句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）-ing形式作adj.，故为现在分词，而非动名词
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）-ing形式作n.，故为动名词，而非现在分词
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）-ing形式作n.，故为动名
词，而非现在分词
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
双宾语（直接宾语+to+间接宾语），例如：Lend your dictionary to me, please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make/have等+宾语+宾补）。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）-ing形式强调动作，故为现在分词，而非动名词
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）-ing形式作adj.且与country有主谓关系
There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）-ing形式作n.，故为动名词，而非现在分词
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
句子种类
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old. / She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? / How old is he? / Is he six or seven years old? / Mary can swim, can′t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys. / Don′t talk in class.
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e. g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e. g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e. g. He is a student.
2、主语+不及物动词：e. g. We work.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e. g. My father bought me
a car.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
主语---动词----表语：在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。
1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词作表语)
2. Gradualy he became silent. (形容词作表语)
3. She remained standing for a hour. (现在分词作表语)
4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词作表语)
5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语作表语)
6. The television was on. (副词作表语)
7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式作表语)
8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词作表语)
9. The question is what you want to do. (从句作表语，即：表语从句)
【注意】在下面的句子中，形容词作表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。I’m happy to meet you. / They are willing to help. / We are determined to follow his example.
●主语——动词：在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。
在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
1. The sun is rising.
2. I’ll try.
3. Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)
4. The engine broke down.
【注意】在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。 1. The book sells well. /2. The window won′t shut.
3. The pen writes smoothly. /
4. Cheese cuts easily.
●主语———动词———宾语：在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为
宾语。
1. Do you know these people (them)？(名词或代词作宾语)
2. I can′t express myself in English. (反身代词作宾语)
3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)
4. We can′t afford to pay such a price. (不定式作宾语)
5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词作宾语)
6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (从句作宾语，即：宾语从句) 【注意】并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。
●主语———动词———宾语———宾语：在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾
语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习中遇到时，要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中，间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为由to引导的短语。
1. He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me.
2. She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为由for引导的短语。
3. She sang us a folk song. She sang a folk for us.
4. She cooked us a delicious meal. She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
5. Tell him I′m out.
6. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？
●主语——动词——宾语——宾语补足语：在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟
复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
1. He found his new job boring. (形容词作宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词作宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语作宾补)
4. We went to here house but found her out. (副词作宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式作宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式作宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式作宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式作宾补)
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词作宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)
【注意】在这个结构中，可以出现用it作形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her. （分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us. （分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
3. there be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有…”
①谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.
②有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：
There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).
④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:
There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。There used to be a cinema here. There seems to be something the matter with her. Is there going to be any activity tonight？
⑥there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变反意疑问句也要借助there。
Is there any hope of getting the job？There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？
⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：
Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island. There came a knock at the door. At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：You wouldn’t want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构) The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构) There being nothing else to do，we went home. (独立主格结构)
（三）并列句的分类
并列句基本概念：并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, no t only…but also…, neither…nor…, then 等连接。e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e. g. He was
a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。
e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
（四）主从复合句：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。分类：从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语、定语从句和状语从句等。（详见各种从句分解）
（五）其他要点
1、陈述句的否定
（1）在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I don't think he is right.
（2）含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句，如: I have never been there before.
2、反意疑问句
（1）need和dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?
（2）陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom, few, hardly, little 等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如：He seldom comes, does he?
（3）陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?
陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用it，有时也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?
（4）陈述部分包括used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?（5）陈述部分是"there + be"结构时，反问部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?
（6）陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?
但，如果是I think , I believe等+宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致，反问句中肯定或否定的选择取决于整体，如，I don't think he is right, is he?
I don't believe he does that, does he?
（7）祈使句中的反义疑问句
?基本原则
若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you等：Mail the letter today, will you? 今天就把信发掉，好吗?
Try to be back by two, won’t you? 设法两点之前回来，好吗?
If you want help, let me know, would you? 如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗? 【注】若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用will you：
Don’t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。
有时根据语境的需要，反意疑问句也可以用can you, ca n’t you 等：
Give me some cigarettes, can you? 给我些香烟，可以吗?
