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绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语本试卷共87题，共150分。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
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2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
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5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．（1分）A．It is satisfactory．B．It is luxurious．C．It is old﹣fashioned．D．It is disappointing．2．（1分）A．On August 5th．B．On August 6th．C．On August 7th．D．On August 8th．3．（1分）A．A waiter．B．A butcher．C．A porter．D．A farmer．4．（1分）A．In a theatre．B．In a library．C．In a booking office．D．In a furniture store．5．（1分）A．She expected to a better show．B．She could hardly find her seat．C．She wasn't interested in the show．D．She didn't get a favourable seat．6．（1分）A．The woman often eats out for breakfast．B．The cafeteria serves good breakfast．C．The woman doesn't have breakfast．D．The cafeteria doesn't serve breakfast．7．（1分）A．Selling cucumbers．B．Planting vegetables．C．Cooking a meal．D．Picking tomatoes．8．（1分）A．The man should work hard．B．The man should turn down the job offer．C．The man may have another chance．D．The man can apply for the job again．9．（1分）A．It is a hot and smoggy day．B．There is a traffic jam on King Street．C．A vehicle is polluting the air．D．The man is reading a report online．10．（1分）A．Its ending is not good enough．B．Its special effects are not satisfying．C．It deserves an award．D．It is good except for the scary part．Section B11．（6分）Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage．11．A.1．B.2C.3D.52．12．A．Pay the bills first．B．Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses．C．Deposit 1000 every month．D．Put part of the money in a savings account．13．A．Methods of saving money．B．Saving money for family emergencies．C．The importance of saving money．D．Secrets of spending money wisely．14．（6分）Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage．14．A．Free education．B．A sum of money．C．Donations from a local newspaper．D．Gifts from many people．15．A．Let students in before school．B．Offer ice cream and coffee．C．Introduce a bank into the campus．D．Reduce the traffic jams around．16．A．It lacks positive news．B．It should grow into a big city．C．It is a place worth living in．D．It remains peaceful and quiet．Section C Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.17．（8分）Blanks 17through 20are based on the following conversation．Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each answer．Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.25．（8分）Bags of LoveLast year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house，so I stayed with her for a month．During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries．After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly﹣we were always suddenly out of something．（25）（wonder） how my mum could consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks．To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine．Eventually，I decided to follow her and （26） happened truly amazed me．She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in （27）she distributed it to children．I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother．Then it hit me﹣shy would she mot want to tell me about what she （28）（do）？Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop （29）（buy） the groceries if I found out？When she got home，I told her about my discovery．（30） she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret （31） me．She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets．For years，my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare．I was so impressed by （32） selfless she was．33．（8分）Stress：Good or Bad？Stress used to be an almost unknown word，but now that we are used to talking about it，I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed．In recent years，stress（33）（regard） as a cause of a whole range of medical problems，from high blood pressure to mental illness．But like so many other things，it is only too much stress（34）does you harm．It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life，you would achieve a little．If you are stuck at home with no stress，then your level of performance will be low．Up to a certain point，the more stress you are under，the （35）（good） your performance will be．Beyond a certain point，though，further stress will only lead to exhaustion，illness and finally a breakdown．You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope，by asking yourself （36） number of questions．Do you，for instance，feel that too much is being expected of （37），and yet find it impossible to say no？Do you find yourself getting impatient of （38）（annoy） with people over unimportant things？…If the answer to all those questions is yes，you had better（39）（control ）your stress，as you probably are under more stress than is good for you．To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life．Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events．Getting married is 50，pregnancy 40，moving house 20，Christmas 12，etc．If the total stress in your life is over 150，you are twice as likely （40）（get）ill．Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What makes good design？Over the years，designers and artists have been trying to （41）the essentials of good design．They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design．There are four as follows．Less is more．This saying is associated with the German﹣born architect Mies van der Rohe．In his Modernist view，beauty lies in simplicity and elegance，and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means．Design should avoid unnecessary （42）More is not a bore．The American﹣born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly，the result is （43）design．Post﹣Modernist designers began to （44） with decoration and color again．Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen （45）such as ovens and kettles．Fitness for purpose．Successful product design takes into consideration a product's function，purpose，shape，form，color，and so on．The most important result for the user is that the product does what is （46）．For example，think of a（n）（47）desk lamp．It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user．It also needs to be stable．Most importantly，it needs to （48）light where it is needed．From follows emotion．This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger．He believes design must take into（49）the sensory side of our nature﹣sight，smell，touch and taste．These are as important as rational（理性的） thinking．When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste，we appreciate a cool﹣looking device that allows us to easily（50）the toothpaste onto our brush．III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.51．（15分）In the 1960s，Douglas McGregor，one of the key thinkers in the art of management，developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y．Theory X is the idea that people instinctively （51） work and will do anything to avoid it．Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work．In any case，despite so much evidence to the （52），many managers still agree to Theory X．Theybelieve，（53），that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively，or that decisions must be imposed from （54） without consultation．This，of course，makes for authoritarian （专制的） managers．Different cultures have different ways of （55） people．Unlike authoritarian management，some cultures，particularly in Asia，are well known for the consultative nature of decision﹣making﹣all members of the department or work group are asked to （56） to this process．This is management by the collective opinion．Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things，which are based on general （57）．Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional （58）managers cannot．A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative，to make decisions on their own without（59） managers first．This empowerment （授权） has been part of the trend towards downsizing：（60） the number of management layers in companies．After de﹣layering in this way，a company may be （61） with just a top level of senior managers，front﹣line managers and employees with direct contact with the public．Empowerment takes the idea of delegation （委托） much further than has （62）been the case．Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to （63） that the overall business plan is being followed，and that operations become more profitable under the new organization，rather than less．Another trend is off﹣site or （64） management，where teams of people linked by e﹣mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses．Project managers evaluate the （65） of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects，rather than the amount of time they spend on them．51．A．desire B．seek C．lose D．dislike52．A．contrary B．expectation C．degree D．extreme53．A．vice versa B．for example C．however D．otherwise54．A．outside B．inside C．below D．above55．A．replacing B．assessing C．managing D．encouraging56．A．refer B．contribute C．object D．apply57．A．agreement B．practice C．election D．impression58．A．bossy B．experienced C．western D．male59．A．asking B．training C．warning D．firing60．A．doubling B．maintaining C．reducing D．estimating61．A．honoured B．left C．crowded D．compared62．A．economically B．traditionally C．inadequately D．occasionally63．A．deny B．admit C．assume D．ensure64．A．virtual B．ineffective C．day﹣to﹣day D．on﹣the﹣scene65．A．opinion B．risk C．performance D．attractivenessSection B Direction：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.One early morning，I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again．My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word"Poems"appeared in big，hot pink letters．"Is it good？"I asked her．"Yeah，"she answered．"There's one I really like and you'll like it，too．"I leaned forward．"‘Patty Poem，'"she read the title．Who is Patty？I wondered．The poem began：She never puts her toys away，Just leaves them scattered①where they lay，…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections．The final one came quickly：When she grows and gathers poise②，②稳重I'll miss her harum﹣scarum③ noise，③莽撞的And look in vain④ for scattered toys．④徒劳地And I'll be sad．A terrible sorrow washed over me．Whoever Patty was，she was a mean girl．Then，the shock．"It's you，honey，"My mother said sadly．To my mother，the poem revealed a parent's affection when her child grows up and leaves．To me，the"she"in the poem was horror．It was my mama who would be sad．It was so terrible I burst out crying．"What's wrong？"my mother asked．"Oh Mama，"I cried．"I don't want to grow up ever!"She smiled．"Honey，it's okay．You're not growing up anytime soon．And when you do，I'll still love you，okay？""Okay，"I was still weeping．My panic has gone．But I could not help thinking about that silly poem．After what seemed like a safe amount of time，I read the poem again and was confused．It all fit so well together，like a puzzle．The language was simple，so simple I could plainly understand its meaning，yet it was still beautiful．I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry，words that had the power to make or break a person's world．I have since fallen in love with other poems，but"Patty Poem"remains my poem．After all，"Patty Poem"gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits，but because it was the one that hurt me the most．66．Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again？A．It was a thick enough book．B．Something on its cover caught her eye．C．Her mother was reading it with interest．D．It has a meaningful title．67．After her mother read the poem to her，the writer felt at first．A．sadB．excitedC．horrifiedD．confused68．The writer's mother liked to read"Patty Poem"probably because ．A．it reflected her own childhoodB．it was written in simple languageC．it was composed by a famous poetD．it gave her a hint of what would happen69．It can be concluded from the passage that"Patty Poem"leads the writer to ．A．discover the power of poetryB．recognize her love for puzzlesC．find her eagerness to grow upD．experience great homesickness．Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s．Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference．In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth's changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions（排放） from 2008 to 2012．Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020．More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limitglobal warming．But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions．70．It can be concluded from paragraph 1that ．A．the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B．gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC．the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD．humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71．If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100？A．The human population would increase by one third．B．Little over 50% of all species would still exist．C．Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets．D．The Agreement's minimum goal would not be reached．72．If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should be ．A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃Enough"meaningless drivel"．That's the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data．The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report，released last week，has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark （认证标记） to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions．"The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone，"says Andrew Miller，the chair of the committee．Instead，he says，firms should provide a plain﹣English version of their terms．The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original．It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme，but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis．"we need to think through how we make that work in practice，"says Miller．Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark？"I think if you went and did the survey，people would like to think they would，"says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton，UK，who studies open data．"We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information．"But what would happen in practice is another matter，he says．Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand，but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new．"We still don't know how significant the long﹣term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20years'time，"he says．Shadbolt，who gave evidence to the committee，says the problem is that we don't know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving．Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently，he says．The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don't expect，even if users have apparently permission，show that the current situation isn't working．If properly administered，a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to．Although they would still have to actually read them．73．