The Nirvana of Myth--A Research on Neil Gaiman’s American Gods

美国文学作者作品Edwards: 爱德华兹The Freedom of the Will 《论意志自由》Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended 《论原罪》The Nature of True Virtue 《论真实德行的本原》名篇：Personal Narrative 《自述》Sinners in the hands of an Angry God 《愤怒上帝手中之罪》Benjamin Franklin:本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷理查德年历》Autobiography 《自传》Washington Irving:华盛顿·欧文A History of New York《纽约外传》The Sketch Book 《见文札记》名篇：Rip Van Winkle《瑞普·温·凡克尔》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷传奇》James Fenimore Cooper:詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子故事集》The Pioneer 《拓荒者》The Prairie 《大草原》The Last of Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》The Pathfinder《探路人》The Deerslayer 《猎鹿者》Ralph Waldo Emerson:拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Nature 《论自然》Self-Reliance 《论自立》Essays 《随笔集》名篇：The American Scholar 《美国学者》（has been regarded as “American Declaration of Intellectual Independence”被誉为美国思想的独立宣言）The PoetHenry David Thoreau:亨利·戴维·梭罗Walden 《瓦尔登湖》Nathaniel Hawthorne:纳撒尼尔·霍桑The Scarlet Letter《红字》The House of the Seven Gables 《七个尖角阁的房子》Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》The Marble Faun 《玉石神像》Ethan Brand 《伊桑布兰德》Young Goodman Brown 《好小伙子布朗》Dr. Heidggeger’s Experiment 《海德格博士的体验》The Ambitions Guest 《野心勃勃的客人》The Greast Stone Face 《巨石脸》Herman Melville:赫尔曼·梅尔维尔Moby Dick《白鲸》Omoo《欧穆》Mardi《玛地》Typee 《泰比》Redburn 《雷德本》White Jacket 《白外衣》Pierre《皮埃尔》Billy Budd《比利伯德》Benito Gereno《班纳托西兰尼》Walt Whitman:沃尔特·惠特曼Leaves of Grass《草叶集》Songs of Myself《自我之歌》There was a Child Went Forth《有个小孩走过来》I Sing the Body Electric《我歌唱带电的肉体》Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking《走出永不休止地摇动着的摇篮》Emily Dickenson:艾米莉·狄金森My Life Closed Twice before Its Close《我的生命已结束过两次》Because I Can’t Stop for Death《因为我不能等待死亡》I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I died《我死时听到了苍蝇的嗡嗡声》Mine—by the Right of the White Election《我的丈夫—选择如意情人的权利》Wild Nights—Wild Nights《暴风雨夜》William Dean Howells:豪威尔斯The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》Henry James:亨利·詹姆斯The American《美国人》Daisy Miller《黛西·米勒》The Portrait of a Lady《贵妇的画像》The Ambassadors《专使》The Wings of Dove《鸽翼》The Golden Bowl《金碗》Harriet Beecher Stowe:哈丽叶特·比切·斯托Oldtown Folks《老城的人们》Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》Bret Harte:布勒特·哈特The Luck of Roaring Camp《咆哮营的幸运儿》Hamlin Garland:哈姆林·加兰Main-Traveled Roads《大路条条》Sarah Orne Jewett:萨拉·奥恩·朱亚特Deephaven《深深拥有》Kate Chopin:凯特·肖邦Bayou Folk《路易斯安娜移民》A Night in Acadie《爱克迪之夜》The Awakening《觉醒》Mark Twain:马克吐温The Gilded Age《镀金时代》The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆索亚历险记》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝利·芬历险记》Mysterious Stranger《神秘的陌生人》The Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》Mark Twain Autobiography《马克吐温自传》Stephen Crane:斯蒂芬·克莱恩A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎麦琪》The Open Boat《海上扁舟》The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》The Black Riders《黑骑手》Frank Norris:弗兰克·诺里斯McTeague《麦克提格》The Octopus《章鱼》The Pit《深渊》The Responsibilities of the Novelist《小说家的责任》Theodore Dreiser:西奥多·德莱塞Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》The Financier《金融家》The Titan《巨人》The Stoic《斯多葛》The Genius《天才》An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》Jack London:杰克·伦敦The Call of the Wild《野性的呼唤》White Fang《白牙》The Sea Wolf《海狼》Martin Eden《马丁·伊登》The People of the Abyss《深渊中的人们》The Iron Heel《铁蹄》O·Henry:欧·亨利The Gift of the Magi《麦琪的礼物》After Twenty Years《二十年后》The Furnished Room《带家具出租的房间》Cope and the Anthem《警察与赞美诗》The Last Piece of Ivy Leaves《最后一片常春藤叶》Upton Sinclair: 厄普顿·辛克莱The Jungle《丛林》Ezra Pound:埃兹拉·庞德Cathay《华夏集》The Cantos《诗章》Hugh Selwyn Mauberley《休·塞尔温·毛伯利》T·S·Eliot:艾略特The Waste Land《荒原》Four Quartets《四个四重奏》Ash Wednesday《圣灰星期三》Hollow Man《空心人》The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock 《杰·阿尔弗雷德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌》Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯Harmoniun《风琴》Collected Poems《诗集》Best-known poems: The Emperor of Ice-Cream《冰激凌皇帝》Anecdote of the Jar《坛子的故事》Sunday Morning《星期天早晨》The Idea of Order at Key West《基维斯特的秩序观念》William Carlos William威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯Paterson《帕特森》Robert Frost罗伯特·弗罗斯特Poetry Anthology:A Boy’s Will《少年意志》North of Boston《波士顿以北》Mountain Interval《山间》New Hampshire《新罕普什尔》West-Running Brook《西流的溪涧》A Further Range《又一片牧场》A Witness Tree《一株作证的树》Well-known poem: The Road Not Taken《未选择的路》Carl Sandburg卡尔桑德堡Chicago Poems《芝加哥诗抄》Cornhuskers《剥玉米的人》The American Songbag《美国民歌集成》The Prairie Years《草原年代》The War Years《战争年代》The People, Yes《人民，是的》Complete Poems《诗歌全集》E·E·Cummings肯明斯The Enormous Room《巨大的房子》Hart Crane哈特·克兰The Bridge《桥》Marianne Moore玛丽安·穆尔Collected Poems《诗集》F·Scott Fitzgerald费茨杰拉德This Side of Paradise《人间天堂》The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》Tender is the Night《夜色温柔》Tales of the Jazz《爵士乐时代的故事》The Beautiful and the Damned《漂亮冤家》The Last Tycoon《最后的大亨》Flappers and Philosophers《轻佻女郎与哲学家》Ernest Hemingway海明威The Sun Also Rises《太阳照常升起》Death in the Afternoon《午后之死》The Old Man and the sea《老人与海》Green Hills of Africa《非洲青山》A Farewell to Arms《永别了武器》For Whom the Bell tolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》。

