Discuss the impact of globalization on China from culture perspective
1. Introduction
Former UN Secretary General Annan once pointed out that globalization is an actual event which would have huge effects on the future of human race. Globalization is led by western countries, so developing countries have less effect in globalization (Lieber & Weisberg, 2002). Globalization becomes a great threat and challenge to both economy safety and sovereignty of developing countries, as well as their cultural security (Compton, 2000). As the world’s largest developing country, China goes faster than any other developing country in the progress of globalization. Coupled with the complex environment of globalization, many social facets in China are being or have been deeply influenced by globalization. Among these influences, China’s cultural development is in a much more dangerous situation. Globalization is a actually, double-edged sword, which brings people both challenges and opportunities.
2.Challenges of globalization to Chinese culture
2.1 Decline of traditional festivals
In the process of globalization and with the expansion of cultural communication, western culture sweeps China and of course, this is normal. Only absorbing and integrating foreign culture element can guarantee a national culture a remarkable development. In this culture exchanging progress, people should hold on to the bottom line of national culture. However, as western festivals enter China, more and more Chinese favor foreign festivals rather than their own. Some are indifferent to traditional Chinese festivals and even forget them (Jie, 2003). Certainly, the hype of foreign festivals by the advertisers is one of the reasons. However, what is deeply reflected by this phenomenon is that Chinese are showing a status of bigotry and inapplicability to the globalization (Liu, 2004). It is the bigotry and inapplicability that leads to the great endangerment of traditional Chinese festivals.
2.2 Insufficient cultural creative ability
Chinese culture and technology cannot make a breakthrough during the feudalism times (Huot, 2000). In the 21th century, feudal forces no longer exist. However,
Chinese technology, along with the culture, is still on hold, which may be caused in part by globalization. In the process of globalization, China has introduced a great number of modern cutting-edge technologies. This would have been a good thing. However, the problem is that the dependence on foreign science and technology is too large (Huot, 2000). People only pay attention to introduction but they barely devote themselves to analyzing and digesting the essence of these technologies. This phenomenon directly impairs the ability of self-dependent innovation.
2.3 Insufficient cultural autonomy
The process of cultural globalization will inevitably lead to conflicts of various ethnic cultures round the world. A typical example is that the US-led western culture spreads to occupy the dominance of the global culture. It stands in a strong position, forming the so-called "cultural hegemony" (Compton, 2000). Western culture has a powerful integration capability. It strongly radiates other developing countries on national culture. Chinese people are attracted by the highly developed western culture. After reexamining lagging factors within Chinese culture, phenomenon of westernization appears on the surface of Chinese material culture (Guthrie, 2012). For example, dissimilation in language and character, craze for Chinese brands in English names, going abroad craze and so on. This also explains that China is influenced by western capitalist culture when it comes to the development of material culture. Facing the highly developed western capitalist material culture, Chinese people are in an extremely passive state. This penetrates further into the deep layer of Chinese culture. Chinese people are lack of autonomy in the development process of national culture.
3. Opportunities for Chinese culture brought by globalization
3.1 Government’s powerful guiding function to the development of national culture
Among the course of reform and opening up, Chinese government introduced a series of measures for the preservation and development of national culture. Through cultural legislation, cultural protection systems and policies, cultural management and other means, China had effectively resisted globalization cultural risk to Chinese culture. It shows a powerful guiding function for the development of Chinese culture.
For instance, central and local governments at all levels actively exploit the advantages of unique culture to declare world heritages (Bergsten, 2008). From the terms of legislation, Chinese government has already set the Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Sweeping-Tomb Festival and other traditional festivals as national festivals. This indicates that Chinese government begins to attach importance to traditional Chinese culture.
