2015年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day late, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (静电) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles (肌肉) shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.
21. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
A. He got an older model than he had expected.
B. He couldn’t return it when it was broken.
C. He could have bought it at a lower price.
D. He failed to find any movie shows on it.
22. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?
A. ended all their programs.
B. provided fewer channels.
C. changed to commercials.
D. showed all-night movies.
23. How did the author finally get his TV set working again?
A. By shaking and hitting it.
B. By turning it on and off.
C. By switching channels.
D. By having it repaired.
24. How does the another sound when telling the story ?
A. Curious
B. Anxious
C. Cautious
D. Humorous
B
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious（难为情）when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
D on’t forget the clock—or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories（卡路里）per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes, And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes, Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When
we choose a large spoon over a smaller one ,total intake（摄入）jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
25. The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.
A. their home comforts
B. their body shape
C. house buying
D. healthy diets
26. A home environment in blue can help people_________.
A. digest food better
B. reduce food intake
C. burn more calories
D. regain their appetites
27. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A. Eat quickly.
B. Play fast music.
C. Use smaller spoons.
D. Turn down the lights.
28. What can be a suitable title for the test?
A. Is Your House Making You Fat?
B. Ways of Serving Dinner
C. Effects of Self-Consciousness
D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
C
More student than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年) before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The
gap-year phenomenon originated (起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.
This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).
That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.
But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship —young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said.
29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?
A. It is flexible in length.
B. It is a time for relaxation.
C. It is increasingly popular.
D. It is required by universities.
30. According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______.
A. are better prepared for college studies
B. know a lot more about their future jobs
C. are more likely to leave university in debt
D. have a better chance to enter top universities
31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?
A. He’s puzzled.
B. He’s worried.
C. He’s surprised.
D. He’s annoyed.
32. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A. Attend additional courses.
B. Make plans for the new term.
C. Earn money for their education.
D. Prepare for their graduate studies.
D
Choose Your One-Day Tours
Tour A —Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge —￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.
Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world’s most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.
Tour B —Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St
Mary’s Church Tower and Anne Hathaway’s house￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter.
Oxford: Includes a guided of England’s oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires (尖顶)” form St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.
Tour C —Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace —￡34 until March and ￡37 thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Mill’s favorite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle (entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze (迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!
Tour D —Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great — ￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.
33. Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?
A. Tour A
B. Tour B
C. Tour C
D. Tour D
34. Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?
A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.
B. Oxford & Stratford.
C. Bath &Stonehenge.
D. Cambridge.
35. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?
A. It used to be the home of royal families.
B. It used to be a well-known maze.
C. It is the oldest palace in Britain.
D. It is a world-famous castle.
第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. ___36___, buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. ___37___. As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. ___38___, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. ___39___. After two weeks, start timing yourself. ___40___. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good,you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Where do you go when you want to learn something? A friend? A tutor? These are all ___41___ aces of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really ___42___ want somewhere else instead. I had the ___43___ of seeing this first hand on a ___44___.
Why daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did very well this season and so ___45___ a tournament, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some ___46___ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams ___47___ trained. Through the first two games, her ___48___did not get on serious shot on goal. As apparent, I ___49___seeing my daughter playing her best, ___50___ still defeated.
IT seemed that something clicked with the ___51___ between Saturday and Sunday. When they ___52__for their Sunday game, they were ___53___ different. They had begun integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had ___54___ the day before into their ___55___. They played aggressively and ___56___ scored a goal.
It ___57___ me that playing against the other team was a great ___58___ moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. ___59___ is the best teacher. The lessons they may not be ___60___ what they would have gotten in school. But are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on their own.