美国文学__选择题__诗歌分析题前4章American LiteratureChapter 1 The Romantic PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Of all the following issues, _____is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history.A. Puritan moralityB. Human bestialityC. Noble savagesD. Divinity of man2. Henry David Thoreau’s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the New England Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"3. "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind" is a famous quote from______’s writings.A. Walt WhitmanB. Henry David ThoreauC. Herman MelvilleD. Ralph Waldo Emerson4. ’Leaves of Grass’ commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and the American Civil War.A. the democratic idealsB. the romantic idealsC. the self-reliance spiritsD. the religious ideals5. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme_________.A. democratB. individualistC. romanticistD. leader6. The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as ___________.A. The Naturalist PeriodB. The Modern PeriodC. The Romantic PeriodD. The Realistic Period7. In the following works, which sign the beginning of the American literature?A. The Sketch BookB. Leaves of GrassC. Leather Stocking TalesD. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn8. _____is the author of the work ’The Legend of Sleepy Hollow’.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats9. Washington Irving’s ’Rip Van Winkle’ is famous for_________.A. Rip’s escape into a mysteriousB. The story’s German legendary source materialC. Rip’s seeki ng for happinessD. Rip’s 20-years sleep10. Which of the following statement is not true about Washington Irving?A. Washington Irving is regarded as Father of the American short stories.B. Irving’s relationship with the Old World in terms of his literar y imagination can hardly be ignored considering his success both abroad and at home.C. I rving’s taste was essentially progressive or radical.D. Washington Irving has always been regarded as a writer who "perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced."11. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-Soul12. The phrase "a transparent eye-ball’ compares philosophical mentation of Emerson’s. It appears in_________.A. The American ScholarB. NatureC. The over SoulD. Essays: Second Series13. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmeasas :Our Intellectual Declaration of Independence".A. "Self-Reliance"B. "Divinity School Address"C. "The American Scholar"D. "Nature"14. _____is the most ambivalent (有争议的) writers in the American literary history.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Walt WhitmanC. Ralph Waldo EmersonD. Mark Twain15. "There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity", which author of the following authors does the mention belong to________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman16. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as________.A. saviorsB. villainsC. commentatorsD. observers17. All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except_______.A. The House of the Seven GablesB. White JacketC. The Marble FaunD. The Blithedale Romance18. Walt Whitman is radically innovative in the form of his poetry. What he prefers for his new subject is__________.A. free verseB. blank verseC. lyric poemD. heroic couplet19. Which of the following features cannot characterize poems by Walt Whitman?A. Lyrical and well-structuredB. Free-flowingC. Simple and rather crudeD. Conversational and casual20. " The horizon’s edge, the flying sea-crow, the fragrance of salt marsh and shore mud. These became part of that child who went forth every day, and who now goes, and will always go forth every day." The two lines are taken from____________.A. "There Was a Child Went Forth" by Walt WhitmanB. "In a Station of the Metro" by Ezra PoundC. "Cavalry Crossing a Ford" by Walt WhitmanD. "Ulysses" by JoyceAnswer: A (P454)21. "Moby Dick" is regarded as the first American_________.A. Prose epicB. Comic epicC. Dramatic fictionD. Poetic fictionAnswer: A (P460)22. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT________.A. mystery of the universeB. sin of the whaleC. power of the great NatureD. evil of the worldAnswer: B (P461)23. Which of the following comments on the writings by Herman Melville is not true?A. "Bartleby, the Scrivener" is a short story.B. "Benito Cereno" is a novella.C. The Confidence---Man has something to do with the sea and sailors.D. Moby-Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic.Answer: C (P459---460)24. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is____, therefore, self-reliant.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-looking10. It is on his____________ that Washingt on Irving?s fame mainly rested.A. childhood recollectionsB. sketches about his European toursC. early poetryD. tales about America12. As a philosophical and literary movement, the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ____________________.A. nature, man and the universeB. the relationship between man and womanC. the development of Romanticism in American literatureD. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism13. About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the followingstatements is NOT right?A. It?s very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.B. It?s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.C. It?s mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the maincharacters and the people in general.D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.15. In his poems, Walt Whitman is innovative in the terms of the form of his poetry, which is called “____________________.”A. free verseB. blank verseC. alliterationD. end rhyming21. More than five hundred poems Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general Skepticismabout the relationship between ______ is well-expressed.A. man and manB. men and womenC. man and natureD. men and God22. Which of the following is right about Emily Dickinson?s poems about nature?A. In them, she expressed her general affirmation about the relationship between man and nature.B. Some of them showed her disbelief that there existed a mythical bond between man and nature.C. Her poems reflected her feeling that nature is restorative to human beings.D.Many of them showed her feeling of nature?s inscrutability and indifference to the life andinterests of human beings.23. As a great innovator in American literature, Walt Whitman wrote his poetry in an unconventionalstyle which is now called free verse, that is _________.A. lyrical poetry with chanting refrainsB. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme schemeC. poetry without rhymes at the end of the lines but with a fixed beatD. poetry in an irregular metric form and expressing noble feelings31. Which of the following statements can be said about the works of Scott Fitzgerald, a spokesman of the “Roaring 20s”?38. In Hawthorne?s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as ______________.A. commentatorsB. observersC. villainsD. saviors39. Besides sketches, tales and essays, Washington Irving also published a book on ______, which is also considered an important part of his creative writing.A. poetic theoryB. French artC. history of New YorkD. life of George Washington43. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is nota usual subject of her poetic expression?A. Religion.B. Life and death.C. Love and marriage.D. War and peace.44. In 1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson made a speech entitled _______ at Harvard, which was hailed by Oliver Wendell Holmes as "Our intellectual Declaration of Independence."A. "Nature"B. "Self-Reliance"C. "Divinity School Address"D. "The American Scholar"46. In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fameon both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is_______________.A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman47. The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision．”Th eTerm “black vision” refers to______________.A. Hawthorne's observation that every man faces a black WallB. Hawthorne's belief that all men are by nature evilC. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his storyD. that Puritans of Hawthorne's time usually wore black clothes52. Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereasWhitman likes to keep his eye on human Society at large,Dickinson often addresses such issues as_______, immortality, religion, love and nature.A. progressB. freedomC. beautyD. death53. The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the_______in the American literary history．A. individual feelingB. survival of the fittestC. strong imaginationD. return to nature61. American Romanticism stretches from the end of the ________ century through the outbreak of ______.A. 18th, the Civil WarB. 18th, the War of IndependenceC. 19th, WWID. 19th, WWII62. _________ believes that the chief aim of literary creation is beauty, and “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”A. Walt WhitmanB. Edgar Allen PoeC. Anne BradstreetD. Ralph Waldo Emerson63. In Emily Dickinson?s Because I Could Not Stop for Death, ______________.A. death is personified as a devilB. death is described as the tragic end of a person?s lifeC. death is a stage of life and it leads people to the Heaven of immortalityD. death is described as a beautiful girl who couldn?t find her final destination64. Which is generally regarded as the manifesto and the Bible of American Transcendentalism?A. Thoreau?s WaldenB.Emerson?s NatureC. Poe?s Poetic PrincipleD. Thoreau?s Nature65. Henry David Thoreau?s work, ________, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of the NewEngland Transcendental Movement.A. WaldenB. The PioneersC. NatureD. "Song of Myself"66. …Leaves of Grass? commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodimentof________, which are written in the founding documents of both the Revolutionary War and theAmerican Civil War.A. the democratic idealsB. the romantic idealsC. the self-reliance spiritsD. the religious ideals67. ________is the author of the work “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”.A. Washington IrvingB. James JoyceC. Walt WhitmanD. William Butler Yeats70. We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman?s poems are characterized by all the following features except that they are _______________.A. conversational and crudeB. lyrical and well-structuredC. simple and rather crudeD. free-flowing77. The Transcendentalists believe that, first, nature is ennobling, and second, the individual is ____________.A. insignificantB. vicious by natureC. divineD. forward-looking78. The Publication of ______established Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.A. NatureB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Over-SoulAnswer: C (P402)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "T ime grew worse and worse with Rip Van Winkle as years of matrimony rolled on: a tart temper mellows with age, and a sharp tongue is the only edge tool that grows keener by constant use. For a long while he used to perpetual club of the sages, philosophers, and other idle personages of the village.Questions:1) Please identify the author and the title of the work.2)What’s the meaning of this passage?参考答案:1) This is an excerpt from "Rip Van Winkle" by Washington Irving. (P408)2) With his wife’s dominance at home, the situation became harder and harder for Rip Van Winkle. His wife’s temper became worse and she scolded him for more often. He had to stay in the club with idle people. (P407)附:Question: Please describe the changes Rip Van Winkle experienced.Answer: 1) Rip Van Winkle was the hero in Irving’s works. He was a good-natured man, a henpecked (惧内的，妻管严的) husband.2) Because his wife’s shrewish (泼妇一样的) treatment, Rip had to escape from his home to the little inn in the village. When it failed to give him some restful air, he had to go hunting in the high mountain, where Rip met a stranger, and the man asked Rip to carry keg for him. Then Rip reached the place in the valley, where many strangers were playing nine-pins. Later Rip got drunk after drinking the liquor, which made him sleep for 20 years.3) Rip woke up as an old man, entering the village learned that his wife had died, he got the freedom of his own,; and the American had been dependent from the control of Britain, he had changed from a subject ofthe King (George III) into a citizen of the independent new U.S.....2. " I celebrated myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you"Questions:1) Please identify the author and the title of the poem that had used when published. 2) What is the theme of this poem?参考答案:1) In the 1856, the title was "Poem of Walt Whitman, an American", then it became "Walt Whitman" in 1860, until 1881, it finally became "Song of Myself". The author is Walt Whitman. (P456--457)2) In this poem Whitman sets forth two principle beliefs:A. The theory of universality (普遍性), which is illustrated by lengthy catalogues of people and things;B. The belief in the singularity (个别性) and equality(平等性) of all beings in value. (P457)3. "Standing on the bare ground, ----my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, -----all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all."Questions:1) Please identify the author and the title of the work.2) Please briefly interpret this passage.3). What rhetorical device of "transparent eye-ball".4) Emerson said he want to become a transparent eye-ball, what king idea did he want to express?参考答案:1) This selection is from "Nature" by Emerson. (P427)2) In the essay Emerson clearly expresses the main principles of his Transcendentalist pursuit and his love for nature. Emerson develops his concept of "Over-Soul" Or "Universal Mind". Last but not the leas, it affirms the divinity of the human beings. (P423)3) It used the device of metaphor. (P423) 4) He wanted to tell us: Nature can purify (净化) our quality and let us get comfort. (P243)III. Questions and answers:1. The Romantic Period was called "The AmericanRenaissance". Discuss the background of the Romantic Period, and compare it with the Romanticism of Britain.Answer:1) The two Romanticism both stress the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature;2) They all pay attention to psychic states of the characters and exalt the individual and common man;3) American Romanticism revealed unique characteristics: (difference)<1> American authors describe their native land,, especially the spirit of the pioneering into the west, the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature;<2> American writers use local dialect in language;<3> Puritanism has great influence over American Romantics;<4> Calvinism of original sin is obvious in their works;<5> Transcendentalism is very important theory in American Romanticism;<6> The important setting in American Romanticism are:①the early puritan settlement; ②the confrontation with the Indians; ③ the frontiersmen’s life; ④ the wild west; ⑤ imagination. (P399—402)2. Analyze the themes and characteristic of Hawthorne.Answer:Hawthorne was a man with inquiring imagination, meditative mind and dark vision to life.His themes in writing are:1) Man was born with evil and sin, one source of them is over-reaching intellect, whose image was always villain; (Chllingworth e.g.)2) Hawthorne was influenced greatly by Puritanism, while he criticized it bitterly;3) He believed Calvinistic ideas, thinking man was depraved and corrupted; they should obey God for saving the spirits;4) He concerned the moral life of man and human history;5) He was keen on the description of man’s development of psychology. (P432—433)3. Explain the theory of Transcendentalism, then list its important author and works.Answer:Transcendentalism is a very important theory in American Romanticism, its main ideas are:1) Man has the capacity of knowing truth intuitively, or the ability of getting knowledge transcending the senses;2) Nature is ennobling and individual is divine, therefore, man should be self-reliant.3) Man is divine/holy and perfectible and man can trust himself to decide what is right and act accordingly; (but to Hawthorne and Melville man is a sinner);4) Universe is over-soul -a symbol of the spirit, God or the universe, there is an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal "over-soul" -unity of Nature.5) The important authors are: Emerson (The American Scholar) and Thoreau.6) "Nature", Emerson’s works, is called the unofficial manifesto fo r the club. (P421—P422)4. Hawthorne was a master in using symbol and allegory; cite some example to analyze it.Answer:1) Allegorically, Young Goodman Brown becomes anEveryman called Brown, who will be aged in one night by an evil adventure, and the evilness makes everyone a fallen idol in the world.2) In the angle of Symbol: "Brown look up to the Heaven and resist the wicked one" symbols Brown has the force to resist the evilness of the Nature and he still has the faith to God; but "he is alone in the forest" symbols the society is the place full of sins and evilness, Brown’s strength is not enough at all; then after returning, he lives a dismal and gloomy life symbols he has been crushed down by the social evilness and lost his belief in goodness and piety. (P434—435)5. Washington Irving was called "Father of the American short stories" and "the American Goldsmith". What characteristics did he have?Answer:1) He was nostalgic author, and he always juxtaposing the Old and the New world;2) He remained a conservative and always exalted a disappearing past, and he prefer the past to present, prefer a dream-like world to a real one;3) His stories were always from legend, especially German legends, showing best classic style. (P405—406)6. Sea adventure s are Melville’s favorite subject; "Moby-Dick" is a great novel in the theme, which is alsonoted for its symbolism, please analyze it in detail.Answer:1) About the sea adventure: it symbols the voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe; a spirit exploration into man’s deep re ality and psychology;2) About the boat; it symbols the society, and the crewsymbol all kinds of people with different social and ethnic ideas;3) About the white whale: To the author, it symbols nature, it is a complex, unfathomable and beautiful; To the captain Ahab, it is evilness, is a wall. So he will lead all his crew to cut through the wall to dig out all the unknown, mysterious things behind it. To the narrator, Ishmael, it is a mystery. (P460—461)7. Walt Whitman is a unique poet. Can you explain what make him unique?Answer:1) His themes are: Democracy; the Revolutionary War and the Civil War; freedom; openness; brotherhood; individualism; the growth of industry and the wealth of the cities; universality.2) His styles are special: "free verse"; "catalogue"; simple and even crude language. (P448-551)PART TWO: AMERICAN LITERATUREChapter 2 The Realistic PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Emily Dickinson was sometimes curious about the feeling of speech of death and in one of her poems she wrote about the______of death, the title of the poem is "I heard a Fly buzz when I died".A. momentB. sufferingC. happinessD. meaningAnswer: A (P518)2. Theodore Dreiser belonged to the school of literary ______which emphasized heredity and environment as important deterministic forces shaping individualized characters who were presented in special and detailed circumstances.A. naturalismB. realismC. determinismD. humanismAnswer: A (P524)3. More than five hundred poems that Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general _____about the relationship between man and nature is well expressed.A. skepticismB. eulogyC. happinessD. denialAnswer: A (P518)4. "This is my letter to the World" is a poem expressing Emily Dickinson’s _____about her communication with the outside world.A. happinessB. angerC. AnxietyD. sorrowAnswer: C (P520)5. Though secluded herself in her own house, Emily Dickinson was never really indifferent of the outside world, as could be seen in her poems such as "I like to see it lap the Miles", which describes a(n) ______, an embodiment of modern civilization.A. snakeB. animalC. the roadD. trainAnswer: D (P521)6. After "The Adventure of Tom Sawyer", Twain gives a literary independence to T om’s buddy Huck in a book called_____, and the book from which "all modern American literature comes".A. Life on the Mississippi RiverB. The Gilded AgeC. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. The Sun Also RisesAnswer: C (P479---480)7. Winterbourne is used as a ______in Henry James’s "Daisy Miller".A. ProtagonistB. Narrator of the eventsC. A character of central consciousnessD. PersonaAnswer: C (P499)8. Emily Dickinson’s verse is most aptly characterized as ___________.A. exposing the evils of the societyB. paving the way for the following generation of free verse poetsC. sharing the same poetic conventions as Walt WhitmanD. exhibiting sensitiveness to the symbolic implications of experience, such as love, death, immortality and etc.Answer: D (P518)9. The author of "The Portrait of a Lady" is best at_______.A. probing into the unsearched secret part of human lifeB. a truthful delineation of the motives, the impulses, the principles that shape the lives of actual men and women.C. a dramatizing the collisions between two very differentcultural systems on an international sceneD. disclosing the social injustices and evils of a civilized society after the Civil War.Answer: C (P496)10. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as _____________.A. the Age of RealismB. the Age of ModernismC. the Age of RomanticismD. the Age of Colonicalism Answer: A (P471)18. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of poetic expression of Emily Dickinson’s?A. War and peaceB. Love and marriageC. Life and deathD. ReligionAnswer: A (P517)3. "We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess---in the Ring---We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain----We passed the Setting Sun---”Questions:1) Please identify the poem and the poet;2) What does "the School, the Fields of Gazing Grain and the Setting Sun" stands for?Answers:1) The lines are from "Because I could not stop fro Death", Emily Dickinson. (P523)2) It stands for three stages of life: the School----youth;the Fields of Gazing Grain----mature period;the Setting Sun------end of life. (P523)4. "The Eyes around---had wrung them dry---And breaths were gathering firmFor that last Onset----when the KingBe witnessed---in the Room----"Questions:1) What is the meaning of the first line? 2) What does "the King" refer to? 3) What idea does the poem fromwhich this stanza is taken express?Answers:1) It means the relatives and friends had cried and cried so that there were no tears any more. (P521)2) "The King" refers to the God of death. (P521) 3) The poem expresses that the author even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown. (P518)6. Please analyze the characteristics of Emily Dickinso n’s poems.Answer:1) Dickinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her little lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature. (theme)2) Her masterpiece -----"I heard a Fly buzz---when I died", she looked at death from the point of view of both the living and the dying. She even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown.3) The style of Dickinson:A: A particular stress pattern: dash“-------”B: Capital letters as a means of emphasis;C: Language: brief, direct, and plain;D: Poem: short, always on single image or symbol (e.g. "I like to see it lap the miles"---------describe a train in the personification of the literary device)E: Her poems tend to be personal and meditative (e.g. “Because I could not stop for Death”).(P517---519)。

