呼啸山庄英文内容简介
Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights is Emily Bront?'s only novel. It was first published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, and a posthumous second edition was edited by her sister Charlotte. The name of the novel comes from the Yorkshire manor on the moors on which the story centres (as an adjective, wuthering is a Yorkshire word referring to turbulent weather). The narrative tells the tale of the all-encompassing and passionate, yet thwarted, love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them and many around them. Now considered a classic of English literature, Wuthering Heights' innovative structure, which has been likened to a series of Matryoshka dolls,[citation needed] met with mixed reviews by critics when it first appeared, with many horrified by the stark depictions of mental and physical cruelty.[1][2] Though Charlotte Bront?'s Jane Eyre was originally considered the best of the Bront? sisters' works, many subsequent critics of Wuthering Heights argued that its originality and achievement made it superior.[3] Wuthering Heights has also given rise to many adaptations and inspired works, including films, radio, television dramatisations, a musical by Bernard J. Taylor and songs (notably the hit Wuthering Heights by Kate Bush), ballet and opera. Contents1 Plot summary 2 Characters 3 Timeline 4 Local background 5 Literary allusions 5.1 Gothic and supernatural elements 6 Allusions/references in literature 7 Film, TV or theatrical adaptations 7.1 New versions 8 Musical allusions and adaptations 8.1 Opera 8.2 Other 9 References 10 External links Plot summary The narrative is non-linear, involving several flashbacks, and involves two narrators - Mr. Lockwood and Ellen "Nelly" Dean. The novel opens in 1801, with Lockwood arriving at Thrushcross Grange, a grand house on the Yorkshire moors he is renting from the surly Heathcliff, who lives at nearby Wuthering Heights. Lockwood spends the night at Wuthering Heights and has a terrifying dream: the ghost of Catherine Earnshaw, pleading to be admitted to the house from outside. Intrigued, Lockwood asks the housekeeper Nelly Dean to tell the story of Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights while he is staying at the Grange recovering from a cold. Nelly takes over the narration and begins her story thirty years earlier, when Heathcliff, a foundling living on the streets of Liverpool, is brought to Wuthering Heights by the then-owner, Mr. Earnshaw, and raised as his own. Ellen comments casually that Heathcliff might have been descended from Indian or Chinese origins[4]. He is often described as "dark" or "gypsy". Earnshaw's daughter Catherine becomes Heathcliff's inseparable friend. Her brother Hindley, however, resents Heathcliff, seeing him as an interloper and rival. Mr. Earnshaw dies three years later, and Hindley (who has married a woman named Frances) takes over the estate. He brutalises
Heathcliff, forcing him to work as a hired hand. Catherine becomes friends with a neighbour family, the Lintons of Thrushcross Grange, who mellow her initially wild personality. She is especially attached to the refined and mild young Edgar Linton, whom Heathcliff instantly dislikes.
A year later, Hindley's wife dies, apparently of consumption, shortly after giving birth to a son, Hareton; Hindley takes to drink. Some two years after that, Catherine agrees to marry Edgar. Nelly knows that this will crush Heathcliff, and Heathcliff overhears Catherine's explanation that it would be "degrading" to marry him. Heathcliff storms out and leaves Wuthering Heights, not hearing Catherine's continuing declarations that Heathcliff is as much a part of her as the rocks are to the earth beneath. Catherine marries Edgar, and is initially very happy. Some time later, Heathcliff returns, intent on destroying those who prevent him from being with Catherine. He has, mysteriously, become very wealthy. Through loans he has made to the drunken and dissipated Hindley that Hindley cannot repay, he takes ownership of Wuthering Heights upon Hindley's death. Intent on ruining Edgar, Heathcliff elopes with Edgar's sister Isabella, which places him in a position to inherit Thrushcross Grange upon Edgar's death. Catherine becomes very ill after Heathcliff's return and dies a few hours after giving birth to a daughter also named Catherine, or Cathy. Heathcliff becomes only more bitter and vengeful. Isabella flees her abusive marriage a month later, and subsequently gives birth to a boy, Linton. At around the same time, Hindley dies. Heathcliff takes ownership of Wuthering Heights, and vows to raise Hindley's son Hareton with as much neglect as he had suffered at Hindley's hands years earlier. Twelve years later, the dying Isabella asks Edgar to raise her and Heathcliff's son, Linton. However, Heathcliff finds