41. A. public B. traditional C. official D. special
42. A. passes B. works C. lies D. ends
43. A. dream B. idea C. habit D. chance
44. A. trip B. holiday C. weekend D. square
45. A. won B. entered C. organized D. watched
46. A. painful B. strange C. common D. practical
47. A. less B. poorly C. newly D. better
48. A. fans B. tutors C. class D. team
49. A. imagined B. hated C. avoided D. missed
50. A. if B. or C. but D. as
51. A. girls B. parents C. coaches D. viewers
52. A. dressed B. showed up C. made up D. planned
53. A. slightly B. hardly C. basically D. completely
54. A. seen B. known C. heard D. read
55. A. styles B. training C. game D. rules
56. A. even B. still C. seldom D. again
57. A. confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned
58. A. touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning
59. A. Experience B. Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest
60. A. harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied to.
第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The adobe dwellings (土坯房）__61__ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __62__ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __63__ (able) to “air condition”a house without __64__ (use) electric equipment.
Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __65__ (slow) during cool nights, thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __66 __ (cool) the house during the hot day: __67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle __68 __ (go) day after day: The walls warm up. During the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset（抵消）for the outside temperatures. As __69__ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __70__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作
文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假如你是李华，计划和同学去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人们过重阳节（the Double Ninth Festival）。请给外教露西写封邮件，邀她一同前往，内容包括：
1. 出发及返回时间；
2. 活动：包饺子、表演节目等。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.结语已为你写好。
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
2015年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ）
参考答案
第二部分阅读理解
第一节
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. B. 26. B. 27. C. 28. A
29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
第二节
36. C 37. E 38. A 39. D 40. G
第三部分英语知识运用
第一节
41.B 42.C 43.D 44.C 45.B 46.A 47.D 48.D 49.B 50.C 51.A 52.B 53.D 54.A 55.C 56.A 57.B 58.D 59.A 60.C
第二节
61. built 62. the 63. ability 64. using 65. slowly
66. to cool 67. at 68. goes 69. natural 70. how
第四部分写作
第一节
71. parent改为parents 72. on改为in 73. very去掉74. looks改为looking 75. where改为that 76. begun改为began 77. telling改为told
78. a改为the 79. saw后加his 80. terrible改为terribly
第二节
Dear Lucy,
I’d like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. It is the day for the elderly in our culture.
We’ll go and make dumplings and cakes with the elderly people there. We’ll also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy. We should be back around 4 o’clock in the afternoon. If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the gate at 9 in the morning.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours
Li Hua
NANO MATERIAL NANO MATERIAL NANO MATERIAL 纳米材料 应用现状及发展趋势 北京有色金属研究总院李明怡 摘要纳米材料是近期发展起来的多功能材料,本文概述了纳米材料的结构特性、主要制备工艺及应用现状和发展趋势,由于纳米材料具有许多特殊功能和效应,将在工业和国防等领域中发挥巨大潜力,并将为人类社会带来巨大影响。 关键词纳米结构功能材料制备工艺应用现状发展趋势 1前言 纳米材料是指由极细晶粒组成,特征维度尺寸在1~100纳米范围内的一类固体材料,包括晶态、非晶态和准晶态的金属、陶瓷和复合材料等,是80年代中期发展起来的一种新型多功能材料。由于极细的晶粒和大量处于晶界和晶粒内缺陷中心的原子,纳米材料在物化性能上表现出与微米多晶材料巨大的差异,具有奇特的力学、电学、磁学、光学、热学及化学等诸方面的性能,目前已受到世界各国科学家的高度重视。以纳米材料及其应用技术为重要组成部分的纳米科学技术,被认为对当代科学技术的发展有着举足轻重的作用。美国IB M公司首席科学家Ar mstrong认为:/正像70年代微电子技术产生了信息革命一样,纳米科学技术将成为下一代信息的核心。0我国科学家钱学森也指出:/纳米左右和纳米以下的结构将是下一阶段科学技术发展的重点,会是一次技术革命,从而将引起21世纪又一次产业革命。0由于纳米科学技术具有极其重要的战略意义,美、英、日、德等国都非常重视这一技术的研究工作。美国国家基金会把纳米材料列为优先支持项目,拨巨款进行专题研究。英国从1989年起开始实施/纳米技术研究计划0。日本把纳米技术列为六大尖端技术探索项目之一,并提供1187亿美元的专款发展纳米技术。我国组织实施的新材料高技术产业化专项中也将纳米材料列为其中之一。纳米材料正在向国民经济和高技术各个领域渗透,并将为人类社会进步带来巨大影响。 2纳米材料的结构和特性 我们所使用的常规材料在三维方向上都有足够大的尺寸,具有宏观性。纳米材料则是一些低维材料,即在一维、二维甚至三维方向上尺寸极小,为纳米级(无宏观性),故纳米材料的尺寸至少在一个方向上是几个纳米长(典型为1~10nm)。如果在三维方向上都是几个纳米长,为3D纳米微晶,如在二维方向上是纳米级的,为2D纳米材料,如丝状材料和纳米碳管;层状材料或薄膜等为1D纳米材料。纳米颗粒可以是单晶,也可以是多晶,可以是晶体结构,也可以是准晶或无定形相(玻璃态);可以是金属,也可以是陶瓷、氧化物或复合材料等。纳米微晶的突出特征是晶界原子的比例很大,有时与晶内的原子数相等。这表明纳米微晶内界面很多,平均晶粒直径越小,晶界 20
绝密★启用前2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A．￡ 19.15. B．￡9.18. C．￡9.15. 答案是C。 1．What will the woman do this afternoon?
