定语从句概念:
1.在句子中修饰名词或代词，定语从句在句中充当定语。
2.定语从句必须有先行词，并尽量靠近先行词。
3.在定语从句中，关系词在从句中充当成分。
关系代词与关系副词
关系代词：
指人：who(主格)，whom(宾格)，whose(所有格)
指物：which(主格，宾格)，whose(所有格)
指人或物：that
关系副词：when, where, why
结论：先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时, 通常关系代词that
1)先行词是all，no，none，everyone，something，much，little等。
2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级，the last，the same，the only等。
3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时。
4)若主句中有疑问代词who，which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who，which
结论：
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是判断介词的选择，方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配)，再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断，结合生活实际来判断。
结论：as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句，,如都指前一句话的意思，二者可以互换。.as 引导的从句可以放在句首，as 本身有“正如…..正象…”一类的含义。与之连用的词有know，see，expect，announce，point out等。此外，在the same…as…，such….as….中as引导的是限制性定语从句。
练习
1.Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A.running; that
B. run; who
C. running; who
D. run; that
2.This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A.when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
3.Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
A.where
B. when
C. which
D. how
4.The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A.that the little girl asks him
B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him
D. what the little girl asks him
5.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A.which
B. in which
C. of which
D. whose
6.October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A.when
B. that
C. what
D. which
7.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose
8.There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what
9.I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when
10.The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before
11.________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A. It B. As
C. Which
D. What
12.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that
13.The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store. A. that which
B. one that
C. that of which
D. this of which
14.There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as
15.The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes
D. all of their homes
16.The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which
17.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year? A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where
18.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it. A. when
B. that
C. who
D. Where
19.The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and
20.He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. same
答案与解析
1.A. 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系 所以用现在分词。Those指街道 所以不用who而用that 来引导定语从句。
2.B. 因为在此题中where引导定语从句 表示“在这种种况下” 与in which相当。
3.A. 因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。
4.B. 答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句 另外 to后还省略了动词原形paint。
5.C. 因为of which引导定语从句 并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。
6.D. 因为这是个非限制性定语从句 先行词是前面一句话的内容。
7.B. 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语 所以用where 引导定语从句。
8.B. 因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语 所以用where。
9.C. 因为当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时 多
用that引导定语从句。
10.因为先行词是the time 且在定语从句中作状语 所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了 要善于辨别。
11.B. 先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句 一般由as或which引导定语从句 但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as有“正如”之意 而which没有 所以用as。顺便说说 原句改为 It is known to everybody that Taiwan is…= What is known to everybody is that Taiwan is…
12.A. 两空都是考查定语从句 先行词分别是the day和Shen Zhou V was launched, the day 在定语从句中作状语 用when引导 后句是非限制性定语从句 不能用that 要用which。
13. A. 因为替代不可数名词(the bread) 只能用that 排除B和D 又因为先行词that (the bread) 在定语从句中作buy的宾语 用which 所以选A。
14.D. 当定语从句的先行词前有such, so, as等词语时 由as引导 并且as在定语从句中作主语或宾语 as在此题中作dream of的宾语。注意 在表示“如此…以致…”的such /so…that …结构中 that不作任何句子成份。
15.B. 考查非限制性定语从句 all of whose homes = all of their homes他们所有的房子。
16.D. 因为先行词是前面整个句子 且在从句中作主语 所以用which。of course是插入语。
17. D. 将疑问句改为陈述句 this research center is…显然缺少先行词 必须加上代词the one 来作先行词 又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语 所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the 就选where 请想想这是为什么。
18.A. 因为先行词是the days 并在定语从句中作状语。
19.B. 当先行词前有so时 用as引导定语从句 as在从句中作主语或宾语。假若在lift后加上it 答案就是that了 请想想这是为什么。
20.C. 因前后均的句子 必须要选连词 排除B和D 又因在介词后不能用that来引导定语从句 所以选C。during which time在那段时间里。
宾语从句概念
宾语从句小口诀
宾语从句三注意 时态语序引导词
主句一般现在时 从句不需受限制
主句一般过去时 从句须用相应时
陈述句转化that引 一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词 引导词后陈述式
一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。
二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。
（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request,
require, propose, declare, report等。
例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
注意事项：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。
例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。
例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。
例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：
I don’t know what they are looking for.
Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
四.宾语从句的时态主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五.宾语从句的特点宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。whether 和if 都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。
如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
练习
We cannot figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when
I think Father would like to know _____ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how
A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where
The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand _____ they insist on going by motorbike. A. why B. Whether C. when D. how
Do you know ____ your parents are pleased ____ you’ve done? A. why; for what B. how; with what C. that; with which D. how; for what
We don’t know ______. A. this is whose dictionary B. whose dictionary is this C. whose dictionary this is D. whose is this dictionary
Can you tell me ____ get to the railway station? A. how can I B. what I can C. how I can D. where I can
He was never satisfied with or proud of ____ he had achieved. A. what B. that C. which D. all which
It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever
He wanted to make sure __________. A. how we went there by bus B. where did we go C. what did we go there D. when we went there
He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly ______. A. where he had paid for it
B. what he had paid for it
C. what he was paid for it
D. which he had paid for it
12、He asked me ________ with me. A what the matter is B what the matter was C what’s the matter D what was the matter
The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is . A. what B. which C. how D. where
I wondered __________________. A. what does he think of the result B. what he thinks of the problem C. how he dealt with the problem D. how did he like the result
With his camera he kept taking pictures he did and saw A. where B. that C. of which D. of what
答案
C。考查宾语从句。figure out为及物动词短语 故其后跟的是宾语从句 由从句意思可知引导词在句中作原因状语 故选why。
C.考查宾语从句。be up to sth.意为“干某事” 故应用what来引导宾语从句 且what在从句中作介词to的宾语。
A。考查宾语从句。宾语从句在句中作介词in 的宾语 从句中缺少主语。而在名词性从句中what可作主语、宾语、表语等 which多作定语 that一般不充当成分 where作状语或表语 故选A。
A。考查宾语从句。由句意“路上都是雪 我不明白他们为什么还坚持要骑摩托车去。”可知应选A。
B
C
C
A
B
D
B
D
A
C
D
状语从句
1．时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
一、时间状语从句
概念：
在复合句中，由时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的时间。(在复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。）
要点:
时间状语从句，由以下连词引导：
when while as after before as soon as since till /until by the time 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句主要用一般现在时。
1.when在...的时候
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(在)莫扎特4岁的时候，开始写音乐作品。
2.while在...期间
He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.
他在旅行期间参观了许多地方。
3.as在...的同时；一边...一边...
We alwalys sing as we walk.
我们总是一边走一边唱。
I'll let him know as soon as she comes.
她一来，我就会让他知道。
4.after在...之后
He left the classroom after he had finished his homework .
他做完作业之后就离开教室。
5.before 在...之前
Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.
布朗先生来这里之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。
6.as soon as 一。。。就。。。
We began to work as soon as we got there.
我们一到那就开始工作。
I will write to you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就给你写信。
7.since 自。。。以来到现在
表示自过去的一个起始时间点到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago(从三年前至今)表示。
Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.
自格林先生来中国以来，他就在这所学校教书。
8 till /until直到。。。
都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。（强调将一般用until）
They walked till /until it was dark.
他们一直走到天黑。
Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back.
小明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。
9. by the time 到。。。为止
(所在句子的主句应用完成时)
By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.
他到家的时候，他爸爸已经走了。
By the time I got to school, the class had already began.
我到校时，已经开始上课了。
编辑本段时间状语从句注意事项
1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
例如：
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长一边谈一边笑。
when, while和as的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
例如：
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬间动词)
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）
We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。(瞬间动词) While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：
We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）
As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
as when while的辨析
as when while都表示主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下：
表示“一边。。。一边"的意思
as 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
用于发生时间较短时
when
1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作"之前"或"之后"发生。
2、when=and then; at that moment (正在那个时候)
while 1、用于时间较长时
2、强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时
有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。
It was raining hard when (as) I got there.
