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牛津深圳版英语八年级上Unit1 知识点与练习

牛津深圳版英语八年级上Unit1 知识点与练习
牛津深圳版英语八年级上Unit1 知识点与练习

2019年广州新牛津英语八年级上Unit 1 Encyclopaedias

Unit 1 Encyclopaedias

必记单词

human adj. 人的 dinosaur n. 恐龙 inventor n.发明家 born v.出生ability n. 才能;能力

include v. 包括;包含

even adv. 甚至

however adv. 然而

nobody pron. 没有人

win v. 获胜,赢

2、常考短语

be born

for example

more than

die out

just like

be famous for

how long

find out

would like

next to

go for a walk

3、经典句型

1). Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.

2). Nobody knows why.

3). Would you like some tea?

必记短语

listen to 听 hear

learn about 了解到 learn

talk about 谈论

in the countryside 在乡村,在农村be born 出生

human being 人

die out 灭绝,消失

at the end of 在...的尽头,在...末尾used to 过去常常

know about 知道关于...的情况

one day 有一天

be famous for 因.....而出名

so much 如此多

find out了解到,弄清 find by the window 在窗户旁边

next to 挨着

Sb.be interested in 对....感兴趣

be sure 确信

in the mountains 在山上

do with 处理

in the newspaper 在报纸上

all kinds of 各种各样的

a number of许多,大量

since then 自从那时

be made up of由....组成,构成connect....to 把....和.....连接起来for example =such as 例如

more than =over 多余超过

just like=be like 正如正像

How long 多久

would like to =want to 想要

go for a walk =take a walk 散步

from an early age 早期从很小时

look up 向上看查阅

4、重点语法:

some和any;复合不定代词

二课文详解:

Getting reading

1. Is my encyclopaedia useful, Lo? Lo, 我的百科全书有用吗?

useful adj. “有用的,有益的,有帮助的”。useful是由名词use加后缀-ful构成的形容词,常在句中充当表语或定语。

This dictionary is very useful to us. 这本词典对我们很有用。

This is a useful book for English beginners. 这是一本对英语初学者有帮助的书。

拓展:

(1)useful前使用不定冠词a, 因为它的发音是以辅音音素开头。

(2)以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-

less结尾的形容词。

useful (有用的) – useless(无用的)

careful(细心的)– careless(粗心的)

helpful (有帮助的– helpless(徒劳的)

Reading

1. Look up 意为“查阅;查询”,强调的词典、参考书等工具书里查询。

We can look up new words in dictionary. 我们可以在词典中查新单词。

拓展:

① look up 仰视;向上看

He looked up from his book as I came into the room. 我进入房间时,他从书本上抬起头来看了看。

2. look的相关短语:

look around 向周围看

look out 向外看;当心

look like 看起来像

look the same 看起来相同

look forward to doing 盼望

2. be born意为“出生”,其后可接地点或时间状语。

接地点名词时用介词in,

接时间名词时用介词on或in

(具体到某一天用on;出生于某年/某月用in)。

Where were you born?

3.

①famous adj. 著名的,

相当于well-known,可以做表语和定语。

She is famous sports star in the world.

2. 辨析:

be famous for 与be famous as

be famous for 因……而闻名

Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.

be famous as 作为……而著名

He is famous as a singer.

4. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.

1 include及物动词,包含,包括

The children include twenty girls.

拓展

including prep. 包括,包含在内

Ten members were present at the meeting, including myself.

2 drawing 可数名词,图画;素描图

辨析:

drawing, picture 与painting

drawing 指素描、工程图、线条图、铅笔画、钢笔画等

picture 指图片、图画、照片等。指照片时,与photo意义相同

painting 指着色的水彩画、油画等

5.Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.

1 more than “超过;多于”,相当于over,反义词less than,意为“少于”。

They have more than a car. 他们有不止一辆汽车。

拓展:

no more than ( = only) 仅仅;不过

not more than 不多于;不超过

2 million “百万”,与具体的数字连用是,不加-s,后面直接接复数名词。

固定短语

millions of 。。。“数百万的……”,其后接可数名词的复数形式,不与具体数字连用。hundred, thousand和million的用法相同。

Millions of people help them in different ways.

There are about two thousand students in this school.

助记:

hundred, thousand和million,有时含糊有时清。清时无-s和of,糊时-s和of跟

题:

Football is so exciting that of people in the world play it.

A. millions of

B. million of

C. two millions of

6. everywhere adv. 到处(=here and there)

辨析:

everywhere, nowhere, anywhere 与somewhere

everywhere 到处用于肯定句

nowhere 没有一处表示否定的含义

anywhere 任何地方多用于否定句和疑问句

somewhere 某个地方用于肯定句

7. as... as... “与……一样……”,当两个比较对象在某方面相同时,用“as+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构,表示“(A与B)一样……”

This tree is as tall as that one.