What does the phrase"meaningless drivel"in paragraphs 1and 3 refer to？A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to．B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites．C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly．D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms．74．It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether ．A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75．Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because ．A．their users consist largely of kids under 20years oldB．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC．the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD．it remains unknown how users'data will be taken advantage of76．The writer advises users of social media to ．A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC．take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD．avoid providing too much personal information77．Which of the following is the best title of the passage？A．Say no to social media？B．New security rules in operation？C．Accept without reading？D．Administration matters!Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reduce congestion（拥堵） at some of the country's busiest stations．In the first move of its kind，all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity（容量） at the height of the rush hour．A six﹣month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid﹣April，eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left．The move，imitating a similar structure in Far Eastern cities such as Hong Kong，is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times．it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years．According to London Underground，only 40percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators，leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the"standing"side．A three﹣week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any one time of could be raised by almost a third．Peter McNaught，operations director at London Underground，said："It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still，but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true．This new six﹣month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term．"Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4high．Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up﹣meaning only one side was used at all times．Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5to ban walking．The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2，500people between 8：30am and 9：30am on a typical day，rising to 3，250during the researching period．In the new trial，which will be launched from April 18，one of three"up"escalators will be standing only，with a second banning walking at peak times．A third will remain a mix of walking and standing．（Note：Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）78．What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left？79．What did last year's three﹣week trial at Holborn station prove？80．The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least in height．81．In the new trail，in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours，the other"up"escalators will be used for ．I.Translation Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.82．（3分）我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报．（hope）．83．（3分）二十世纪末中国经济迅速发展．（witness）84．（3分）为买一双运动鞋而通宵排队有意义吗？（point）．85．（3分）虽然当时我年幼，不理解这部电影的含义，但我记得我的家人都感动得落泪了．（too…to…）．86．（3分）我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分．（The moment…）．II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.87．（24分）假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为"父母是否以子女为荣"．通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）．根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：1．描述调研数据；2．分析可能导致这一结果的原因2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语(参考答案)I. 【解答】D2．【解答】B3．【解答】A4．【解答】B5．【解答】D6．【解答】C7．【解答】B8．【解答】C9．【解答】C10．【解答】A11．C 12．D 13．A14．B 15．A 16．C17．Deadline 18．photos 19．stadium 20．Lunch21．a（famous）judge 22．Asking for help23．Having a voice 24．Sharing （with others）【解答】答案：25．Wondering 后面一句是I began observing her daily routine for two weeks．中间是逗号分隔的，没有连词，说明这是一个简单句，空格上要填非谓语动词修饰，而且动词wonder与后面句子的主语I之间构成主动关系，要用现在分词形式，作原因状语．故填Wondering．26．what 前面的句子是I decided to follow her，中间有并列连词and，说明这是并列句；而空格后面是happened truly amazed me．发生的事情让我惊呆了．句子的谓语动词是amazed，前面是一个主语从句，并且从句缺少主语，要用连接代词what（指事情）．故填what．27．which 前面的句子是She was taking the food to the refugee camp，后面的句子是she distributed it to children．中间用逗号分隔，说明这是一个主从复合句，要用连接词．in which相当于where，引导定语从句修饰前面的先行词the refugee camp．故填which．28．had done 文章讲述的是一件过去的事，题干中说why would she mot want to tell me她为什么不告诉我（她做的事），可以知道母亲做的事发生在作者发现以前，所以是过去的过去，要用过去完成时态．故填had done．29．buying 固定搭配．stop doing sth停止做某事．30．Before 题干中是she could react，I gave her a big hug两个简单句不能用逗号分隔，说明前面要填连词．before连接时间状语从句，表示"来不及…就…"．句意：在母亲还没来得及反应，我就紧紧地抱住了她．故填Before．31．from 固定搭配．keep from隐瞒．题干中keep it a secret from me的意思是对我保守秘密．故填from．32．how 题干中she was是一个主谓结构，放在介词by后，说明是作宾语从句，要用连词；而selfless （无私的）是一个形容词，要用how来修饰．故填how．【解答】33．has been regarded短语搭配．regard…as…认为，把…看作．题干中regard的宾语是stress，要用变动；前面有时间状语In recent years近些年来，表示从过去到现在，是完成时态的时间状语．所以要用现在完成时态的变动语态．故填has been regarded．34．that 强调句型．it is…that…用来对主语only too much stress进行强调，只有太多的压力才会带来伤害．故填that．35．better 固定句型．the+比较级…，the+比较级…表示越怎样，就越怎样．故填better．36．a 固定短语．a number of 大量，许多的意思．故填a．37．you 逻辑推理．前面句子说的是asking yourself a number of questions问你自己问题；后面说Do you，for instance，feel that too much is being expected of（you）例如你有没有觉得对自己的期待过高．故填you．38．annoyed 短语搭配．前面说getting impatient 对什么不耐烦，后面用or（或者）表示并列结构（getting）annoyed with 对什么厌烦．故填annoyed．39．control情态动词．had better最好，是一个特殊的情态动词，后面要用动词原形．故填control．40．to get短语搭配．be likely to do sth很可能怎样，后接动词不等式．故填to get．【解答】41．D capture是动词，意思是"获得，捕获"，本句中该次构成的是不定式短语"to capture…"作动词try的宾语．句意：多年以来，设计师和艺术家一直都在努力搞清楚好的设计的本质．42．E 名词decorations，意思是"装饰"，该词在句中作动词avoid的宾语．本段的主题句是"Less is more"，倡导装修设计的简单化．句意：设计应该避免不必要的装饰物．43．J 形容词soulless，意思是"没有灵魂的"，该词在本句中作定语，修饰名词design．根据前半句"The American﹣born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly"可知：美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结说﹣﹣﹣如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的．44．G 动词短语experiment with，意思是"试用，用…做实验"，句意：后现代主义设计师们再一次开始试验装饰和颜色．45．C 名词appliance，意思是"电器，电气工具"，该词可由后面列举的例子"ovens and kettles"推理得知，指的是厨房电器等物品．46．H 形容词intended，意思是"预期的"，本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构．句意：对用户来说最重要的是产品到达了预期的效果．47．B 形容词adjustable，意思是"可调节的"，本句中该词做定语修饰名词desk lamp，意思是"可调节的台灯"，与后句中的"regular adjustments by the user"形成前后呼应．48．F 动词direct，意思是"对准，指挥"，本句中该词与名词light构成动宾关系．句意：最重要的是，它需要对准需要光线的地方．49．A 动词短语take…into account"把…考虑在内"．句意：他认为设计必须要把自然的直觉考虑在内，如：视觉，嗅觉，触觉和味觉．50．K 动词squeeze，意思是"挤压"，本句中该词和名词the toothpaste 构成动宾关系．句意：我们很喜欢一个看起来很酷的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上．【解答】51﹣55 DABDC 56﹣60 BADAC 61﹣65 BBDAC51．D desire 需求，欲望；seek 寻找；lose 失去，丢失；dislike 不喜欢．本句简单介绍了X理论，由后半句and will do anything to avoid it可以推知，人们本能地_______工作，这里应该是dislike．52．A many managers still agree to Theory X（管理者们仍然同意X理论），由despite…still关键词可知，即使有很多关于Y理论的有力证据，管理者仍然坚持X理论，因而，空格处代表的是"Y理论"，即是X理论的相反，故选contrary．53．B vice versa 反之亦然；for example，比如；however 然而；otherwise 否则．根据整句内容，这里是顺势举例，没有转折的意思，因此为for example．54．D 根据前后句的解释，X理论是一种赞同专制的理论，因此此处为above（上头，上面的阶级），表示决定impose（强加）自上头，在没有任何协商的情况下（without any consultation）．55．C 由后文内容可知，不同的文化，有不同的管理人的办法，在这一点上，西方开始效仿东方国家．这里为managing．56．B 根据文化常识，东方国家要求他人服从/奉献，因此all members of the department or work group are asked to （56）____to this process．此处为contribute to…，选项为B．57．A 根据文化常识推理，东方国家是在普遍的认可下做出决定，因此此处西方国家效仿东方国家，所作的决定是基于普遍的认同下的，Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things，which are based on general （57）_____．此处为agreement．58．D Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional （58）___ managers cannot．此处指出女性能够成为效率更高的管理者，因为她们有让人达到共同目标的手段，这里存在男性和女性的对比，that引导定语从句，表示"男性没有的一种力量"，因而为male．59．A 由前一句可知to encourage employees to use their own initiative（鼓励员工的主动性），因此后一句表达"不需要征询管理者的同意"，征询，asking．60．C 此句关键字为downsizing（精简，裁员），因而冒号后为解释前句的意思，因此为reducing（减少）．61．B 后一句为After de﹣layering in this way的结果，可知结果是"只剩下了最高的高级管理者，最前。
上海市静安区近五年高三年级第一学年期末英语试题真题汇编-阅读理解上海市静安区2019-2020学年高三年级第一学年期末英语试题真题Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( A )As humanity has got richer, animals’ roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine(内燃机) made horses unneeded; modern sanitation(卫生设备) kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Petkeeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists (考古学家) have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures — such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions — have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food-waste-recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet-food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.In the business this is called “pet humanisation”— the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved fromFido, Rex and Spot to — in America — Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy-dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental (多愁善感的) Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound (猎犬), plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?56. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before.57. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization”?A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays.B. Pets’ inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.C. Human beings’ ever rising urge for pet-keeping.D. Pets’ roles as both working staff and companions.58. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Changing Roles of AnimalsB. The Urge for Pet-keepingC. Who Owns WhomD. Love Me, Love My Dog( B )Depression hurts, Prozac can helpDepression isn’t just feeling down. It’s a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason.Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin — a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression — especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like too much to handle.To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe (开处方) most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a “happy pill.” It’s not a tranquilizer (镇静剂). It won’t turn you into a different person.Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash (皮疹), tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking. Some people shouldnot take Prozac, especially people on MAO inhibitors (单胺抑制剂).As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn’t right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you — or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it.60.All the following are true EXCEPT __________.A. It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination.B. Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms.C. Depression can be caused by a combination of factors.D. Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.61.What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?A. Prozac is a newly-developed drug to treat depression.B. Patients who take Prozac can experience severe side effects.C. A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac.D. Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac.62.This piece of information is most probably __________.A. an introduction to a scientific projectB. a part of prescription drug instructionsC. a part of a research report in a medical journalD. an advertisement of a medicine for depression( C )Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book). Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible”for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains a re more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.“Peop le fared better when they learned by immersion(沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by fin ding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so,it’s possible to become conversationally proficient —even without the advantage of a child’s brain.63. The word “plummet” in paragraph 1 is cl osest in meaning to “__________”.A. plungeB. riseC. endD. vary64. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?A. Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.B. Children are too young to grasp a second language.C. Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.D. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.65. What might be the reason why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.B. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.C. Adults spend more time responding to new information.D. Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language .66.The passage is mainly about __________.A. the approaches to learning a second languageB. the best age to learn a second languageC. why kids learn a second language more easily than adultsD. whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves56-59CADC60-62ACD63-66ADCC上海市静安区2018-2019学年高三年级第一学年期末英语试题真题Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknown mountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our food couldn’t last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon.We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine（尿）everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain. Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56.Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didn’t want to stay with dead people inside.B. Because it’s easier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside.57.Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help from two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes.58.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue people didn’t notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59.The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to ________.