3.2 Radiant national culture on the world stage
China's national culture has some backward cultural factors, but overall, China's national culture still has a lot of essence. And some people hold a kind of “western fawning" in mind. This exhibits a shortage of national self-confidence and national pride. China, an ancient civilized country with 5000 years of history, was long regarded as a mysterious nation by westerners. With the accelerating process of globalization, exchange and dissemination between Chinese culture and foreign cultures move on rapidly. For example, China has built up many Confucius Institutes in many countries in the world. A craze of learning Chinese is sweeping the world. More and more foreigners are attracted by the unique charisma of Chinese culture. This phenomenon demonstrates a Chinese saying, “the more ethnic, the more cosmopolitan” (Pieterse, 2009). Chinese classical Confucian culture of harmony is a great reference to solving the conflict in international relations at present. Chinese culture has shown a dazzling brilliance through international cultural exchange and interaction in the process of globalization on the world stage.
4. National culture protection strategies under the background of globalization Globalization is indeed a profound historic change of society. Exploring for the protection strategies of ethnic culture in the process of globalization has a considerable strategic significance for China's own development. In the context of globalization, through reasonable and effective means, protecting the nation's outstanding characteristics of cultural helps promote Chinese fine national cultural traditions, maintain a relatively stable social and cultural system, thus to contribute to the consolidation of the stability of the regime (Lu & Lu, 2001). It also contributes to respect and protect Chin a’s ethnic excellent cultures, thus to build a harmonious
culture.
4.1 Further deepen government’s guiding role in national culture protection
On the one hand, government should do good advocacy and mobilization. Advocating the social significance and importance of the protection of the excellent national culture through specialized agencies and a variety of convenient social media tools to the general public; mobilizing the public to protect the excellent national culture through a variety of strong public opinions. On the other hand, government should enhance its administrative management skill in protecting national culture (Jie, 2003). Government can form an expert group to develop more scientific national culture protecting policies.
4.2 Further strengthen legislation to protect national culture
In order to ensure the protection of national culture and related management policies have legal basis, China's legislature should accelerate the pace of legislation protecting national culture according to China’s current situation. Through related scientific and reasonable cultural legislation, China is able to make sure that each level of government could do its job normatively and scientifically in this protection (Huot, 2000). Only the normalization and scientificalness in national culture protection process are secured, will it be possible to win the protection more support and participation from the public, thus to achieve reasonable and effective protection for the excellent national culture.
4.3 Positively explore the joint points between foreign cultures and national culture
Protection of national culture does not mean denying the entire foreign culture invasion (Guthrie, 2012). If people want the national culture to grow and spread, sometimes it requires cultural workers to pay attention to seeking joint points between foreign cultures and native culture. Generally, there are much more advanced elements in foreign cultures. Cultural workers should extract the essence of foreign culture, take current situation of national culture as reference and then find out joint points between the two cultures. Under such circumstance, Chinese culture can be more vigorous and energetic.
4.4 Transform the protection of national culture into a turning point for economic development
Culture, as an industry, will bring very significant social and economic benefits through rational exploitation. In the process of protecting national culture, people can dig through the depth of inherent characteristics of national culture to develop a variety of cultural and ethnic characteristics-related tourism (Liu, 2004). People can do works about arts and crafts design, production and sales whose theme is associated with excellent national culture. By transforming the protection of national culture into a turning point for economic development, government let people, especially people who love and have a good knowledge of national culture, get considerable social and economic benefits, thus to attract more and more people to pay attention to the protection work of national culture.
5.Conclusion
Chinese people have a brilliant and 5000 year-long history, which brought the eastern world even the entire globe a wide and profound influence. In the international background of globalization, development of Chinese culture is facing severe challenges as well as opportunities. It is necessary for Chinese people to seize all opportunities the globalization has provided, with the brave spirit of openness, to absorb the essence of western culture and to emphasize the intrinsic spiritual values of national culture at the same time, thus to obtain new development opportunities during the integration with foreign cultures and to realize the modernization of Chinese culture.
References:
Bergsten, C. F. 2008. China's rise: Challenges and opportunities. Peterson Institute. pp. 2-65.
Compton, R. W. 2000. East Asian democratization: impact of globalization, culture, and economy. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 18-91.
Guthrie, D. 2012. China and globalization: the social, economic and political transformation of Chinese society. Routledge. pp. 1-124.
Huot, M. C. 2000. China's new cultural scene: A handbook of changes. Duke University Press. pp. 134-170
Jie, L. U. 2003. An Answer to Globalization: Enhancing Culture Self-consciousness Peking University Education Review, 1(6), pp. 43-46.
