必修二第四单元
Ⅰ .词汇短语过关
1.respond vi.回答,答复;响应,作出反应
response n. 回答,回复;反应
respond to sb./sth回.答 (比 answer, reply to正式 )
respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用??回应某人 (事)
respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分 )对医药有良好反应
response to sb./sth. 对(人 /物)的回答 /回复 /反应 in
response to 作为对??的反应
[ 即学即练 1]
(1)They still haven't ____________ my letter.
他们至今仍没有回我的信。
(2)He ____________ my suggestion ________ a laugh/______ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。
(3)His illness didn't ____________ treatment by drugs.
他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。
(4)My mother opened the door ____________________ the knock, but there was no
one outside.
听到敲门声后,我妈妈打开了门,但外面一个人都没有。
responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to
2.certain adj. 确定的;无疑的;某 (种 )
(1)作“某 (种)”讲时,同义于some.但 some 前不加冠词。
for a certain reason= for some reason 由于某种原因
certain professors=some professors 某些教授
a certain amount of time 相当一段时间
(2)作“确信的,有把握的”讲时,同义于sure.但是 certain 的主语既可以是人,也可用于 It is certain that...句型,而sure 主语只能是人。
“ be certain/sure+从句” (人)有把握 /确信?? (表示主语的信念 )
be certain/sure of/about sth. 人()确信 (表示主语的信念 )
be certain/sure to do sth. 必定 /肯定会做某事 (主语常为二、三人称,表示说话人
的信念 )
“ make certain/sure+从句”弄清楚 /确保??
make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚
for certain/sure 确定地,确切地 (做状语 )
It is certain that... 一定会?? (不能用sure)
[ 即学即练 2]
(1)There was _________________ in his manner他.的态度有点冷淡。
(2)Are you ____________________ it?你对此有把握吗?
(3)He is __________________ his duty他.肯定会尽职。
(4)_________________ he has wronged me我.确信他冤枉了我。
(5)_________________ their team will win the match他.们队肯定会赢得比赛。
a certain coldness,certain about/of,certain to do ,I ’ m certain
that ,It ’ s certain that
3.contain vt. 包含;容纳 (=hold);抑制 (= control)
[ 即学即练 3]
(1)His paper ___________ no mistakes at all.
他的试卷没有一点错误。
(2)Orange juice ____________ things which help keep you healthy.
橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。
(3)This bottle ___________ two glasses of beer.
这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。
(4)He couldn't ____________ for joy.他不胜欢喜。
contained,contains ,contains,contain himself
4.affect vt.影响;感动; (疾病 )侵袭
be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动
be affected by heat/cold 中暑 /着凉
be affected with high fever发高烧
[ 即学即练 4]
(1)The amount of rain ______ the growth of crops降.雨量直接影响庄稼生长。
(2)One of her lungs ____________ a little so that she has to rest她.的一叶肺有些感染,所以她不得不休息。
(3)The audience ____________________ by his speech.
听众被他的演讲深深打动了。
affects ,is affected ,were deeply affected
5.appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激;喜欢
appreciation n. 欣赏;感激
appreciate sth. (thank sb.)感激某事或某人
appreciatedoing sth感.激做某事
one/one's doing sth感.激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果??,我将不胜感激。
[ 即学即练 5]
(1)He highly __________________________.
他非常感谢他的帮助。
(2)We shall ___________________________ you again.
我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。
(3)I really ____________________________ to the party.
你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。
(4)I would ______________________ you could help me.
如果你能帮助我,我将不胜感激。
appreciated his help
appreciate hearing from
appreciate your coming
appreciate it if
6.succeed v.成功
success n. [U]成功;成就[C] 成功的人或事
successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
succeed in doing sth.
have success in doing sth.
be successful in doing sth成.功做某事
achieve great success取得巨大的成功
sb./sth. is a success成功的人或事
[ 即学即练 6]
(1)We all _____________________ the mid- term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。
(2)Failure is the mother of __________失.败是成功之母。
(3)He was _________________________ as a novelist.
他是非常成功的小说家。
succeeded in passing ,success , a success
7.harm vt. & n .损害;危害
harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to= do harm to
do sb. harm= do harm to sb对.??有害
There is no harm in doing sth.
=It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.
做某事是个好主意 (或没有坏处 )。
[ 即学即练 7]
(1)The dog seems fierce, but it won’ t ______ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶,但它不会伤害任何人。
(2)Fruit juice can ______________________ children’ s teeth.