美国文学考试第一篇：美国文学考试美国文学考试题型1、填空题（这部分的重点老师带我们画过，由于比较散，不方便整理，请同寝室或隔壁寝室相互告知）-----大家记得人名，作品名称等一定不要写错了2、名词解释（共两题，每题5分）这一题大体有三种类型：文本、作者、理论大题要求（大家按点答题）文本类：①写明作者②该文本体现的理论特征③该文本的主要内容（2分）④该文本使用的主要文学技巧理论类：①该理论出现的时间②该理论的主张（2分）③写作风格④相关作家以及他的作品作者类：①写明哪个时期的作者②该作者的文学主张③写作风格④主要作品以及作品的主题下面是本学期我们学过的作家、理论以及作品（结合笔记以及结合相关资料整理的，不是老师说的标准答案哦，大家参考即可）理论---本学期三大主要理论①PuritanismPuritanism , appeared in the early part of the 17th century, is the practices and beliefs of Puritans.The American puritanism, like their English brothers , are idealists.They accept the doctrine and practice of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.But due to te grim struggle for living in the new continent, they become more and more practical.It is so much part of the national atmosphere rather than a set of tenetsIts influence on literatureAmerican literature had the characteristics of simplicity, plainness of rhetoric and indication to the Holy Bile代表作家Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor, Nathaniel Hawthorne(课本所选的代表作品)②transcendentalismAmerican transcendentalism is more than an attitude of Transcendentalist.T o “transcend” something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits.The transcendentalists speak for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.The major features of the American Transcendentalism are:A.They place emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the UniverseB.They stress the importance of individualsC.They offer a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of Spirit or God该理论出现的大致时间1836-the civil war代表作家--Ralph Waldo Emerson代表作品the American Scholar③naturalismAmerican naturalism accepted the more negative interpretation of Darwin’s evolution theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits were conditioned by social and economic forces.It emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will.That lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of human was misery in life and oblivion in death.It was no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.Time: the mid-19th century---the first half of the 20th centuryNaturalism in literature:the product of despair.It had no attempt to make moral judgment.It offered detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modernsociety.代表任人物及作品Stephen Cranethe Open Boat作者（三个比较重要的）① Nathaniel Hawthorne浪漫主义时期（特别记住）作家He is a master of symbolismHe has an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man’s beingHis understandi ng of “evil being at the core of human life” is deeply reflected in his works Young Goodman Brown是他的代表作，该作品体现的主题PURITANISMA.man’s depravityB.The original sin: a journey from innocence to evilC.PredestinationD.A struggle between to forces②Ralph Waldo Emerson浪漫主义时期作家He is a leading person of New England Transcendentalism which he regarded as an intuitive cognizance of moral and other truths that transcend the limits of human sense experience 代表作：The American Scholar主题：Transcendentalism大致内容：we American should stop imitating other counties in literature and we ought to create a way of our own.③Stephen Crane19世纪后半期---20世纪初，自然主义时期作家。