out about this and takes the sickly, spoiled child to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff has nothing but contempt for his son, but delights in the idea of him ruling the property of his enemies. To that end, a few years later, Heathcliff attempts to persuade young Cathy to marry Linton. Cathy refuses, so Heathcliff kidnaps her and forces the two to marry. Soon after, Edgar Linton dies, followed shortly by Linton Heathcliff. This leaves Cathy a widow and a virtual prisoner at Wuthering Heights, as Heathcliff has gained complete control of both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. It is at this point in the narrative that Lockwood arrives, taking possession of Thrushcross Grange, and hearing Nelly Dean's story. Shocked, Lockwood leaves for London. During his absence from the area, however, events reach a climax that Nelly describes when he returns a year later. Cathy gradually softens toward her rough, uneducated cousin Hareton, just as her mother was tender towards Heathcliff. When Heathcliff is confronted by Cathy and Hareton's love, notably Hareton's determination to protect the defiant Cathy from Heathcliff's attack, he seems to suffer a mental
break from reality and sees Catherine's ghost. He abandons his life-long vendetta and dies broken and tormented, but glad to be rejoining Catherine. Cathy and Hareton marry. Heathcliff is buried next to Catherine (the elder), and the story concludes with Lockwood visiting the grave, unsure of what to feel. Characters Heathcliff is the central male character of the novel. A foundling raised by the Earnshaw family, he forms a bond with his foster sister Catherine Earnshaw and they share a passionate love, but it is founded on their sameness, of being different halves of the same soul, rather than just a romance or some physical attraction. Meanwhile he nurses a bitter rivalry with his foster brother Hindley, who resents the partiality his father shows Heathcliff and is cruel to him after his father's death. The only time he truly showed love or emotion was when it had to do with Cathy. He runs away from the heights when he is approximately sixteen (his age is unknown but he looks slightly older than Cathy) and returns three years later, having mysteriously made his fortune, education and refinement. He is a brooding, vindictive man, and his anger and bitterness at Catherine's later marriage to their neighbor Edgar Linton sees him engage in a ruthless vendetta to destroy not only his enemies but their heirs, a crusade that only intensifies upon Catherine's death. Catherine Earnshaw is Heathcliff's foster sister. She has dark brown eyes which are characteristic of her family. A free-spirited, wild, passionate, and somewhat spoiled young woman, she returns Heathcliff's love entirely, but because Heathcliff had been made so low that if she married them they would become beggars, instead she chooses another, Edgar Linton, through which marriage she hopes to help Heathcliff and bring him back to the standing he would have had. Heathcliff leaves the Heights after overhearing that it would degrade her to marry him, and because of this she throws herself into a violent fit and is ill for a while. When Edgar asks her to marry him she is about fifteen; they are married three years after Edgar's father's death when she is about eighteen, presumably when Edgar comes into his inheritance. When Heathcliff returns after those same three years she renews their friendship, which makes Edgar unhappy. Always on the edge of madness, her physical and mental health are destroyed by the feud between them, and she descends into prophetic madness before dying in an angelic state shortly after childbirth at about nineteen. Edgar Linton is a childhood friend of Catherine Earnshaw's who later marries her. His fair appearance, blonde hair and blue eyes, contrasts with Heathcliff's dark appearance. A mild and gentle man, if slightly cowardly and distant, he loves Catherine deeply but is unable to reconcile his love for her with her feelings for her childhood friend Heathcliff. This leads to a bitter antagonism with Heathcliff, and it is partly this which leads to Catherine's breakdown. He is well-mannered and gentlemanly but always remains something of a spoiled child. He is too afraid