我到那里时，正在下大雨。( 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get 是点动词.)
When I had read the article, he called me.
我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。( 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when )
When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.
(当)我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。(从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态)
He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.
他正要离开，忽然电话响了。( 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达“正在” “即将”. while, as不能代替
She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。(表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它)
While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.
外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。(表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间)
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as (when/ while) father was away.
妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。(此时as ,when, while可通用) 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句
注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句
till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：
I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句
谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。
知识扩展
1. It is since从。。。以来多长时间了(因为since +从句或名词，表示一段时间)
It is five years since we met last time.从我们上次见面已经五年了。
2. It is +before…(。。。才)
It was a long time before I went to sleep again.
过了很长时间我才睡着。
It was an hour before(=until) the police arrived.
过了一个小时，警察才来。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, ]等引导的时间状语从句b]这些连词都表示“一……就……”。
例如：
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。
【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.他刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句
注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever]引导的时间状语从句b]例如：
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long as]引导的时间状语从句。b]这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”，通常译为“只要”例如：
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天
黑以前回来就行。
I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。
9.when和while的区别
when 和while 都可表示“当.....时....”“这时候.....”when后及短暂性动词（land，come in，meet，leave 等），while后及延续性动词（shop，visit，read，sleep 等）
when 后及一般过去式。eg：The girl was shopping when she saw the alien.
What was Charlotte doing when the alien took off ?
while 后及过去进行时。eg：While the alien was buying a souvenir , the boy called the police. While the alien was reading the book , the boy called the TV station[1].
2．条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
要点：条件状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。
1.If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.
2.You will get good grades if you study hard.
如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.
3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.
我会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我就去.)
4.You will be late unless you leave immediately.
如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late.)
难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.
He will not leave if it isn’t fine tomorrow.
一般将来时，一般现在时
They are going to have a picnic if it doesn’t rain next week.
一般将来时, 一般现在时
3．让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首)，no matter …，in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
七、让步状语从句
要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词though, although引导.
难点：
lthough, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. Although,(though)…but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以though (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的.
Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.
Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.
Wrong: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.
Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.
尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.
although, though 辨析
although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though.
1。He is looking fit, though.
但是,他看上去很健康. 考点
2。Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling.
尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。
3。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.
尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。
典型例题
1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When
B. However
C. Although
D. Unless
答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。
2)as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：
a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3)ever if, even though.即使
We’ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or-不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they’re given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they’re given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
状语从句连词
时间when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, immediately, the day, no so one r … than, hardly(scarcely)… when, the minute, the
second, every(each) time
地点Where, wherever, everywhere
条件if, unless, providing/provided that, as(so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if, if only
原因because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view of the fact that(鉴于)
让步though, although, even if(though), as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词，for all that, granting/granted, whether … or, in spite of the fact that,
despite the fact that
比较as…as, not the same as, not so…as, than