拓展:比较两个对象时,一方不及另一方,用“not/so+形容词/副词原级+ as”结构,表“A不如B……“

Our school is not so big as yours.

--- English isn’t as as Chinese.

--- Maybe, perhaps it’s just because Chinese is your native language.

A. easy

B. easily

C. easier

D. easiest

8. comes out of his/her mother/s body

out of 从……出来,在……外

The workers are coming out of the meeting room.

look out of 从……向外看rush out of 从……冲出来

take out of 从……取出来jump out of 从……跳出来

9. outside prep.在……外面, 反义词:inside

Let’s play games outside the house.

adv. 在外面。

It’s raining outside. Let’s stay inside and watch TV!

10. at the end of ... 在……的末尾,在……的尽头,既可指地点,也可指时间。

in the end 最终,最后,终于,其后不接of短语。

11. Person 指个别人,其复数指具体的数量对于1的人

Six persons were injured in the car accident.

People 集合名词,通常为复数,泛指“人,人们”,一般不指具体的人

Some people may not support us.

Man 除指“男人”外,还泛指一般的人

Any man with eyes can see it.

12 “used to + 动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”,并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。

I used to go to that primary school.

翻译句子:过去我们经常写信,而现在写电子邮件。

We , but now we write e-mails. (2019辽宁中考)

13. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事,有时本结构与help sb. with sth.相同。He often helps me (to) study English. = He often helps me with my English.

拓展:○1help oneself to ...随便吃些……

Help yourselves to some fish, children.

②can’t help doing... 禁不住做……

She can’t help laughing.

14.just like “正如,正像”, like prep. 像,后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。

Everyone would like a clean classroom, just like home.

15. something important “重要的事”。形容词作定语修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,要放在这些不定代词的后面。

(2019 湖北孝感) My host family tried to cook for me when I studied in New Zealand.

A. different something

B. different anything

C. something different

D. anything different

16.remember vt.记住

辨析:remember to do sth. 与remember doing sth.

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(此事还未做)Please remember to close the light. remember doing sth. 记得已做过某事(此事已做完)I remember closing the light.

17. Some were small; others were huge.

some ... others ... 一些……另一些……

others指除去一部分之后的另一些,但不是剩余的全部。

There are lots of people in the park. Some are walking and others are climbing the hill.

拓展:some ... the others ... 一些……其余的……,the others 指剩下的全部包含在内的”其余人或事物“。

There are some children on the beach. Some can swim but the others can’t.

18. How ling did dinosaurs live on Earth before they disappeared?

how long “多长时间”,用于提问一段时间。它还可以用来提问物体的长度,意为“多长”。How long is the river?

南京中考--- do you watch TV every week?

--- Less than two hours. I often have much homework to do.

A. How many

B. How much

C. How long

D. How often

词汇解析

human 人的,the human body人体

【知识拓展】human,人,也写作human being。

Dogs can hear much better than humans.狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。

练习:1.We are all h______beings.

2.Wolves will not usually attack(袭击) h__________.

3.These robots are just like h_________.

learn about 获悉,得知,了解到about是介词,后面接名词,代词做宾语,about 也可用of 代替。

例:We're all sorry to learn about her illness.

听到她生病的消息,我们都很难过。

listen to 意为“听”。listen 意为“听”,指听的过程,强调动作,是不及物动词,不能直接跟宾语,若表示听某人或某事时,后面要加介词to,to后接名词或代词。

例:Listen to a radio programme about the “Human Encyclopedia”.

听关于“百科全书”的广播节目。

练习1.我很高兴帮你了解中国。

I am glad to help you ______ __________China.

2.我经常听收音机学习英语。

I often _____ ________ _______ _______and learn English.

Inventor 发明家

He is a famous inventor.他是一位有名的发明家。

【知识拓展】(1)invent 发明,创造,指发明,创造出来的是以前没有的东西。

Gilbert discovered electricity,but Edison invented the light bulb.

吉尔伯特发现了电,但爱迪生发明了灯泡。

(2)invention 发明

The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.

计算机的发明标志着一个新时代的开始。

musician 音乐家,可数名词。

a piece of music 一首音乐listen to music 听音乐

【知识拓展】music 音乐,乐曲 musical 音乐的

Scientist 科学家

【知识拓展】-ist是表示人的职业类词汇的后缀:

scient 科学--------scientist 科学家

art 艺术----------artist 艺术家

piano 钢琴----------pianist 钢琴家

violin小提琴-------violinist 小提琴家

born 出生 be born on +地点;be born in出生于

I was bornin1980.我生于1980年。

ability 才能,能力,复数是abilities ,have the ability to do sth有能力做某事perhaps 可能,大概

【词语辨析】maybe ,perhaps,possible,probably

这四个词都意为“可能”,但表示可能性大小不一样,其顺序如下:

maybe,或许,大概,主要用于非正式场合,常用于口语中,语气比perhaps轻。

perhaps,也许,可能,副词,一般指小于一半可能性,较多的含有“不大可能”的意思。possibly,也许,或者,可能,可能性较大,用于否定句中表示“无论如何"之意Probably,很可能,大概,在这组中可能性最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。

include 包括,包含The price of the room includes breakfast.房间的租金包括在早餐在内。【词语辨析】include , including , included