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectation(B)Rubbermaid Commercial Stainless(不锈的) Steel Oven Monitoring Thermometer(温度计) FGTHO550by Rubbermaid Commercial Products4.3 out of 5 stars2,274 customer reviewsPrice: $7.01Color: MetallicMade of wearable stainless steel, this oven thermometer is designed toendure the test of the toughest professional and home kitchens. The scale reads in both Fahrenheit and Celsius, and it features clearly marked temperature differences to aid accurate readings. Easy to install, the thermometer comes equipped with a convenient hanger, so it can be suspended from an oven rail. Its self-standing design also allowsit to stand upright on a baking pan in the oven.Easy-to-Read DialThis oven thermometer measures and displays true oven temperature, helping to ensure precise results when preparing food.Durable Stainless Steel DesignWith its stainless steel construction and rock-resistant lens, this thermometer withstands tough and repeated use. And with its long 10-year warranty, it's sure to become one of your kitchen mainstays.About manufacturerRubbermaid Commercial Products, headquartered in Winchester, Va, is a manufacturer of innovative, solution-based products for commercial and institutional markets worldwide. Since 1968, RCP has pioneered technologies and system solutions in the categories of food prep services, cleaning maintenance, waste handling, material transport, and safety products Product details. Product details●Product Dimensions: 6.1 x45x 1.5 inches; I pound●Domestic Shipping: Item can be shipped within U.S●International Shipping: This item can be shipped to selected countries outside of the U.S.Learn More●Amazon Best Sellers Rank:#1 in Home Kitchen>Oven Thermometersspecial offers and product promotions●pay with your credit card or your Amazon. Com Gift Card. Apply now.60. Which of the following features does the product enjoy?A It's made of quality plastic easy to be bent.B. It is assisted with electronic dial reading system.C. It could be positioned within the oven in two ways.D. It is resistant to shake and press61. Which description about the product is true?A. It provides unconditional domestic and international shopping.B. It sells best in Oven Thermometers section on AmazonC Over 3000 customers have commented on the product.D. It could be paid for only through credit card.62. Which of the following products is NOT likely to be manufactured by Rubbermaid Commercial Products?A. Deskside Plastic Wastebasket.B. Airtight Snack ContainerC. Full Pan CarrierD. Over-ear Bass Sound Stereo Headphones( C )Canada is a bilingual country with "co-official" languages. English and French enjoy equal status as the official languages of all federal government institutions in Canada. This means that the public has the right to communicate with and receive services from, federal (联邦的)government institutions in either English or French. Federal government employees have the right to work in the official language of their choice in designated bilingual regions.Like the United States, Canada started as a colony. Beginning in the 1500s, it was part of New France but later became a British colony after the Seven Years' War. As a result, the Canadiangovernment recognized the languages of both colonizers: France and England. The Constitution (宪法)Act of 1867 enshrined the use of both languages in Parliament and in federal courts. Years later, Canada strengthened its commitment to bilingualism when it passed the Official Languages Act of 1969, which reaffirmed the constitutional origins of its co-official languages and set out the protections afforded by its dual-language status.Recognition of both English and French protects the rights of all Canadians. Among other benefits, the 1969 Act recognized that Canadian citizens should be able to access federal laws and government documents, whether their native language was French or English. The general law also requires that consumer products feature bilingual packaging throughout the country.The Canadian federal government is committed to advancing the equality of status and use of the English and French languages within Canadian society and provides support to the development of English and French linguistic minority communities. However, the reality is that most Canadians speak English, and of course, many Canadians speak another language entirely.Although the federal government theoretically guarantees bilingual services in all areas, there are many regions of Canada where English is the clear majority language, so the government does not always offer services in French in those regions. Canadians use the phrase "where numbers warrant" to indicate whether a local population's language usage requires bilingual services from the federal government.While many Canadians are bilingual, they are not only speaking English or French. Statistic Canada finds that more than 200 languages that were not English or French, were reported as a language spoken by its people. About two-thirds of the respondents who spoke one of these languages also spoke either English or French.63. The acceptance of two official languages in Canada is due to ________.A. the language –using tradition caused by Canada’s colonial history.B. the convenience for business dealings by using two languages in the country.C. the welcome attitude toward immigrates from all over the world.D. the mastery of two languages of Canadians because of school education.64. In reality whether bilingual service provided by the federal government is necessary in different districts is decided by ________.A. the legal order from the federal governmentB. the popularity of the language in the worldC. the number of schools teaching the languageD. the number of local people using the language65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. English has gained superior legal position to French because of bigger number of users in Canada.B. The legal court usage of French and English was established in Canada in 1969.C. Both French and English should be used on products in Canada according to federal law.D. Canadian people speak either French or English in social communication.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The advantage of using multiple languages in CanadaB. The history and current situation of two language used in CanadaC. The disadvantaged status of the French language used in Canada.D. Canadians’ advancement in balancing two languages in business world.56-59 C B A B 60-62 C B D 63-66 A D C B上海市静安区2017-2018学年高三年级第一学年期末英语试题真题Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Overcoming extreme cold, cruel ice and people dismissing him as mad, Slovenian Davo Kamicar became the first person to ski non-stop down Mount Everest.After a dramatic fall over almost sheer cliffs of snow, stones and ice, 38-year-old Kamicar emerged in his base camp after five hours of skiing. “I feel only absolute happiness and absolute tiredness,” he said.At one stage he had to speed over stretches of ice that collapsed and broke underneath him and could have sent him falling into the deep crevasses (裂缝) that dot the mountain.The descent (下落) had been seen by many as insanely dangerous. The Darwin Awards website, which documents deaths which are foolhardy, urged people to log on to Internet broadcasts of the attempt. “Keep your eyes peeled for a live Darwin Award,” it said.However, the only body to make the news was the corpse (尸体) of an unknown mountaineer which Kamicar zipped past as he descended, one of an estimated 120 corpses, thought to litter the slopes.“This mountain is always full of surprises. Seeing a dead man out there was a really shocking experience,” he said.Thanks to strategically placed cameras on the mountain and one attached to his safety helmet, hundreds of thousands of people witnessed his descent on the Internet, which was one of the record highs ever. During the run more than 650,000 hits were registered on his expedition websitejamming it for a time as others tried to access the site.Weather conditions were so severe that Kamicar had to abandon plans to rest on the summit before attempting to descend. Instead, suffering from fatigue, as soon as he reached the top he put on his skis and flung himself back down the mountain.Dealing with the mountain had already cost Kamicar two fingers when a previous failed attempt saw him get frostbite as a fierce storm lashed the peak.Kamicar comes from a skiing family and took part in his first Himalayan skiing expedition in 1989. Since then, he has been tireless in raising funds and sponsorship for more expeditions, with Everest as the permanent goal.56. Davo Kamicar made history by ________.A. skiing down Mount Everest without restB. descending Mount Everest within the shortest time everC. attracting largest number of audience online for his descentD. becoming the first to film his descent down Mount Everest57. The underlined word foolhardy in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.A. sudden and hard to acceptB. taking unnecessary risksC. attracting public attentionD. working hard to fool others58. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Kamicar saw about 120 dead bodies littering the slope.B. The broadcast of his descent online was cancelled because of the website jam.C. Kamicar’s family had a tradition to conquer Mount Everest.D. This was not Kamicar’s first attempt on Mount Everest.。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
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试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
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第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It isdisappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to theQuestions11through13are based on the following passa ge.11.A.$1. B.$2 C.$3 D.$52.12.A.Pay the bills first.B.Spend2%of the salary on living expenses.C.Deposit$1000every month.D.Put part of the money in a savings account.13.A.Methods of saving money.B.Saving money for family emergencies.C.The importance of saving money.D.Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions14through16are based on the following passa ge.14.A.Free education.B.A sum of money.C.Donations from a local newspaper.D.Gifts from many people.15.A.Let students in before school.B.Offer ice cream and coffee.C.Introduce a bank into the campus.D.Reduce the traffic jams around.16.A.It lacks positive news.B.It should grow into a big city.C.It is a place worth living in.D.It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information youBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how Iwould react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery.(30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control )your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernistdesigners began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needsto be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user.It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needsto 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anythingto avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervisionif they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather thanless.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degreeD. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. howeverD. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. belowD. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managingD. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. objectD. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. electionD. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. westernD. male59. A. asking B. training C. warningD. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducingD. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assumeD. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C.day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performanceD. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems”appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty?I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①wherethey lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④ forscattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she”in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!” She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem”gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best LovedPoems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem”probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by2100 even if nations live up to the initialParis promises to reduce carbon emissions;this rise could still put coastal citiesunder water and drive over half of allspecies to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreementrequires countries to tighten emissionstargets every five years. Even this increasecould sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third inthe number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal fortemperature rise set by the Paris Agreement,after a push by low-lying island nationslike Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃ point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature beforethe start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamedfirms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,”says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,”says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt,who gave evidence to the committee,says the problem is that we don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still rge collections of personal informa tion have become valuable only recently,he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “meaningless drivel”in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holbornstation from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few peoplewanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up”escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourselfgetting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem”remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s cha nging atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up tothe initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still putcoastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tightenemissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands,worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the ParisAgreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which saylimiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of theindustrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UKgovernment who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at int roducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadb olt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social m edia that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how co mpanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（上海卷，含解析）考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and qui et.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19)□13SUN□14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE□16WED Handing in three student 18□17THU Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19□18FRI Filling in a form with up-to-date personal dataTime: 20 break Place: The computer room□19SATBlank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter? She is 21 in court and a writer.What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties?22In Sue’s eyes, what is the b est part about her job? 23 in decision-making.What does Sue think happiness is? 24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.【答案】25. Wondering 26. wha t 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before 31. from 32. how 【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，我在无意中发现妈妈偷偷地帮助难民，赞美了妈妈善良无私的美丽品质。
静安区2023学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2023年12月考生注意：1.完卷时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。