A．Do some exercise. B．Go shopping. C． Wash her clothes. 2．Why does the woman call the man? A ．To cancel a flight. B． To make an apology. C． To put off a meeting. 3．How much more does David need for the car? A．$ 5,000. B．$20,000. C．$25,000. 4．What is Jane doing? A．Planning a tour. B．Calling her father. C．Asking for leave. 5 ．How does the man feel? A．Tied. B．Dizzy. C．Thirsty. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does Jack want to do? A. Watch TV. B. Play outside. C. Go to the zoo. 7. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. At home. B. In a cinema. C. In a supermarket. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does Richard do?
2015年上海高考英语试卷（听力略） II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. (A) Gift from a stranger My local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit. Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____(empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）. Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.‖ You are just so much (30) _____ her.‖ You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.‖ She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. ―I think she would like you to have it.‖ (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away. After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness. (B) Ask helpful Hannah Dear helpful Hannah, I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he know he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36) is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop (37) (ignore) me, he say, ―In a minute.‖ but still checks to see if (38) has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) (interrupted). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem. I recently read an article about ―nomophobia,‖ (40) is a real illness people can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time. Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble! Sick and Tired Sadie Section B
2014年高考英语试题及答案全国卷2
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试新课标II卷 英语 本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。 注意事项： 1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑． A Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them
２01５年高考全国卷2英语试题及答案 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分3０分)略 第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分４0分) A My coｌor teleｖiｓion has given me ｎotｈing but ａheadａche. I was able to buｙiｔa ｌiｔtlｅｏver a year ago becauseＩhaｄmy rｅlatives gｉｖe me money for mｙbｉｒthday ｉnstead of cｌｏthes ｔhat ｗｏuｌdｎ’t ｆｉt. Ｉlet a salｅｓclerk fｏol mｅiｎｔo buyinｇa dｉｓcontinueｄmodel．I realiｚed ｔhis a day latｅｒ,whenＩsaw newspapｅｒａdvert ｉsements for the set ａt seventｙ-ｆive dollａrs lｅss than I had paid.Thｅｓet woｒkeｄsｏｂeautｉｆulｗｈen Ｉfｉrst got it ｈｏmｅｔhat I ｗould keepｉt on untｉl statｉoｎs signed ｏff fｏr the niｇht. Fortunatelｙ，I didn’ｔgｅt any chaｎneｌs shｏｗinｇall-night mo ｖies or Ｉwould ｎever ｈave gotｔen tｏbeｄ. ＴheｎＩstarｔeｄｄeveloｐｉng a ｐroblｅｍｗｉth ｔhe set that invoｌｖｅｄstａｔic(静电) noisｅ.For some reason，whｅn cｅrtａinｓhowｓswｉtｃheｄiｎto ａcｏmmercial，a loud ｎoiｓe would sｏuｎｄfor a ｆew seｃonｄｓ. Gｒadualｌｙ, thisｎｏise ｂegan ｔo aｐpear durinｇaｓhow, ａｎｄto get riｄof it，I hａd to ｃhange to anｏtｈｅr chaｎnel and thｅn cｈangｅｉt ｂaｃk. Sｏｍetimeｓｔhｉs ｔeｃhnｉｑue would not work，and Ｉhad to piｃk ｕpｔｈe ｓeｔaｎｄsｈake it ｔo remｏｖe tｈe sｏｕnd. Ｉactuａlly bｅgan to build up my arm ｍusｃles(肌肉）sｈakｉng mｙｓet. Ｗhen ｎeｉｔher of these methods rｅmoｖeｄthe sｔaｔic noise, Ｉｗoulｄsit helpｌesｓly and waｉｔfｏｒthe noｉse ｔo gｏawａy．