方式as, as if(though) the way
目的that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
结果so that, so… that, such … that, but that
￥ 初中宾语从句和定语从句混合练习 1.--- Could you tell me __________ --- Fill in this form and I will give you a card. A how I can meet Cathy B where I can meet Cathy C when I can meet Cathy D why I can meet Cathy ? 2.--- There are many volunteers __________ are helping the children in Sichuan. --- And most of them are college students. A which B when C whose D who 3.I don’t know the teacher __________ is talking with Miss Wang. A what B whom C which D who @ 4.The skirt __________ is made of silk is very expensive, I can’t afford it. A what B who C that D whom 5.--- Could you tell me __________ ---Just go straight. It’s on your right. A where the police stations is B what your name is | C which country you come from D why you like koalas 6.---Do you know ______the girl in red is --- I’m not sure. Maybe she is a teacher. A when B how C where D what 7.【 8.Who is the man __________ is reading a book over there A that B which C whose D what 9.---What a new computer! Can you tell me __________ --- Just the day before yesterday. A how much you paid for it B how much did you pay for it
最新中考英语易错题型：宾语从句和定语从句 【2019 ? 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it? —OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy 【参考答案】 【试题解析】句意：——西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的，用where 引导。故选A。 丢分探因 此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序； 二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中A项和C项都是陈述语序，根据句意可知此处问的是他在哪里买的衣服，故选where作引导词。 查漏补缺 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这 些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t kn ow why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。
简单句和复合句 一、从简单词到复合句 主语句子充当主语主语从句 宾语句子充当宾语宾语从句句词性从句 表语句子充当表语表语从句 同位语句子充当同位语同位语从句 三大类基本从句 定语句子充当定语定语从句 状语句子充当状语状语从句 Example: 技术类型： 1. I really need to learn how to concentrate/focus on one thing at a time to improve the efficiency of the work The goal of the code change on PE load line was that there is no code change in the CI package built. 2. Assuming that MSRN keeps unchanged as long as it stays in the same VLR area, a copy of MSRN can be held on HLR and only needs to be updated when the UE moves to a new VLR area. 3. Calls that were still in the alerting state or on hold were not transferred. Calls where the subscriber was the controller of a conference call may still be transferred per the 3GPP procedures, however, the fact that the subscriber may be the controller for a conference was not known to the MSC, so the decision to allow such a call to be transferred would be up to the SCC AS. 4. Upon receipt of a SIP INFO, if the body has the Content-Type header containing ‘application/vnd.3gpp.state-and-event-info+xml’ and a XML body compliant to the XML schema specified in the TS 24.237 Section D.2 with the state-info XML element containing ‘early’ and direction XML element containing ‘i the WCS shall perform the followings. 5. She didn’t realize the fact. （The girl who was taken care of by her grandmother）I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 二.宾语从句中引导词的用法 在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有： 连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 代词：who, whose, what ,which 副词：when ,where, how, why 等。 （一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有： say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。
初中状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句练习和答案 ( )1.When you____the office,you’d better_____that the lights are turned off. A.leave;make sure B.leave;to make sure C.will leave;make sure D.will leave;to make sure ( )2.John fell asleep____he was listening to the music. A.after B.before C.while D.as soon as ( )3.I won’t believe that the five—year—old boy can read five thousand words ___I have tested him myself. A.after B.when C.if D.until ( )4.I haven’t heared from Bill___he left here. A.when B.before C.since D.while ( )5.—Is Tom at school today? —No.He’s at home____he has a bad cold. A.because B.if C.until D.before ( )6.Sorry,you speak ___quickly____I can’t follow you. A.too;to B.so;that C.as;to D.very;so ( )7.Tomorrow we’ll go to the city park___it is sunny. A.as soon as B.when C.if D.as ( )8.—Shall we have the volleyball match tomorrow? —Oh,it will be put off if it____. A.snows B.is snowing C.snowed D.snow ( )9.—Do you know if will go to the cinema tomorrow? —I think we’ll go if we___too much work. A.will have B.have C.won’t have D.don’t have ( )10.Jack spends much money on books____he is not so rich. A.though B.when C.if D.because ( )11.Don’t worry,I’ll tell Mr Green___he comes back. A.when B.how C.why D.where ( )12.If Mike___up earlier,he can finish the work in time. A.get B.will get C.gets D.is getting ( )13.If Mr Smith___back, please let me know. A.will come https://www.doczj.com/doc/e14435277.html,es C.came D.had come ( )14.There will be a parents’ meeting this afternoon.But my parents can’t come because they___to Harbin. A.has gone B.have gone C.has been D.have been ( )15.—Mary, what about going boating if it___tomorrow? —Good idea. A.not rain B.will rain C.doesn’t rain D.won’t rain ( )16.—Tom,if you____so many mistakes again,you’ll lose your job. —Sorry,sir. A.will make B.made C.make D.making ( )17.This dress still looks pretty on you,____it is out of style. A.though B.but C.since D.if ( )18.____they are brothers,they don’t look like each other at all.