Walk faster, can’t you? 走快点，不行吗?
一般说来，用will you, won’t you, would you 等构成的反意疑问句语气较委婉。比较：
Be quiet, will you? 请安静，好吗? Be quiet, can’t you? 你不能安静点吗?
?当祈使句为Let’s…时反意疑问句总是用shall we：
Let’s phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗?
Let’s go to the cinema tonight, shall we? 今晚咱们去看电影，好吗？
当祈使句为Let us…时，若表示请求，反意疑问句用will you；若表示建议，反意疑问句用shall we：Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗?
Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?
【注】let’s…只表示建议，所以其后反意疑问句总是用shall we。而let us…既可表示建议请求，也可表示建议(较正式)，其后的反意疑问句要根据这两种不同情况分别使用will you和shall we。
?当祈使句带有主语时，有时祈使句带有自己的主语，此时不要将其误认为是陈述句：
Jim, you go there to help him, will you? 吉姆，你去那儿帮他，好吗？
You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你们女孩子站在前排，好吗？【注】不要将这类祈使句误认为是陈述句，而误用don’t you这样的反意疑问句。
例题：
例1，Don't forget to post the letter, _______ ?
A. will you
B. do you
C. won't you
D. shall you
解析：该题答案为A，在否定句、祈使句后只用"will you"?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (won't, can, can't, could) you?
例2，Let's go out for a walk, _______ ?
A. will you
B. won't you
C. shall we
D. do we
解析：该题答案为C，let's…后加上shall we来表语气婉转、客气，而在let
us后加上will you。
例3，He hardly writes to you, _______ ?
A. doesn't he
B. does he
C. do they
D. has he
解析：该题答案为B，hardly否定副词，反问部分要用肯定形式。
3、感叹句
??What a/an/无+形容词+名词（+主语+表语）！
??How +形容词+a/an/the/无+名词+主语+表语！
??How+副词+主语+谓语！
What a beautiful park it is！
How beautiful a park it is！
How beautiful the park is！
How we worked！
4、祈使句（一般无主语）
Take care!
Don't stand there.
Please open the door for the old lady.
练习题
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
三、选择题
（A）
5. The truth, Sir, is that the old man ______ across the street when my car hit him.
A. was to walk
B. had been walking
C. walked
D. was walking
7. The rescue team ______to help but failed to get there in time.
A. had wanted
B. have planned
C. were expecting
D. hoped
10. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered ______ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all. A. to have founded B. having founded C. founding D. to found
12. You’d better choose someone______ you think ______ kind and friendly to help you.
A. whom; to be
B. who; is
C. whom; is
D. which; to be
14. The door opened and in ______. A. did he come B. came he C. he came D. did a man come
（B）
3. ______ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment.
A. Since
B. With
C. As
D. For
4. --- Would you please give him the paper the moment he ______? --- No problem.
A. arrives
B. will arrive
C. arrived
D. is arriving
5. --- Where will you start your work after graduation?
--- Mmm, it’s not been decided yet. I ______ continue my study for a higher degree.
A. need
B. must
C. would
D. might
6. The number of the cattle here, ______ is mentioned above, has been limited to 200.
A. it
B. as
C. that
D. which
7. “No, no”, he whispered, ______ talking to himself.
A. while
B. even if
C. as if
D. when
9. I admired my classmate Lisa very much. ______ her prettiness, she was smart and helpful.
A. Except for
B. But for
C. Apart from
D. In spite
of
10. Li Ming won the first prize in the English contest and I’m glad that his efforts at last _____.
A. paid off
B. worked out
C. turned out
D. got back
11. ---Haven’t I told you that I like the beef well done?---Yes, but I__it longer than I usually do.
A. was cooking
B. will cook
C. cooked
D. had cooked
12. I f she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking until she ______.
A. does
B. has done
C. will do
D. would
14. Young people nowadays are different ______ we used to be.
A. from what
B. in which
C. in how
D. in what
15. I don’t like to travel to big cities, because to me, one city is much like ______.
A. either
B. the other
C. others
D. another (A) 1—5 CDBBD 6—10 CADAA 11—15 DBACB (B) 1—5 DCBAD 6—10 BCDCA 11—15 CABAD
1. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ____? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
2. ____ help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better.