英美文学主要作家及其作品☆英国文学名家名著《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf ）是英国盎格鲁?撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。

史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。

后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。

杰弗里?乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。

主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。

作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。

他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales ）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。

威廉?莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。

他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。

他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。

莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。

主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet ）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。

此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet ）也都很受欢迎。

美国100部推理小说排行榜这份书单是美国推理作家协会（The Mystery Writers of America，简称MWA）票选出来的史上最经典的一百部推理小说排行榜。

评选过程极为复杂，首先由推理协会选出本格派、硬汉派、惊悚派、间谍小说等推理小说十个主要流派的十个代表作家，再由这十个作家选出各流派的十部代表作品，然后由协会会员投票排出名次。

所以这份书单不仅仅有总的一百强排行榜，还有各个不同流派的十大杰作排名，其中本格和硬汉两派由于名作数量远远超出其它各派，所以都各排了二十部作品。

后来美国出了一本书《The Crown Crime Companion: The Top 100 Mystery Novels of All Time》，收入了这几份排行榜，每一部入选作品还由编Otto Penzler写一段短短的书评，介绍该书。

除了名作排行外，这本书中还收入了一些比较另类的排行榜，包括票选历史上“最适合谋杀的城市”、“最佳凶器排行”、“最佳侦探电影排行”以及与名作排行相关的“史上最佳男性推理作家”、“史上最佳女性推理作家”、“史上最佳男侦探”、“史上最佳女侦探”排行等等。

——荐书堂1.《福尔摩斯探案全集》The Complete Sherlock Holmes，阿瑟柯南道尔Arthur Conan Doyle（英）推理小说中的《圣经》，也是每一个推理迷必备的案头书籍。

从《血字的研究》诞生到现在的一百多年间，福尔摩斯影响力早已越过推理一隅，成为人们心中神探的代名词，无数人凭它跨入推理之海，排名第一，名至实归。

2.《马耳他之鹰》The Maltese Falcon，达希尔哈米特Dashiell Hammett（美）推理小说流派众多，旁支横斜，但解谜本格始终占据着正统主流的地位，唯一有能力分庭抗礼的唯有达希尔哈米特和雷蒙德钱德勒撑起的硬汉派了。