英语学科中考专项复习 宾语从句和定语从句教学设计 一：教学内容： 宾语从句的定义和结构、引导词、语序和时态 定语从句的关系代词 that, which, who ,whom,whose 二：学情分析： 九年级学生的英语水平参差不齐，成绩好的学生能够很好的掌握各个知识点，成绩中等的学生对于有些知识点可能是模糊不清，成绩不好的学生对英语可能完全是一窍不通。此次宾语从句和定语从句的专项复习，很多学生对两种从句认识不清，对他们应遵守的语法规则认识模糊，直接影响学生的理解句子的能力，尽管宾语从句和定语从句的考核只有两分，但它们涉及的面是广泛的。因此，我对这两种从句进行了详细的分析并通过历年各市的中考题来加深学生的印象。 三、教学目标 知识与技能：复习宾语从句的定义和结构、引导词、语序，掌握时态的变化以及定语从句的定义、结构和关系代词。 过程与方法：通过课堂活动，熟悉话题进行简单的交流，从历年中考题目中找出有关的信息，理解题意，并能简单归纳知识点。 情感态度价值观：通过课堂探究培养学生积极思考，踊跃发言的能力，增强他们解决问题的决心，提高学习英语的兴趣。 四、教学重点、难点： 重点：宾语从句的语序；定语从句的关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose的使用。
难点：宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应；定语从句中关系代词的使用 五、教具： PPT课件、资料 六、教学过程： Step1、进行中考考情考点分析 分析：岳阳中考题型 2016,2018年考的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，2017，2019年考的是定语从句.2019年湖南省有5个市考了定语从句，6个市考了宾语从句，而且都是由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。所考题型都以单项选择题为主。 Step2、板书一些宾语从句和定语从句，让学生分析它们的相同之处以及不同之处，然后老师进行总结。 I heard (that ) he got into a good high school last year. I like music that sounds good. This is the most interesting book (that) I have ever read. Could you tell me who he talked to just now? Tom prefers the singers who write their own songs. Do you know which city he has been to?
如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句？（附习题）| 虫虫讲英语 2018-12-02 14:52 「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号——有时候，语法换一种方式讲，就听懂了。 如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句，是学生最常问我的问题之一。今天，我们通过青铜、白银、黄金、王者四级难度的例句，一起研究下怎样一眼辨别英语3大从句。 01 概念 3大从句的区别均在于前面两个字：定语、宾语和状语： 知道了这几个概念，这三种从句就很好理解了： >> 定语从句：作定语的从句，做adj.修饰先行词；
在这里，dog “狗子” 是先行词，即“走在定语从句前面的名词”；定语从句 that shits a lot 其中的 that，指 代了前面的 dog，告诉我们这是一条怎样的狗子：拉很多的狗子。 >> 宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面； 第一句，宾语从句为普通的陈述句，放在 think 这个动作后面，由连接词 that 引导。 第二句，宾语从句已经改成陈述句语序，原来人讲的话则是一般疑问句Do you let it go “你丫放不放手” ？该从句放在 depend on 的介词 on 后面，一般疑问句由 whether/ if 引导。 >> 状语从句：作状语的从句，给主句增加信息量。 状语从句，是3大从句中比较好记的一种：有个完整的主句，从句是提供更多信息的，比如上述例句告诉我们他为什么养狗。只要熟悉九大状语从句的引导词（← 戳可查看），几乎一眼就能辨别出状语从句。 02 当堂练习 现在，我们一起看几个句子找找感觉。请判断下列句子是定语从句，宾语从句还是状语从句？ >> 青铜 1. If it is fine tomorrow, I will visit you. 2. I helped an old man who lost his way.