to fight Heathcliff and shows fear at the prospect, earning both Cathy's scorn and solidifying Heathcliff's contempt. Linton is incapable of competing with Heathcliff's guile and ruthless determination across the decades, and his health fails him while still a relatively young man. Isabella Linton is the younger sister of Edgar who becomes infatuated with Heathcliff. She fundamentally mistakes his true nature and elopes with him despite his apparent dislike of her. Her love for him turns to hatred almost immediately, as she is ill treated both physically and emotionally and held captive against her will. When Heathcliff returns from the Grange after Cathy's death she taunts him and he responds by trying to attack her, but Hindley interferes and she escapes the Heights. She leaves for London after visiting Nelly at the Grange and gives birth to their son Linton Heathcliff about seven months later, whom she attempts to raise away from Heathcliff's corrupting influence. Hindley Earnshaw is Catherine's brother and Heathcliff's other rival. Having loathed Heathcliff since childhood, Hindley delights in turning him into a rough servant upon inheriting Wuthering Heights, making him work the fields. However, his wife's death from consumption destroys him; he becomes a self-destructive alcoholic and gambler and it is this that allows Heathcliff, upon returning to Wuthering Heights, to turn the tables and to buy the mortgage to Wuthering Heights which Hindley created because of his gambling debts, and to become its owner. Northern Yorkshire. In the foreground heaths. Ellen (Nelly) Dean is, at various points, the housekeeper of both Thrushcross Grange and Wuthering Heights, and is the primary narrator of the novel, told through M. Lockwood's journal entries. She is Hindley's, Heathcliff's and Cathy's foster-sister and servant, and is the same age as Hindley, seven years older than Cathy. Heathcliff genuinely likes her and is always glad to see her. She recognizes early on that Heathcliff is Catherine's true love and tries to dissuade her from the disastrous marriage to Edgar. Having been a disapproving witness and unwilling participant to many of the events between Heathcliff and both the Earnshaw and Linton families for much of her life, she narrates the story to Lockwood during his illness at the Grange. It is presumed that she never married as she keeps the name Dean throughout her life. It could be considered that she is the true hero of the story, and without her many of the events in the story would never have taken place; however, she is not the primary protagonist. Linton Heathcliff is the son of Isabella and Heathcliff. He bears no physical resemblance to Heathcliff whatsoever and takes after his mother completely, with big soft blue eyes, fair golden hair, and slightly effeminate in appearance. However he has a certain petulance, cruelty and selfishness, and exploits his ill health to get attention from others. He is a sickly child who grows up ignorant of his father until his mother's death when he is thirteen years old. He is
forced to live at Wuthering Heights and grows into a bullied, trembling shadow of his father. Heathcliff arranges for him to marry his cousin Catherine Linton so that he may inherit both the estates of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. He dies shortly after entering into the forced marriage. Catherine Linton is the daughter of Catherine Earnshaw and Edgar Linton. She inherits both her mother's free-spiritedness and dark eyes and her father's gentle nature, facial features and fair hair. Heathcliff takes advantage of her fundamental innocence and manipulates her into marrying his own son, Linton. She has a strong affection for Linton despite her father's and Nelly's attempts to keep her out of the reach of Heathcliff's machinations, and never wavers in her friendship to him. Unaware of Linton's failing health, she is manipulated into traveling to the Heights, where Heathcliff forces her to remain and marry his son before she returns home to her father, who is dying as well. Once she has become a captive of Wuthering Heights Heathcliff resorts to the same torture he applies to everyone against whom he bears a grudge; he is also violent towards her and cannot stand to have her in the same room with him. As a result, she becomes harpyish and unfriendly. When Nelly is allowed to move to the Heights she helps Catherine return back to her true nature and kindness. She later falls in love with her cousin, Hareton Earnshaw. Hareton Earnshaw is the son of Hindley Earnshaw, who is adopted by Heathcliff upon Hindley's death. He is described as a handsome rustic with the dark Earnshaw eyes, and bears a likeness to his aunt and father. Heathcliff once saved his life; he caught him when Hindley accidentally drops him off the banister of the staircase; however he regretted the act. Heathcliff spitefully turns Hareton into an illiterate servant and has him work the fields, much as Hindley once did to him. Despite this, Hareton remains strangely loyal to him, and considers him his father. Quick tempered and easily embarrassed, he falls in love with Catherine Linton early on, and despite her contempt for him is thus inspired to improve himself. He is the only person who mourns Heathcliff upon his death. Joseph is a servant of the Earnshaws and later Heathcliff. A bullying, lazy and snide man, he hates Heathcliff but is bound to serve Wuthering Heights and the sense of duty he feels to Hareton, who he calls the true master. Intensely religious, he is sanctimonious, self-righteous and largely held in contempt by those around him. He speaks in the traditional West Yorkshire dialect. This dialect was still used in the Haworth area up until the late 1970s, but there are now only portions of it still in common use.[5] Lockwood is the narrator of the novel. A newly-arrived tenant at Thrushcross Grange at the beginning of the novel, he is intrigued by the curious goings-on at Wuthering Heights, and persuades Nelly Dean to tell him the story of what happened during a bout of sickness. Lockwood is apparently a wealthy, relatively
