Three heavy jet events at hadron colliders as a sensitive probe of the Higgs sector

2024届北京市西城区高三二模语文试题（答案在最后）2024.5本试卷共10页，共150分。

考试时长150分钟。

考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

一、本大题共5小题，共18分。

阅读下面材料，完成小题。

材料一2023年是人工智能领域爆炸式发展的一年，OpenAI公司推出的ChatGPT便是其中的代表。

一年多的时间里，ChatGPT的版本从3.5升级到4.0，进步明显：专门训练它的硬件设备升级，其中央处理器（CPU）内核和专用图形处理器（GPU）分别增加到28万个和1万个；它有1万亿个参数，知识的获取从检索固定的数据库发展到可以自行上网寻找资料；它不但可以解读用户发送的图片，还可以根据文字描述生成图像……人工智能产品研发领域的竞争非常激烈。

ChatGPT展示出人工智能应用的巨大价值，OpenAI公司的估值因此一飞冲天，最大的外部投资者微软公司更因此获利巨大。

其他几家科技巨头不可能对此视而不见，尤其是谷歌公司，多年来一直被认为在人工智能研究领域处于世界领先位置，如今被OpenAI抢了先机，谷歌只能寻机后发制人。

果然，谷歌在2023年底推出了“双子座”（Gemini）。

这款多模态大模型人工智能产品在32项功能的评测中有30项的表现超过了ChatGPT。

除了在文字方面的输出看上去与ChatGPT不相上下，它还对图片和视频有着超强的理解和推理能力，同时可以针对提问给出混合文字和图像的多模态输出——这是ChatGPT 尚不具备的。

2024年初，谷歌的聊天机器人Bard已融合了Gemini的能力，升级版Bard的表现完全不逊于ChatGPT。

而与此同时，OpenAI又发布了文生视频大模型Sora，它能根据提示词生成60秒的连贯视频，这预示着一个新的视觉叙事时代的到来。

差不多同时，DeepMind公司和斯坦福大学的研究人员合作开发的Mobile ALOHA机器人问世。

它是一对可以使用锅碗瓢盆、操作家用电器乃至洗衣叠被的机器臂，精细程度不输人类。

2024年中考英语考前最后一卷（常州卷）注意事项：1.全卷满分90分。

考试时间为100分钟。

试题包含选择题和非选择题。

考生答题全部答在答题卡上, 答在本试卷上无效。

2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。

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答非选择题必须用05毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。

第I卷（选择题共56分）一、单项选择（本题共10小题；每题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1．China’s women’s table tennis team won the champion at the ITTF World Team Table Tennis Finals ________ February 24, 2024.A．at B．on C．in D．to2．Many companies have realized that the live stream (直播) is a great way to attract ________.A．explorers B．customers C．managers D．inventors3．My new teacher was _____ different from what I’d imagined. He was so friendly that I wasn’t nervous at once.A．properly B．smoothly C．completely D．hardly4．—Online payment has made a great difference to people’s life.—Exactly. We ________ keep a wallet in our pocket now.A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．can’t5．Don’t worry about the uncertain future. ________, it’s more important to take the present chance to get success.A．What’s more B．As a result C．After all D．In all6．Working as a teacher should be kind-hearted ________ patient.A．as far as B．as good as C．as possible as D．as well as7．________ the great ancient books ________ the writers’ experience are shared with the TV viewers on an educational TV show—China in the Classics (《典籍里的中国》).A．Neither; nor B．Either; or C．Both; and D．Not only; but also8．—Oh, baby! I didn’t expect you ________ such a beautiful card for me. Thank you!—I’m glad you like it, mum. Happy birthday!A．had made B．have made C．would make D．will make9．Sora surprises the world with very wonderful videos. I wonder ________.A．how soon will Sora be widely put into useB．how does Sora turns words into a 60-second videoC．how long it takes Sora to turn words into a videoD．that Sora has more advantages than ChatGPT10．—Many people don’t think women are good at d riving cars.—________. Amy drives better than me because she is more careful.A．That’s not the case B．That’s all rightC．I’m sorry to hear that D．I couldn’t agree more二、完形填空(共12小题;每小题1分，满分12分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