1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。
初三英语语法及专项训练（宾语从句、定语从句部分） [Grammar] Object Clause 总结 基本概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。 I think (that) you will like the students. I am interested in what she is doing. They often worry about whether they can get the jobs. 基本特点： 一、选择合适的连结词。 1. 词that（在口语、非正式文体中可以省略，本身没有意义）。引导陈述句做宾语从句。如： I tell him that I have read the story. 2. 连词if或whether（是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。 Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow? 3. 代词who（作主语）、whom（作宾语）、whose（定语）、which（主语、定语）；连接副词when, why, how, where, (均作状语)。引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。 He didn't know when he would leave for Shanghai. * 否定的用法 有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。 I don't think you're right. = I think you aren't right. 二.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前。 (1)主句（主语＋谓语vt）＋（that）从句（主语＋谓语……）； (2)主句＋if/whether从句（主语＋谓语…）； (3)主句＋连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which+陈述句语序（主语＋谓语…）； (4）主句＋连接副词when/where/why/how+陈述句语序。使用时就注意连词的意义，是否担任成份。例如： 1)Can you hear___? A. what did he say B. that he said C. what he said 2) Can you tell me? What's your name? ---Can you tell me what your name is? 3) He didn't understand … Can this machine work? He didn't understand if this machine could work. 三. 宾语从句的时态呼应： 1. 当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。 2. 主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时，宾 语从句仍然用现在时态。做宾语从句练习时, 要记住“一连词，二语序，三时态”! 宾语从句练习 1. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2. Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3. The students want to know whether they___ a dictation today in class. A. had B. has C. will have D. are
复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。 主句是句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。 从句可以担任复合句的主语（主语从句）、表语（表语从句）、宾语（宾语从句）、定语（定语从句）、状语（状语从句）。中学阶段主要学习含有状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的复合句。 A．状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表示的意思的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、让步、比较（或方式）和条件等类。 ○1时间状语从句：由when, while, as, the moment, the minute, once, whenever, before, after, ○2条件状语从句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引导。（注： 在条件状语从句的将来时态要用现在时和过去时，表示相应的将来时）。 I’ll show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . / If I had enough money, I would buy the car ○3原因状语从句：由because（因为）, as（由于）, since（既然）, for（因为）等引导。 He was absent yesterday because he was ill . / As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night . ○4目的状语从句：由so that, that, so, in order that, in case等引导。句中常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。 He got up early so that he could catch the early train. / He studied hard in order that he might succeed . ○5结果状语从句：由so…that, so, so that, such…that等。 The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . / Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead . ○6比较状语从句：由than, as…as, not as(so)…as, the（＋比较级）…the（＋比较级）等引导。Today is not as warm as yesterday. / He listens to the teacher more carefully than I .
状语从句练习 ( ) 1. I won't believe you___ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when ( )2.He ___ home ___ she was satisfied ___ his answer yesterday. A. didn't go; until; with B.wasn't go; after; to C. doesn't go; before; with D. didn't go; until; to )3. He ___ back until the work ___ done. A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is ( ) 4. They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if ( )5. Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C.arrives in D.get to ( )6. I'm sure he'll come to see me before he ___ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves ( )7. Tom has got a watch. He ___ it for two years. It _______ by his father. A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought , C. was bought; has bought . D. has had; was bought "' ( )8. When he got to the station, the train ___. A. left B. had left C. leaves D. has left ( ) 9. The boy told his father what he ___ in the street. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see ( ) 10. We ___ TV when the telephone ____. A. watched; was ringing B. were watching; rang C. watch; rings D. are watching; rang ( ) 11. I ___ you for a long time. Where ___ you ___? A. didn't see; did; go B. didn't see; have; gone C. haven't seen; have; been D. haven't seen; have; gone ( ) 12. Tom___ China for 3 years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has been at ( ) 13. -Hello! May I speak to Bob? -Sorry, but he ___ for a month. A. had been away B. was left C. left D. has been away ( )14. Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ___ she was ill. A. because B. but C. until D. if ( )15. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English. A. While B. When C. Since D. After ( )16. I'd like to go swimming _____ the water is not too cold. A. for B. unless C. if D. whether ( ) 17. There are ___ many league members in class 2 ___ in Class 4. A. both; and B. 'so; that C. either; or D. as; as ( )18. Suzhou is not ____ beautiful ____ Hangzhou. A. as; than B. so; as C. even; than D. /; than ( ) 19. I want to know ___ she is going to see a film. A. if B. that C. what D. which ( )20. I'll go to see the film with you___I have time this evening. A. whether B. so C. if D. when ( ) 21. ___ you study harder, you'll never pass the final exam. A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Except ( ) 22. Although it was raining,-- still worked in the fields. A. but they B. and they C. they D. and yet they ( )2 3 .___ she is very old, ___ she can still work eight hours a day. A. Because; so B. Though; but C. As; yet D. Though; yet ( ) 24. Please answer the question in a loud enough voice ___ all the class may hear. A. so, that B. or C. in order that D. and ( ) 25.I hurried___I wouldn't be late for class.
