9次
曲线图(line chart) 9次
饼状图(pie ) 4次
混合图 7次
非数据图（包括地图和流程图） 4次
10年部分
线图：1次（9月4日）
柱状：9次（最近11次5次）
饼状：6次
表格：7次
非数据图：7次（5次地图）
之后考试的备考方略
1曲线饼状是基础2 柱状表格要加强3 谨防地图来偷袭
TA 趋势，数据，不可评论task achievement
CC 正确多样的关联词连接趋势和数据coherence& cohesion
LR 词汇准确与多样lexical resource
GRA 时态，句型grammatical accuracy
1.2小作文：
1.2.1一条曲线
Number of full-time teachers of regular schools (in millions) in China (1960---1990)
1.2.2任务：要求学生试将上图描述出。描写之前提醒要注意的细节：①所谓趋势描写就是把曲线分段，分别描写各段的上升，下降和保持不变等趋势，然后再用关联词把这些线段连接起来。具体来说，在分段以后。需要选句型，选词汇，选关联②图的描述需要数据支持，就是描述升降变化的起点和终点的数值。例如：（根据上图）
1960年正规学校中全职教师的数量是500万，1962年的是300万。
The number of teachers of regular schools decreased from 5milion in 1960 to 3million in 1962.③除了流程图和示意图，其他任何图都不可以画蛇添足，也就是不可以有任何的解释。
1.2.3讲解:①每一段特征的描述的讲解
大上升rise 、increase、grow、ascend、go up (to +数字) （v.）
Sharply substantially dramatically massively overwhelmingly markedly hugely enormously considerably (adv.) ( jump, surge, shoot up, soar, rocket
转化为名词there is a sharp increase
小上升v.同上upward tendency
Slightly marginally relatively steadily moderately
大下降fall drop decrease decline reduce descend (to+数字) plummet, plunge, slump, collapse 同大上升（adv）
小下降v 同上
同小下降（adv）
保持平稳remain stable/ constant /flat, level out / off ,stabilize,
名词 a leveling off , little/no change
波动fluctuate , rise and fall, go up and down, vary, (between…and…)
阶梯状上升an even increase, increase evenly
最高点the peak, summit, summit, climax
动词reach/ achieve, arrive at , peak at, summit at
最低点bottom
动词fall to the lowest point at, bottom out at
②首段的写法(改题目加上趋势描述)
改题目一张图，两张图（可用主动加被动）
③关联词的应用
连接个步骤Afterwards, subsequently, from this onwards=then, eventually
两图之间的转换副词In/by contrast, in comparison, similarly
介词Compared to, unlike, as to, as for
相同点similarly, likewise, in the same way, again, also, like（介词）
不同点介词unlike, different from 连词while, whereas 副词however, conversely, ④句型的转换
1.The population of China increased.
2.There was an increase in the population of China.
3.China saw/experienced/witnessed an increase in population.
4.An increase in population was seen in China.
1.2.4 一条曲线到多条曲线的描写思路讲义p97
1.2.5 看图做口头练习。※要求在描述的过程中也要学会分析图表，择取有效信息
1、The graph below compares the number of visits to two new music sites on the web.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
model answer:
The graph shows people using new music places on the Internet in fifteen days period of time namely personal choice and trendy pop music.
The overall trend shows fluctuation with slight Increased towards the end of the period.
Starting with Music Choice websites; 40,000 people went on this new site on first-day. Half of them backed out the next day. In Contrast to this Pop Parade net sites were visited by 120,000 music lovers on day one which decreased slightly on the next day thereafter regaining the same fame on 3rd day.
After 3rd day the enthusiasm for both music lines on Internet dropped slowly- reaching maximum fall of 40,000 on 7th day. Whereas Music choice gained popularity, slightly Improving to get the original strength of 30,000 viewers on screen, but was getting still less visitors than their opponent Pop group i.e. 40,000 on day 7.
In the beginning of the next week both gained remarkable recovery after a few fluctuations
for 8th and 9th day having 40,000 and 50,000 visitors respectively, reaching to their peaks of one and a half thousand new viewers for Pop Parade on 11th day showing a contrast of very few people visiting Music choice for the same day. Thereafter Music choice gained popularity on 12th day for having more than 120,000 new visitors on web.
In the end of the period Pop sites were visited by maximum viewers of 180,000 whereas sites located to Music choice were not explored by more than 80,000 explorers on the last day of the report.
2、The graph below shows UK acid emissions, measured in millions of toones, from four different sectors between 1990and 2007.
Here's my approach to describing a graph like this:
1. Introduction: Do it fast, just paraphrase the question
2. Summary paragraph: I'd describe the overall change from 1990 to 2007 (ie.acid rain emissions fell) then point out the biggest change (electricity, gas, water sector)
3. Details (one or two paragraphs): Compare the 4 sectors in 1990, a year in the middle (e.g. 1997), then in 2007. You could also point out the small increase in one sector compared to the decrease in the others.