A. Giving
B. Give
C. Given
D. To give
3. --- Lucy, you wash the dishes, ____ ? --- Morn, can’t Lily do it? It’s her turn to do it.
A. don’t you
B. can you
C. shall you
D. will you
4. --- I will not take an umbrella with me today. --- ____ it rains later on in the day?
A. How
B. What
C. How about
D. What if
11. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from ____ she used to be.
A. that
B. whom
C. what
D. who
12. ____ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
15. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when
B. how
C. whether
D. what
17. ____ air is to man, so is water to fish.
A. Since
B. Just
C. Like
D. As
18. There is plenty of rain in the south ____ there is little in the north.
A. while
B. as
C. when
D. so
19. ____ several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer.
A. Being asked
B. Having been asked
C. He would ask
D. He had been asked
20. —I don’t like chicken ____ fish. —I don’t like chicken, ____ I like fish very much.
A. and; and
B. and; but
C. or; but
D. or; and
21. ____ the days went on, the situation there got worse.
A. With
B. Since
C. While
D. As
22. ____ everybody is here, let’s set out right away.
A. Now that
B. Because
C. For
D. After
24. We must do the experiment carefully ____ Miss Liu told us.
A. what
B. since
C. as
D. while
26. ____ I know, they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. Since
B. So far as
C. In case
D. As if
27. Who do you think the doctor will have ____ first, John or Kate?
A. examine
B. to examine
C. examining
D. examined
28. --- What are you anxious about? --- _________.
A. Whether we can succeed
B. If we succeed
C. Do we succeed
D. That we can succeed
29. You should put the dictionary ____ you can find it easily.
A. where
B. the place
C. the place on which
D. what
30. She said to me, “I’ll tell you the result of the test ____ I know it.”
A. because
B. the moment
C. after
D. though
32. Li Fang is very busy, ____ she’s always helping others with their lessons.
A. but
B. although
C. so
D. for
34. Everything depends on ____ they will support you about it.
A. if
B. which
C. whether
D. that
35. She won the first prize in the speech contest and ____ surprised us.
A. which
B. it
C. as
D. who
36. The Oscar is one of the film prizes ____ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.
A. which is not
B. that have not been
C. that has not
D. that has not been
37. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. which I think it
D. I think is
38. It’s really very dangerous. One more step, ____ the baby will fall into the well.
A. or
B. so
C. but
D. and
39. She is American, ____ she knows little about American history.
A. so
B. yet
C. and
D. therefore
42. John must be in the chemistry lab, ____?
A. mustn’t he
B. needn’t he
C. isn’t he
D. shouldn’t he
43. It was quite a long time ____ I made it out what had happened.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. since
44. ____ the text a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.
A. Read
B. Reading
C. If reading
D. When you read
45. ____ does he do his work well, ____ he helps others with their work.
A. Not only; but also
B. Neither; nor
C. Either; or
D. Both; and
46. ____, so he didn’t come to school last week.
A. Though he was ill
B. Being ill
C. Having been ill
D. He was ill
47. She tried every way ____ she could find to solve the problem.
A. how
B. in which
C. that
D. which
高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：S V (主+谓) 二：S V P (主+系+表) 三：S V O (主+谓+宾) 四：S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五：S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一：S V(主+谓) 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S │V (不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好，sound nice/听起来不错，feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻
Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:
There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.
