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数词、冠词和连接词

数词、冠词和连接词
数词、冠词和连接词

分类:数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。

一、基数词:表示数目的词叫基数词。

1、英语中常用的基数词有:

(1)百位与十位之间要加and;十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。

(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion 表示。

(3)hundred、thousand、million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one,two,…等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如:five hundred(五百),hundreds of(成百上千的),ten thousand(一万),housands of(成千上万的),millions of(成百万的)。

二、序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。

1、英语的序数词基本变法:

(1)一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。

2、序数词如下:1000th→one thousandth,1000000th →one millionth,第703→the seven hundred and third,第5480→the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.。

3、注:(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如:thirty-sixth;

(2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the。如:I’m in the third grade。

(3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如:1/5→one fifth ;2/3→two thirds ;4/7→four sevenths;1/2→ a half;1/4→a quarter;3/4→three quarters ;50%→fifty hundredths ( fifty percent)。

4、数词的用法:

(1)表示年份:2002:twenty thousand and two ;1976 :nineteen seventy-six。

(2)表示日期:12月1日:Dec.1st或the first of December;2002年11月8日:Nov. 8th, 2002.

(3)表示时刻:5:15→five fifteen或a quarter past five;8:30→eight thirty或half past eight;10:45→ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven。

(4)表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five;Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen;P.5→Page Five;Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine

(5)小数的读法:5.7→five point seven,0.16 →zero point one six。

(6)“半”的表达:1/2→half,半小时→half an hour,1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.

(7)序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如:The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗?)

冠词分类及读法:英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来

限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。

1、不定冠词a / an的用法:不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面;an用在元音开头的词的前面。

不定冠词的基本用法:

(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)

(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)

(3) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)

(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)

(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语:a bit(一点),a little(一点),a few(几个),a lot (许多),a kind of(一种),a pair of(一副、一双),a number of(大量的),a piece of (一张、一片),half an hour(半小时),have a good time(玩得开心),have a cold(感冒),make a noise(发出嘈杂声),have/take

a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。

2、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。

定冠词的基本用法:

(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克。)

(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)

(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人,那个人叫罗伯特。)

(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)

(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如:There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地区将会刮大风。)

(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去?) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近。)

(7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴。)

(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山。)

(9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国。)

(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山。)

(11)same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样。)

(12)几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。

3、一些不用冠词的情况:

(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:China is a very large country.(中国是个大国。) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水。)

(2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了。)

(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一。) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树。)

(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明。)

(5) 三餐饭前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭。)

(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物。)

(7) 球类名词前不用。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球。)

(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院。)

(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如:⑴at / to / from / out of / after / for school;⑵in / to / for / after class;⑶in / to / out of / into bed;⑷after / at/ from / out of / to work;⑸at / to sea;⑹in / from / down / to town;⑺at / from home;⑻at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper;⑼at night/noon/midnight;⑽on foot;⑾go to school/bed;⑿on top of;⒀in front of;⒁on show/display/duty/watch;⒂in / out of hospital;⒃at all;⒄on/in time;⒅at first/last/once;⒆in Chinese/English,etc.;⒇take care of

连接词

一、连词的含义:连接词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词叫连接词。

二、连词的分类:连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。

1、并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有:and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否则),nor(也不),so(所以),however(然而,无论如何),for(因为),still(可是),as well as(也),both..and...(...和...),not only ...but also...(不但…而且…),either…or…(或…或…),neither…nor…(既不…也不…)等。

2、从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有:

when(当…时候),while(正当…时候),after(在…之后),before(在…之前),since(自从),until(直到),although/though(虽然),if(假如),as(如…一样;由于),as …as…(和…一样),as far as(就…而言),as long as(只要),as soon as(一…就…),even if(即使),because(因为),unless (除非),than(比…),whether (是否…),in order that…(为了),so…that…(如此…以致),so that…(以便),now that…(现在既然),by the time…(到…时候),every time…(每当),as if…(仿佛),no matter when(或whenever)(无论何时),no matter where(或wherever)(无论在哪里)等。

[辨析](1) because、as、since、for的用法:because(因为)表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面;另外,回答why的问句只能用because。as(因为)表示一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。如:He is not at school today

because he is seriously ill.(他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害。)/ As all of you have got here, now, let’s go to the zoo.(既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧。)/ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy.(既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧。)/ We must be off now for the match starts at 7:00.(我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始。)

(2)if、whether的区别:表示“是否”时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句,另外whether 还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句;而if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。如:I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.(我不知道他是不是会按时到达。)/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.(如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的。)

[注意]下列情况只能用whether不能用if:①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词discuss之后,⑦在wonder / not sure之后,⑧在if与whether含义易混时。如:Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question.(下个星期天是不是个好天还是个问题。)(引导主语从句) / Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not.(请问一下带不带雨衣去那儿。)(作动词的宾语) / Hainan is the place to be, whether it’s summer or winter.(海南是个该去的地方无论冬夏。)(引导让步状语从句)/ Please let me know whether you need my help.(请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助。)(引导宾语从句)(如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知。”)