2.本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第Ⅰ卷(共100分)I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a gallery. B.At the barber's. C.In a restaurant. D.At the tailor's.2.A.Fellow workers. B.Family members.C.Doctor and patient.D.Driver and passenger.3.A.Choosing psychology. B.Choosing economics.C.Neither is a good choice.D.Choosing a major of interest.4. A.She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B.She did not inform the man of her del ay in advance.C.She wasn't really caught in the traffic jam.D.She wasn't always late for the appointment.5. A.It was lost and won't be found. B.It was transferred to a different city.C.It was delivered to her hotel already.D.It was stolen during her trip.6．. A.He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B.He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C.He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D.He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A.They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B.There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C.Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D.They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A.She has already been to the café.B.She is not interested in going to the café.C.She knows about the cafébut hasn't visited it.D.She wants to go to the caféright away.9. A.She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B.She expects the man to take mum to Brain's new house.C.She expects the man to celebrate mum's birthday together.D.She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10.A.The fantastic and high-quality camera. B.The need for better internet connectivity.C.Their favorite photography techniques.D.The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Sect ion BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B.Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C.Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D.Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12.A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B.Removing outdated black and white taxis.C.Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D.Making advertisements on old vehicles.13.A.Because customers are more friendly and richer.B.Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C.Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D.Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Canceling all the gifts. B.Applying a‘one-gift’rule.C.Giving children less time to play.D.Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15.A.Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B.Buying a hand-made craft product.C.Giving something that won't cost money.D.Giving an experience of something new.16.A.The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B.The importance of buying gifts for children.C.The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D.The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.By trading physical items. B.By exchanging artistic creativity.C.By hosting art exhibitions.D.By making artistic advertisements.18.A.Painting and writing. B.Graphic design and photography.C.Music and album cover design.D.Video editing and project management.19.A.Members can benefit without efforts.B.Members can make money by providing artistic services.C.Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D.Members can have access to the creative exchange list.petitive individualism. B.Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C.Individual fame in the art field.D.Material collaboration and exchange.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Japan's robot revolution in senior careJapan's artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry,with21(specialize)robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers.Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots22deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population23(eye)by the government as a potential market for medical technology now.Disappointing government predictions show that by2025,Japan's first baby boomers will have turned75 and about7million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia(痴呆).The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis24an additional380.000senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government25 (simplify)procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified.The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam,the Philippines,and Indonesia,under26Economic Partnership Agreement,was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture,fishery,and construction sectors.27the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers,the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat,with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely106students last year,28has slightly improved to216 students this year.Another depressing reality is that19to38percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home,29(cite)tough work conditions and long hours.Given the challenges,this is 30the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.smoothingB.remainC.switchedD.likelihoodE.impactF.tipG.broadly H.headed I.booming J.positioning K.reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences,spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska's southeastern31near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,32,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal.But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the33of glacial surging.During Turner's surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise,and current climate change models don't34account for these movements.For example,Greenland's glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early2000s,Greenland35from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures,which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it's lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it's36the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement37the glacier’s speed?Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,38onto the ice in August.They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and39them on rock outcroppings(露岩) alongside the glacier.This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will40on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite.41,recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts.They compute that,during the last 35years,investing in the10percent of U.S.stocks analysts were most42about would have yielded on average 3percent a year.43,investing in the10percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising15percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this44with the help of cognitive sciences and,in particular,using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness.Decision makers,according to this view,45therepresentative features of a group or a phenomenon.These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google.“Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth,which makes them46. The problem is that“Googles”are very47in absolute terms.As a result,expectations become too optimistic, and future performance48.A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics(动态变化)of stock returns.In related work,the authors also show that the same model can49booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at50them into economic models.Kahneman and Tversky's concept of“representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort.“In a classical example,we51to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,”Prof.Gennaioli says.“However,only10percent of Irishmen are redheads.In our work,we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the52of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe53and behavior in different fields,not only in financial markets.One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups.In a recent experimental paper,Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence,and in particular the54of women to compete in traditionally male subjects,such as mathematics.A slight prevalence of55male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women,driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41.A.Consequently B.Furthermore C.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile42.A.curious B.controversial C.concerned D.optimistic43.A.In brief B.By contrast C.In addition D.Without doubt44.A.engagement B.concentration C.puzzle D.definition45.A.memorize B.prioritize C.modernize D.fertilize46.A.representative B.argumentative C.executive D.sensitive47.A.harsh B.adaptable C.crucial D.rare48.A.cheers B.disappoints C.stabilizes D.improves49.A.account for B.count on C.suffer from D.hold up50.A.pouring B.admitting C.integrating D.tempting51.A.pretend B.afford C.offer D.tend52.A.effects B.delights C.intervals D.codespanions B.scales C.expectations D.findings54.A.necessity B.involvement C.perseverance D.reluctance55.A.equivalent B.exceptional C.mysterious D.distressingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best accordingto the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in1870with progressive parents,who frequently communicated with the country's leading thinkers and scholars.This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother's support was vital for some important decisions,such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education.Her parents'support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine,a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating,in1896,Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome,where she cared for children with learning difficulties.The rooms were bare,with just a few pieces of furniture.One day,she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs(面包屑)that had dropped on the floor.It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty.With the right learning materials,these and other young minds could be nurtured,Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses.In addition,each child should also be allowed to move and act freely,and use their creativity and problem-solving skills.Teachers took the role of guides,supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children's House in1907.When the Fascists(法西斯主义者)first came into power in Italy in1922,they initially embraced her movement.But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children's freedom of expression.Montessori's values had always been about human respect,and the rights of children and women,but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools'educational content,and in 1934Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy.She didn't return to her homeland until1947,and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in1952,at the age of81.56.The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was.A.her family's supportive influence on her educationB.her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC.her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD.her decision to study medicine,a field dominated by men57.What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A.Providing standardized,one-size-fits-all learning materials.B.Encouraging strict discipline and control over children's actions.C.Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D.Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58.Montessori decided to leave Italy in1934because.A.she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB.she wanted to avoid the Fascist's influence on her workC.she was offered a better job in a different countryD.she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59.Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A.Observant and innovative.B.Traditional and emotional.C.Progressive and dependent.D.Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit.In addition to improving the well-being of workers,cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions.But those benefits would depend on a number of factors,experts emphasize,including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions.A November2021survey of2,000employees and500business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week,the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than691million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated,experts said,if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling,particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage,experts said.According to a2006paper,if the United States adopted European work standards,the country would consume about20percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity.For example,if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day,that would help lower consumption—less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt's possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint,but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways,such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods.Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed.Meanwhile,some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities,such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment,we focus on the tangible,but actually,ina way,the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,”experts said.60.What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A.The well-being of employees.B.The conservation of energy.muting and travel.D.The European work standard.61.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence“the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible”in the lastparagraph?A.People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B.People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C.People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D.People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62.The passage is mainly written to.A.highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB.provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC.analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD.illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized,and has evolved on at least15 separate occasions.There are more than200species of an t in the Americas that farm fungi(真菌)for food,but this trait evolved just once sometime between45million and65million years ago.Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria:the ants plant the fungus, care for it,harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast,while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants,none were regarded as true agriculture.But in2016,Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich,Germany,discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bar k of trees.As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in.The ants defecate(排便)at designated absorptive places in these domain,providing nutrients for the plant.In return,as well as shelter,the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked.“They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,”says Chomicki,who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK.“It's definitely widespread.”The team identified37examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees,known as epiphytes(附生植物).By looking at the family trees of the ant species,the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when.Fifteen is a conservative estimate,says Campbell.All the systems evolved relatively recently,around1million to3million years ago,she says.Whether the37examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used.Not all of the species get food from the plants,but they do rely on them for shelter,which is crucial for ants living in trees,says Campbell.So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63.According to biologists,why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A.Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B.Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C.Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D.Because it is less common than previously thought.64.What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A.They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B.They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C.They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D.They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65.Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A.Ants’cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B.The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C.True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D.Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least15distinct occasions.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B.The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C.The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D.The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.In the end,it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B.Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C.To enter your workplace,you likely need to be recognizable.D.Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E.Eventually,discovering a person's doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F.A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you?Would it be a good thing?And if you did have one,would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you.Your passport,ID card and driving license all feature your face.67You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word‘doppelgänger’refers to a person who looks the same as you,essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity.Not identical twins,as a doppelgänger has no relation to you.The idea originated in German folklore.68So,let's get real.What are the chances of you having one in the first place?There's said to be a one in135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world,so the chances are pretty low,despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise.And the chances of meeting?The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said,these statistics may be a good thing.Historically,having a double wasn't always a positive.Back in1999,an innocent American man,indistinguishable from the real criminal,was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for19years.69.In a different case,a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!70The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meantthey were from the same family or had a common ancestor.It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike,creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting.However,as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing,we understand that after such an experience,you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years,cheerleading has taken two primary forms:game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading.Game-time cheerleaders'main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers,which should not be considered a sport.However,competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling(翻腾运动)ability.It's a very common thing for gymnasts,so it's easy for them to go into competitive ually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling,and overall energy.They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.It is awarded points for technique,creativity and ually the more difficult the action is,the better the score is.That's why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides,there is also a strict rule of time.The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds,during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area.Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries.According to some research,competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women.Generally,these injuries affect all areas of the body,including wrists,shoulders,ankles,head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills.It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down.So without working together to achieve the goal,first place is out of reach.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。
2016上海高考试题及答案-英语2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter.D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast.B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D.The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the followi ng passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the followi ng passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you arerequired to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Diary (June 13-19) □13SUN □14MON 17 for after-class activity application□15TUE □16WED Handing in three student18□17THU Basketball Club meetingTime:12:45—1:30pmPlace: The 19□18FRI Filling in a form withup-to-date personal data Time: 20 breakPlace: The computer room□19SATBlank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Who is Sue Walter? She is 21 in court and a writer.What is Sue’ssuggestion for peoplewith difficulties?22In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job? 23 in decision-making.What does Sue thinkhappiness is?24II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, useone word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries. After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in(27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about whatshe (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in yourlife, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If thetotal stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. accountB. adjustableC. appliancesD. captureE. decorationsF. directG. experimentH. intendedI. operatedJ. soullessK. squeezeGolden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to createsolutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight,smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, ofcourse, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level ofsenior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. belowD. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. objectD. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. electionD. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. westernD. male59. A. asking B. training C. warningD. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowdedD. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assumeD. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C.day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems”appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,”she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward. “‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,”I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,”I was still weeping. My panic hasgone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful.I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem”remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem”gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that “Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures wouldrise by 2100 even if nations live up tothe initial Paris promises to reducecarbon emissions; this rise could stillput coastal cities under water anddrive over half of all species toextinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, theAgreement requires countries totighten emissions targets every fiveyears. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s themessage from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s re port, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions sta tement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in pra ctice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how co mpanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social mediafirm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on anationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure inFar eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
2016届上海普陀高三一模英语试卷2016. 1第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Lonely. B. Impatient. C. Tired. D. Excited.2.A. In a printing shop. B. At a supermarketC. At a book storeD. In a library.3.A. Boss and employee. B. Teacher and student.C. Mother and son.D. Wife and husband.4.A. Give the ring to a police officer.B. Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest room.C. Hand in the ring to the security office.D. Take the ring to the administration building.5.A. He doesn‟t have money for his daughter‟s graduate studies.B. He doesn‟t think his daughter will get a business degree.C. He insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D. He advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.6.A. The woman misplaced her class permit for biology.B. The woman arrived for registration too early.C. The woman missed registration for the biology course.D. The woman got a wrong class permit.7.A. They don‟t agree on where to live.B. They don‟t want to live in a noisy area.C. They hope to save expenses of the wedding.D. They both work in the downtown area.8.A. Present an article on political science. B. Find a different theory in the article.C. Read more than one article.D. Choose a better article to read.9.A. The houses for sale are of better quality than advertised.B. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.C. The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers.D. The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale.10.A. The term paper was finished. B. The woman got the best score.C. He was sure his term project was good.D. His score was better than the woman‟s.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. A physicist. B. An engineer C. A town guide. D. A pilot.12.A. He was not happy with the new director.B. He was not qualified to be a mechanic.C. He wanted to travel.D. He found his job boring.13. A. His family. B. His career. C. His ambition. D. His schooling.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14.A. It has been successful. B. It remains to be solved.C. It is well understood.D. It is familiar to us.15.A, regular driver training. B. Improved highway design.C. Stricter traffic regulations.D. Better public transportation.16.A. Car accidents are avoided. B. It‟s better to improve car conditions.C. Attention must be paid to driver‟s honesty.D. The number of cars needs to be limited.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Wolfson College Language School Enrolment FormName Tony BrownTelephone number ___17___Language to learn ___18___Name of the branch school New ___19___Language level ___20___Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Where will the woman‟s husband wait for her? He will be at ___21___.Why was the man in Beijing? He came to attend an international conferenceon ___22___.What did the woman think of China? She thought it was rich in ___23___.He was always ___24___.Why hadn‟t the man visited those touristattractions in China?Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary （26分）Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Different forms of hospitality (好客)I am a British woman social anthropologist (人类学家). I once spent a year in Moldova, in Eastern Europe, (25) ______ (study) everyday life in the country. I stayed with a Moldovan family to see from the inside how people managed their lives. I had a wonderful time and made many new friends. What I observed is of course based on my own experience at a particular place and time.I often found (26) _______ surprisingly difficult to see life there through the eyes of a Moldovan. This was (27) ______ the people I met were extremely hospitable and I was treated as an honoured guest at all times. As my hosts, they wanted me to enjoy myself, and not to get (28) ______ (involve) in shopping, cooking, or other domestic jobs. Most mornings I was encouraged to go out to explore the city, or carry out my research, and I returned later to find that my elderly landlady and her sister had travelled across the city on buses to the central market (29) ________ (bring) back heavy loads of potatoes, a whole lamb, or other large quantities of products.I was often invited to people?s homes, and was always offered food on entering. Most of the adults I met enjoyed inviting friends, family, neighbours, colleagues and even strangers into their homes, (30) ______ they treated them to food, drink, and a lively hospitable atmosphere. Hosts hurried to serve guests as well and as quickly as possible. (31) ______ a household was expecting guest, large amounts of food were prepared in advance, usually by the women. Wine had already been made, generally by the men, (32) ______ were also responsible for pouring it. Unexpected visitors were still offered as much food and drink as the household (33) ______ provide in the circumstances.(B)How English family life has evolved since the eighteenth century The majority of English families of the pre-industrial age, roughly until the mid-eighteen century, lived in a rural location. Many of them owned or had the use of a small piece of land, and actually all family members were busy with agricultural work in one form or another, usually (34) _______ (grow) food for their own consumption and sometimes also producing food or other goods for sale.The labour was controlled by the husband, (35) ______ _____ his wife and children, too, had an economic value as their contributions to the family income were likely to make the difference between starvation and survival.Children worked from an early age, girls helping their mothers, and boys their fathers. School was an occasional factor in their lives. Instead, children learned by doing (36) _______ their parents showed them. Knowledge of caring (37) ______ animals, sewing was handed down from parent to child.Also, most people engaged in handicraft production in the home, and the family (38) ______ (pay) to work with cloth, wood or leather. In general, this work could be put aside and taken up again when there was a break such as agricultural work.The process of industrialization in the second half of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth transformed life for the majority of the population. It was the use of steam to power machinery (39) ______ required large buildings, and it resulted in the construction of numerous factories in many towns and cities. These in turn (40) _______（encourage）migration from thecountryside in search of work. If electricity had preceded steam, domestic industry might have survived more fully.