一、句子成分 英语句子成分分析和句子结构分析（语法高手必备） 英语句子成分分析 （一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分（一般共九中成分）； 主要成分有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。 （二）主语： 主语 (Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。（但在 there b e 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中， 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。） 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、和主语从句等表示。例如：（请画出主语） Three plus two is five. It is a great pleasure to swim in the river Smoking does harm to the health. There are many students in my class. Are you a student? Here comes the bus. He can do it and so can I. Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. （主语从句） （三）谓语谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语 之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took o ff at ten o ’clock. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may k eep the book for two weeks. He has c aught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are s tudents. 谓语 体现时态和语态?时态 （与非谓语比较） 语态 现在时： 一般现在时: 现在进行时: 现在完成时: Is /am/are+---或does/do Is/am/are+doing Has/have +done Has/have+been+doing Is/am/are+ I s /a m /a r e +b e i n g + Has/have+been+
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型S V (主+谓) 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二 SVP(主+系+表)
一、句子成分的定义 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个清晰完整的意思。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语和补语。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分，包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。句子本身的结构是很简单的，只不过是结构套结构。 二、句子成分划分的种类 句子成分划分主要是对句子中的词、短语和从句进行划分。 1.词的划分： 如：1）Xiao Ming bought a beautiful flower. 主谓定 定宾 2）What I said is that you are kind. 主从系表从 从句再分: what I said 宾主谓 that you are kind 连接词主系表
一般来说，根据词性来划分词在句子中充当的成分是比较容易的，如：名词可以在句子中充当主语，宾语，表语等。动词只能表示 谓语的各种形式；形容词多作定语和表语，用来描述人或事物的性质、 特征、状态等等。 2.短语划分： 划分词组在句子中充当的成分较词稍难，因为词组在句子中的位置不确定，单个词作定语的时候，一般放在所修饰词的前面，如cle ar water,而短语作定语时位置正相反，一定要放到所修饰词的后面 作后置定语，如the boy under the tree ( 树下的男孩)，其中非 谓语动词短语作定语，其本身又表示一定的意义： 如：doing sth. 表示主动，进行的意思。 dong 表示被动完成的意思。 to do 放于句首表目的，作定语表示将来。 例：1）With the workers working in the factory, I paid a visit to it. 2) With the problem settled, I can go out to play. 3) To be energetic tomorrow, I’ll go to bed earlier tonigh t. 4) With the problem to solve, the newly elected Mayor will have a hard time. 句子1）中 working表示主动意义，其逻辑主语是workers，同时，根据句子的意思也表示进行的意义；句子2）中根据句意我们应
句子成分分析 （一）、五种基本句型 【导入一】朗读下列句子并归纳主、谓结构。 1. The war broke out in 1937. 2. The books will arrive tomorrow. 3. China lies in the east of Asia. 【教师点拨】分析句子，并写出句子结构。→_______________________(+状语). 【配套练习】汉译英 1. 星期天的时候,我们经常去公园滑冰. ________________________________________________. 2. 昨天晚上雨下得很大. ________________________________________________. 3. 在过去的三年中，中国发生了巨大的变化。 _________________________________________________. 【教师点拨】 1、常见的不及物动词短语：take place/ occur / come about /happen, come off, come into being, come out, come true, disappear, break out, burst into, arrive/ get, apologize,argue, depend, turn up/out。 2、不及物动词短语的用法注意：1）注意汉英的顺序；2）他们无被动态。 【导入二】朗读下列句子并归纳主、谓、宾句子结构。 1. I wrote a letter yesterday. 2. He hurt himself when he fell off his bike. 【教师点拨】分析句子，并写出句子结构。→___________________________________________ 【配套练习】汉译英。 1. 我取得了具大的进步。 ___________________________________________________.
一、划分句子成分练习： 1 Class begins. 2 The poor man died. 3 The red sun is rising. 4 My father bought me a computer. 5 Mr Lin gave us an encouraging talk. 6 Your story sounds interesting. 7 His face turned red. 8 They kept the door green. 9 He had me standing all the morning. 10 The student has known the answer. 11 He doesn’t know them. 12 The plane has landed. 13 You can take part. 14 She will make new friends. 15 Everyone in the team exchanged numbers. 16 Our school will hold a sports meeting. 17 The cake tastes sweet. 18 She was a little anxious. 19 All of them were amazed.
20 You had better buy your friend a gift. 21 You can offer me some information. 22 He found the homework easy. 23 We all hear him read English aloud every morning. 二、划分句子成分练习：（选择题） 1.The sun rises. 2.They worked yesterday. 3.My sister is playing. 4.The dinosaur has died out. 5.It is an insect. 6.The food smells good. 7.The boy looks frightened. 8.The woman felt embarrassed. 9.His face turns red. 10.They visited our campus. 11.The scientists explored this mountain. 12.We will have a debate.