(3)while、when、as的用法区别:while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的;when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生;as与上两词同义,可替换while和when,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。如:Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework.(我写作业时请不要打扰我。)/ I’ll go home when I have finished my job.(我干完了活儿就回去。)/ They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming.(他们正快速地穿过马路忽然听到了卡车开来的声音。)/ As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly.(当我们在黑洞洞的街上走路时我们高声地唱歌说话。)

(4)till/until与not…till/until的区别:前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。如:I will stay here and watch the baby until you return.(我会呆在这里看着娃娃直到你回来。)(stay这个动作一直进行到你return) / They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.(他们要到获得了他们认为合理的东西时才会继续干下去的。)

另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till。如:Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.(我们坚持到比赛的最后一分钟。)/ Not until he had finished his work did he go home.(直到做完工作他才回家。)(倒装句)

(5)though与although的区别:两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though;though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even if),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首。如:He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.(尽管疾病使他无法上课但是他还是通过了考试。)/ she won’t leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.(她不愿离开电视机虽然丈夫在等她吃饭。)/ It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.(这是个不热闹的聚会尽管如此我还是玩得很开心。)

(6)prefer to…rather than…与prefer…to…的区别:prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。如:I prefer English to Japanese.(与日语相比我更喜欢英语。)/ I prefer to learn English rather than learn Japanese. (与日语相比我更喜欢学英语。)

小学语法总结 冠词 数词

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three hundred 300 时间表达方式:小时+分钟 two ten 2:10 序数词 注意:第一二三,特殊记,从四开始加th,8去t,9去e。遇到ve变f,遇到y就变ie,再加th。 多位数的基数词变成序数词时,只需将末位基数词变成序数词,前边的基数词不变。forty-second第42 自然拼读期中检测

一.听单词,填写空缺字母 p t c p n t g m p g g ft d t g m p t g s w t ga e d g g t ent ircle t b t ity t g m b an b b t s k g raffe on ert 二.听写单词 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

(完整版)英语语法专题一冠词

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初中英语冠词和数词的用法复习

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Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2)上文提到过的人或事: He bought a house.I've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。 3)指世上独一物二的事物: the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面: Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师) 7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

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—OK.I’ll tell you everything as soon as I get the re. 12.Beijing is ____beautiful city.It’s ____capital of China. 13.We have three meals____day.We have ____brea kfast at 6:30 in ___morning every day. 14.—Have you seen ____mobile phone? I left it h ere just now. —No,I haven’t. 15.In the United States,Father’s Day falls on ____ third Sunday in ____June. 16.I have ___map.____map is on ___wall of my__ _bedroom.It’s ___map of ____China. 17.—Are they in ____Class Three? —No.They’re in ____Class Two. 18.—Who’s their father? —_____man under____tree. 19.They’re twins,but one of them has ____blue dr ess and the other has ____orange one. 20.There is ___”s”,_____”u” and ____”b”in ____w ord “bus”.

2021年初中英语语法知识—冠词的全集汇编及答案(1)

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人教版初中英语初中英语语法之二冠词和数词(通用版)

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初中英语语法练习-名词与冠词

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用在惯用语中【Useful Expressions】: in the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening),the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water,field,country), in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, in the whole,by the way,go to the theatre

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一、选择题 1.---Look! Who’s girl under the tree? ---Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is honest girl. A.the; an B.a: the C.the; a D.an; the 2.--Why not take umbrella? It is raining. --What good advice! A.a ; an B.an ; a C.an ; / 3.Zhang Miman, 82, ______ professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was given ______ 2018 L’Oreal-UNESCO for Women in Science award on March 22. A.a; the B.a; an C.the; a D.the; the 4.The lyrics(歌词)“If you care enough for ____ living, make it ___ better place for you and for me.” in the song Healing the World really touches me. A.the, a B.a, the C.the, the D.a, a 5.Kevin is a soccer fan and he plays ________ soccer quite well. A.a B.the C./ 6.There is ________ “o” and ______ “n” in the expression “positive energy”. A.an; a B.an; an C.an; the D.the; a 7.Lily is _____ shy girl, but she’s good at playing _____ guitar. A.an, the B.a, the C.a, / D.an, / 8.Don’t worry! The government will look after ________ homeless in freezing days. A.a B.an C.the D./ 9.—Can you remember when Mr. Brown left ________ city? —Sorry . I can’t. I only remember it was ________ Thursday. A.a, a B.the, the C.a. the D.the, a 10.____ Sunday morning, I played ____ badminton . A.In, the B.On, the C.On, / D.In, / 11.I want to have ________ English pen pal. A.a B.the C.an D./ 12.— What do you often do after class? — We often take part in after-class activities. I like to play _______ basketball, but my brother likes to play________ guitar. A.a; the B.the; the C.不填; 不填D.不填; the 13.—What _______ cold weather! —Yes. But it's ______ unusual experience for us who always live in a hot place. A.an;an B./;a C./;an D.a;an 14.---Kate, are you only child in your family? ---Yes, but new baby is on the way. A.a; the B.an; the C.the; a D.the; the

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