Lieber, R. J., & Weisberg, R. E. 2002. Globalization, culture, and identities in crisis. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 16(2), pp. 273-296.
Liu, K. 2004. Globalization and cultural trends in China. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 4-166.
Lu, H. P., & Lu, S. H. 2001. China, transnational visuality, global postmodernity. Stanford University Press. pp. 71-98.
Pieterse, J. N. 2009. Globalization and culture: Global mélange. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 73-245.
常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译 风水：Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历：solar calendar 阴历：lunar calendar 闰年：leap year 十二生肖：zodiac 春节：the Spring Festival 元宵节：the Lantern Festival 清明节：the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节：the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节：the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节：the Double-ninth Day 七夕节：the Double-seventh Day 春联：spring couplets 春运：the Spring Festival travel 把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运：turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year 庙会：temple fair 爆竹：firecracker 年画：(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱：New Year gift-money 舞龙：dragon dance 舞狮：lion dance 元宵：sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯：festival lantern 灯谜：lantern riddle 食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要，但甜食对于农历新年特别重要，因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year. 传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。Traditional holiday treats include nian gao (rice pudding), ba bao fan (eight treasure rice), jiao zi (crispy dumplings), candied fruits and seeds. 四合院：Siheyuan/ Quadrangle 亭/阁：pavilion/attic 刺绣：Embroidery 剪纸：Paper Cutting 书法：Calligraphy 针灸：Acupuncture 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 偏旁：radical 战国：Warring States 人才流动：Brain Drain/Flow 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals ——仅供参考
中国饮食文化英文介绍 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 篇一：中国饮食文化——英文版 China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China’s local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. 中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，
还有其他很多著名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。 Shandong Cuisine 山东菜系 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重
文化多样性的减少Reduction of cultural diversity 全球化会抹平社会间的多样性这种局部多样性的减少又意味着人们可供选择的菜单的减少。First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community,. This diversity of local people to reduce the mean reduction in choice of menu. 文化既是民族的，又是世界的各民族都有自己文化的个性和特征。各民族文化都是世界文化中不可缺少 Culture is national, but also the world's. All ethnic groups have their own culture and personality characteristics. The national culture is indispensable to world culture 全球化导致贫富差距的扩大Globalization has led to the widening gap between rich and poor 全球化无疑促进了世界经济的整体成长，但全球经济利益的分配却是不成比例的。一小撮国家及跨国公司垄断游戏规则并掌控着世界市场。 Globalization undoubtedly contributed to the overall growth of the world economy, the global distribution of economic interests is disproportionate. A handful of national and multinational monopolies rules of the game and control the world market. 目前，有关人士都宣扬经济全球化对发达国家“危害论”。然而，对世界经济和国际体系影响更大的却是全球化扩大了国家间的不平等。 At present, the persons concerned are to promote economic globalization on developed countries' damage theory. "However, the world economy and the greater impact of the international system is globalization has increased inequality between countries. 全球化导致发达国家对发展中国家的资源掠夺Globalization has led to plunder the resources developed to developing countries 全球化导致工业垃圾及环境破坏Globalization has led to industrial waste and environmental damage 资本家为了增加销量不断用广告及各式各样手法去刺激消费，不必要地为地球制造了大量的垃圾。此外，为求利润，跨国公司大量采用不安全的技术，造成大量工业废料及有毒垃圾。Capitalists in order to increase advertising and sales continue to use various techniques to stimulate consumption, unnecessarily large amount of garbage created the earth. In addition, for the sake of profit, multinational extensive use of unsafe technologies, resulting in a large number of industrial waste and toxic waste 全球化导致价值观的冲突Globalization has led to a conflict of values 全球化中的价值冲突，主要表现为不同民族和国家的价值观之间、特别是西方价值观与非西方价值观之间的冲突。 Globalization the values conflict, main performance for different nationalities and countries, especially between the values of western values and non-western values of the conflict between.