因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词，不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态， 这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing （enjoy doing动词短语）作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语：表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如：I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。） 这两句话中分别由人称代词him ，名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语： 有的动词能够接双宾语，直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书） 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语，me 为间接宾语。 又如：My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语，me 为间接宾语。 四.表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后，其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers，形容词kind 作表语。 五.定语：是用来说明或限制名词的成分，可分为前置定语和后置定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面，构成后置定语。 如：This is red sun. (这是个红太阳) 这句话由形容词red 作前置定语，修饰sun. 又如：His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语，修饰work。 与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分，定语修饰名词，且起说明、限制作用。 如：The students study hard.(学生努力学习)
句子结构及成分 ①相关概念 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。) He opened the door. (open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。) 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如：The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如： The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”) 英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。) 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.（） 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（） 考点4.My watch stopped.（） 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （）考点7.Shall I begin at once?（） 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（） 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（） 考点10.They left last week. （） 3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 如：
英语句子成分划分 英语句子成分划分英语句子成分划分grammar of unit 1 different parts of a sentence 概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分.句子的成分包括:主语,谓语,表语,宾语(直接和间接宾语) ,宾语补足语,定语和状语.主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语) ,表语,宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分.其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分. ▲句子成分分类句子成分分类1.主语主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的是什么或是谁 .一般由名词,代词,不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象.大多数主语都在句首.如: 讲述谁we work in a big factory. 讲述什么the classroom is very big. 数词作主语three are enough. 不定式作主语to operate on the blind is one of the orbis doctor's job. 从句作主语what we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 三个人就够了▲在there be 句型中,主语的位置在中间.如: there are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it 作形式主语.如: it is very interesting to play the game called treat or trick . it took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 . 谓语时用来说明主语做什么是什么或怎么样, ,谓语必须是动词,谓语
句子成分 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句） 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-fou r! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见系词: be, sound（听）, look（看）, feel(摸)，smell（闻）, taste（吃）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
Part1英语句子成分 一、词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如： The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 练一练：指出下例句中主语的中心词。
英语句子成分的划分及 练习 句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（pr edicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attrib ute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ │ Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares 管它呢 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词(种类)。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ 1. This │is │an E nglish-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。 I 句子成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分； 表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。 1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、 数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。 Subject is the topic or theme of the sentence, which tells of what the sentence is about. 1）名词：The students are learning grammar. Our teacher speaks very fast. 2）代词：She is writing. He likes playing tennis. 3）数词：Five is an odd number. Six is my favourite number. 4）不定式：To learn English well is important. It is not easy to remember all rules. 5）动名词：Swimming is interesting.
句子成分分析 （一）、五种基本句型结构。【导入一】朗读下列句子并归纳主、谓 1. The war broke out in 1937. 2. The books will arrive tomorrow. 3. China lies in the east of Asia. ). 【教师点拨】分析句子，并写出句子结构。→_______________________(+状语【配套练习】汉译英. 星期天的时候,我们经常去公园滑冰1. ________________________________________________. . 2. 昨天晚上雨下得很大________________________________________________. 在过去的三年中，中国发生了巨大的变化。 3. _________________________________________________. 【教师点拨】take place/ occur / come about /happen, come off, come into being, 1、常见的不及物动词短语： get, apologize,argue, out, burst into, arrive/ come out, come true, disappear, break 。depend, turn up/out2、不及物动词短语的用法注意：1）注意汉英的顺序；）他们无被动态。2 主、谓、宾句子结构。【导入二】朗读下列句子并归纳 1. I wrote a letter yesterday. 2. He hurt himself when he fell off his bike. 【教师点拨】分析句子，并写出句子结构。→ ___________________________________________ 【配套练习】汉译英。 1. 我取得了具大的进步。 ___________________________________________________. 2. 我在学校里学到了很多东西。 ___________________________________________________. 【导入三】朗读下列句子并归纳主、系、表句子结构。 1. Our school is beautiful. 2. The young man is very promising. 3. The fish tastes delicious. __________________________________________________,