a r X i v :0709.0173v 2 [h e p -e x ] 19 S e p 2007αS from LEPS Kluth Max-Planck-Institut f¨u r Physik,F¨o hringer Ring 6,D-80805M¨u nchen,Germany E-mail:skluth@mppmu.mpg.de Abstract.Recent results on measurements of the strong coupling αS from LEP are reported.These include analyses of the 4-jet rate using the Durham or Cambridge algorithm,of hadronic Z 0decays with hard final state photon radiation,of scaling violations of the fragmentation function,of the longitudinal cross section,of the Z 0lineshape and of hadronic τlepton decays.1.Introduction Determinations of the strong coupling constant αS using data from the LEP experiments ALEPH,DELPHI,L3and OPAL are among the most precise and least ambiguous measurements [1].The initial state is purely leptonic avoiding initial and final state interference,the data samples are generally large and the experiments have large acceptances,good resolutions and low backgrounds resulting in small experimental corrections.When the re-analysed data from the PETRA experiment JADE are included a centre-of-mass (cms)energy range of more than an order of magnitude is covered by many sets of measurements.The LEP program ran from 1989to 2000and covered cms energies from 89to 209GeV.The samples of hadronic events in e +e −annihilation contain O (105−6)events near m Z 0(LEP 1),O (102−3)events at higher energies (LEP 2)and O (103−4)events below m Z 0from JADE between 14and 44GeV cms energy.2.4-jet rate In the analyses [2,3,4,5]hadronic final states are clustered using the Durham algorithm,which defines y ij =2min 2(E i ,E j )(1−cos θij )/E 2vis .as the phase space distance between two particles i,j with energies E i and E j with E vis .= k E k .The pair with the smallest y ij is combinedby adding the four-vectors.The procedure is repeated until all y ij >y cut .The fraction of four-jet events R 4(y cut )is studied as a function of y cut .DELPHI uses the Cambridge variant of the Durham algorithm.Since a four-jet final state corresponds to at least four partons in QCD the prediction is O (α2S )in leading order (LO).The relative error ∆αS /αS =∆R 4/(2R 4),i.e.a precise measurement of αS is possible if experimental uncertainties can be kept under control.The data,corrected for experimental effects,are compared with NLO calculations combined with resummed next-to-leading logarithm (NLLA)terms (DELPHI use NLO only)including hadronisation corrections derived from simulation.The results are summarised in figure 1.The average value αS (m Z 0)=0.1172±0.0010(exp .)±0.0016(had .)±0.0014(theo .)was found assuming partially correlated experimental uncertainties while hadronisation and theory uncertainties were evaluated by repeating the procedure with simultaneously changed input values.Since the dependency of αS on the renormalisation scale (RS)in the theory is at aminimum in the analyses the conventional estimation ofof the RS may yield an underestimate[4,5].JADEOPALDELPHIALEPHe+e- RαS(mZ)Figure1.Results forαS(m Z0)from the four-jet rate R4[2,3,4,5].The dashed vertical lineand shaded band indicate the average value witherrors shown on thefigure.1010√s [GeV]αSFigure 2.Summary of results forαS.The solid and dashed lines and the grayband show the the running ofαS usingthe average value ofαS(m Z0)given on thefigure.The label“NNLO incl.”refersto measurements discussed in section 5.Adapted from[1].3.Radiative Z0decaysHadronic decays of the Z0with energetic and isolated photons can be used to study QCD at lower effective cms energies√s′≤78GeV.The event shape analysis uses NLO+NLLA QCD calculations including hadronisation corrections predicted by simulations;thefitted theory is found to be consistent with the data.Within the uncertainties of the analysis assuming factorisation of hard and isolated photon radiation and QCD radiation leads to a good description of the data.4.FragmentationIn studies of fragmentation in e+e−annihilation to hadrons production of charged particles is measured.The distributions of x=2p/√s in the static quark-parton model.Dependence on√gauge boson appears with longitudinal polarisation,the so-called longitudinal cross sectionσL. Since longitudinal polarisation is only possible with an additional gluon in thefinal stateσL can be used to measureαS.In[1]measurements ofσL by ALEPH,DELPHI and OPAL are averaged with the resultσL/σtot.=0.056±0.002.This yieldsαS(m Z0)=0.117±0.008using a NLO QCD calculation.The average forαS(m Z0)from fragmentation analyses in e+e−annihilation from[1] isαS(m Z0)=0.118±0.004(exp.)±0.001(had.)±0.007(theo.).5.Z0lineshape and hadronicτdecaysIn[1]the results of the Z0lineshape measurements[8]were used to extract measurements of αS(m Z0)from four sensitive observables:the hadronic widthΓh,the ratio of hadronic and leptonic widths R Z,and the total peak cross sections for hadron and lepton productionσh and σℓ.The dependence on the RS[9]and the Higgs mass are studied.The result based on NNLO QCD calculations isαS(m Z0)=0.1189±0.0027(exp.)±0.0015(theo.).The analysis of the hadronic branching ratio Rτof theτlepton in[10,1]uses NNLO QCD calculations.Contributions from non-perturbative processes are estimated using the spectral functions d Rτ/d s forfinal states with even or odd numbers of pions and turn out to be consistent with zero for Rτ.The result isαS(m Z0)=0.1221±0.0006(exp.)±0.0004(had.)±0.0019(theo.).A similar analysis[11]uses partially calculated NNNLO terms in addition and is consistent.In both cases the theoretical uncertainty is determined by varying the renormalisation scale between0.5and2.0of the central value such that the theory errors can be compared directly with other results.6.SummaryThe most reliable measurements ofαS are those based on NNLO calculations and with small hadronisation uncertainties and thus small model dependence.The average of the results from section5with a related measurement using the total cross section for hadron production in e+e−√annihilation at low。