(1)include 为及物动词,意为“包含,包括”指整体中包含明确说出的某些部分,有时不一定举出所包含的全部内容。

The price includes both house and furniture.价钱包括房子和家具

(2)including 介词,意为“包含,包括”

There are seven people, including four men. 共有七人,包括四位男士。

(3)included 为形容词,意为“包括在内的”,常用于名词之后。它和including引起的短语含义相同,但是在句中的词序位置不同。

Everybody had something to say, me included/ including me.

nobody 没有人,nobody 相当于not ...... anybody.

I saw nobody.=I didn't see anybody.我没有见到一个人。

新词强化训练

根据汉语提示完成句子

1.I was _______(出生)in a small village.

2.I'm planning to spend some time in the beautiful __________(乡村).I love nature.

3.He has the ________(能力)to be the manager .

4.________(也许)I'll see him tomorrow,but I’m not sure.

5.I think the most helpful______(发明) is the light bulb.

6._________(甚至)a child can understand it.

7.My house is small .It's very comfortable,_______(然而).

8._______(突然)there was a loud noise .

9.I opened the the door ,but I could see___________(无人).

用所给词的适当形式填空

10.The Chinese __________(inventor) the compass(指南针).

11.She likes listening to __________(musician).

12.My favorite subject is _________(scientist)

13.You'll find the plan ___________(include) most of your suggestions.

14.Their daughter is very ______________(intelligence)

more than 后接数词,意为“超过,多于" ,相当于over

He has been ill for more than two weeks,.他病了俩周多。

look up 查找,后面接名词或代词做宾语必须放在look与up之间。

Please look it up in the dictionary,if you don't know. 如果你不明白就请查字典。on earth 在地球上,在世界上,在人间,相当于in the world.

Dinosaurs lived on earth more than 60 million years before human beings.

在人类之前,恐龙在地球上生活了6千多万年。

【知识拓展】on earth 意为“究竟”。一般用于疑问词后表示强调

Where on earth have you been just now.刚才你究竟去哪了?

as+形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面一样,前一个as是副词,其后跟形容词或副词原级,后一个as是连词,常引导一个省略的比较状语从句。not as +形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面不同。

We think science is as important as maths.我们认为自然科学和数学一样重要。

used to 意为“过去常常,以前常常”,后面接动词原形,表示过去的习惯,只表示过去和现在的对比,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。

I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常怕黑。

something important 意为重要的事情,something 为不定代词,形容词修饰复合不定代词时放在不定代词后面

I want to do something different. 我想做些不同的事。

remember 及物动词,意为“记得,记住”,remember to do something 意为“记得去做某事”,remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”。

Please remember to post the letter for me. 请记得为我邮这封信。

I remember telling you about her. 我记得告诉过你关于她的事。

famous 出名的,著名的,sb +be famous for 指某人以某种知识,技能或特征出名。 sb + be famous as 指某人以某种身份出名,其后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。

Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦以他的《相对论》而闻名

Einstein was famous as a great scientist.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。

sp+ be famous for 指某地以某种地产而出名。sp +be famous as 指以什么样的产地或地方出名。

This area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区以绿茶而出名。

This area is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区是著名的绿茶产地。

else 意为别的,其他的,通常修饰不定代词something等,疑问代词what等,疑问副词when 等,else 用在这些词之后。

Who else did you see?你还看见别人了吗?

for example 与such as

这俩个短语都是“例如”的意思,

for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”为例,做插入语,可放在句首,句中或句末。

For example, I'll help you with your study.例如,我会在学习上帮助你。

such as 用来举例,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例,插在被例举的事物与名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。

I know many of them, such as Mike, Tom ,and Bill.

【知识巩固】

根据汉语意思完成句子

1.我们学校有三千多名学生。

There are _______ ______ three thousand students in our school.

2.关于中国文学你了解多少?

How much do you ______ ______ the Chinese literature.

3.例如,约翰就有相同的观点。

______ ________,John has the same opinion.

4.如果你不认识这个单词,可以在字典中查找它。

If you don't know this world ,you can _______ _________ _________in the dictionary.

5.地球上有上百万种生物。

There are millions of living things _________ __________.

6.我们学校有许多花,一些是红的,另一些是黄的。

There are many flowers in our school; ____are red; ________are yellow.