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.mentB. complexC. depressionD. expectE. equivalentF. holdG. mapped H. recommended I. handle J. noted K. severeBeing sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or a(n) __41__ relationship. The effect was first __42__ in 1858by William Farr, who wrote that widows (寡妇)and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man?s life and two to a woman?s. The effects __43__ for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Marriage can do a lot. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can __44__ to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn‟t smoke. There‟s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse?s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same __45__ problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are, __46__ affected by social-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of __47__ later in life. People in supportive relationships may __48__ stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all __49__ if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being __50__ out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their heal th is interconnected.”III. Reading Comprehension（47分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Who needs sleep? It‟s 2 a.m. The time when you should be in beds, sound asleep. But pull back the curtains and you might be surprised by the number of lights on in your street Night-time is __51__ just for sleeping. It has become the new daytime, offering us the chance to catch up on everything we didn‟t manage to finish during what used to be our __52__ hours. Now, __53__ sleeping, we can check our bank balances by phone, buy groceries, surf the net for cheap flights orgo to the gym.Such flexibility, __54__, has a price. Our bodies are run by circadian rhythms (昼夜节律), a prehistoric internal clock that regulates when we feel sleepy or awake and affects our body temperature and level of alertness. It makes our brains and bodies __55__ during the day and allows them to recover through the night. So powerful is this clock that even two weeks on a nightshift without break will not __56__ its rhythm, and when scientists keep human volunteers in isolation, without any indication of what time it is in the day, they still show daily cycles of temperature changes, sleep and wakefulness, and hormone release. But, __57__ working against our body?s natural rhythm is likely to cause ourselves both physical and psychological damage. Research also shows it may actually __58__ our risk of health problems such as stomach diseases.Consultant Tom Mackey believes that our normal circadian rhythms are increasingly being completely __59__. “More and more of us are being pressured into doing things at odd hours. This is going to have a(n) __60__ impact on quality and length of sleep. If people don?t go to bed at a reasonable time, say around 11 p.m., and have between six and eight hours of sleep, they will be unable to concentrate. You need sleep for rest and __61__. If you stuff your mind with information for too long, then everything gets disorganized ---you become __62__ to manage daytime activities.”The circadian rhythms that run the sleep/wake cycle are as old as __63__ itself. Our prehistoric ancestors would have needed their biological clock to get them out hunting during the day and probably in bed around nightfall to avoid intruders. Our night vision is not as fast as that of nocturnal (夜间活动的) animals ---our natural rhythm was to sleep as the sun went down. The invention of the electric light obviously __64__ that. Like most biological systems, circadian rhythms are not made to __65__. Our internal clock runs a bit longer than 24 hours, hence its Latin name, circadian, which means “about a day.”51. A. by all means B. on earth C. in no time D. to this day52. A. sleeping B. waking C. business D. rush53. A. in terms of B. regardless of C. as a result of D. instead of54. A. furthermore B. otherwise C. however D. somewhat55. A. active B. relaxing C. tiring D. conscious56. A. form B. destroy C. improve D. recover57. A. Efficiently B. Proudly C. Continually D. Independently58. A. minimize B. assess C. avoid D. increase59. A. broken B. enhanced C. emphasized D. misunderstood60. A. effective B. negative C. direct D. reliable61. A. reservation B. resetting C. repair D. replacement62. A. bored B. willing C. likely D. unable63. A. evolution B. clock C. mystery D. hunting64. A. improved B. changed C. speeded D. followed65. A. measure B. reverse C. regulate D. discoverSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AWhen milk arrived on the doorstepWhen I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, i couldn‟t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note - “Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery” - and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn?t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son?s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.66. Mr Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer _____.A. to satisfy his curiosity.B. to please his mother.C. to show his magical power.D. to pay for the delivery.67. What can be inferred from Para. 3?A. He preferred tea to coffee.B. He had a large sum of money.C. He was treated as a family member.D. He was a famous and popular person.68. Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?A. It is forbidden by law.B. Its service is getting poor.C. It has been driven out of the market.D. Nobody wants to be a milkman now.69. Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?A. He planted flowers in it.B. He missed the good old days.C. He needed it for his milk bottles.D. He was fond of telling interesting stories.BCWUThe communication union Head of ResearchSalary: ￡55.271We are looking for a Head of Research to manage the CWU Research Department and Information Centre. You would be required to exercise control of all research work of the department and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff.The person appointed would be expected to carry out research work of a strategic nature across the range of businesses in which the CWU has or seeks membership and to contribute to the strategic thinking and direction of the union as a whole.You will need: proven line management skills, especially in managing and motivating a team; good research skills, holding a good degree in a related subject or other similar experience; a high level of mathematical and calculating skills; the ability to produce high quality work under pressure; a commitment to and knowledge of the trade union movement and social democratic politics; and knowledge and/ or experience of the postal and/ or telecommunications industry.To apply, please request an application pack by emailing hr@ or by telephoning HR (Human Resources ) on 020 8971 7482. When applying please state your source.Closing Date for Applications: 4th December 2015Anticipated interview date: 17th December 2015No agencies please70. In which column of a newspaper could we find this advertisement?A. Arts.B. Sales.C. Jobs.D. News.71. One of the duties of the person to be appointed is _____.A. taking charge of research work.B. seeking membership for the trade union.C. running a telecommunications company.D. managing a team of three or four members.72. If you want to apply for this position, you can do all EXCEPT _____.A. ask an agency for an application formB. dial 020 8971 7482 for more informationC. email hr@ for an application packD. send in your application before 4th December 201573. Which of the following applicants is most likely to be employed?A. A chemistry teacher with a master's degree.B. A clerk from a telecommunications company.C. A university graduate majoring in computer science.D. A director from a research centre with a master's degree.CA child's map often provides a much-needed rest for parents too. Time for an uninterrupted phone call, or a rest on the sofa. And naps have to be a good thing for preschools, surely, since they need to take a rest and get enough sleep for their brains to develop. Short naps have also been shown to be good for adults---improving alertness and reaction times.So it feels counterintuitive for a review of 26 studies to conclude that napping in children over two years of age may not be a good idea at all. The review says that after two years of age, napping is associated with going to sleep late at night, poorer quality sleep and waking earlier. So should we discourage naps in preschool children -even if they really seem to need one?Although the review talks about the effects of napping on two-year-olds, most of the evidence in review actually comes from studies on three-year-olds. Also, the authors of the view article are clear that the research on children?s naps is of poor quality; some studies rely on parents? remembering how much their children slept, or are for very short periods.A study published in the journal of attention disorders in February suffers from somemethodological shortcomings (for instance small numbers --only 28 children between the ages of three and four, and only for five days), but is at least a randomized (任意的) controlled trial, using actigraphs (活动记录仪) worn on the wrist to objectively measure sleep. It found that children who missed their naps slept better at night and scored higher in studies of memory and attention.Dr Mark Mahone, one of the authors, says that sleep at night may be of a better quality than during daytime napping. Having a sound sleep at night, he says, provides a greater proportion of the slow-wave, restorative sleep that promotes brain development and reinforces what has been learned the day before. The study also found that the children who went without naps did not sleep more at weekends.I could never get my children to nap, but for parents who can, there is no reason to stop. Mahone says that more research is needed before anyone starts making recommendation, and children?s sleep requirements are known to be variable.74. The word …'counterintuitive” in para. 2 most probably means _____.A. difficultB. UnreasonableC. revolutionaryD. meaningless75. What does the author think of the study published in Attention Disoders？A. Its objects are too young to take the testB. Its findings are reliable due to the actigraphsC. It has enough objects to produce the resultsD. It provides various ways to help adults to take naps76. According to Dr Mark Mahone, a better-quality night sleep will result in ______.A. frequent rests on the sofaB. higher efficiency of learningC. more serious attention disorderD. fewer daytime naps at weekends77. The author talks mainly about his or her_______.A. opinions on whether children needs napsB. various systemic studies on children?s napsC. comments on some studies on children?s napsD. understanding of the functions of children?s napsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Are bees happier in cities?We often think of them as living happily in wildflower meadows (草场) and rolling fields. But new research suggests Britain?s bees are happier near towns and cities.A new study of wildlife sites across four English counties has found that most are home to fewer species of bee today than they were in the past. It found that the expansion of farmland has actually been more damaging to Britain?s bee population than the concreting over (铺设混凝土) of the countryside for housing. For instance, meadows near Milton Keynes now boast more species of bee than sites in more rural areas.Reading University researcher Dr Deepa Senapathi believes intensive agriculture is to blame. Climate change could be destroying the relationship between bees and plants. That's according to a study that said warmer springs can change the life cycles of bees, which can throw them out ofthe plants they rely on. The research is the first clear example of the potential for climate change to destroy such critical relationships between species.While the gardens, parks and churchyards of towns and cities provide bees with a variety of plants to forage on and an extended flowering season, popular crops such as oilseed rape only bloom for a few weeks. Dr senapathi said: ?While concreting over the countryside may appear to be bad news for nature, we‟ve found that progressive urbanization may be much less damaging than intensive agriculture.Urban areas may benefit bees more than farmland by providing a wide variety of flowering plants and an extended flowering season, according to the researcher.“Over the past century rural landscapes in Britain have become increasingly dominated by large expanses of monoculture - the growing of a single type of plant, which has helped boost crop production. But without a mixture of habitat and food sources, rural areas can sometimes be little better than green deserts for biodiversity (生物多样性).”Scientists around the country are trying to work out why populations of bees and other insects are falling. Pesticides, climate change and disease may, like intensive farming, be playing a role.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. According to the new study of wildlife sites across four English countries, the number of bee species is_____79. According to Dr Senapathi, the development of cities causes __________________________ to bees than farmlands in suburbs.80. What are the two advantages of urban areas over farmland when it comes to housing for bees?81. Green deserts in the passage refers to the place where there is ______________________第II卷（共47分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets.1. 学生应该在课堂上举手回答问题。