At ｌast I endｅｄup hittiｎg the ｓet w ｉｔh myｆiｒst, aｎd it stoppeｄwｏrkｉｎg altoｇetheｒ.My ｔrｉp to thｅreｐair shoｐcost me $6２，ａnd tｈｅｓｉt is ｗorkinｇwell noｗ,bｕｔI ｋeep expｅctｉｎg mｏｒe trouble. 21. Wｈy dｉｄｔhe author ｓay he was fooled ｉｎto bｕying the TV set? A.Ｈｅgｏt an oｌdｅr mｏdel ｔhａn he ｈaｄeｘpeｃted. B.Ｈｅcｏｕldn’t rｅturn it wｈen iｔwａs brｏken. C.Ｈe couｌd ｈave bouｇht ｉｔatａlower pｒice. D.Hｅｆailｅd to fiｎd aｎｙmovie sｈｏｗs on it.
纳米金属材料的发展与应用 摘要：纳米技术的诞生将对人类社会产生深远的影响，可能许多问题的发展都与纳米材料的发展息息相关。在纳米金属材料的研究中，它的制备、特性、性能和应用是比较重要的方面。本文概要的论述了纳米材料的发现发展过程，并结合当今纳米金属材料研究领域最前沿的技术和成果，简述了纳米材料在各方面的应用及其未来的发展前景。 关键词：纳米金属材料、纳米技术、应用 一、前言 纳米级结构材料简称为纳米材料(nanomater material)，是指其结构单元的尺寸介于1纳米～100纳米范围之间。由于它的尺寸已经接近电子的相干长度，它的性质因为强相干所带来的自组织使得性质发生很大变化。并且，其尺度已接近光的波长，加上其具有大表面的特殊效应，因此其所表现的特性，例如熔点、磁性、光学、导热、导电特性等等，往往不同于该物质在整体状态时所表现的性质。 纳米粒子异于大块物质的理由是在其表面积相对增大，也就是超微粒子的表面布满了阶梯状结构，此结构代表具有高表能的不安定原子。这类原子极易与外来原子吸附键结，同时因粒径缩小而提供了大表面的活性原子。 纳米技术在世界各国尚处于萌芽阶段，美、日、德等少数国家，虽然已经初具基础，但是尚在研究之中，新理论和技术的出现仍然方兴未艾。我国已努力赶上先进国家水平，研究队伍也在日渐壮大。 二、纳米材料的发现和发展 1861年，随着胶体化学的建立，科学家们开始了对直径为1~100nm的粒子体系的研究工作。1990年7月在美国召开了第一届国际纳米科技技术会议（International Conference on Nanoscience &Technology)，正式宣布纳米材料科学为材料科学的一个新分支。自20世纪70年代纳米颗粒材料问世以来，从研究内涵和特点大致可划分为三个阶段： 第一阶段（1990年以前）：主要是在实验室探索用各种方法制备各种材料的纳米颗粒粉体或合成块体，研究评估表征的方法，探索纳米材料不同于普通材料的特殊性能；研究对象一般局限在单一材料和单相材料，国际上通常把这种材料称为纳米晶或纳米相材料。 第二阶段（1990~1994年）：人们关注的热点是如何利用纳米材料已发掘的物理和化学特性，设计纳米复合材料，复合材料的合成和物性探索一度成为纳米材料研究的主导方向。 第三阶段（1994年至今）：纳米组装体系、人工组装合成的纳米结构材料体系正在成为纳米材料研究的新热点。国际上把这类材料称为纳米组装材料体系或者纳米尺度的图案材料。它的基本内涵是以纳米颗粒以及它们组成的纳米丝、管为基本单元在一维、二维和三维空间组装排列成具有纳米结构的体系。 三、纳米材料的应用 1、纳米磁性材料 在实际中应用的纳米材料大多数都是人工制造的。纳米磁性材料具有十分特别的磁学性质，纳米粒子尺寸小，具有单磁畴结构和矫顽力很高的特性，用它制成的磁记录材料不仅音质、图像和信噪比好，而且记录密度比γ-Fe2O3高几十
2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国新课标卷1） 英语答案解析 第Ⅰ卷 第一部分听力 第一节 1.【答案】C 2.【答案】B 3.【答案】A 4.【答案】C 5.【答案】A 第二节 6.【答案】C 7.【答案】B 8.【答案】A 9.【答案】A 10.【答案】C 11.【答案】B 12.【答案】B 13.【答案】C 14.【答案】A 15.【答案】B 16.【答案】B 17.【答案】A 18.【答案】C 19.【答案】A 20.【答案】B 第二部分阅读理解 第一节 21.【答案】A 【解析】根据第二段首句可知她是一位社会工作者，而且获得过诺贝尔和平奖，故选A。
22.【答案】C 【解析】根据第四段中she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman可知，她因为是女性而被法律公司拒绝录用，故选C。 23.【答案】D 【解析】根据末段倒数第二句中and kicked off the civil-rights movement可知，Rosa Parks对民权运动做出了贡献，故选D。 24.【答案】C 【解析】根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各自的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱。故选C。 25.【答案】A 【解析】根据首段末句可知，Mildred Garza老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切，一家人认为这是一个成功的故事，故选A。 26.【答案】D 【解析】根据第二段末句Two thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family可知，很多人会受Marian Robinson的影响，所以这回形成一种潮流。故选D。 27.【答案】C 【解析】根据第三段首句可知，在60年代人们都希望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立。故选C。 28.【答案】A 【解析】根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选A。 29.【答案】B 【解析】根据本段内容I've done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box以及第二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。故选B。 30.【答案】D 【解析】根据第一段第二句I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度，故选D 31.【答案】B 【解析】根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班，故选B。 32.【答案】C 【解析】根据文章首段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。 33.【答案】A