哈米特不是第一个写硬汉小说的作家，但他是第一个给硬汉小说注入文学素质和心理深度的作家，为推理小说开辟了另一块战场。

欧洲文化入门1．第1题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture? CC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day2．第2题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the_C__.C.Acts of the Apostles3．第3题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ____C_______.C.the communal marriage in the primitive society4．第4题The ancient Greeks__B_.B.firmly believed myths to be true5．第5题According to Greek mythology, __A_ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora6．第6题According to Greek myths about creation, _D___was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos7．第7题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus8．第8题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.AA.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;9．第13题The Spanish monarchy was __.AA.set up by the Christians10．第14题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.DD.spoke for the nobles11．第23题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?D.The Bible in English began to spread in England12．第24题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from __B_.B.the Greek text13．第25题The kingdom of God refers to_B_. B.the rule of God14．第26题According to the New Testament the Christian church _C_.C.spoke more of salvation15．第27题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__. B.turned into a siege of a Christian city16．第32题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve17．第34题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except_C__.C.the mysterious outer space18．第35题The name Jesus suggests__.BB.that God saves us from sin19．第36题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as ____B_____.B.beings with human emotions who lived among us20．第37题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___A.all parts of the world21．第38题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible22．第39题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who23．第40题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation24．第41题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text25．第42题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture26．第43题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothing27．第44题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels? C.He was the presence of God in the world28．第45题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God29．第46题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God30．第47题It was ____who unified England for the first time.D.King Alfred and his successors31．第48题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance32．第49题In the Carolingian time popes__.B.were regarded as models of piety33．第50题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity34．第67题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die35．第68题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes? A.They were immortal36．第69题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture37．第70题Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?C.They were in fact mortals38．第71题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature39．第72题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans40．第73题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology? D.Guesswork41．第74题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?rC.He ruled the sea42．第75题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology43．第76题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century44．第77题Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod?C.He killed all the boys where Jesus lived45．第78题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons46．第79题Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?B.His real father was Joseph47．第80题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes48．第81题Before the First Crusade, Jews__. C.were forced into the cities 49．第82题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply50．第83题Romanesque style appeared_. A.earlier than Gothic style51．第9题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. T52．第10题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T53．第11题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses. F54．第12题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F55．第15题The books of Deuteronomy recorded Israel's whole history. T56．第16题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F57．第17题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate. F58．第18题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.F59．第19题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T60．第20题Saints were considered as models of virtue.T61．第21题The Germans by no means traded with the Romans.F62．第22题The West featured unproductive land.T63．第28题Many scholars claim that much of the cultural dynamism of the Renaissance also had its roots in medieval times and that changes were rather abrupt than progressive. F64．第29题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误65．第30题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today.T66．第31题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.T67．第33题People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.您的答案：错误68．第51题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.F69．第52题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths.F70．第53题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin.F71．第54题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature.T72．第55题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.F73．第56题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place,practice or name.T74．第57题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death.F 75．第58题Jesus lived in the early 1st century.T76．第59题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.F77．第60题The word renaissance means "renewal".F78．第61题Prosperous trading society is common to Byzantium, Islam and the West.您的答案：错误79．第62题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life.F80．第63题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.F81．第64题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.F82．第65题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确83．第66题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F84．第84题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F85．第85题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T86．第86题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T87．第87题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God. T88．第88题The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament.您的答案：错误89．第89题That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter andlife is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament. F90．第90题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.F 91．第91题The period of transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages is often called the Late Antiquity.T92．第92题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages.T93．第93题The common features of the Byzantine, Islam and the west are depopulated cities, unproductive land and fragmented power. F94．第94题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans. T95．第95题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F96．第96题The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium. T97．第97题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T98．第98题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T99．第99题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T100．第100题By 750 the Muslims had subdued Turkey. F二1．第1题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject2．第2题Herod was the king who was___ B.jealous of Jesus3．第3题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature4．第4题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who5．第5题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty6．第6题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god7．第7题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universeto_____ . C.Chaos8．第8题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans9．第9题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths? D.Being turned from immortal to mortal10．第10题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture11．第11题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology12．第12题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles13．第13题Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ .D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly14．第14题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery15．第15题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament? C.the Holy Spirit16．第16题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God17．第17题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__.B.turned into a siege of a Christian city18．第18题Black Death caused __.C.more harm in the cities19．第19题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.D.spoke for the nobles20．第21题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept21．第22题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings22．第23题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God23．第24题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all24．第25题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians25．第26题The First Crusade was important because __.C.it was the first example of European expansionism26．第51题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.C.were interpreted allegorically27．第52题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora28．第53题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East29．第54题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture30．第55题The name Jesus suggests__. B.that God saves us from sin31．第56题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____. B.rationality 32．第57题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized33．第58题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___. C.scientific 34．第59题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons35．第60题The ancient Greeks___.B.firmly believed myths to be true36．第61题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos37．第62题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortal38．第63题Roman mythology is actually___. B.not purely Roman39．第64题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes40．第65题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business41．第66题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors42．第67题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity43．第81题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus44．第82题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus45．第83题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about God46．第84题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God47．第85题Monasteries were made rich by__. D.the kings and nobles48．第86题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance49．第87题In the Carolingian time popes__. B.were regarded as models of piety 50．第100题By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.D.replacing the roles of gods51．第20题Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament. F52．第27题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F53．第28题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F54．第29题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. F55．第30题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East. T56．第31题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions. T57．第32题In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages political and religious change occurred at the same time. T58．第33题The term Middle Ages was invented by people today. F59．第34题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F60．第35题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 61．第36题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F62．第37题The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally. F 63．第38题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T64．第39题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F65．第40题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F66．第41题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only. T7．第42题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F 68．第43题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages. TUnlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution. F70．第45题The West featured unproductive land. T71．第46题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F72．第47题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T73．第48题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确74．第49题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F75．第50题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T76．第68题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T77．第69题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches. F78．第70题Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in the past. T79．第71题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place, practice or name. T80．第72题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. T 81．第73题Jesus lived in the early 1st century. T82．第74题The West grew gradually independent of the papal control in the Late Middle Ages. T83．第75题The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline.您的答案：正确84．第76题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. FParticipants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel and Greece. F86．第78题The Renaissance had enough unique qualities to justify considering it as a separate period of history. T87．第79题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T88．第80题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time. F89．第88题Prose is not the literary form found in the Old Testament. T90．第89题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T91．第90题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories. T92．第91题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 93．第92题Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form. F94．第93题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T95．第94题Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman Empire. F 96．第95题Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West. T97．第96题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F98．第97题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F99．第98题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误100．第99题Constantine the Great declared Christianity as the only religion. F三1．第1题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture2．第2题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day3．第3题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the world4．第4题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures. B.the devils5．第5题A myth is ___. B.an oral literary work traditionally accepted 6．第6题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized7．第7题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels?C.He was the presence of God in the world8．第8题1066 marked the__. B.Norman Conquer of England9．第9题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply10．第10题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve11．第11题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___. C.the mysterious outer space12．第12题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who13．第13题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty14．第14题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology15．第15题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery16．第16题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;17．第17题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.B.the Greek text18．第18题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors19．第28题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.B.spoke more of the kingdom of God20．第29题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business21．第30题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity22．第41题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die23．第42题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?C.He ruled the sea24．第43题Early Romans regarded their gods as__. C.powers25．第44题The ancient Greeks___. B.firmly believed myths to be true26．第45题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god27．第46题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept28．第47题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings29．第48题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes30．第49题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians31．第57题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible32．第58题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos33．第59题Common types of myths exclude___. D.myths of mortals34．第63题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus35．第64题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century36．第65题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God37．第66题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.C.the Hebrew text38．第67题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance39．第68题In the 13th century, many schools _.B.gave way to universities40．第79题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject41．第80题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.D.the content of the narratives42．第81题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East43．第82题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture44．第83题No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipus for __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother 45．第84题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.C.scientific46．第85题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text47．第86题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___. B.a luck48．第87题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all49．第88题Black Death caused __. C.more harm in the cities50．第89题Jews in the cities were__. D.persecuted by Christians51．第19题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F52．第20题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F53．第21题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews. F54．第22题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history. T55．第23题The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews. F56．第24题Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy. F57．第25题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F58．第26题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T59．第27题Christians considered pagan gods supernatural. F60．第31题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws T.61．第32题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 62．第33题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve. F63．第34题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. F 64．第35题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F65．第36题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 66．第37题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F67．第38题The pope & the Byzantine church began their conflict in AD 1054. F 68．第39题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F69．第40题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T70．第50题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew. F71．第51题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T72．第52题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature. T73．第53题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F74．第54题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet. T75．第55题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. F 76．第56题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F77．第60题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. F78．第61题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T79．第62题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T80．第69题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F81．第70题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F82．第71题。

