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中学生科普英语趣味阅读

中学生科普英语趣味阅读
中学生科普英语趣味阅读

中学生科普英语趣味阅读

I. 生物篇

Biomes

(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the artic le)

Para 1

1. ecosystem 生态系统

2. interact with 与……相互作用

How does he interact with his kids?

他和孩子是怎么交流的?

Para 2

3. distinctive 独特的

4. thrive 兴旺,繁荣,成功

e.g. The real estate business is thriving.

房地产生意兴隆。

Para 3

5. marine 海的,海生的,海产的

6. coral reef 珊瑚礁

7. regulate 管理,控制;调整,调节

e.g. Private schools regulate the bahaviour of students.

私立学校规范学生行为。

regulation n. 规章,规则;调整

8. habitat 栖息地,产地

9. diverse 不同的,多种多样的

Para 6

10. mate (with)(鸟、兽)交配

11. whisker (一根)须,似须物

(II) Notes to sentences

Para 2

Each biome has a distinctive combination of life forms that can thrive in its particular conditions.

每个生物群系有独特的、在其特殊情况下欣欣向荣的生命形态组合。Tundra

(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the artic le)

Para 2

12. moss 苔藓,泥沼

13. permafrost 永久冻土层

Para 3

14. musk oxen 牛

15. arctic hare 北极兔

16. snow owl 雪鹰

17. lemming 旅鼠

Para 4

18. altitude 高度,海拔Para 5

19. kea 肉食大鹦鹉

Para 6

20. vegetation 植被

(II) Notes to sentences

Para 4

The lower areas do not have permafrost, and soils are gener ally more suited to plants.

低洼地区没有永久冻土层,而且土壤也更适合植物生长。

Forest Biomes

(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the artic le)

Para 1

1. approximately 大约,近似地

Para 12

2. emergent 出现的,紧急的(学过 emerge; emergency)

3. exotic 外来的,异国的

Para 14

4. gorilla 大猩猩

5. abundant 丰富的,充裕的

(II) Notes to the sentences

Para 2

The forests are home to evergreen trees.

森林是常青树的生息地。

Para 3

As a result, the needles are dark in color, so they absorb what little light falls on their surface.

结果,针叶的颜色变黑,他们吸收了照在表面上的那一点点光线。Para 7

New leaves capture the enrgy of the sun and sprout quickly before the tall trees grow too thick to let sun reach them. 新绿的树叶吸收了太阳的能量并在高大树木长得太茂密而无法让阳光照到他们之前迅速开花。

Grassland and Desert Biomies

(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the artic le)

Para 3

1. tramping -- tramp 践踏;步行

2. creeping stems 匍匐茎

Para 4

3. the Arabian Peninsula 阿拉伯半岛

4. the Asian subcontinent 亚洲次大陆

Para 6

5. evaporate 蒸发;失去水分

Marine and Freshwater Biomes

(I) Vocabulary (not including those at the end of the artic le)

Para 3

1. breach 突破

Para 4

2. ferocious-looking 看起来凶猛的

Para 6

3. cling (to rocks) 紧贴;附着

4. trout 鳟鱼

Para 7

5. algae 水藻,海藻

6. glide 滑行;滑翔;溜走

(II) Notes to sentences

Para 4

Deep-sea fish typically have big mouths, long sharp teeth, and stomachs that stretch to swallow prey whole.

深海鱼典型的特点是:大嘴巴、长尖牙,胃大得足以把猎物整个吞下。II. 哺乳动物篇

Adaptable Mammals

(I) Vocabulary

(II)Notes to difficult sentences

1. If the total number of species for the major animal groups are com pared , mammals, with about 4000 species, are last.

如果与主要的动物群的物种数量相比,哺乳动物只有4000种,位居最后。

2. Finally,there are humans, whose very dominance is based partly on their ability to walk on hind limbs alone.

最后,就有了人类,而人类的绝对优势一定程度上在于他们单独依靠后肢行走的能力。

(Edited by Shao Chongwen)

Diet and home for mammals

I. Vocabulary

II. Notes to difficult sentences

1. Species that are not closely tied to one food source or method o

f eatin

g have the best chance for continued survival and adaptation.

那些不受食物来源和捕食方法束缚的物种往往最能持久地适应与幸存下来。

2. It varies in design from a single hole to a complicated network of underground tunnels.

这些地洞构造上从简单的洞到复杂的地下“隧道”网络各不相同。(Edited by Shao Chongwen)

Social organization

I. V ocabulary

II. Notes to difficult sentences

1. Groups of mammals that do not seem to maintain any particular order when feeding or moving about are, in fact, highly organized. 哺乳动物群落看似在进食与移动时不保持特别次序,事实上他们是非常有组织性的。

2. This arrangement is to be adopted to make sure that if a predat or threatens a member of the troop from any direction, it will first have to encounter the strongest members: adult males.

采用这个安排是为了确保当天敌从任何一个方位威胁到群落中的成员时,它将首先遭遇最强的群落成员:成年雄性猩猩。

(Edited by Shao Chongwen; supervised by Spring) Elephants

I. V ocabulary

(By Shao Chongwen)

III. 现代技术篇

Technology Used in Medical Field

2. Notes to difficult sentences

1) For example, vaccines can control and even eradicate diseases tha t in the past eliminated entire populations.

比如,疫苗能够控制甚至根除那些在过去能使全部感染者身亡的疾病。

2) A vaccine is a medicine that contains a weak form of a disease th at people can fight off to develop immunity to the actual disease, 疫苗是一种能够通过控制疾病处于较弱状态而使类能够自行抵抗并对现行的疾病提高免疫力的药物。

(By Shao Chongwen)

Technology in daily life

II. Notes to difficult sentences

1) Other "torches" developed when people soaked dried reed plants into hot ,m elted animal fat.

其他的“火把”也在人类将芦苇浸泡于热的融化的动物油脂中应运而生了。

2) However,they had not developed anything even remotely practical for home use.

然而,他们却甚至连与家用还相当遥远的东西都没有发明出来。

3) It was the start of a flood of electrical inventions that later entered the ho me,including the television and the computer.

这是这些电器发明的潮流,包括电视和电脑,的开端,并在后来逐渐进入了家庭。

(By Shao Chongwen)

Technology for rescue

1.V ocabulary

2. Notes to difficult sentences

1) Innovative and advanced technology always served sea search an

d rescue, such as th

e rockets used to connect a cable to a stranded

vessel and which decades later caused a sensation as spectacular r ocket-driven engines for well-known car companies.

创新与先进的科技往往用于服务海上搜救活动,例如火箭过去常用电报与搁浅的船相连接而数十年之后这项技术才以惊人的火箭发射引擎为著名汽车公司服务的方式引起轰动。

2) This means the higher you go, the less weight they can carry—depending on the helicopter,maybe not even its own weight—and th e smaller the margin of error for the helicopter pilot and rescuers.

这就意味着你飞得越高,你能携带的重量就越少—这都取决于你乘坐的直升飞机,可能甚至因为飞机本身的重量而不能飞至某个高度—而飞机飞行员和救援者的误差幅度就会越小。

Cars

1.Vocabulary

2.Notes to difficult sentences

1) Automobiles,however, were seen as more of a novelty tha n genuinely useful.

然而,汽车在当时与其说是真实有用,不如说只是一种新奇的玩意。(to be continued)

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