Here's my answer. I've written 169 words, but I had to miss out a lot of information. It's impossible to describe every small detail; just choose a few main points and make some comparisons.
The line graph compares four sectors in terms of the amount of acid rain emissions that they produced over a period of 17 years in the UK.
It is clear that the total amount of acid rain emissions in the UK fell considerably between 1990 and 2007. The most dramatic decrease was seen in the electricity, gas and water supply sector.
In 1990, around 3.3 million tonnes of acid rain emissions came from the electricity, gas and water sector. The transport and communication sector was responsible for about 0.7 million tonnes of emissions, while the domestic sector produced around 0.6 million tonnes. Just over 2 million tonnes of acid rain gases came from other industries.
Emissions from electricity, gas and water supply fell dramatically to only 0.5 million tonnes in 2007, a drop of almost 3 million tonnes. While acid rain gases from the domestic sector and other industries fell gradually, the transport sector saw a small increase in emissions, reaching a peak of 1 million tonnes in 2005.
1.2.5 assignment
剑5
2.1 复习。单词，句型小测。（利用下图中的曲线图）
2.2饼图
2.2.1讲解
The chart and graph below give information about sales and share prices for Coca-Cola.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
?You should write at least 150 words.
?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
2.2.2 饼图写法
关于“占有”的表达
最大比率 the biggest (largest) percentage/ amount / proportion
最大部分 the biggest (largest) part /portion/ section/ component/ sector/ division/segment
最小 the smallest (slightest)
一张图的思路最多三项，最少三项分别占，加起来占
写法和图见讲义 p98
2.2.3 混合图的写法
2.2．4 两张饼的思路讲义p98
2.2.5 口头练习（要求:找趋势，讲句子）
1、Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.
?You should write at least 150 words.
?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
model answer:
The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996.
Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together they comprised over half of household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996.
Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%.
Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years.
In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out were made up for by drops in expenditure on food and books.
2、Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.
You should write at least 150 words.
model answer:
In this analysis we will examine three pie charts. The first one is headed ‘World Spending.’ The second is ‘World Population’ and the third is ‘Consumption of Resources.’
In the first chart we can see that people spend most of their income (24%) on food. In some countries this percentage would obviously be much higher. Transport and then housing are the next major expenses at 18% and 12% respectively. Only 6% of income is spent on clothing.
In the second chart entitled ‘World Population’, it is not surprising to find that 57% of people live in Asia. In fact China and India are two of the most populated countries in the world and they are both situated on this continent. Europe and the Americans account for nearly 30% of the total, whilst 10% of people live in Africa.
Finally, the third chart reveals that the USA and Europe consume a huge 60% of the world’s resource.
To sum up, the major expenditure is on food, the population figures are the highest for Asia and the major consumers are the USA and Europe.
2.2.6 assignment 剑 7 （要复印）
3.1 复习单词，句型小测用图进行
3.2 柱状图（看以下两组柱状图的区别和联系，顺便复习混合图）
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph below. You should write at least 150 words.
The graphs compare the number of deaths caused by six diseases in Someland in 1990 with the amount of research funding allocated to each of those diseases. It can be clearly seen that the amount of research funding in many cases did not correlate with the seriousness of the disease in terms of numbers of deaths. In 1990 there were around 0.2 million deaths from AIDS, 0.1 million deaths from leprosy, 0.3 million deaths from tropical diseases, 0.5 million deaths from diarrhoea, 0.4 million deaths from malaria and 1.8 million deaths from TB.
These figures can be contrasted with the amount of funding allocated for each disease. In 1990 AIDS received 180 million dollars in research funding, leprosy 80 million dollars in research funding, tropical diseases 79 million dollars in research funding, diarrhoea 60 million dollars in research funding, malaria 50 million dollars and TB 20 million dollars in research funding.
In conclusion it is clear that funding allocation for disease research in Someland is not wholly determined by the number of deaths for which each disease is responsible in a given year.
The chart below gives information about global sales of games software, CDs and DVD or video.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information.
?You should write at least 150 words.
?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart shows the changes in the sales of video material / DVDs, games software and CDs around the world in billions of dollars over a three-year period. It can be seen that the sales of videos / DVDs and games software have increased, while the sales of CDs have gone down slightly.
Between 2000 and 2003, the sale of videos and DVDs rose by approximately 13 billion dollars. In 2000, just under 20 billion dollars worth of these items were sold, but in 2003, this figure had risen to a little over 30 billion dollars.
The sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply. Sales increased from about 13 billion dollars in 2000 to just under 20 billion do llars
three years later. By contrast, during the same time period, the sale of CDs fell from 35 billion dollars in 2000 to about 32.5 billion dollars in 2003.
第一张图先看其中的上半张，通过对比发现，两张虽然都是混合图，但是写法却有些不一样，经过总结可得出当柱状图描述的是同一项目在不同时期内的变化的时候可采用曲线中上升下降的方式去写，如果不是，则是用饼图的方法写。
3.3 讲解其中一副图（由学生找趋势）
3.4 练习
You should write at least 150 words.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
model answer:
The chart shows CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre for various methods of transport in the European Union while the pie chart shows European Union spending on transport. Flying by air produces by far the greatest CO2 emissions, approximately three times as much as passenger cars which are the next largest producers. Very little is spent by the EU on air travel while roads make up more than half of the EU transport budget.