宾语从句和定语从句讲解 （一）that 引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的引导连词有that, who, whose, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why, whether, if 可以跟that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree. 1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语 2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应 （a）当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态 例如：I believe（that）you did your best for that. I believe（that）you will do your best for that. (b) 当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态） 例如：I hear he will come here later on . I heard he would come here later on. I can’t tell him that his mother died. (c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。 例如：My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. That 引导的定语从句和that 引导的宾语从句的区别 定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句 一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that 来引导 如：Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat
状语从句练习 ( ) 1. I won't believe you___ I have seen it with my own eyes. A. before B. until C. after D. when ( )2.He ___ home ___ she was satisfied ___ his answer yesterday. A. didn't go; until; with B. wasn't go; after; to C. doesn't go; before; with D. didn't go; until; to ( ) 3. He ___ back until the work ___ done. A. isn't; will be B. isn't; is C. won't be; will be D. won't be; is ( ) 4. They didn't start the work ___ their teacher came back. A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if ( )5. Tom will call me as soon as he ___ Shanghai. A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to ( )6. I'm sure he'll come to see me before he ___ Beijing. A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves ( )7. Tom has got a watch. He ___ it for two years. It _______ by his father. A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought , C. was bought; has bought . D. has had; was bought "' ( )8. When he got to the station, the train ___. A. left B. had left C. leaves D. has left ( ) 9. The boy told his father what he ___ in the street. A. saw B. have seen C. had seen D. see ( ) 10. We ___ TV when the telephone ____. A. watched; was ringing B. were watching; rang C. watch; rings D. are watching; rang ( ) 11. I ___ you for a long time. Where ___ you ___? A. didn't see; did; go B. didn't see; have; gone C. haven't seen; have; been D. haven't seen; have; gone ( ) 12. Tom___ China for 3 years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has been at ( ) 13. -Hello! May I speak to Bob? -Sorry, but he ___ for a month. A. had been away B. was left C. left D. has been away ( )14. Betty didn't go to see the film yesterday ___ she was ill. A. because B. but C. until D. if ( )15. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English. A. While B. When C. Since D. After ( )16. I'd like to go swimming _____ the water is not too cold. A. for B. unless C. if D. whether ( ) 17. There are ___ many league members in class 2 ___ in Class 4. A. both; and B. 'so; that C. either; or D. as; as ( )18. Suzhou is not ____ beautiful ____ Hangzhou. A. as; than B. so; as C. even; than D. /; than ( ) 19. I want to know ___ she is going to see a film. A. if B. that C. what D. which ( )20. I'll go to see the film with you___I have time this evening. A. whether B. so C. if D. when ( ) 21. ___ you study harder, you'll never pass the final exam. A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Except ( ) 22. Although it was raining,-- still worked in the fields. A. but they B. and they C. they D. and yet they