2015年高考全国1卷英语试题及答案 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。 A Monthly T alks at London Canal Museum Our monthly talks start at 19:30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21:00. November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”. December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering, Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how London’s ice trade grew. February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals, by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play. March 6th Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands,by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest. Online bookings:https://www.doczj.com/doc/e33862277.html,/book More info:https://www.doczj.com/doc/e33862277.html,/whatson London Canal Museum 12-13 New Wharf Road, London NI 9RT https://www.doczj.com/doc/e33862277.html, www.canalmuseum.mobi
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江） 英语试题 选择题部分（共80分） 第一部分：英语知识应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：单项填空（共20小题，每小题0.5分，满分10分） 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 1. ---I am going to Spain fort a holiday soon. --- ______. A. It’s my pleasure B. Never mind C. Leave it alone D. Good for you 2. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into ______ night. A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；the 3.An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A. each B. it C. this D. one 4.Joe is proud and ______, never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. A. strict B. sympathetic C. stubborn D. sensitive 5.I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why 6.We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like. A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises https://www.doczj.com/doc/e33862277.html,st week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to _______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later. A. share B. realize C. ignore D. cause 8.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether 9.No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _____ when the unexpected will happen. A. prove B. imply C. demand D. predict 10.While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything ______ . A. in return B. in common C. in turn D. in place 11.Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _____ most of the guests
纳米材料及其应用前景 摘要:21世纪，纳米技术、纳米材料在科技领域将扮演重要角色。纳米技术是当今世界最有前途的决定性技术之一。本文简要地概述了纳米材料的基本特性以及其在力学、磁学、电学、热学等方面的主要应用，并简单展望了纳米材料的应用前景。 关键词：纳米材料；功能；应用； 一、纳米材料的基本特性 所谓纳米材料是指材料基本构成单元的尺寸在纳米范围即1~100纳米或者由他们形成的材料。由于纳米材料是由相当于分子尺寸甚至是原子尺寸的微小单元组成，也正因为这样，纳米材料具有了一些区别于相同化学元素形成的其他物质材料特殊的物理或是化学特性例如：其力学特性、电学特性、磁学特性、热学特性等，这些特性在当前飞速发展的各个科技领域内得到了应用。科学家们和工程技术人员利用纳米材料的特殊性质解决了很多技术难题，可以说纳米材料特性促进了科技进步和发展。 1、力学性质 高韧、高硬、高强是结构材料开发应用的经典主题。具有纳米结构的材料强度与粒径成反比。纳米材料的位错密度很低，位错滑移和增 殖符合Frank-Reed模型，其临界位错圈的直径比纳米晶粒粒径还要大，增殖后位错塞积的平均间距一般比晶粒大，所以纳米材料中位错滑移和 增殖不会发生，这就是纳米晶强化效应。金属陶瓷作为刀具材料已有50 多年历史，由于金属陶瓷的混合烧结和晶粒粗大的原因其力学强度一直 难以有大的提高。应用纳米技术制成超细或纳米晶粒材料时，其韧性、 强度、硬度大幅提高，使其在难以加工材料刀具等领域占据了主导地位。 使用纳米技术制成的陶瓷、纤维广泛地应用于航空、航天、航海、石油 钻探等恶劣环境下使用。 2、热学性质 纳米材料的比热和热膨胀系数都大于同类粗晶材料和非晶体材料的值，这是由于界面原子排列较为混乱、原子密度低、界面原子耦合作用 变弱的结果。因此在储热材料、纳米复合材料的机械耦合性能应用方面 有其广泛的应用前景。例如Cr-Cr2O3颗粒膜对太阳光有强烈的吸收作 用，从而有效地将太阳光能转换为热能。 3、电学性质 由于晶界面上原子体积分数增大，纳米材料的电阻高于同类粗晶材料，甚至发生尺寸诱导金属——绝缘体转变（SIMIT）。利用纳米粒子的 隧道量子效应和库仑堵塞效应制成的纳米电子器件具有超高速、超容量、超微型低能耗的特点，有可能在不久的将来全面取代目前的常规半导体 器件。2001年用碳纳米管制成的纳米晶体管，表现出很好的晶体三极管 放大特性。并根据低温下碳纳米管的三极管放大特性，成功研制出了室 温下的单电子晶体管。随着单电子晶体管研究的深入进展，已经成功研 制出由碳纳米管组成的逻辑电路。
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷1） 英语 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例: How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡ 9.18. C. ￡ 9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30 4. How does the woman go to work? A. By car B. On foot C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 第二节(共15小题; 每小题1.5分。满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟，听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题 6. What does the woman regret? A. Giving up her research. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major. 7. What is the woman interested in studying now? A. Ecology. B. Education. C. Chemistry 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. What is the mam? A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver. 9. What is the man doing for the woman? A. Looking for some local foods. B. Showing her around the seaside. C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In an office. B. At home. C. At a restaurant. 11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening? A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours.
2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷） 英语 I、语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die. Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years! When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physi cal and mental ___7___ until after age 75. People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care. On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age. As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted. 1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered 2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely 3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately 4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately 5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier 6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing 7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure 8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value 9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases 10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet 11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases 12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices 13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement 14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission 15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned ___16___ farm, which looked almost abandoned. ___17___ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearly ___18___ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ___19___ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass ___20___ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she ___21___ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to make a living ___22___ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees ___23___ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ___24___ people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to ___25___ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.