2024年广东省深圳高级中学高三（上）第三次诊断物理试卷一、选择题：本大题共11小题，第1-8小题每小题3分，第9-11小题每小题6分，共42分。

1.日本于2023年8月24日将福岛第一核电站核废水排入大海，对海洋生态造成恶劣影响。

核废水中含有氚、锶90、铯137、碘129等放射性元素，其中铯137的半衰期约30年，衰变方程为 13755Cs→13756Ba+X。

下列说法正确的是( )A. X是α粒子B. X是β粒子C. 衰变过程中质量守恒D. 100个铯137原子核经过30年后一定还有50个未衰变2.如图所示，这是一种古老的舂米机。

舂米时，稻谷放在石臼A中，横梁可以绕O点转动，在横梁前端B点固定一舂米锤，脚踏在横梁另一端C点往下压时，舂米锤便向上抬起，提起脚，舂米锤就向下运动，击打A 中的稻谷，使稻谷的壳脱落，稻谷变为大米。

已知OC>OB，则在横梁绕O点转动的过程中( )A. 在横梁绕O点转动过程中，B、C两点的加速度大小相等B. 舂米锤击打稻谷时对稻谷的作用力大于稻谷对舂米锤的作用力C. 在横梁绕O点转动过程中，B点的速度大于C点的速度D. 脚踏在横梁另一端C点往下压的过程中，舂米锤的重力势能增大3.如图所示，在竖直墙壁上固定水平轻杆OB，B为铰链装置，OA为轻质细绳且与水平方向夹角θ=30°，小球质量为m，通过轻绳系于O点，初始时整个装置处于静止状态，现保证O点位置不变，逐渐减小绳OA 的长度，使绳的上端由A点缓慢移动至C点。

已知重力加速度为g，不计所有摩擦，则下列说法正确的是( )A. 初始时OA绳的拉力大小为3mgB. 移动过程中OA绳的拉力大小逐渐增大C. 移动过程中OB杆的弹力逐渐减小D. 最终OA绳的拉力大小减小至04.神舟十六号是中国“神舟”系列飞船的第十六次任务，也是中国空间站运营阶段的首次飞行任务。

如图所示，神舟十六号载人飞船处于半径为r1的圆轨道Ⅰ、空间站组合体处于半径为r3的圆轨道Ⅲ，两者都在其轨道上做匀速圆周运动。