young man who comes to regret not approaching the younger Catherine Linton himself. Despite having a reserved manner and somewhat lofty ideals of himself, he is also a sensitive and romantic soul who is deeply affected by the saga of Heathcliff and Catherine. It is inferred that he lives in London and returns there after his stay at the Grange. Frances Earnshaw is the wife that Hindley married while away at college. The fact that he did not tell his father suggests that Frances is not of high social standing. From her introduction she proves to be a kind woman to Nelly and Cathy but follows Hindley's example and dislikes Heathcliff. While Hareton is an infant she dies from consumption, or tuberculosis, a fate shared by most of the Bront?sisters. She had shown symptoms of her illness ever since Hindley brought her to Wuthering Heights, but at that time Nelly did not know what to make of her violent bloody coughs and fear of dying. Mr. Kenneth, the local doctor and drinking partner of Hindley. Kenneth often sees to the ill or dead characters: Cathy in her madnesses, Frances during childbirth and TB, Heathcliff and his early illness, Edgar's final hours, and Hindley's death. Nelly tells Heathcliff that he should send for Kenneth to tend to his ill son, but does not tell him that Heathcliff's death is suicide by starvation. He also reports to Nelly that he saw Isabella leaving with Heathcliff. Timeline 1757 Hindley born (Summer); Nelly born 1762 Edgar Linton born 1764 Heathcliff born 1765 Catherine Earnshaw born (Summer); Isabella Linton born (late 1765) 1771 Heathcliff is brought to Wuthering Heights by Mr Earnshaw (late summer) 1773 Mrs Earnshaw dies (Spring) 1774 Hindley is sent off to college 1777 Hindley marries Frances; Mr Earnshaw dies (October); Hindley comes back (October); Heathcliff and Catherine visit Thrushcross Grange, Catherine remains behind (November), then returns to Wuthering Heights (Christmas Eve). 1778 Hareton is born (June); Frances dies 1780 Heathcliff runs away from Wuthering Heights; Mr and Mrs Linton both die 1783 Catherine marries Edgar (March); Heathcliff comes back (September) 1784 Heathcliff marries Isabella (February); Catherine dies and Cathy is born (20 March); Hindley dies; Linton is born (September) 1797 Isabella dies; Cathy visits Wuthering Heights and meets Hareton; Linton is brought to Thrushcross Grange and is then taken to Wuthering Heights 1800 Cathy meets Heathcliff and sees Linton again (20 March) 1801 Cathy and Linton are married (August); Edgar dies (August); Linton dies (September); Mr Lockwood goes to Thrushcross Grange and visits Wuthering Heights, beginning his narrative 1802 Mr Lockwood goes back to London (January); Heathcliff dies (April); Mr Lockwood comes back to Thrushcross Grange (September) 1803 Cathy plans to marry Hareton (1 January) Local background Though tourists are often told that Top Withens, a ruined farmhouse, near the Haworth Parsonage (Bronte Parsonage Museum), is the model for Wuthering Heights, it
seems more likely that the now demolished High Sunderland Hall, near Halifax was the partial model for the building. This Gothic edifice, near Law Hill, where Emily worked briefly as a schoolmistress in 1838, had grotesque embellishments of griffins and misshapen nude men similar to those described by Lockwood of Wuthering Heights in chapter one of the novel: "Before passing the threshold, I paused to admire a quantity of grotesque carving lavished over the front, and especially about the principal door, above which, among a wilderness of crumbling griffins and shameless little boys, I detected the date "1500"". The originals of Thrushcross Grange have been traditionally connected to Ponden Hall near Haworth (although it is far too small) and, more likely, Shibden Hall, near Halifax.