高考阅读理解A篇集训（一）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在题卡上将该项涂黑。

P 001As the capital of 13 dynasties throughout Chinese history, the ancient city Xi’an has never been far from sports. Starting from the Western Zhou Dynasty (c. 11th century-771 BC) to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the city has held many sports events.Cuju: Origin of modern soccerCuju was an ancient Chinese competitive game involving kicking a ball through an opening into a net. As the ancestor of soccer, it first appeared in the renowned ancient Chinese historical work Zhan Guo Ce (“Strategies of the Warring States”), which described cuju as a form of entertainment among the general public. Later, it was commonly played in the army for military training purposes. The earliest record of women cuju players can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. Up to the Tang Dynasty, women players prevailed at the royal court, as emperors enjoyed watching soccer games.Jiaodi: Chinese-style wrestlingSumo, known as Japan’s “national sport”, actually originated in ancient China. Sumo was called jiaodi or jiaoli in ancient times. Ancient jiaodi, a Chinese-style wrestling, was performed by athletes wearing ox horns and wrestling with each other imitating wild oxen. During the Sui (581-618) and Tang dynasties, jiaodi was highly favored by emperors. Jiaodi was part of military training and a kind of entertainment and athletic sports then.There were even specialized wrestling teams in Tang royal court, which brought jiaodi masters nationwide. Wrestling was also popular among folk people, and according to historical records, wrestling competition was usually held twice each year, in spring and autumn respectively.Jiju: Ancient poloJiju is a sport which uses a stick to hit balls while riding on a horse, pretty similar to modern polo. It was popular in the royal court and among common people in the Tang Dynasty. There were many fields for playing polo in the court and it was also a major military training program in the army.In the Tang Dynasty capital, there were formal polo courts, such as the stadium pavilion in Chang’an palace. The Tang Dynasty polo was a size of a fist, and often made with light and solid wood, hallow in the middle, round and smooth in the surface.ArcheryThe origin of archery was closely related with hunting and defense. Ancient archery was not only an athletic event, a military training program, and an entertainment activity, but also part of education.Early in Zhou Dynasty (c.11th century-256 BC), the archery was listed as one of the six practical disciplines, also called the Six Arts, becoming an important protocol and competition form. During the Tang Dynasty, it even was an important part of the Wuju Imperial Examinations, and five kinds of archery skills would be tested, including on-horse shot, step shot and flat shot.21.Which of the following sports is inspired by animal fight?A. CujuB. JiaodiC. JijuD. Archery22.What is special about the last sport Archery?A. It was a military training program.B. It was popular in the royal court.C. It was part of the ancient examinations.D. It was limited to men players.23.Which of the statements is true according to the article?A. Women could only play Cuju for the emperors.B. There were professional teams in the royal court for Jiju.C. Wrestling competitions were held every two years in springs and falls.D. Jiaodi and Archery were both competitive and athletic sports.21-23 BCDP 002Neil Armstrong: A Life of FlightMuch has been written about Neil Armstrong, America’s modern hero and history’s most famous space traveler. Yet shy of fame and never one to steal the spotlight Armstrong was always reluctant todiscuss his personal side of events. Here for the first time is the definitive story of Neil’s life of flighthe shared for five decades with a trusted friend — Jay Barbree.This New OceanIt was all part of man’s greatest adventure — landing men on the Moon and sending a rover to Mars, finally seeing the edge of the universe and the birth of stars, and launching planetary explorersacross the solar system to Neptune and beyond.StarmanStarman, Jamie Doran and Piers Bizony’s biography of Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, was originally published in 1998 and rereleased in 2011 to capitalize on the 50th anniversary of the firstmanned flight into space. The book covers Gagarin’s childhood, his cosmonaut training, his historicflight as the first human being to leave the earth’s atmosphere, and his mysterious death.Night Sky Almanac 2021: A Stargazer’s GuideWhat better gift for an amateur astronomer than an answer to all of their queries in one, pocket — sized companion? Connect with the universe that surrounds us with this stylish companion to thenight sky. All events are clearly presented month-by- month with easy-to-understand explanations andcharts, including stars, planets, comets, and so on.21.What is Jay Barbree?A. A spaceman in history.B. A character in Starman.C. A novelist on space adventure.D. A friend of Neil Armstrong.22.Which category does Starman fall into?A. Science fiction.B. Play.C. Autobiography.D. Biography.23.What do the listed books have in common?A. They are intended for teenagers.B. They are set in moon landing.C. They are about space and astronomy.D. They show concern over star wars.21 -23 DDCP 003Here I’d like to share some interesting news with you.Living without electricityNoplug is a small community in Seoul, South Korea. It hopes they can make a difference by reducing the carbon use. They rely on fuel sources(来源) such as solar and fire to do daily tasks.Dr Yasuyuki Fujimura visits the community from Japan each month to educate people on how to meet everyday needs without electricity.A playhouse made of instant noodlesA Chinese made international news headlines after using instant noodles to build a playhouse for his unborn son.Photos of the unusual playhouse went viral (传播) online quickly after being posted on social media by the builder, a Mr Zhang, who spent four days building the structure out of out-of-date instant noodles which he thought it was a pity to throw away by his friends. The playhouse can accommodate a bed, as well as his unborn son’s toys, featuring windows to let the light in.Swimming through the skyLying over thirty meters above the ground, between two buildings in London, the Sky Pool makes you feel like you’re swimming through the sky.The outdoor pool offers swimmers breathtaking views of London’s city skyline, floating in the air.Thanks to modern technology and architectural innovations, the pool can handle the natural movements of the two buildings it connects.Painting in virtual realityTalented artist Anna Zhilyaeva, a pioneer in the fields of virtual reality and mixed reality painting, has been pushing the boundaries of painting by combining the centuries-old art form with one of the most advanced technologies of our times —virtual reality.Using some software and a virtual reality headset, she is able to paint three-dimensional (三维) artworks often referred to as painted sculptures (雕塑).21.What fuel source does the Noplug community live on?A. Raw fuel.B. Recycled carbon.C. Solar and fire.D. Self-produced electricity.22.What can be inferred about the Sky Pool?A. It went viral online.B. It is located in Asia.C. It involves virtual reality.D. It is a creative design.23.Which news may environmentalists be most interested in?A. News 1 and News 2.B. News 3 and News 4.C. News 1 and News 3.D. News 2 and News 4.21. C 22. D 23. AP 004The long summer vacation is a perfect time for reading, and these are the books you'll want on your reading list. Every product is independently selected by our editors. If you buy something through our links, we may earn a commission (佣金).The Good Neighbor: The Life and Work of Fred RogersIf you or your children grew up watching Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, you'll want this 2018 book by Maxwell King to be at the top of your list. It is the first full-length biography of Mr. Rogers and gives readers a never-before inside look at the life and career of the beloved television icon.The Darwin AffairBilled as one of the most “inventive and entertaining novels of 2019,” this Victorian-era thriller by writer Tim Mason is a perfect addition to your summer reading list. Set in London in 1860, it details the events that occur after an intruder (闯入者) tries to murder Queen Victoria. Fast-paced and lively, this page-turner would appeal to fans of Charles Dickens.BecomingIn her New York Times Best Seller biography, former First Lady Michelle Obama gives readers a personal glimpse into her childhood, schooling, early career choices, marriage and life in the White House. Eye-opening and inspirational, Becoming gives us a fascinating look into the life of one of the most recognized women in America. The Lemon SistersThis new novel by best-selling author novelist Jill Shalvis is sure to appeal to fans of her previous contemporary romance novels. It tells the story of Mindy Lemon, a mom of three, and her sister Brooke. If you’re a fan of romance novels, you’ll want to add it to your list.21.How did Mr. Rogers gain his popularity?A. Through his character on TV.B. Through Maxwell King’s book.C. By watching his neighborhood.D. By writing biographies.22.What do we know about The Darwin Affair according to the Text?A. It is entertaining and relaxing.B. It is published in London.C. It tells a story in the 19th century.D. It is written by Charles Dickens.23.Whose book will you choose if you want to read books about love stories?A. Maxwell King’s.B. Tim Mason’s.C. Michelle Obama’s.D. Jill Shalvis’s.21-23 ACDP 005Tongariro National Park, known for its brilliant natural features, became New Zealand’s first national park in 1887. The 80,000-hectare park stands out among 13 national parks in the country because it is an ideal place to view the volcanic wonders.ActivitiesTongariro Alpine CrossingThe deservedly popular Tongariro Alpine Crossing features phenomenal volcanic scenery and fine views of Lake Taupo and Mt. Taranaki.Multi-day WalksOvernight hikes in the park include the four-day Northern Circuit and the six-day Round the Mountain Track-one of New Zealand’s Great Walks.Nature TrailsA series of short nature trails around Tongariro’s lower valleys embrace various habitats, home to fascinatingand diverse native plants and animals, and are a great way to get to know the park’s special places and stories. Home to the national park visitor center, Whakapapa Village is a good place to start exploring.Waterfall WatchingDramatic waterfalls are a characteristic landscape of Tongariro National Park. See them for a number of spectacular short walks including Taranaki Falls, Waitonga Falls, Silica Rapids and Tawhai Falls.Key Tips●Before departing for a walk, check at the Department of Conservation Visitor Center for up-to-date informationon weather, volcanic activity and track conditions.