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英语语法精讲精练与专项练习 (1)

英语语法精讲精练与专项练习 (1)
英语语法精讲精练与专项练习 (1)

1. 中文名与英文名:

【中文名】由两部分组成-----姓和名,如:Wang Lili一 ,Sun Wukong. 中文名用汉语拼音写成,姓和名要分开写,开头字母都大写。

英文名与中文名顺序恰好相反,名字在前,姓在后。如:

Jim Alan Green

First name Middle name Last name

︸ |

|

Given name(教名)Family name (姓氏)

【英文名】一般由三部分组成:首名(first name)、中名(middle name)和尾名(last name),其中first name 和middle name是后起的名字,也叫given name

(教名)。Last name 是家族沿用的名字,也叫family name.

【巧学妙记】先姓后名中文名,

汉语拼音直写成,

姓和名要分开写,

开头大写才能行。

英文名,大不同,

前面名字后面姓,

首名称呼最常用,

若要表示受尊重,

Mr.Mrs.Miss.Ms.姓前用

[专项演练]

()1.My full name is Jerry Harry Potter. My first name is_and my family name is_.

A .Jerry Harry

B .Jerry Potter

C .Potter Jerry

()2.I’m Tom Green. You can call (称呼) me_

A. Mr. Tom

B. Mr. Green

C. Green

2.物主代词:在英语中,表示“你的,我的,他的,她的,它的,你们的,我们的,他们的”等意义的代词形式就叫物主代词。物主代词是代词的所有格形式,用来表示物品的归属关系,即某物归某人所有。

【主格代词】在句中主要作主语,一般放在句首,说明是谁的情况。

I am a student.我是一名学生。

She is my sister.她是我的妹妹。

He is in China now.他现在在中国。

【物主代词】分为两类,形容词性物主代词作用相当于形容词,在句中用于修饰名词,如my name ,your phone number ,his ruler ,her schoolbag.

【巧学妙记】主格代词作主语,

放在句首说明谁,

I,

we ,you ,he ,she ,it ,they,

一共七个来打擂。

形物代词形容用,

说明某物归属谁,

my, ,our, your ,his, her, its ,their,

后有名词做累赘。

[专项演练]

1.用所给词的适当形式填空:

1.What’s _(you) name? _

(I)name is Helen.

2.This is my mother. _(she) name is Maria.

3.He is my teacher. _(he)

English is pretty good.

4.These are _ (I)books and those

are _ (they) computer games.

5._(we)teacher is Mr. Wang._

(he)mother is Liu Lili.

2. 单项选择:

()1. This isn’t _pen. It’s

_ pen .

A. my , her B . yours , hers

C. my ,yours

()2.Bill is doing _ homework(做

家庭作业).

A . her B. him

C. his

()3. I have a boy friend._name

is Bob. The bag is _.

A. Her ,hers

B. His ,his

C. He’s ,his

()4. What’s_telephone number?

It’s 1387457528.

A .his B. she’s

C. hers

()5._ name is Alice and _ name

is Eric.

A. His, her

B. Her, his

C. Her, her

1.指示代词

指示代词家族主要有四名成员,this,

that, these和those。指示代词是用来指

代、区分人或事物的,有单数和复数、近指

和远指之分。this、that是单数,these和

those是复数,this与these表示近指,而

that和those表示远指。

This用来指代近处的单数人或事物;

That用来指代远处的单数人或事物;

These用来指代近处的复数人或事物;

Those用来指代远处的复数人或事

物。This

和that是单数,在句中作主语时,后面

跟be this或that的疑问句中,其疑问形式为:【Is

this/that...?】,

These和those是复数,在句中作主语时,

后面跟be在含these或those的疑问句中,其疑问句形式为:【Are these/those...?】,答语用

【巧学妙记】指示代词用法歌诀:

指示代词一大家,

兄弟四个笑哈哈。 this, these离我近,

that, those跑远了。

this, that是单数,

后面is跟着它,

疑问总用it答。

these, those是复数,

作主语时跟着are,

疑问句中they来答。

【专项练习】

(1)改复数句。

1.This is my brother.-_____________

2.That is a pencil.-______________

(2).改单数句。

1.Those are my books.-_____________

2.These are dictionaries.-___________

(3).改一般疑问句并做肯定、否定回答。

1.This is my ruler._______________

2.That’s an orange._______________

3.These are your pictures.____________

4.Those are his grandparents.___________

【点津坊】:有be句子变疑问,先把be词提向前。

注意改变大小写,记住人称对应变:

一、二互变,三不变,最后句末加问点。

肯定yes否定no ,be词随着人称来使唤。

(4).用所给词的适当形式填空。

1._ (this) are my parents and _

(those) is my sister.

2.This _ her schoolbag and that _ his jacket.(be)

3.These __my keys and those _yours .(be)

(5).单项选择。

()1.-What’s that ?

-_ a map.

A. That’s

B. It’s

C. They’re

D. This ’s

( )2.-Are those your parents ?

-_ .My parents are here.

A. Yes, they are

B. No, it isn’t

C. Yes, it is

D. No, they aren’t

II.【名词所有格】

名词所有格是表示所有关系的名词形式,用来说明某物归某人所有,有【’s】所有格和【of】所有格两种形式。

1.有生命的【’s】所有格

一般表示有生命的人或动物的名词要用【’s】所有格,构成【所有者(人或动物)’s+所有物】形式。

如Bob’s pen , Helen’s dictionary , Li Lei’s ruler , Jane’s books , the dog’s name 等。

【’s】所有格的构成有以下几种情况: 1.不以s结尾的名词,在词尾加【’s】。

如:Jack’s keys ,Alan’s classroom , Children’s Day等。

2.以s结尾的名词,直接加【’】。

如:James’ cousin, the girls’teacher ,the dogs ’home ,Mr.Jones’office等

【名词加’s后的读音规律:】

1.在清辅音后读/s/

2.在浊辅音和元音后读/z/

3.在/t/、/d/后面分别读/ts/和/dz/

4.在/s/、 /z/、/t∫/、/dz/后面读/iz/。

如果名词是表示时间、距离、城市等意义的词也可以通过加’s构成所有格,如two hours’ walk, three kilometers’ distance , Zhao Dong’s weather等。

如果表示两个或两个以上的人共有一件东西,则在最后一个名字之后加【’s】;如果表示各自所有,则每个名字后都要加上【’s】

This is Lucy and Lily’s mother.(共同所有)

Tom’s and Jim’s parents are in the teachers’ office.(各自所有)

【点津坊】:

2.无生命的【Of】所有格:

没有生命的名词,要用of构成所有格,of和’s相当于汉语中“的”的意思。其结构为:【所有物+of+所有者】,此结构为倒装结构,后面的词修饰前面的词。

如:a map of China ,the old walls of Beijing.

有时有生命的事物也可以用of所有格来表示,如:

The dog’s name is Wangwang.=The name of the dog is Wangwang.

有时,of所有格可以和’s所有格合在一起连用,构成双重所有格,即【...of +’s/名词性物主代词】.

Here is a photo of Maria’s.

Alan is a good friend of mine. 【专项演练】

I.单项选择

( )1.It’s not my jacket. It’s_ .

A.Gina’

B. Jones’s

C.

Helen’s

( )2.Where’s the _Office ?I can’t find it .

A.teacher’s

B. teachers’

C.

Teachers’

( )3.This is a map _ China.

A.at

B. of

C.

in

( )4.Helen is a friend of _ .I like her very much.

A.my

B. mine

C.

me

( )5.This classroom is _ .

A.Maria’s and Frank’s

B.Marias’ and Franks’

C.Maria and Frank’s

( )6.That’s a photo of _ .She looks so beautiful.

A.Eric’s

B. Alice’s

C.

James’s

( )7._ parents are at school now.

A.Mike’s and Jack’s

B.Mike and Jack’s

C.Mike’s and Jack

( )8._ dog are over there.