[6][7] A feud centred around Walterclough Hall is also said to have been one inspiration for the story along with the story of Emily's grandfather, Hugh Brunty. Literary allusions Traditionally, this novel has been seen as a unique piece of work written by a woman confined to the lonesome heath, detached from the literary movements of the time. However, Emily Bront? received literary training at the Pensionnat Héger in Brussels by imitating and analysing the styles of classic writers. She also learned German, and was able to read the German Romantics in the original. The work of Lord Byron was also admired by all three Bront?sisters. The brother-sister relationship between Heathcliff and Cathy is reminiscent of the brother-sister couples in Byron's epics. The character of Heathcliff is reminiscent of the Byronic hero. Gothic and supernatural elements The novel contains many Gothic and supernatural elements. The mystery of Heathcliff's parentage is never solved. All film interpretations have failed in accurately depicting Heathcliff's appearance; He is described as "a dark skinned gypsy in appearance," with black hair and black eyes. It is assumed that he is a gypsy; there were, from what M. Earnshaw said, no people in the town who knew him or claimed him; he belonged to no one. /In literature, the smoky, threatening, miserable factory-towns were often represented in religious terms, and compared to hell. The poet William Blake, writing near the turn of the nineteenth century, speaks of England’s “dark Satanic Mills.” [Sparknotes]/ He is described by Hindley as an 'imp of Satan' in chapter four. Near the end of the novel Nelly Dean wonders if Heathcliff is a ghoul or vampire, but then remembers how they grew up together and dismisses the thought. The awesome but unseen presence of Satan is also alluded to at several points in the novel, and it is noted in chapter three that 'no clergyman will undertake the duties of pastor' at the local chapel, which has fallen into dereliction. Heathcliff is constantly described as a devil or demon by many different characters throughout the course of the book. His wife, Isabella Linton, asks Nelly if Heathcliff is a man at all, after she marries him and is exposed to his true nature. An
important part of the novel is often overlooked and has never truly been conveyed in any film adaptation; Heathcliff and Cathy are two halves of the same soul, and are good and evil, angel and devil. Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based on their shared perception that they are identical. /Their love denies difference, and is strangely asexual. The two do not kiss in dark corners or arrange secret trysts, as adulterers do. (Sparknotes)/ Cathy famously proclaims "I am Heathcliff!" In that same conversation with Nelly, she talks about a "dream" she had, where she was in heaven, but was very unhappy and wanted to be back on earth. The angels grew so angry with her that they cast her onto the heath and onto Wuthering Heights, and when she woke, she wept for joy. Cathy goes through a transformation in the book; during an argument with Edgar Linton she starts going crazy, biting and ripping the pillows and then lying still as though dead. She is ill for a period of time but never fully recovers; she asks Nelly "Why am I so changed?" Her angelic nature, previously frustrated, surfaces, but she cannot live for long afterwards. Nelly wonders often if she will get into heaven, becasue of her less than saintly life, but when she watches her on her death-bed she is filled with a wonderful feeling of calm and release, and is assured that she has entered heaven. While Cathy's soul is angelic, Heathcliff's is demonic. Heathcliff's long-lasting malevolence and gratuitous violence can only be explained by his being a demon incarnate. Moreover, Heathcliff, upon Catherine’s death, wails that he cannot live without his “soul,” meaning Catherine. Ghosts also play a role in the novel. Lockwood has a horrible vision of Catherine (the elder) as a child, appearing at the window of her old chamber at Wuthering Heights and begging to be allowed in. Heathcliff believes this story of Catherine's ghostly return, and late in the novel behaves as though he has seen her ghost himself. When Heathcliff dies, he is found in the bedroom with the window open, raising the possibility that Catherine's ghost entered Wuthering Heights just as Lockwood saw in his dream. At the end of the novel, Nelly Dean reports that various superstitious locals have claimed to see Catherine and Heathcliff's ghosts roaming the moors. Lockwood, however, discounts the idea of "unquiet slumbers for those sleepers in that quiet earth." Allusions/references in literature In Albert Camus' essay "The Rebel", Heathcliff is compared to a leader of the rebel forces. Both are driven by a sort of madness: one by misguided love, the other by oppression. Camus juxtaposes the concept of Heathcliff's reaction to Cathy with the reaction of a disenchanted rebel to the ideal he once held. Maryse Condé's novel Windward Heights adapted Wuthering Heights to be set in Guadaloupe and Cuba. In the novel Eclipse by Stephenie Meyer, several direct quotes from Wuthering Heights are used to compare the main character Bella Swan's relationship with Edward Cullen and Jacob Black with Cathy's