●Fill in an intention form at the Department of Conservation Visitor Center if you plan to spend the night in ahikers’ hut.●Whatever kind of accommodation you choose, you’d better book in advance during the peak season( Decemberto March).21.What distinguishes Tongariro National Park from others?A. Its massive area.B. Its volcanic wonders.C. Its long history.D. Its colorful activities.22.Which activity attracts an animal lover most?A. Nature Trails.B. Multi-day Walks.C. Tongariro Alpine Crossing.D. Waterfall Watching23.What is the proper time if you want to avoid the peak season?A. January.B. February.C. April.D. March.21-23 BACP 006Important Facts about SHINGRIXWhat is SHINGRIX?●SHINGREX is an FDA-approved vaccine (疫苗) for the prevention of shingles (带状疱疹) in adults 50years and older.●SHINGRIX is not used to prevent chickenpox.What is shingles and what causes it?●Shingles is a painful skin rash caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. 99% of people over theage of 50 carry this virus. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays inactive in the body. As you age, your immune system starts to naturally decline, increasing your risk of the virus reactivating and causing shingles. 1 out of 3 people will get shingles in their lifetime.How does SHINGRIX work?●SHINGRIX is a shingles vaccine that works to boost your body’s protection against shingles.How is SHINGRIX given?●SHINGRIX is a 2-dose vaccine series. The second dose should be given between 2 and 6 months after thefirst dose. It is important to complete the 2-dose series.Who should not get SHINGRIX?●You should not receive SHINGRIX if you are allergic to any of its ingredients or had an allergic reactionto a previous dose of SHINGRIX.What are the potential side effects?●The most common side effects are pain, redness, and swelling at the injection site, muscle pain, tiredness,headache, shivering, fever and upset stomach.Additional important information●SHINGRIX was not studied in pregnant or nursing women. Tell your healthcare provider if you arepregnant or are breastfeeding.●Ask your healthcare provider about the risks and benefits of SHINGRIX. Only a healthcare provider candecide if SHINGRIX is right for you.Need more information?●To learn more about SHINGRIX, talk to your healthcare provider.●Visit SHINGRIX. com or call 1-800-772-9292 for more information.21.Who is SHINGRIX mainly intended for?A. Young people.B. Senior citizens.C. Pregnant women.D. Nursing mothers.22.What do we know from the text?A. SHINGRIX can cure us of shingles and chickenpox.B. It is not necessary to have a second dose of SHINGRIX.C. We can’t decide on our own whether to have SHINGRIX or not.D. People who have recovered from a chickenpox don’t need a SHINGRIX.23.How many accesses do we have to further information about SHINGRIX?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.21-23 BCCP 007Raffles EL WeekBe absorbed in the world of words, metaphors and imagery in our annual Raffles EL Week! Come and participate in the exciting activities we have for you!The learning adventures begin from 20 May 2021 to 24 May 2021. Read on to find out where the actions are!Activities that add fun to your recesses!ONCE UPON A TIME ...A fan of fairy tales? This activity is definitely right up your alley!Let our student librarians tell youfairy tales from all over theWorld! Suitable for all levels.Date: 20 and 23 MayTime: 9:30 amVenue: School libraryHOW WELL CAN YOU SPELL?Show your spelling skills in this Spelling Bee challenge! Get to compete with peers from different classes too! Date: 20 and 21 May (P1 & P2 pupils)22 and 23 May (P3 & P4 pupils)24 May (P5 & P6 pupils)Time: 9:30 amVenue: Lower canteen areaStory Writing CompetitionOrganized by: The English Department Partners: Writers’ Association21.How often is Raffles EL Week held?A. Once a month.B. Every two years.C. Once a year.D. Every two months.22.What rule should you follow if you take part in the story writing competition?A. Writing an original fairy tale.B. Not going over the word limit.C. Being a member of Raffles Magazine.D. Submitting your entry at the General Office.23.What do we know from the poster?A. Students at all levels can go to the Spelling Bee challenge every day.B. There will be one winner for the school story writing competition.C. Student librarians will be telling fairy tales in the school library.D. Its purpose is to get pupils to compete with peers from other classes.21-23 CBCP 008After over a year of Covid-19 lockdown, theatre is finally back in business. Here’s a guide to the shows we’re most excited about. Take a look at them.Carousel: Regents Park Open Air, July 31, 2021—September 25, 2021An ideal location to ease us out of lockdown. Regents Park Open Air is not only a uniquely charming setting but also outdoors. Boasting a whole new season of shows, expect exciting adaptations and attractive designs.Bagdad Cafe: Old Vic, July 17, 2021—August 21, 2021Emma Rice’s latest undertaking. Bagdad Cafe is an adaptation of the 1987 movie by the same name, telling a story of hope and friendship. Expect the usual tell-tales of an Emma Rice production: casual triple threats, bold, colorful design.Cat On A Hot Tin Roof: Leicester Curve, September 3, 2021—September 18. 2021Rising star Anthony Almeida is set to direct a bold, new interpretation of Tennessee William’s classic story. A drama filled with power struggles and deep repression, Cat on A Hot Tin Roof is also funny.Nutcracker: Theatre Royal Bath, June 14, 2021—June 26, 2021Making a long-awaited come-back after ten years, Bourne’s Nutcracker combines luxurious sets and costumes with glorious dances and brilliant wit. This is a grand performance for the whole family, and the perfect festive show to bring everyone together.21.When can you appreciate the production by Emma Rice?A. June 17, 2021.B. July 31, 2021.C. August 22, 2021.D. September 18, 2021.22.Which show is the best choice for a whole family?A. Carousel.B. Bagdad Café.C. Cat On A Hot Tin Roof.D. Nutcracker.23.In which section of a website may this text appear?A. Economy.B. Education.C. Politics.D. Entertainment. 21-23 BDDP 009Old and historical cinemas are all around us and yet so unnoticed. A new photobook uncovers their often overlooked beauty.Loew’s Palace TheatreOriginally opened as the Poli’s Palace Theatre in 1922 by architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was one of a double theatre complex along with the neighbouring Poli’s Majestic Theatre. In 1934, both theatres were taken over by Loew’s and operated as film theatres. In the late 1970s, an attempt to turn the building into a Christian Revival Centre never succeeded. The theatre is presently vacant and awaiting restoration.Metropolitan Opera HouseOriginally founded as the Philadelphia Opera House in 1908, it was designed by local architect William H. McElfatrick, who was in charge of the design of 40 theatres in his career. The Philadelphia Opera House was designed for opera manager Oscar Hammerstein as his ninth opera house. In 1910, it was sold to the Metropolitan Opera of New York City and was renamed the Met. Through the 1920s, it showed silent films in addition to hosting various opera companies. In the late 1930s, it became a ballroom, and in the 1940s a sports area for basketball, wrestling, and boxing events. It finally closed in 1954 and was turned into a church.Robin’s TheatreOpened in 1923, it had 1,500 seats, and was designed by architects I. J. Goldston and Detroit-based C. Howard Crane. It was operated by The Robins Theatre Enterprises Co. , a local company founded by Daniel Robins, who was an early partner of Albert Warner of Warner Bros. It closed in 1974 and was vacant until 2018, when it was renovated and reopened as a multipurpose venue in 2020.21.At present, where are you likely to go for a concert?A. Loew’s Palace Theatre.B. Christian Revival Centre.C. Robin’s Theatre.D. Metropolitan Opera House.22.What do Loew’s Palace Theatre and Metropolitan Opera House have in common?A. Both of them were renamed.B. Both of them used to show silent films.C. Both of them have been restored.D. Both of them served religious purposes.23.What is the purpose of this passage?A. To rank the old and unnoticed theatres.B. To encourage people to protect the old theatres.C. To show the development of American theatres.D. To provide information on overlooked old theatres.21-23 CADP 010Space Center Houston offers a variety of age-appropriate and inspiring camp experiences with safety at the top of mind. In the wake of COVID-19, we aim to continue inspiring all generations through the wonders of space exploration while maintaining the highest level of safety for all. Our Explorer Camps introduce children aged 4-11 to science, technology. engineering and math through engaging and hands-on learning activities.JOURNEY TO MARSJune 14-18, July 12-16, Aug. 9-13 | $289.95 5-DAY EXPLORER CAMPWhile demonstrating best safety practices, campers are involved in activities that arouse their interest in science along with their sense of adventure. These young engineers learn the basics of rocketry and coding and explore hands-on science activities.ENGINEERING BASICSJune 7-11, July 5-9 | $289.95 5-DAY EXPLORER CAMPCampers discover what it takes to solve problems related to space exploration in Engineering Basics Taking LEGO bricks “out of the box” and to new and exciting places, this camp gets your little builders using LEGO bricks like never before. These engineers-in-training will participate in problem-solving activities, building simple machines, art projects, and robotics.JOURNEY TO SPACEJune 28-July 2, July 26-30 | $289.95 5-DAY EXPLORER CAMPHow do astronauts work in space? Why is Venus so hot? Will people ever go to Mars? How do robots work? What do engineers do? All these questions are answered as campers explore space through art, science, robotics, and engineering activities. This camp leaves all inquiring minds inspired to continue their journey.EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERYJune 1-5 | $229.95 5-DAY EXPLORER CAMPCampers discover what it takes to send people, supplies and spacecraft beyond Earth’s atmosphere. During this five-day adventure, former astronauts will deliver speeches on how they live and work in the space station.21.Which camp provides campers with knowledge of Venus?A. JOURNEY TO MARS.B. ENGINEERING BASICS.C. JOURNEY TO SPACED. EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY22.What can campers learn only in JOURNEY TO MARS?A. Coding.B. Creative thinking.C. Rocket design.D. Supply delivery.23.What is special about EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY?A. It will be open in July.B. Campers will have a chance to meet astronauts.C. It is a 4-day Explorer CampD. Campers can learn problem-solving skills.21-23 CAB。