静安区2012学年第二学期高三年级英语学科质量监控测试试卷第I 卷（共105分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Sectio n A, you will hear ten short con versati ons betwee n two speakers. At the end ofeach conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoke n only on ce. After you hear a con versati on and the questi on about it, read the fourpossible an swers on your paper, and decide which one is the best an swer to the questi on you have heard.1. A. 8:15.B. 8:45. 2. A. Terrible.B. Regretful. 3. A. Its quality.B. Its space. 4. A. Husba nd and wife.C. Customer and waitress.5. A. At a nu rsery school.B. At a studio. 6. A. He doesn ' t like living in the suburbs.C. He can ' t afford to stay there. 7. A. He gave the woma n the wrong in formati on. C. He put the sugar in the black container. 8. A. Take some medici ne. C. Take his temperature. 9. A. The woma n is good at maths.C. The man is the cheerleader in school. C. 9:13. C. Exhausted. C. Its desig n. B. Doctor and patie nt.D. Boss and employee. C. I n a ci nema. B. The suburbs make lots ofno ise.D. He has to pay a lot to take a taxi.B. He added salt to the coffee.D. He broke the two contain ers.B. Stay in hospital.D. Have some soft drink.B. The man has problem with maths.D. The woma n is a trouble maker.10. A. Sam applied for the job first.B. Christi na is supposed to be in charge of the departme nt.C. Sam is capable eno ugh of tak ing the resp on sibility.D. Christi na is the right pers on for the job vaca ncy.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questi ons on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questi ons will be spoke n only on ce. When you hear a questi on, read the four possible an swers on your paper and decide which one would be the best an swer to the questi on you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In the middle of the hall.B. At the back of the room.C. Next to the gate.D. At the in formatio n desk. 12. A. Speak without permission.B. Note down the agenda （议程）.C. Read the age nda carefully.D. Fill out a “ Speaker Card ”.13. A. Just share the ideas with the partner in the meet ing room.B. In terrupt the speaker whe never he just talks nonsen se.C. Keep quiet whe n somebody else is giv ing his opinions.D. 9:30. D. Satisfied. D. Its price. D. I n a store.D. Talk on the cell phone in a low voice during the meeting.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. 6a.m.-8a.m., 9p.m.-11p.m.. B. 5a.m.-7a.m., 5p.m.-7p.m..C. 5a.m.-6a.m., 5p.m.-6p.m..D. 6a.m.-7a.m., 8p.m.-9p.m..15. A. To make the town cleaner and better the environment.B. To reduce the amount of the waste.C. To in troduce a new resource-recycli ng compa ny.D. To try some new way out to decrease its n egative effects.16. A. They have to help clean the streets for a whole day.B. They have reached an agreeme nt with the local reside nts.C. They travel a lot to look after family bus in esses.D. They come back home late and miss the waste collect ion time.Section CDirections: In Sectio n C, you will hear two Ion ger con versati ons. The con versati ons will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with in formati on you have heard. Write your an swers on your an swer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: Ben eath each of the followi ng senten ces there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one an swer that best completes the sentence.25. The start of a new year brings hope — hope ______ b etter health, more happ in ess and greater success.A. amongB. forC. overD. on26. -What is the man, actually?T don ' t know fou re. But I think he can be ______ b ut a policeman.A. nothingB. someth ingC. everyth ingD. anything27. - Do you know where David is? I could n ' t find him any where.-Well. He ____ have gone far —his glasses are still here.A. shouldn ' tB. mustn ' tC. can ' tD. wouldn 't28. I suppose you are un willi ng to cha nge your idea, ___ ?A. aren ' t youB. do IC. don ' t ID. are you29. At the moment of the car accident, Jas on' s life ____ i n the blink of an eye.A. cha ngesB. had cha ngedC. was cha ngingD. cha nged30. The law says that all public build ings must be accessible to people who have trouble ____ .A. walkingB. walkC. to walkD. walked31. Many stude nts apply for a positi on at that compa ny, but only a few ___ .A. are being acceptedB. are acceptedC. have acceptedD. accept32. Desserts made from apples, such as pies, apple pan cakes and apples ________ in sugar are available for sampli ng.A. dippi ngB. dipC. dippedD. to dip33. Tom ' s resolution _____ up drinking alcohol lasted only two days.A. give nB. givi ngC. giveD. to give34. The boy, one of the so-called rich second generation, forced his parents to buy a new car it might cost.A. no matter howB. however highC. no matter how muchD. how much35. A bus in ess pla n should be a strategic outli ne of ___ y ou are going to do, why and how youare going to do it.A. whatB. whichC. howD. that36. The teacher left word with our monitor ____ she would explain the problem again next time.A. whoB. whichC. asD. that37. They will pay a visit to Europe in a couple of years ____ they have eno ugh mon ey.A. for fear thatB. on condition thatC. even thoughD. as well as38. Every time Gina catches her employees ____ time, she reminds them that time is mon ey.A. to wasteB. wasti ngC. wastedD. waste39. Not until 2012 _____ to a Chin ese writer for the first time.A. the Nobel Prize in literature was awardedB. was awarded the Nobel Prize in literatureC. was the Nobel Prize in literature awardedD. the Nobel Prize was awarded in literature40. Brain POP is an educati onal program con sist ing of brief ani mated videos _ a man n amedTim and his robot friend Moby discuss various subjects.A. in whichB. whichC. asD. in thatSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used on ce. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.More than two million people in Europe now have fiber broadband (光纤宽带)direct to their home, suggests a survey. The latest __41__ on superfast broadba nd delivered by fiber to the home (FTTH) show18% growth over the last survey compiled in late 2008.The continued growth suggests that the __42__ econo mic decli ne has not hit pla ns to build fiber n etworks. Swede n __43__ the list of n ati ons appl ying the tech no logy, with 10.9% of its broadba nd customers using fiber. Karel Helse n, preside nt of Europe ' Isiber -To-The-Home Coun cil, said the growth matched predicti ons that were __44__ whe n the credit crisis started to make itself felt. “ The nu mbers in 2009 are in line with the latest forsaicfcMI,r. Helse n.By 2012, the FTTH Coun cil expects that 13 millio n people across 35 Europea n n ati ons will have their broadba nd delivered by fiber. Such services would start at a speed of 100 megabits per sec ond (mbps), said Mr. Helse n. Around Europe more tha n 233 projects were un derway to lay the fibers that would __45__ homes or buildi ngs to the n et, said Mr. Helse n. Many of those, he said, were being operated by local governments or smaller net firms. Local governments were in terested in FTTH because of the econo mic and social __46__ it brought in its wake, said Mr. Helse n.The low delay in high-speed fiber n etworks made __47__ new uses of broadba nd, he said.“ No delay is very important, he said, “ specifically if you talk about __48__ that are time-dependent such as personal communications, conference calls or video calls where delays cause a lot of trouble. ” While early FTTH services were __49__ in cities, said Mr. Helse n, manymore were reach ing out to rural areas for e-health and e-lear ning projects.III. Readi ng Comprehe nsionSection ADirections: For each bla nk in the followi ng passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.Large compa nies n eed a way to reach the savi ngs of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller__50__, faces practically every compa ny trying to __51__ new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of rais ing the sort of sums n eeded from friends and people we know. While banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are gen erally __52__ to provide money on a perma nent basis for Ion g-term projects. So compa nies turn to public, in vit ing people to lend them mon ey, or take a share in the bus in ess in __53__ for a share in future profits. This they do by __54__ stocks and shares in the bus in ess through the Stock Excha nge. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of __55__ and organizations, both at home and overseas.When the saver n eeds his money back, he does not have to go to the compa ny with whom he origi nally placed it. __56__, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seek ing to__57__ his mon ey.Many of the __58__ needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the gover nment or by local authorities. Without hospitals, electricity, teleph on es, railways, this country could not __59__. All these require __60__ spending on new equipment and new developme nt if they are to serve us properly, requiri ng more money tha n is raised through taxes alone. The government, local authorities, and nationalized industries __61__ frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spe nding, and they, too, come to the Stock Excha nge.There is __62__ a man or woma n in this country whose job or whose sta ndard of livi ng does not __63__ the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or ano ther this new money must come from the savi ngs of the coun try. The Stock Excha nge __64__ to provide a cha nnel through which these savi ngs can reach those who n eed finance.50. A. level B. exte nt C. scale D. basis51. A. programme B. provide C. develop D. prepare52. A. un expected B. un willi ng C. un believable D. un certa in53. A. search B. exchange C. value D. comfort54. A. issu ing B. allowi ng C. produci ng D. acquiri ng55. A. immigra nts B. in vestigators C. in heritors D. i ndividuals56. A. I ndeed B. In fact C. In addition D. In stead57. A. elimi nate B. reflect C. in vest D. profit58. A. properties B. appliancesC. foun dati onsD. services59. A. fun ctio n B. experie nee C. share D. la unch60. A. i nvisible B. con ti nu ous C. limited D. econo mical61. A. therefore B. however C. n evertheless D. otherwise62. A. defi nitely B. almost C. hardly D. probably63. A. turn dow n B. depend on C. take over D. put off64. A. releases B. forces C. leaves D. existsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A voyaging ship was wrecked during a storm at sea and only two of the men aboard were able to swim to a small, desert-like island. Not knowing what else to do, the two survivors agreed that they had no alter nativetha n to pray to God.However, to find out whose prayers were more powerful, they agreed to divide the territory betwee n them and stay on opposite sides of the isla nd.The first thing they prayed for was food. The n ext morning, the first man saw a fruit-beari ng treeon his side of the isla nd, and he was able to eat its fruit. But the other man 'remained barren.After a week, the first man became Ionely and decided to pray for a wife. The next day, ano ther ship was wrecked and the only survivor was a woma n who swam to his side of the isla nd. But on the other side of the isla nd, there was nothing.Soon thereafter the first man prayed for a house, clothes and more food. The next day, like magic, all of these things were given to him. However, the second man still had nothing.Fin ally, the first man prayed for a ship so that he and his wife could leave the isla nd, and in the morning he found a ship docked at his side of the isla nd.The first man boarded the ship with his wife and decided to leave the second man on the island, considering the ot her man unworthy to receive God ' s blessings since none of his prayershad bee n an swered.As the ship was about to leave, the first man heard a voice from Heave n boo ming,s parcel of land“ W hyou leav ing your compa nion on the isla nd? ”“ Myblessings are mine alone since I was the one who prayed for them, "the first man answered. “ His prayers were all unanswered and so he doesn ' t deserve anything. ”“ You are mistaken! ” the voice rebuked him. “ He had only one prayer, which I answered. Ifnot for that, you would not have rec eived any of my bless in gs. ”“ Tellme," the first man asked the voice, “ whatdid he pray for that I should owe him anything? ”“ He prayed that all your prayers would be answered. ”For all we know, our bless ings are not the fruits of our prayers alone, but those of ano ther pray ing for us. So what you do for others is more importa nt tha n what you do for yourself.65. The first man ' s wife is _________.A. a swimmer who got to the island by accidentB. an an gel sent by God to keep him compa nyC. a survivor from ano ther wrecked shipD. a n ative pers on on the desert-like isla nd66. The un derl ined word “ barren "Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____ .A. isolatedB. un productiveC. fertileD. dry67. Which of the followi ng is true about the sec ond man?A. He didn ' t deserve any blessing from God.B. None of his prayers was an swered by God.C. He is not brave eno ugh to tell God his n eeds.D. His prayer helped his compa nion get out of trouble.68. What' s thmoral of the story?A. Never judge a pers on by appeara nee.B. Don ' t lose heart in trouble.C. Help ing others is help ing ourselves.D. Greed is the root of all evil.但)Stewart Isla nd Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excurs ion from In vercargill and Bluff.Experienee Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watch ing mollymawks (albatross) soari ng behi nd the ferry is a fan tastic sight.In teresti ng Ian dmarks com monly see n in elude Dog Isla nd Lighthouse, Ruapuke Isla nd, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island ' s highest po«Free tea and coffee on board«In terpretatio n han douts are available (En glish onl y).«Wheelchair access availablePers onal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per pers on (one stowed and one small carry-on).Additi onal baggage is by prior arran geme nt.Vehicle parking available at Bluff (extra cost - reservations recommended)20%_Multi-Purchase_REWARD ____ on Return Ferry ServicesBuy 2 or more different excursions and SAVE 20% off all lower priced! Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays! Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.69. If leavi ng a car at Bluff, a traveler had better ____ .A. refer to the han douts firstB. use wheelchair accessC. make a reservati onD. park it 30 mi nu tes before departure time70. John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28 th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably leaveBluff?A. At 8:00a.m..B. At 9:30a.m..C. At 11:00a.m..D. At 3:00p.m..71. Which of the followi ng is false about the ferry services?A. Tea and coffee are free for passe ngers.B. Childre n go free for travel for about 15 days.C. Travelers are sure to see some seabirds duri ng the cross ing.D. Passe ngers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.(C)Barack Obama urged con gressi on al leaders on Mon day to act quickly to pass a huge stimulus package for the U.S. economy. He met with a bipartisan (concerning or involving two different political parties) group of lawmakers on Capitol Hill. Later he met individually with Democratic and Republica n House and Sen ate leaders and spoke to a bipartisa n leadership gatheri ng. Incomme nts to reporters early on Mon day, he emphasized the urge ncy of fin aliz ing econo mic legislation （立法）.