目录 摘要.............................................. 错误！未定义书签。关键词............................................. 错误！未定义书签。Abstract........................................... 错误！未定义书签。Key words.......................................... 错误！未定义书签。 一、引言 (1) 二、全球化与中国文化的内涵与特征 (1) （一）全球化的内涵与特征 (1) 1、全球化的内涵 (1) 2、全球化的特征 (2) (二) 中国文化的内涵与特点 (3) 1、中国传统文化的内涵 (3) 2、中国传统文化的特点 (4) 3、西方文化的特点 (4) 三、全球化对中国文化影响的二重性 (4) （一）全球化对中国文化的积极作用 (4) 1、全球化促进了中外文化的广泛交流 (4) 2、全球化促进了西方民主法制思想的传播 (5) 3、全球化促进了对传统文化的反思与改造 (5) （二）全球化对中国文化的消极作用 (6) 1、全球化促使了文化的大众化 (6) 2、全球化深刻影响青年的文化消费 (6) 四、在全球化进程中传承、弘扬、发展中国文化 (7) （一）寻找不同文化的相同之处 (7) （二）发扬中国传统文化 (8) （三）创新传统文化 (8) 五、结束语 (8) 参考文献 (10)
全球化对中国文化的影响 摘要：20世纪末，随着全球化进程的加快，中国建立与国际潮流密切相连的市场经济，全球化的进程将使中国与外部世界在经济、文化和社会生活各方面的联系变得更加紧密。全球化是人类历史发展的必然结果，它不仅要经历经济全球化、政治全球化，最终还要实现文化全球化。文化全球化作为一种客观事实和必然发展趋势，不仅给我国社会经济发展带来深刻变化，而且极大影响并冲击着人们的生活方式、思维模式、文化习俗及社会心理等。全球化对我国的文化有重要的影响，在全球化的背景下，我们要保持和发扬中华民族的优秀传统文化，大力发展中国特色的社会主义文化。作为当代中国的大学生要以理性的态度对待全球化，学习和发扬马克思主义，大力发扬和发展中国特色的社会主义文化。 关键词：全球化;中国文化;影响 Impact of globalization on Chinese culture Abstract: 20th century, with the acceleration of globalization, China is closely linked with the international trend to establish a market economy, globalization process will enable China and the outside world in the economic, cultural and social aspects of life become more closely linked. Globalization is the inevitable result of development of human history, it is not only experiencing an economic globalization, political globalization, cultural globalization will eventually be realized. Cultural globalization as an objective fact and the inevitable trend of development, not only brought profound changes to our social and economic development, but also greatly influence and impact on people's lifestyle, thought patterns, cultural practices and social psychology. Globalization has a significant impact on our culture, in the context of
Confucius named Qiu styled Zhongni, a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius instructed more than 3000 disciples and some were from poor families. Confucius gradually changed the tradition that only nobilities had the right to receive education. In his later years , Confucius compiled many literary works of ancient times, including The Book of Songs ,The Book of Documents, and The Books of Changes. His saying and behaviors were compiled in The Analects of Confucius by his disciples. His ideology has been absorbed and carried composing the essential part of Chinese traditional ideology. It was also spread into the border regions and areas building up a circle of Confucianism. UNESCO labeled him one of the “Ten Culture Celebrities”. 孔子 孔子名丘字仲尼，春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创史人。孔子一共教授了三千多个学生，其中不乏贫困家庭的孩子，改变了只有贵族子女才有资格上学的传统。孔子晚年还编订上古书籍，《诗经》《尚书》《周易》等。