7.他和哥哥一样高。

He is ______ _______ __________his brother.

8.我希望有一天能参观夏威夷。

I hope to visit Hawaii __________ ___________.

用适当的介词或副词填空

9.Please connect the printer _________the computer.

10.At the end _____this road, you can see a supermarket.

11. Because of the environment problems, many kinds of animals have died _______.

12.China is famous _______the Great Wall.

13.Yao Ming is famous __________ a basketball player.

win 赢,获胜后面接match, game 等名词做宾语

He won a prize yesterday.他昨天得了一个奖。

【词汇辨析】beat 也可表示“打败,战胜”的意思,但此后只能接表示人的词做宾语,此外,beat还有“敲打”的意思,表示连续不断的动作。

We weren't sure we could beat them.我们没有把握能打败他们。

His heart is still beating.他的心脏还在跳动。

【强化训练】

What an exciting football match !Dalian Shide Team________Shanghai Shenhua.

A. won

B.lost

C.failed

D.beat

find out 意为“查明,弄清楚情况”指找出比较难找的抽象事物。

【知识拓展】find强调经过寻找后的结果,表示“发现”

I find a watch on the road. 我在路上发现了一块表。

find out 意为“发现,弄清,查明”强调“经过调查,研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真相或结论”

We shall find out the truth early or later.我们迟早会查明真相。

look for 意为“寻找”着重找的过程。

I look for my cat,but I didn't find it. 我到处找我的猫,但是没找到。

【巩固训练】

他下决心查明那个男孩发生了什么事情。

He decided to _____ _________what had happened to the boy.

让我们去寻找答案。

Let's go and ________ _________ the answers.

expect 及物动词,意为“期望,指望,认为'”强调等待的“心境”(即期待某事会发生,某人会来)。

I 'll wait for her at the station.我会到车站去等他。

wait for 强调等待的“活动”(即不做别的事,待在某处去等)

He is expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。

look forward to 强调期待者“怀有愉快的心情”,所以被期待的事物必然是愉快的事(如,假日,晚会等),而用expect所期待发生的事,可以是好事,也可以是坏事。

We are looking forward to our holidays.我们盼望假日的来临。

【知识巩固】

1.Don't sit _________ the window. It's cold there.

A. next door to

B. next

C. near

D. far from

2.--Would you like to go out for a walk with us?

-----_________,but I must write a letter to my pen friend now.

A. Of course not

B. That's all right

C. I'd love to

D. Yes ,I do

3.--Do you think our football team will win the match?

----Yes, we have better players. So I _____ them to win.

A. hope

B. ask

C. help

D. expect

be interested in 对...产生兴趣,对.....感兴趣。后面接动名词,名词,代词。

1.I was _________ the drawing and bought it for 300 yuan.

A. good at

B. bad at

C. interested in

D. terrified of

2.我们确信能帮这个男孩找到家人。

We _____ ______ _________ we can help the boy find his family.

3.我们应该互相学习。

We should _____ ________ each other.

be动词+形容词比较级+than 表示俩者之间的比较,意为“更.....,较......”

Our school is bigger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大。

do with 意为“处理”,常与what 连用,表示询问。

What are you going to do with your old books?你打算怎么处理你的旧书。

【知识拓展】deal with 意为“解决,应付,处理”后面常接trouble,problem等词,deal with 多与how连用,表示询问。

How did you deal with your book?你怎样处理了你的书?

【知识巩固练习】

1. 我们将怎样处理这个问题?

What shall we _____ _____ this problem?

2. 他的头发比萨姆短。

He has _______ hair ________Sam,

a number of 意为“许多”后跟可数名词复数

the number of 意为“.....的数目”做主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Our city has a number of hotels with high standard of services.

我市有许多高品质服务的宾馆。

The number of the teachers in our school is 200.

我们学校有200位老师。

﹡Italian n.意大利人,Italy n 意大利

All roads lead to Rome.(谚)条条大路通罗马;殊途同归.Rome was not built in a day.(谚)罗马城不是一天建成的;伟业非一日可成When in Rome do as the Romans do.

inventor n. 发明家

musician n. 音乐家

scientist n.科学家

born v. (be born)出生

countryside n.乡村; 农村

﹡artistic adj. 有艺术天赋的

ability n. 才能;能力

perhaps adv.可能;大概

invention n. 发明

notebook n. 笔记本

include v. 包括;包含

even adv. (强调出乎意料) 甚至

suddenly adv.突然;忽然

nobody pron. 没有人

﹡fossil n. 化石

win v. (won, won) (在比赛中)获胜,赢

dollar n.元(美国、加拿大等国货币单位)

in the countryside在乡村;在农村

human being人

die out灭绝;消失

find out了解(到);弄清

go for a walk去散步

一、课文再现

Look it up!

Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.

Da Vinci, Leonardo

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.

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