Trains produce about three times less CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre than passenger cars and eight times less than air travel. Nearly a third of EU transport funds are spent on railways.
Ships are a clean form of transport and produce about the same amount of CO2 per passenger kilometre as trains do. However, only 2 percent of EU funds are spent on ports.
A further one percent is spent on inland waterways.
Coaches are the cleanest form of transport. Emissions of CO2 per passenger kilometre from coaches are half those of buses. Buses emit less than half as much CO2 per passenger kilometre as cars. The European Union spends 10 percent of its transport budget on public transport, such as buses and coaches.
3.5 assignment 剑3 （要复印）
4.1 小测
You should write at least 150 words.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
model answer:
The diagrams show data for a flu epidemic which hit a large country town in 1996. Figure 1 gives the number of persons who died; Figure 2 shows the percentage breakdown of females who received a new flu vaccine; and Figure 3 gives the number of cases of flu before and during the epidemic.
In Figure 1 it can be seen that the flu was responsible for the deaths of 2 females but no males in the period from March to May. However, from June to August, there were 4 female deaths and 1 male death.
According to the pie chart in Figure 2, only those females most at risk were given the new flu vaccine; 28% did not take part in the trial. Of those females who took part, 35% were aged (over 65 years old); 24% were babies or children; and 13% were either hospitalised or receiving other medical attention.
From Figure 3 it is clear that the new vaccine had a positive effect on the number of new cases of flu reported in females. There were just over 1000 cases reported in March, climbing rapidly to a peak of 3500 in June. Thereafter, the number of cases dropped slowly to about 2800 in August, before levelling off at 2500 for the rest of the year. For males, the figures were lower but showed a similar trend throughout the epidemic.
4.2 表格（讲解）
大家花30秒钟时间审题，会发现其实就是多线图的写法。好像还是个7线图。先写谁呢？当然是total。
参考范文
开头段：转述原文
The table shows changes in the spending patterns of an average Australian household between 1999 and 2001.
中间段
总体趋势
In general, Australian household spending was higher in 2001 than in 1991 but the difference was not significant (AUD $715 per month and AUD$675 per month).
上升
The amount of monthly spending on electricity and water saw a dramatic increase over the 10-year period from 75$ to $ 120. Yet in terms of the expenditure on nonessential goods and services, the rising trend was less obvious with a minor increase of $20.
At the same time, the amount of money spent on food and housing rose only slightly from $155 to $160 and $95 and $100 respectively.
下降
However, there was a decrease in expenditure on the other two items. Australians spend one third less on clothing, which fell from $30 to $20. Similarly, expenditure on transport dropped from $70 in 1991 to $45 in 2001.
总结
It seems that food and other goods services were the two biggest items of expenditure. Altogether, they accounted for more than half of the total household spending. By comparison, Australians spent little on dressing up.
4.3 练习口头
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the table below. You should write at least 150 words.
model answer:
The table shows how people in different age groups spend their leisure time in Someland over the course of a year. It can be clearly seen that the amount of leisure time available varies considerably across the age groups and that people of different age levels have very different ways of spending their leisure time.
According to the figures, as people age in Someland their social lives reduce. Teenagers and people in their twenties spend on average 500 hours per year on socialising and 350 hours of that time is with a group of more than 4 people. Although the total hours of socialising in their 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is fairly constant (between 300-350), socialising with more than 4 people drops dramatically to 50 hours in the 30s and 40s age groups and only 25 from 50 years old. Group and individual exercise follow a similar pattern.
People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time on entertainment such as TV/video viewing and cinema. In both cases, teenagers and retired people spend around twice as much time as those who are at working age. Home entertainment ranges from just over a thousand hours for teenagers and retired people and an average of 600 hours for everyone else. Cinema accounts for 100 hours of the teenagers and retired people’s leisure time and 25-50 hours for the rest.
In conclusion we can see there is a significant trend towards solitary and smaller group activities as people grow older and that teenagers and retired people spend a lot more time on entertainment than those of working age do.
4.4 assignment 剑7（复印）
5.1 复习讲评上次小测内容
5.2 流程图的写法，根据下图做简介以及提示。由学生自行分析
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The diagram below shows the process by which bricks are manufactured for th e building industry.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and ma ke comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
Brick manufacturing
* Clay: type of sticky earth that is used for making bricks, pots, etc.
【满分范文】
The process by which bricks are manufactured for the building industry can be outlined in seven consecutive steps. First the raw material, clay, which was just below the surface of soil in certain clay-rich areas has to be dug up by a digger.
Then the lumps of clay are placed on a metal grid in order to break up the big chunks of clay into much smaller areas, which fall through the metal grid onto a roller, whose motion further segregates the bits of clay. Sand and water are added to make a homogenous