situation with Heathcliff and Edgar. Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes both have poems titled Wuthering Heights. Ann Carson wrote a poem titled "The Glass Essay" in which are woven multiple references to Wuthering Heights and the life of Emily Bront?. James Stoddard's novel The False House contains numerous references to Wuthering Heights. In the novel H: The Story of Heathcliff's Journey Back to Wuthering Heights' by Lin Haire-Sargeant tells the story of how Heathcliff discovers he is the son and heir of Edgar Fairfax Rochester and Bertha Mason (Jane Eyre). Jasper Fforde's Thursday Next novels often mention Heathcliff as the most tragic romantic hero. In Fforde's book The Well of Lost Plots, it is revealed that all the characters of Wuthering Heights are required to attend group anger management sessions. In the preface of his novel Le bleu du ciel, the French writer Georges Bataille states that, in his view, Wuthering Heights belongs to those rare works in literature written from an inner necessity. Alice Hoffman's "Here On Earth" is a modern version of Wuthering Heights.[citation needed] The novel Glennkill by German writer Leonie Swann, published in 2005, is in some way centred around Emily Bront?'s novel, and is perhaps the main reason why said novel is set in Ireland.[citation needed] The book, as is revealed in the last pages, is being read to the sheep by the shepherd's daughter, and in a strange and dreamy way helps the main character of the novel, a sheep-detective called Miss Maple, to guess the identity of the murderer. In Diane Setterfield's novel, The Thirteenth Tale (novel), Wuthering Heights is also frequently mentioned. The relationship between Charlie and Isabelle Angelfield parallels that of Heathcliff and Catherine in many ways. Michel Houellebecq's debut novel Extension du domaine de la lutte briefly mentions Wuthering Heights - "We're a long way from Wuthering Heights." -, arguing that as human relations are progressively fading away, then such tales of stormy passion are no longer possible.[8] Cara Lockwood's Wuthering High, is centered around a boarding school that is haunted by dead classic writers, Emily Bront? being one of them. Her novel is mentioned several times, and even her characters make some special appearances. Nomura Miduki's second book in the Bungakushoujo series, "Bungakushoujo" to Uekawaku Ghost (published in 2006) refers to and draws from Wuthering Heights heavily. The Japanese novelist Minae Mizumura's third and most recent work, A Real Novel, 2002, is a retelling of Wuthering Heights in post war Japan, featuring a half-Chinese, half-Japanese Heathcliff and an even more problematic Nelly. It re-enacts the history of modern Japanese literature by absorbing and transforming the Western classic into the Japanese literary context. In Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series, the main character, Bella Swan, is often seen with a battered copy of Wuthering Heights. Film, TV or theatrical adaptations 1920: the earliest version of Wuthering Heights is
filmed in England, directed by A.V. Bramble. It is unknown if any prints still exist.[9] 1939: Wuthering Heights, starring Merle Oberon as Catherine Linton, Laurence Olivier as Heathcliff, David Niven as Edgar Linton, Flora Robson as Ellen Dean, Donald Crisp as Dr. Kenneth, Geraldine Fitzgerald as Isabella Linton and Leo G. Carroll as Joseph Earnshaw. The film was adapted by Charles MacArthur, Ben Hecht and John Huston. It was directed by William Wyler. The movie was nominated for the 1940 Academy Award for Best Picture. It did not depict the entire novel, portraying only half. In 1948 BBC Television staged a live 90-minute version of the novel. This was not recorded. A 1953 adaptation on BBC Television was scripted by Nigel Kneale, directed by Rudolph Cartier and starred Richard Todd as Heathcliff and Yvonne Mitchell as Catherine. This version does not survive in the BBC archives. According to Kneale, it was made simply because Todd had turned up at the BBC one day and said that he wanted to play Heathcliff for them; Kneale was forced to write the script in only a week as the adaptation was rushed into production.[10] A 1954 very loose Spanish-language adaptation filmed in Mexico by Luis Bu?uel, titled Abismos de Pasión. In 1962, BBC Television screened a new production of their 1953 version. This was again produced by Rudolph Cartier and has been preserved in the archives. Kneale's adaptation concentrates on the first half of the novel, removing the second generation of Earnshaws and Lintons entirely. Claire Bloom played Catherine and Keith Michell was Heathcliff.