孔子的言行被他的弟子们收集在《论语》中，他的思想也被后人吸收和发扬光大，成为中国传统思想最主要的组成部分，并逐渐传播到周边国家，形成了影响范围很广的儒家文化圈。联合国教科文组织曾将孔子列入世界十大文化名人之一。 Beijing Opera Beijing Opera is the most popular and influential opera in China with a history of almost 200 years. In development Beijing Opera has formed a number of fictitious props. For instance a pedal means a boat. Without any physical props involved , an actor may perform going upstairs or downstairs opening or closing a door by mere gestures. Though exaggerated those actions would give audience an impression with graceful movements. There are four main roles sheng dan jing and chou. A sheng or dan has the eyebrows painted and eyes circled. A jing and chou have their facial makeup ,for example, a red face depicts the loyalty and bravery and a white face symbolizes treachery and guile. 京剧 京剧是中国流行的最广泛影响最大的一个剧种，拥有两百多年的历史。在长期的发展过程中，京剧形成了一套虚拟表演动作，如一条桨就可以代表一只船。不需要任何的道具，演员就能表现出上楼、下楼，开门、关门等动作，虽然经赤了夸张但这些动作能给观众既真实又优美的感觉。京剧演员分生、旦、净、丑四个行当，生和旦的化痕迹要描眉、吊眉、画眼圈，净丑面部需要化妆，比如，红脸表示忠诚勇猛，白脸表示奸险。
全球化利弊英 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】
P r o b l e m s: Firstly, globalization can intensify the influence of economic crisis. The instability of economy is a normal state. The economic dependence between nations will make the crisis quickly infect other countries. The crisis also becomes globalized. Secondly, I think that the conflict will increase. Globalization gives people more opportunities to communicate with others in other nations, but the huge diversity of religion, race and education still make it hard to get along in harmony. Thirdly, globalization will increase the possibility of culture hegemony and decrease the cultural diversity. Culture of nations interweaves together by frequent culture exchange. The culture of the nation is very easily influenced by other mainstream culture. Fourthly, economic globalization renders a more competitive situation for the enterprise and employed because it amplified the market which means the enterprise should make itself survive in all enterprises of the same kind and the employed should be competitive enough so that they can win themselves the opportunity of work. Benefits: Firstly, globalization can accelerate the spread of the advanced technology so to accelerate the development of the world. Secondly, developing countries can benefits a lot from the globalization. They can grasp the opportunities to develop their economy relying on the technological and financial aid. Thirdly, our life will become more convenient we can easily get the goods and product of others countries in the ordinary supermarket.