《巧克力战争》罗伯特?科米尔（Robert Cormier，1925～2000），美国作家、专栏作者、记者，出生于美国马萨诸塞州。

其作品以深沉、悲观的风格闻名，代表作有《我是乳酪》（I Am the Cheese）、《将军与儿子》（After the First Death）、《巧克力战争》（The Chocolate War）等，这些作品全都获得过业内的奖项，包括玛格丽特?A?爱德华终生成就奖（Margaret A. Edwards Award）*。

《巧克力战争》在被七家出版社拒之门外后，最终于1974年问世，并迅速成为一部畅销且极具争议的青少年经典读物。

该小说讲述了在三一高中就读的杰里（Jerry）及其他同学受到校园恶势力组织“守夜会（The Vigils）”的压迫，在巧克力义卖事件中遭遇校园欺凌的故事。

下文选自小说第19章，讲述的是杰里与“守夜会”作对拒卖巧克力后，好友及其他同学的反应。

The Goober1）was waiting for him at the school's entrance，standing tense and troubled among the other fellows waiting for school to start，like prisoners resigned to2）execution3），taking their final drags4）from cigarettes before the bells began to ring. The Goober motioned Jerry aside. Jerry followed him guiltily. Herealized that Goober wasn't the cheerful，happy-go-lucky5）kid he'd known when school first started. What had happened？He'd been so wrapped up in his own concerns that he hadn't bothered about Goob."Jeez，Jerry，what did you do it for？" Goober asked，drawing him away from the others."Do what？"But he knew what Goober meant."The chocolates.""I don't know，Goob." Jerry said. It was no use faking out6）Goober the way he had faked out that kid on the bus. "That'sthe truth―I don't know.""You're asking for trouble，Jerry. Brother Leon7）spells trouble.""Look，Goob，" Jerry said，wanting to reassure his friend，wanting to wipe that look of concern from his face. "It's not the end of the world. Four hundred kids in this school are going to sell chocolates. What does it matter if I don't？""It's not that simple，Jerry. Brother Leon won't let you get away with it."The warning bell sounded. Cigarettes were flipped into the gutter or mashed into the sandfilled receptacle8）near thedoor. Last drags were inhaled lingeringly. Guys who'd been sitting in cars listening to rock on the radio switched them off and slammed the doors behind them."Nice going，kid，" somebody said，hurrying by，the pat on the ass Trinity's traditional gesture of friendship. Jerry didn't see who it was."Keep it up，Jerry." This， a corner-of?Cthe-mouth whisper from Adamo who hated Leon with a vengeance9）."See how the word is spreading？" Goober hissed. "What's more important―football and your marks or thelousy10）chocolate sale？"The bell rang again. It meant two minutes left to get to your locker and then to your homeroom11）. A senior by the name of Benson approached them. Seniors were trouble for freshmen. It was better to be ignored by them than to be noticed. But Benson was clearly headed in their direction. He was a nut，known for his lack of inhibitions12），his complete disregard of the rules. As he neared Jerry and Goober，he began a Jimmy Cagney13）imitation，shooting his cuffs14）and hunching15）his shoulders. "Hey，there，guy. I wouldn't ... I wouldn't be in your shoes ... I wouldn't be in your shoes for a thou，boy，a mill ..." He punched Jerry playfully onthe arm."You couldn't fit those shoes anyway，Benson，" somebody yelled. And Benson danced away，Sammy Davis16）now，wide grin，feet tapping，body whirling.Walking up the stairs，Goober said，"Do me a favor，Jerry. Take the chocolate today.""I can't，Goob.""Why not？""I just can't. I'm committed now.""The goddam Vigils，" Goober said.Jerry had never heard Goober swear17）before. He'd always been a mild kind of kid，rolling with the punches18），loose and carefree，running around the track while the other kids sat uptight19）during practice sessions."It's not The Vigils，Goob. They're not in it anymore. It's me."They stopped at Jerry's locker."All right，" Goober said，resigned，knowing it was useless to pursue the subject any further at the moment. Jerry felt sad suddenly because Goober looked so troubled，like an old man heaped with all the sorrows of the world，his thin face drawn and haggard20），his eyes haunted，as if he hadawakened from a nightmare he couldn't forget.Jerry opened his locker. He had thumbtacked a poster tothe back wall of the locker on the first day of school. The poster showed a wide expanse of beach，a sweep of sky with a lone star glittering far away. A man walked on the beach，a small solitary figure in all that immensity. At the bottom of the poster，these words appeared―Do I dare disturb the universe？By Eliot，who wrote the Waste Land thing they were studying in English. Jerry wasn't sure of the poster's meaning. But it had moved him mysteriously. It was traditional at Trinity for everyone to decorate the interior of his locker with a poster. Jerry chose this one.He had no time now to ponder the poster any longer. The final bell rang and he had thirty seconds to get to class.落花生正在校门口等他，既紧张又忧虑地站在其他等待开始上课的同学中间。

《英美托尔金研究之发轫》摘要：人们的研究集中在托尔金作品中的以下方面：善恶之战，宗教主题（主要是基督教主题，亦有讨论异教元素的），作品的中世纪文学之源，托尔金学术研究与文学创作之关联，历史隐喻（隐喻中世纪欧洲、一战期间的欧洲、二战期间的欧洲，甚至是越南），“第二创造”中土神话研究，人物及主题原型研究，成长主题（心理分析），种族、阶级和性别研究，环保主题研究，托尔金作品的文类之争，托尔金流行的原因，托尔金语言与风格，翻译研究等，及《指环王》电影研究，托尔金发表的最早作品可能要算1911年发表在《爱德华国王学校纪事》（The King Edward’s School Chronicle XXVI：186，March， 1911， 22-27）上的《东土之战》（The Battle of Eastern Fields）这首诗歌了，总之，在《魔戒》（1954）发表之前的三十年，英美两国发表有关托尔金的评介文章有80多篇，但关注的重点在《霍比特人》上，而对托尔金早期发表的表达其文学思想的论文集《贝奥武甫：妖怪与批评家》（Beowulf： The Monsters and the Critics，1936）和论文《论童话》（On Fairy Stories，1947）的重要作用没能给予足够的重视摘要：托尔金评论发轫时期（前三十年）的评介者们关注的重点是《霍比特人》，对其评价也是毁誉参半。

此期间还没有真正意义上的托尔金研究，大多只停留在介绍的层次上，这和托尔金的文学创作与当时的现代派文学主潮不合拍有关。

关键词：托尔金研究《霍比特人》《魔戒》基金项目：本文为江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金指导项目“托尔金小说的伦理之维”（编号09SJD750031）阶段性成果，受江苏省“333高层次人才培养工程”、“江苏省高校青蓝工程”和“江苏省高校优秀中青年教师和校长境外研修计划”资助J. R. R. 托尔金（John Ronald Reuel Tolkien，1892 -1973）是20世纪英国最著名的奇幻（fantasy）文学作家，其作品已畅销80年。

六年级英语神话理解单选题60题答案解析版1.In the myth, who is known for his strength?A.ApolloB.HerculesC.Poseidon答案：B。

Hercules 以力量著称。

Apollo 是太阳神，以音乐、诗歌等才能闻名。

Poseidon 是海神，以掌控海洋的能力闻名。

2.Who is the goddess of love in myths?A.AthenaB.VenusC.Hera答案：B。

Venus 是爱与美的女神。

Athena 是智慧女神。

Hera 是天后。

3.In a certain myth, who has wings on his feet?A.MercuryB.DionysusC.Ares答案：A。

Mercury 有带翅膀的脚。

Dionysus 是酒神。

Ares 是战神。

4.Who is the king of the gods in Greek mythology?A.ZeusB.Hades答案：A。

Zeus 是希腊神话中的众神之王。

Hades 是冥王。

Apollo 是太阳神。

5.Who is often depicted with a bow and arrow?A.ArtemisB.DemeterC.Hestia答案：A。

Artemis 常被描绘成拿着弓和箭。

Demeter 是农业女神。

Hestia 是灶神。

6.In a myth, who is the god of war?A.AresB.HermesC.Hephaestus答案：A。

Ares 是战神。

Hermes 是信使神。

Hephaestus 是火神和工匠之神。

7.Who is the goddess of wisdom?A.AphroditeB.AthenaC.Persephone答案：B。

Athena 是智慧女神。

Aphrodite 是爱与美的女神。

Persephone 是冥后。