“ We have got an extraordinary economic challenge ahead of us, ”he said,are expect ing a soberi ng job report at the end of the week. Nancy Pelosi and her staff have bee n extraord inarily helpful in working with our team so that we can shape an economic recovery and rein vestme nt pla n that starts putt ing people back to work. ”Mr. Obama wants tax cuts for in dividual America ns and bus in esses to make up a sig ni fica nt portion of expectedlegislatio n. This could in volve as much as $300 billi on of a bill that is likely to go bey ond $700 billi on and in clude aid to cash-poor U.S. states, and money for alter native en ergy and a range of infrastructure （基础设施）projects. Later, Mr. Obama said he expects to be able to sig n legislati on as soon as the end of t his mon th, add ing that quick action is n ecessary to “ break the drive of the U.S. econo mic depressi on ”.Emerging later from bipartisan talks with Mr. Obama, Nancy Pelosi said lawmakers discussed with the preside nt how to pass a stimulus package as quickly a s possible. “ An econo micrecovery package that will create jobs immediately and will grow the economy and that is what we talked about today, ” said Nancy Pelosi. “ How we could do this fast, deliberatively and to act uponit soon. ” Just how soon that wtoeldPelosi would not say.How much support Democrats can obta in from Republica ns will depe nd on the details. But the severity of the U.S. econo mic depressi on has created con siderable bipartisa n back ing for quick action. Sen ate Majority Leader, Harry Reid s aid: “ There are in vestme nts that we n eed to make onbehalf of the America n people to turn around this economy. We felt very good about the meet ing; we are con fide nt that we can do this and we have to do this. ”"I think the best thing I can do is to decline to comment on what they are going to do going forward, said Dana Peri no. “ Obviously,we thi nk that tax cuts were the right way to help our economy get out of the econo mic depressi on that this preside nt in herited and we know that tax cuts can stimulate in novation. Asked by reporters how large the economic stimulus package might be, Sen ate Majority Leader Reid said Obama in dicated that all but one of some 28 econo mists advis ing him had said it should range from $800 billi on to $1.3 trilli on.72. Barack Obama urged con gressi onal leaders and met with bipartisa n leaders to ___ .A. take over the White HouseB. end econo mic decli neC. un dersta nd each other betterD. n egotiate political issues73. If the stimulus package is passed quickly and successfully, it can ____ .A. obtai n support from Republica nsB. fin alize econo mic legislatio nC. enhance America ' s international positionD. provide job opportunities74. What is the bipartisa n leaders ' attitude towards this meet ing?A. Un certa in.B. Hopeful.C. Disappo in ted.D. In differe nt.75. What can we infer from the passage?A. The best way out of the econo mic depressi on is tax cuts.B. The Republic Party plays the key role in cop ing with the econo mic depressi on.C. Democrats and Republica ns will team up in the econo mic depressi on.D. Whe n the stimulus package will be passed is known to the lawmakers.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra headi ng which you do not n eed.76. _________________________Most people are aware that outdoor air polluti on can damage their health, but many do not know that in door air polluti on can also have sig ni fica nt health effects. Environmen tal Protectio n Age ncy studies in dicate that in door levels of polluta nts may be 2-5 times, and occasi on ally more than 100 times, higher tha n outdoor levels. These levels of in door air polluta nts may be of particular concern because most people spe nd about 90% of their time in doors.77There are many sources of in door air polluti on in any home. These in clude combusti on sources such as oil, gas, coal, wood, and tobacco products; building materials and furnishings as diverse as deteriorated asbestos-c ontaining in sulatio n, wet or damp carpet, and cab in etry or furniture made of certain pressed wood products; products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, or hobbies; central heating and cooling systems and humidification devices; and outdoor sources such as rado n, pesticides, and outdoor air polluti on.78Immediate effects may show up after a sin gle exposure or repeated exposures. These in clude irritatio n of the eyes, no se, and throat, headaches, dizz in ess, and fatigue. Such immediate effects are usually short-term and treatable. Sometimes the treatment is simply eliminating the person's exposure to the source of the pollution, if it can be identified. Symptoms of some diseases, including asthma, hypersensitivity and fever, may also show up soon after exposure to some in door air polluta nts.The likelihood of immediate reacti ons to in door air polluta nts depe nds on several factors. Age and pre-existi ng medical con diti ons are two importa nt in flue nces. In other cases, whether a pers on reacts to a polluta nt depe nds on in dividual sen sitivity, which varies treme ndously from person to person. Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures, and it appears that some people can become sen sitized to chemical polluta nts as well.80Certa in immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral diseases, so it is ofte n difficult to determ ine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to in door air pollutio n. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to the time and place the symptoms occur. If the symptoms fade or go away when a person is away from the home and return when the person returns, an effort should be made to ide ntify in door air sources that may be possible causes.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. The n an swer the questi ons or complete the stateme nts in the fewest possible words.Childre n and adolesce nts who watch a lot of televisi on are more likely to have an tisocial and criminal behavior when they become adults, according to a new University of Otago, New Zealand, study published online in the journal Pediatrics . The study followed a group of around 1,000 children born in the New Zealand city of Dunedin in 1972-1973. Every two years between the ages of 5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. Those who watched more televisi on were more likely to have a crim inal con victi on and were also more likely to have an tisocial pers on ality traits in adulthood.The study found that the risk of havi ng a crim inal behavior by early adulthood in creased by about 30% with every hour that childre n spe nt watchi ng TV on an average week ni ght.The study also found that watch ing more televisi on in childhood was associated, in adulthood, with aggressive pers on ality, an in creased tendency to experie nee n egative emoti ons, and an in creased risk of an tisocial pers on ality disorder; a psychiatric disorder characterised by persiste nt patter ns of aggressive and an tisocial behavior.The researchers found that the relati on ship betwee n TV viewi ng and an tisocial behavior was not explained by socio-economic status, aggressive or antisocial behavior in early childhood, or pare nti ng factors.A study co-author, Lin dsay Roberts on, says it is not that childre n who were already an tisocial watched more television. “ Rather, children who watched a lot of television were likely to go on tomani fest an tisocial behavior and pers on ality traits. ”Other studies have suggested a link between television viewing and antisocial behavior, though very few have bee n able to dem on strate a cause-a nd-effect seque nee. This is the first‘ reallfe ' study that has asked about TV viewing throughout the whole childhood period, and has looked at a range of an tisocial outcomes in adulthood. As an observati onal study, it cannot prove that watching too much television caused the antisocial outcomes, but the findings are consistent with most of the research and provides further evidenee that excessive television can have Ion g-term con seque nces for behavior.Antisocial behavior is a major problem for society. While we' reiot saying that televisioncauses all an tisocial behavior, our findings do suggest that reduci ng TV view ing could go someway towards reduc ing rates of an tisocial behavior in society, ” says Associate Professor Han cox.The America n Academy of Pediatrics recomme nds that childre n should watch no more tha n1 to2 hours of quality television programming each day. The researchers say their findings support the idea that pare nts should try to limit their childre n's televisi on use.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS. )81. The aim of the study is to reveal _____________________________________________ .82. The researchers chose ____________________________________________ as theirresearch subjects (研究对象) .83. What' s the shortcoming of most of the studies on this topic?84. What do you suppose many pare nts will do after readi ng this passage?第II卷（共45分）I. TranslationDirections: Tran slate the followi ng sentences into En glish, using the words give n in the brackets.85. 许多驾驶员对新的交通法规都感到不习惯。
2015-2016学年第一学期静安区高三英语练习卷 第I卷 （共103分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. 20 pounds. B. 60 pounds. C. 30 pounds. D. 40 pounds. 2. A. At 7:10. B. At 8:00. C. At 7:50. D. At 7:30. 3. A. A teacher. B. A student. C. A lawyer. D. A friend. 4. A. Because there was a heavy traffic. B. Because he has been somewhere else. C. Because he was caught by the police. D. Because he doesn’t like going to school. 5. A. Looking for a timetable. B. Buying some furniture. C. Reserving a table. D. Window shopping. 6. A. Henry doesn’t like the color. B. Someone else painted the house. C. There was no ladder in the house. D. Henry painted the house himself. 7. A. She doesn’t spend much time with her friends. B. She doesn’t like her new school. C. She has adapted easily to her new school. D. She spends most of her free time at school. 8. A. Jim is very interesting. B. Jim hasn’t found anything. C. Jim has got a new job. D. Jim is very lazy. 9. A. They are disappointed in the recent changes. B. They are delighted at the taste of the Italian food. C. They are not happy with the price. D. They are satisfied with the chef newly employed. 10. A. She would rather invite more people to come. B. They would prepare more food and drinks. C. There was too much food at the previous meeting. D. The family members always eat a lot.
Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. In a library. B. In a classroom. C. In a laboratory. D. In a computer room. 12. A. Reading and writing. B. Grammar and computer. C. Listening and speaking. D. Pronunciation and self-study. 13. A. A book review. B. A classroom rule. C. A visit plan. D. A weekly timetable. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In fall. D. In winter. 15. A. Confusing. B. Innovative. C. Amusing. D. Wasteful. 16. A. To standardize daylight savings time. B. To establish year-round daylight savings time. C. To end daylight savings time. D. To shorten daylight savings time.
Section C Directions: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. The Suggestions Box
The first suggestion: Change morning tea break to __17__. The second suggestion: Reducing the __18__ of the printer. The third suggestion: Adopting __19__ working hours. The attitude of the man: He __20__ with the Managing Director about the third suggestion.
Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. What is Harrods, the biggest department store in the UK famous for? Its __21__ and Egyptian Hall.
How do people feel when they are in the Egyptian Hall? They feel they are __22__. How does Harrods get most of its power? By __23__ itself. How is the business during the January sales? There is an increase in __24__.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) One of my favourite moments as a physician occurs when, with a very somber look, I inform patients that there’s one thing they absolutely (25) _______ do in order to make a successful recovery after a cardiac event: Go home and laugh until they cry. You see, we now know that there’s far more to maintaining heart health and reversing heart disease (26) _______ diet, exercise, and cholesterol level. The latest research indicates that stress, and an inability (27) __________(deal with) it, is a direct contributor to heart disease. For example, a study involving nearly 250,000 people found that anxiety (28) _________ (associate) with a 26 percent increase in coronary heart disease over an 11-year period. Anger and hostility rank at the top of the list of heart-harmful emotions. Harvard Medical School researchers recently found that 40 percent of patients (29) ________suffered a heart attack reported significant anger within the previous year, and roughly 8 percent of that group reported that they felt rage within two hours of heart attack symptoms. But (30) ________ studies reveal a great deal about the harm that negative emotions deliver to the heart, they also clearly demonstrate the amazing healing power of positive emotions. In my 25 years as a cardiologist (31) _______(perform) clinical trials and treating patients, I’ve seen firsthand (32) ________ we can harness optimism, confidence, laughter, social connections, and relaxation to help our hearts get and stay healthy. (B) Why Finnish Babies Don’t Sleep in Cribs. For expectant parents in Finland, their ―bundle of joy‖ isn’t just the baby. Since 1938, new mothers and fathers have received a cardboard box, often (33) _______(use) as the baby’s first crib, filled with a small mattress, blankets, infant clothes, outerwear, toiletries, and more. The Finnish government supplies the boxes, (34) _______(say) the gift encourages good parenting habits and aims to give all the children (35) _______ equal start. Some experts think that the start kit has even helped Finland achieve one of the world’s (36) _______(low) infant-mortality rates. Before the tradition began, when many Finnish babies slept in their parents’ beds, 65 out of 1,000 babies died each year. (37) _______ the introduction of the box—and the custom of having babies sleep separately from their parents—Finland’s infant-mortality rate has plummeted to only 3.4 deaths of for every 1,000 babies. Over the years, the box’s contents (38) _________(often reflect) historical trends. Until 1957, the kids contained plain fabric that mothers would use to sew the baby’s clothes. Stretchy fabrics appeared in the 1960s; disposable diapers debuted in 1969. As more women began careers in the 1970s, the layette came in easy-to-clean stretch cotton. In 2006, cloth diapers reappeared for environmental reasons, and bottles were removed to promote breast-feeding. ―It’s easy to know when babies were born (39) _______ the box changes a little each year,‖ Titta Vayrynen, 35 and the mother of two young boys, told a reporter for the BBC. ―It’s nice to compare clothes