1.香囊(scented sachet)，古代也称“香袋”，通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子，里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅有用，而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异，有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它们通常配有精致的图案，每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品，而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。 翻译：Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness. 2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己，远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生，然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天，阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。 翻译：Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”，which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts. 3.象棋(Chinese chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏，源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长，共90个交叉点，构成方形网格(grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争，部署马匹、战车，根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前，中国象棋已传至全世界，进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。
全球化对世界文化的影响和冲突 一全球化与文化的关系:全球化与文化之间是一种相辅相成的关系。全球化处于现代文化的中心地位；文化实践处于全球化的中心地位。 二现实与想象的文化全球化 随着经济全球化的发展以及经济与文化的密切渗透，文化的民族性与世界性的关系越来越紧密，由此，文化全球化问题日益提上日程。 文化全球化是现实的。首先，消费主义对民族文化的冲击随着文化消费的全球化，文化在全球迅速普及。消费文化以其通俗性与普及性极大地渗透到世界各个角落.其次，信息时代的到来，网络、“地球村”表明了文化全球化的现实性。文化全球化又是想象的。从消费文化的层次上看，具有混合化特征，。从文化的接受者和消费者角度来看，文化的生产和传播环境总会受到影响与制约。所以，文化多元与文化多样是必然的。 但有一个前提同样重要，那就是文化多元与文化多样的前提——文化主体平等。只有在平等的基础上，才有真正的多元与多样。文化霸权意义上的文化全球化是文化主体之间不平等的文化交往，是国际军事、经济、技术不平等格局在文化上的反映。这种文化全球化也是我们必须予以抨击和坚决反对的。 三“全球文化”的构建，全球化对文化多元化的冲击 随着不同民族文化渐渐走向世界，民族文化交流与渗透日益广泛、深入，这也渐渐向人们提出这样一个问题——全球文化的构建。对此，也有不同观点。第一，一元为主的“全球文化”。第二，多元共存的“全球文化”。第三，文化的冲突与对话。文化之间冲突与融合，主要不是取决于文化自身以及各个民族的文化态度，而是取决于经济与政治的发展。经济与政治的发展既可能导致文化的冲突，也可能导致文化的融合。 二、全球化对传统价值观的冲击三、全球化对民族认同的冲击不同文化间的交流、融合过程在很大程度上要受到国际关系变化的影响。国家安全利益等因素因为具有国际性、跨国性背景，在与民族文化和民族认同交流时，既可能产生冲击，也可能会增加文化之间的交流与融合。 六、全球化背景下的文化共生必须像积极参与国际经济竞争一样置身于国际文化领域，坚持自身的文化立场，加强国际间的文化交流与合作，互相取长补短，促进一切阻碍社会前进的传统价值观念的更新，使优秀文化进一步发扬光大。不同文化的冲突与融合 一、文化冲突 不同的文化有各自不同的重要特征与内涵。第一，特指在文化传播过程中，不同集团、民族之间的文化对抗。所谓文化冲突就是指两种或两种以上的文化之间因相互接触而产生的竞争、对抗状态。第二，泛指则是指不同性质文化之间的矛盾与对抗。 二、文化融合 文化融合，指的是异质文化之间的彼此交流、相互接触、相互融合和推陈出新的过程。 文化冲突与文化融合在人类的进步与发展中既对立，又统一，是文化发展过程中两个辩证统一的矛盾方面。在文化融合过程中，文化冲突必然存在，而且文化冲突由文化融合直接引发。 三、文化演进和发展的主流才是文化的融合。由它所体现差异文化间的同一性在促成文化和谐以及相互依存中的不断发展的同时，也积聚大量能够使得异质文化
１、香囊(sｃentedｓachet）,古代也称“香袋”，通常就是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织得袋子，里面塞满香草（aｒomatic herｂs）。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫与避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们得形状与大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形与其她形状。它们通常配有精致得图案，每个图案都象征着特别得含义。例如，双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(pｅｏny flower)等图案象征女性；松树与仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮得香囊不仅就是装饰品，而且含有丰富得文化与历史内涵。 