果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
(3)He may say no, but ___________________________ asking他.可能拒绝,但问一问也无妨。
harm ,be harmful to,there is no harm in
8.die out 灭亡,逐渐消失
die out 绝种,灭绝;熄灭; (风俗、习惯等 )逐渐消失
die off(家族、种族等 )相继死亡; (草木 )先后枯死 die
away(声音、光线、风等 )渐弱,渐息,平息
die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等 )渐弱,渐息; (声音 )静下来
die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等
die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死
[ 即学即练 8]
(1) Scientists said that those plants ______ a century ago.
科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。
(2) Many old customs ___________________________.
许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。
(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will ______________.
如果暴风雪不停息,牲畜就要死掉了。
(4)Open the air hole; the fire is ___________________.
把气孔打开,火要熄了。
died out ,are dying out ,die off ,dying down
(5)Every winter some old people _______________ hypothermia.
每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。
(6)Nowadays many people ________________ cancer.
现在有很多人死于癌症。
die from,die of
9.in danger (of...)处于危险之中
out of danger 脱离危险
[ 即学即练 9]
(1)The drowned girl was obviously
_________________________.
很明显,那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。
(2)The old house is _________________ collapse.
那所老房子有倒塌的危险。
(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _________________.
他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。
in immediate danger,in danger of,out of danger
拓展:与in/out of 搭配的短语
in order 有秩序
in sight 看得见
in trouble 在困境中
in line 成行 (队 )
in place 适合 /当
in fashion 时尚 out of order 出故障 (机器等工作不正常 )
out of sight 看不见
out of trouble 摆脱困境
out of line 不成一直线
out of place 不合适
out of fashion 过时
10.protect...from/against... 保护??免受?? (的伤害 )
defend...from/against...保卫??以抵制??
keep sb. from doing
stop sb. (from) doing
prevent sb. (from) doing 阻止某人做
[ 即学即练 10]
(1)Young plants should be well ______________ the cold.
幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。
(2)The hen ___________ its young ___________ being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。
(3)Everyone should take up arms to __________ our country from invasion.
每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。
(4)Nothing can ______ us ______ realizing our dreams.
什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。
protected from,protected,against,defend,
stop,from
提示: (1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似,有时可互换。但是,对于较
大的事情,如:敌人的入侵、天灾等,常用protect against, 对于较小的事情常用protect from.
(2) 在 protect...from/against... 结构中, from 和 against 后面常跟 sth.,有时against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。
(3)主动句中 prevent/stop...from...中的 from 可省略,在被动句中 from 不可省略,而keep...from...中的 from 无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。
11. pay attention to 注意
Attention, please! 请注意!(演讲用语 )
(=May I have your attention, please?)
attract/catch/draw/get one's attention to吸引某人的注意
fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on 将注意力集中于
devote one's attention to 专心致志于
call one's attention to 唤起某人对??的注意
提示:以上短语中的to、on 都是介词,其后接名词、代词或动名词。
[ 即学即练 11]
(1)She ______________________________ her appearance.
她很注重外表。
(2)A great deal of attention has been ______________ protecting the environment.
人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。
paid much attention to,paid to
12.come into being 出现;形成;产生
bring...into being 使形成;使产生
for the time being 暂时;眼下
[ 即学即练 12]
(1)We don't know when the universe ________________________.
我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。
(2)Such a custom ______________________ long ago.
这种风俗很久以前就有了。
came into being,came into being
提示:come into being 是不及物动词短语,无被动形式,无进行时。类似短语有:come into power 当权
come into effect 生效
come into action 开始行动
come into office 就职
come into sight 看得见
come into use 开始使用
易错点拨自我完善 ?误区备考
1.contain/include
(1)contain 意为“包含,含有,容纳,里面装有”,指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分。其宾语与主语常是同位关系,不用于进行时态。
(2)include 意为“包含;连??在内,计入,算入,包括”,只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分,其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分。常用“ including +被包括部分”或“被包括部分+ included”。如:
Many people like tennis, including me/me included. 许多人喜欢网球,也包括我 /我也在内。
[ 应用 1]用contain和include的适当形式填空。
(1)The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _____________
a lot of fruit and green vegetables.
(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _____________ old people.
(3)The __________ can __________ 100 litres of water.
includes ,including ,container ,contain
2. affect/effect/influence
(1)affect 常做及物动词,“影响,感动,感染”。
(2)effect 常做名词,“结果,效果,作用,影响”,常用于词组:have an effect on/upon sb. 对??有影响, take effect 生效,实行, come/go into effect 开始生效,开始
实施。
(3)influence 可做动词也可做名词,表示“影响、感染”的意思时,是指使思想、行为、性质或发展和成长等发生变化的影响。它可以指坏的影响,也可以指好的影响,这种影响常常是潜移默化的。
[ 应用 2](1)Probably we ______________ each other.
(2)To _________ a policy is to have an _________ on it.
influenced,affect,effect
高效作业自我测评 ?技能备考Ⅰ .