A.Lily’s parent’s

B. Lily’s

parents’ C. Lily parent’s

( )9.Here’s a picture _ .

A.of her

B. of hers

C. of

our

( )10.June 1st(六月一日)is the _Day.

A.Child’s

B. children’s

C.

Children’s

II.改写同义句。

1.Here is my family photo.

Here is a __ my _ .

2.Lucy is one of his friends.

Lucy is ____ .

3.What’s the name of the dog ?

What’s the __ ?

4.Beijing’s weather(天气)is fine

now.

The ___ is fine now.

5.This is Jim’s father and mother’s room.

This is Jim’s _ room.

1.【名词性物主代词】:

【物主代词】是一种表示所属关系的代词形式,往往表示“我的,你的,她的(他的,它的),我们的,你们的,他们的”的意思。物主代词可以分为两类:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性物主代词作用相当于形容词,主要用来修饰名词作定语。而名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在意义上相当于他所对应的形容词物主代词+前面提到的某一名词。

This is my pencil.=This pencil is mine .

These books are hers.=These are her books .

除了mine ,his和its外,其他的名词性物主代词都是在形容词性物主代词的后面加“s”构成。

【点津坊】巧选名物与形物口诀:

有名(词)则形(容词性物主代词),

无名(词)则名(词性物主代词)。

【专项练习+能力培养】

I.选词填空。

1.This is _(my ,mine)pen and

that’s _ (your, yours).

2.I can’t find _(hers, her) ruler.

Can you lend me _(your, yours)?

3.-Are these books_(her ,his)?-No,

they’re_(theirs, our).

4.I have a dog . _(It’s ,Its) name is Coco .

5.-Is that dictionary_(your,

yours)?-No ,it’s _(her ,hers).

II.用所给词的适当形式填空。

6.This is _(I) eraser and that’s

_(you) schoolbag .

7.These are _(he) dictionaries and

those are _(she).

8.-Is this _(you) teacher ?-Yes, it’s _(we).

9.This is not _(we)

classroom .It’s_

(they)classroom .

10.Look at the hat. _(it) color is

red and it’s _(she) .

III.单项选择。

( )11.-Is this _pen?-Yes , it

is .It’s _.

A. your; my

B. yours; my

C. your ,mine

( )12.-Are those__ pens?-No ._

_ are black.

A.his, His

B. he ,His

C.

hers ,Hers D. her ,His

( )13.The boy has some photos in _room .

A . her B. hers C. his

D .its

( )14.-Hi,Jane.Is this_ computer game ?

-Oh ,no ._ computer game is in the bookcase .

A .my; My B. his; His C. mine;

Your D. your ;My

( )15.-Is this _ notebook ?-No ,it

isn’t _ .

A theirs ;their

B .your ,mine C. your ,my D. hers ,his

IV.句型转换。把下列句子改为同义句。

16.This is my book .

This __is____ .

17.The blue pen is mine .

This is ______ .

18.That’s his green bag .

That green bag ____ .

19.Are these your dictionaries ?

Are these ______ ?

20.These are her books .

These ______ .

2.【确认物主关系的一般疑问句】:

请看下面几组句子:

This is my eraser .这是我的橡皮。

That is your schoolbag .那是你的书包。

These are her dictionaries .这些是她的词典。

Those are his teachers .那些是他的老师。

这些句子你一定不陌生吧。接下来我们看看他们的一般疑问句是什

么样子的:

你一定发现变一般疑问句的规律了吧!这些疑问句都是确认物主关系的,含有指示代词和be动词。这样的句子变一般疑问句,首先把be动词提到句前,然后改变大小写(原来大写的要小写,提到前面的要大写),

人教版初中英语初中英语语法之一名词(通用版)

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高中英语语法倒装句讲解与练习含答案

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初中英语语法精讲全(教师版)

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初中英语语法精讲精练

David

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初中英语语法时态精讲版 Prepared on 24 November 2020

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