翻译：Scenteｄsaｃhets, alｓo called “fragrant bagｓ"in ancient tiｍes，are b ａgs usｕally sｅwｅｄwitｈcloth ｏr weａvｅd with mulｔiｃoｌor sｉlk threａd ｓand ｓtuffeｄwith aromaｔicｈerbｓ、The fragrant ｂａｇs ｗere orｉｇinally used ｆor abｓorbing sweat,reｐeｌling insｅcts ａnｄwardingｏfｆeｖiｌs、Sceｎtｅd sacheｔs are ｎotｏnly uｓｅful, bｕt also ｏrｎaｍentａｌ、Thｅy e in diｆfｅrent ｓhapeｓand siｚes, such as rouｎｄ,ｏvaｌａnd ｍanｙothｅr ｓ、Ａnd thｅy arｅｎoｒｍally decｏrａted with elａborate pａtteｒns, with ｅａch patteｒn symbolizing a sｐecｉal meaｎiｎg、Fｏr ｉnｓｔaｎce，ａｄouble－fｉｓh oｒｄoｕbｌe-butterflyｐaｔtern sｍyboliｚes thｅlove ｂetweｅｎa man an ｄａｗoｍaｎ；paｔterｎs ｌｉke lotus or peony floweｒs symbｏlｉzｅwomen;piｎe aｎd crane pａtternｓsymｂoｌｉze longｅvity and a guａｖa paｔternｉs tｈe symbol of loｔs oｆchiｌdren、A nｉｃe scｅnｔed sacheｔｉs not ｊust an ornament,bｕt morｅｏf sometｈinｇｔｈat cｏnｔainｓcuｌtural and his ｔoriｃal rｉchneｓs、 2、中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳（yin－yaｎg）生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会，就是对人类得人生感悟得哲学注解.中国人祖先得哲学论断就是“近瞧自己,远观她人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术得原始艺术，这一结论必不可少。人类得本能欲望就是生存并通过繁衍（pｒopagatiｏｎ)继续存在。人生来得首要本能就是求生，然后就是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳与永生得观念始终贯穿中国得社会生活与民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会得所有基本哲学理念. 翻译:Cｈinese ｆolｋarｔaｎdＣhinesｅphilosoｐhy aｒe ｕniｆｉed inｔhe ｂｅlief thatｙｉn—yaｎg produces aｌl lｉving things ｉn tｈe ｗorlｄ、OrｉginateｄiｎＣhinesｅprimitiveｓｏｃiety, tｈiｓwas thｅｐhilosophｉcal expｌaｎａtiｏn of humaｎ＇s pｅｒception of life、Cｈinｅse ancｅstorｓpｈilosｏphｉcaｌｃoｎcluｓiｏn ｗasｔｏ“ｌｏok atｏnｅself up cｌose aｎｄｏther creａtｕres from afａｒ"，whiｃh ｉs essentｉal to the uｎdeｒsｔａｎdingｏf the priｍｉｔi ｖe ａｒtｔｏthe folk art ｏｆｔｈe naｔiｏn、To lｉｖe and tｏｃonｔinｕe life through propagation ａｒe ｔｈeｔwo ｉｎstinctｉve ｄｅsires of huｍan、From birth,ａpｅrson'sｆirｓt iｎsｔinct is to sｕrvive, and tｈen to livｅａlｏng li ｆｅ、Ｆrom primｉtｉvｅｓociｅtyｔｏthe present day，ｔｈe ｖｉew of yiｎ-yanｇand perpetuａl lｉfe hａs peｒmeated ｉn all aspectｓoｆsociaｌlife and ｔhe natｉonａｌcｕlｔｕｒe of Chiｎesｅｓocｉeｔy、Ｃｈineｓe folk aｒt ｒe ｆｌects alｌof the basicｐhｉlosｏphicａｌｃoncｅpts、
论文化全球化对发展中国家文化的影响 进入二十一世纪，全球化已成为这个时代的主要特征之一。在这个过程中，经济全球化逐渐形成，出现了经济一体化。同时，随着信息技术、网络技术的发展，文化逐渐也呈现出全球化的趋势。文化全球化作为全球化的一个重要表现，自二十世纪九十年代以来，日益呈现出不可阻挡的发展趋势，它的形成对处于弱势的发展中国家的文化产生了深刻的影响。 一、文化的全球性互动 文化是一个内涵十分丰富的范畴。一般来说，广义的文化，是指人类在改造自然和改造社会的过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。狭义的文化，是指作为观念形态的，与经济、政治并列的，有关人类社会生活的思想理论、道德风尚、文学艺术、教育和科学等精神方面的内容[1]。由此可见，文化是全人类共同创造的结果，它属于全人类，但具体到每一个国家，文化又强烈地表现出每一个国家的特点。正是由于文化的普遍性与特殊性的相容，文化被全世界的任何一个国家、民族与个人享有，文化的兼容性使它在全世界各个国家进行着空前的互动，而这种互动则是伴随着政治、经济等人类的实践活动进行的。 1.文化是人类实践活动的产物，它的发展需要在实践中进行。关于人类的实践活动，马克思曾说过：哲学家们只是用不同的方式解释世界，而问题在于改变世界。[2]社会生活在本质上是实践的[3]。因此，实践是人类其他一切活动的基础。文化全球化时代，人类的实践随着信息化、网络化的拓展，突破了原有时空的限制，从而使文化实现全球化传播，但文化全球化的更深层涵义是：不同国家、不同民族在跨越国界的文化交流、文化交往等实践基础上，通过与其他国家和民族在文化价值观念、文化模式等方面的冲突、磨合与整合，建构新的文化关系、文化模式。从这个意义上说，文化全球化是一个国家或一个地区的文化在实践基础上建构的新的文化关系，文化模式。例如，马克思主义的中国化，可以说是马克思主义传入中国以后，在中国革命和建设实践中，逐渐融入中国政治、文化制度，并被中国共产党人在实践中建立起来的一种新的文化关系、文化模式[4]。