单词拼写
1.This hat will give p_____________ against the hot sun.
2.My wallet c______________ two hundred yuan and my passport was lost when I was shopping.
3.Mrs Brown's dog b______ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers
yesterday afternoon.
4.Both bees and butterflies belong to i__________.
5.The mother is r________ her baby against mosquitoes.
6.You'd better __________存(留 ) the money for future need.
7.We'll go _____________(打猎 ) tomorrow.
8.We greatly ___________感(谢,感激 ) your timely help.
9.She turned her ____________注(意力 ) to new problems.
10.The dog looks __________ 凶(恶 ). You'd better keep away from it.
Ⅱ .单项选择
1.The driver was at ______ loss when ______ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
A. a; the B./; /C. the; the D.a; /
2.It is______that his English is______perfect.
A. sure; very B. right; rather C. exact; fairly D. certain; quite
3.Stop ______ this kind of snakes. They are ______.
A. hunting; dying out B.to hunt; dying out
C. hunting; dying away D.to hunt; dying down
4.I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ______ I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as B .as a result C.in case D. so that
5. Are you driving to the airport, sir? I'd appreciate ______ if you could give me a
lift.
A. that B. you C.this D.it
6.More attention should be ______ equipment in our factory so that we can increase our production.
A . paid to improving
B . paid to improve
C . taken to improve D. taken to improving
7.- How many passengers were in the plane?
-It ______ 100, 20 Chinese ______.
A. contained; included
B.contained; including
C. included; contained
D. contained; containing
8.The disease failed to______to the new drugs the doctor applied.
A. respond B. turn C. reply D .refer
9.Much ______ by the story of Cong Fei,I am also determined to be a volunteer worker.
A. affected B.appreciated C.admired D.effected
10.There may be kinds of infectious (传染的 ) diseases in public places. You should keep your children______to the places where people are crowded.
A. not go B. not to go C.going D.from going
11.After a heated discussion at the meeting, a new plan came ______ being, which would have a great effect ______the cultural life of the people.
A. into; for B.to; to C. from; at D.into; on
12.Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be ______ the Chinese football
team enters the final stage of the World Cup.
A. when B.since C. before D. until
13.She was knocked ______ by a car and now was still ______.
A.down; in danger B.off; dangerous C.down; dangerous D.off; in danger
14.— Excuse me, what time is it now?
— Sorry, my watch ______. It ______ at the shop.
A. isn't working; is being repaired
B.doesn't work; is being repaired
C. isn't working; is repaired
D. doesn't work; is repaired
15.— My car started up at last.
— You should have it repaired ______ it's working now.
A. as long as B .as though C.even though D. in case
protection,containing,bit,insects,rubbing reserve,hunting ,appreciate ,attention ,fierce
1.答案: D 解析:考查冠词。 at a loss 迷惘不知所措,且 word 指“消息”时,无
冠词。
2 答案: D 解析:考查 It is certain that...句式, quite 是副词“相当”,修饰形容词perfect.句意为:“他的英语相当好,这是真的。”
3 答案: A 解析: stop doing “停止做某事”,而 stop to do 表示“停下来去做某事”。第二空 die out “灭绝”。
4 答案: D 解析:句意为:“我想早到 20 分钟,目的是为了我能有时间喝杯茶”。so that 引导目的状语从句。
5 答案: D 解析:语意:先生,你是开车去机场吗?如果你能载我一程,我将非
常感激。根据语意可知, it 为形式宾语,代替真正的宾语if you could give me a lift.
6 答案: A 解析:考查pay attention to doing sth的.被动结构。
7 答案: A 解析: contain 容纳,包含; include 包括。第二空用sb./sth. included 或including sb./sth.。
8 答案: A 解析: respond to 起反应,回答,响应; turn to 转向; reply to 回信,对??作出回答,对??作出反应;refer to 提及
9 答案: A 解析:表示“受到??的影响”,且在句中做状语,用affected.
10 答案: D 解析: keep sb./sth. from doing sth意.思是“阻止 (人或物 )做某事”,其中介词 from 不能省
11 答案:D 解析:考查短语 come into being “形成”和have an effect on“对??有
影响”。
12 答案:C 解析:考查句型“it will be +一段时间+ before...“”多久以后,才??”。
13 答案: A 解析: knock down 撞倒; knock...off... 把??从??上撞下来; in danger 处于危险中; dangerous 危险的。
14 答案: B 解析:考查动词的时态和语态。第一空用一般现在时说明实际情况;
第二空用现在进行时态的被动形式表示此时的状态
15 答案:C 解析:句意为“即使车还能工作,你也应该把它修一修”。even though
= even if 引导让步状语从句,意为“即使”。