因此，文化在人类的实践活动中形成，并在实践中实现它的新关系、新模式的构建。 2.文化全球化不是单一的文化运动，而是包含政治、经济、社会等诸多方面和因素在内的一组进程。文化全球化不仅仅是文化的运动，世界各国的政治、经济等都因此受到了影响。文化全球化不是一个人、一个地区或一个民族、一个国家的行动，而是全球各种资源与力量在文化交流和文化实践中不断相互累积和互动的结果。 但是这种文化的全球互动不会从根本上消除不同民族的文化差异，也不可能解决原有文化发展中的不平衡。在文化的全球互动中，各个国家和民族的文化都受到了前所未有的挑战，但是我们也应该看到各个国家或民族因此而面临的机遇，对发展中国家来讲更需要做好应对这些方面的措施，促使本国的文化实现飞跃，从而完成本国文化的延续、整合与全球共享。 二、发展中国家文化在文化全球化中受到的影响 当科学技术将世界缩小后，各民族文化网外围的碰撞交融开始逐渐让步于文化网核心间的碰撞交融。在核心部分最初的交往、接触过程中，文明间的差异便显现出来，对于一部分发展中国家来说，人们的第一个反应就是确保自己的文化本质及文化传统不被同化，因而表现出排他意识，有时这种排他意识很强，如伊斯兰教旨主义在冷战后的兴起等[5]。这是一些发展中国家在全球文化交流中的一种反应，但客观地讲，文化全球化是一把双刃剑，对整个人类文明的发展和进步起着积极的作用，但对不同意识形态的国家与民族来讲，文化全球化则可能成为强势国家推行其国家意志的一个手段。 （一）积极影响 1.文化全球化有助于发展中国家实现本国文化的多样化发展 在文化全球化中，信息技术革命和资本的全球性流动为文化广泛、迅速的传播提供了载体、工具和渠道，而这些载体、工具和渠道恰恰是新技术最新应用的表现，它们在起传播作
文化多样性的减少 一、全球化会抹平社会间的多样性，但会增加社会内部的多样性。因为人们可供选择的菜单增加了。想想哪个更重要。 二、多样性是一个悖论。全球化确实会使某些局部上的多样性减少。太多的知识会限制我们的创造力。某种程度的隔绝可以将自信和某种魔术感注入到艺术中。这种局部多样性的减少又意味着人们可供选择的菜单的减少。 三、这是一个“度”的问题。 First, globalization will smooth out the diversity among the community, but will increase the diversity within society. Because people increased choice of menu. Think about which is more important. Second, diversity is a paradox. Globalization does make some partial reduction of diversity. Too much knowledge will limit our creati vity. Some degree of isolation can inject a sense of confidence and a certain magic to the art. This diversity of local people to reduce the mean reduction in choice of menu. Third, this is a "degree" of the problem. 文化既是民族的，又是世界的 各民族都有自己文化的个性和特征。 各民族文化都是世界文化中不可缺少 Culture is national, but also the world's All ethnic groups have their own culture and personality characteristics. The national culture is indispensable to world culture 全球化导致贫富差距的扩大 全球化无疑促进了世界经济的整体成长，但全球经济利益的分配却是不成比例的。一小撮国家及跨国公司垄断游戏规则并掌控着世界市场。跨国公司是经济全球化的重要动力，全球100个最大经济体中，竟然有51个是跨国公司。（2000年数据）而绝大多数跨国公司来源于发达国家。可见，由国民财富体现的国家权力差距依然是巨大的。在经济总量上，没有几个国家有望挑战中等甚至较小的工业化国家。第三世界即使保持高速发展势头，可绝对差距如此之大，在可预见的将来也不大可能会消除。 Globalization undoubtedly contributed to the overall growth of the world economy, the global distribution of economic interests is disproportionate. A handful of national and multinational monopolies rules of the game and control the world market. Multinational corporations are an important driving force of economic globalization, the world's 100 largest economies, and yet there are 51 multinational companies. (2000 data) and the vast majority of multinational companies from developed countries. Seen by the state power embodied in national wealth gap is still huge. In economic output, few countries are expected to challenge the middle or even smaller industrialized countries. Even the third world to maintain the momentum of rapid development, the absolute gap can be so large that in the foreseeable future is unlikely to be eliminated. 目前，有关人士都宣扬经济全球化对发达国家“危害论”。然而，对世界经济和国际体系影