[11] In 1966 a musical Hindi-language film adaptation was released in India entitled Dil Diya Dard Liya. It's story and charachters were clearly based upon Wuthering Heights. It starred Dilip Kumar (Heathcliff), Waheeda Rehman (Cathy), Pran (Hindley), Rehman (Edgar) and Shyama (Isabella). Names, locations and many plot developments were adapted to suit Indian audiences. 1970: Wuthering Heights starring Timothy Dalton as Heathcliff and Anna Calder-Marshall as Catherine (the elder). It does not cover the whole story. 1970: Monty Python's Flying Circus Season 2 episode # 15 featured a sketch "The Semaphore V ersion of Wuthering Heights", which had the actors communicating via semaphore flags. Egyptian television did a serialized version in the early 70's. 1978: Another BBC adaptation, directed by Peter Hammond and produced by Jonathan Powell, with screenplays by Hugh Leonard and David Snodin. Ken Hutchison plays Heathcliff and Kay Adshead plays Cathy. This adaptation covers the whole story, and has been reissued on DVD. 1985: French film adaptation Hurlevent by Jacques Rivette. 1987: Austrian drama adaptation Krankheit oder Moderne Frauen by Elfriede Jelinek. 1988: Japanese film. 1991: A Filipino film adaptation Hihintayin Kita Sa Langit, starring Richard Gomez and Dawn Zulueta. It was reprised in 2007 with an English title, The Promise, starring Richard
Gutiérrez and Angel Locsín. 1992: Emily Bront?'s Wuthering Heights starring Juliette Binoche in two roles, Catherine Earnshaw and her daughter, and Ralph Fiennes as Heathcliff. 1995: Adaptation for theatre by Gillian Hiscott published by J. Garnett Miller Ltd. (now Cressrelles) 1998: Adaptation by Neil McKay for London Weekend Television directed by David Skynner and starring Sarah Smart as Catherine (the younger), Orla Brady as the elder Catherine and Robert Cavanah as Heathcliff. Also broadcast by PBS television as part of Masterpiece Theatre. 2002: Sparkhouse for the BBC. A modern take on the story with the gender roles reversed, adapted by Sally Wainwright, directed by Robin Shepperd and starring Sarah Smart and Joseph McFadden. 2003: Wuthering Heights for MTV. It starred Erika Christensen, Mike Vogel, and Christopher Masterson. New versions In 2006 it was reported that a new film adaptation was in development, with Angelina Jolie and Johnny Depp attached to star, however, no further developments appear to have been forthcoming. M. Night Shyamalan was once offered the project to direct, but he turned it down to work on The Village, which he later revealed to be inspired partly by the novel.[12] ITV has commissioned a new adaptation, to be written by Blackpool writer Peter Bowker. The three-hour Bront? is expected to be broadcast in early 2008.[13] It will star Charlotte Riley and Tom Hardy. In early 2008, a highly publicized fight for the role of Catherine made headlines across the UK with both Keira Knightley and Lindsay Lohan vying for the role. John Maybury is slated to direct the latest adaptation.[14]. In April 2008, Natalie Portman was cast as in the role[15] although she had to leave the project soon after. Sienna Miller is in early talks to play Cathy, the heroine of Wuthering Heights, while Michael Fassbender, the fast-rising London-based actor has now signed to play the brooding figure of Heathcliff. Sienna entered negotiations following the dramatic withdrawal from the production of actress Natalie Portman. https://www.doczj.com/doc/e31726015.html,/tvshowbiz/article-1020030/Sienna-Miller-play-Wuthering-Heights-her oine-Cathy-Natalie-Portman-drops-out.html Musical allusions and adaptations Opera Bernard Herrmann wrote an Opera based on the novel in 1951. The libretto was by his former wife, radio play writer Lucille Fletcher. The opera was first performed in a concert version in London in 1966, with the composer conducting the Pro Arte Orchestra. It featured the soprano Morag Beaton in the role of Cathy, and baritone Donald Bell as Heathcliff. The opera was later recorded on a Unicorn-Kanchana records. However, a fully staged version of the opera was not done until 1982 when Portland Opera premiered the production.[16] Carlisle Floyd also wrote an opera based on the novel in 1958. Bernard J. Taylor wrote a musical Wuthering Heights, recorded in 1992 as a concept album starring Lesley Garrett, Dave Willetts, Bonnie Langford and Clive Carter, and first
performed in 1994. It has been translated into German, Romanian and Polish.[17] The all-female Japanese opera company, Takarazuka Revue, has their own interpretation of the story, the musical drama is first performed in the 1970s and the most recently production is in 1998, starring Yōka Wao. Sir Cliff Richard starred in the self commissioned "Heathcliff in the 1990's. Not well received by many older fans of the singer it portrayed the very brutal side of the character. The album of the libretto was recorded by Cliff Richard and Olivia Newton-John. Other "Wuthering Heights" is a song by Kate Bush, which appears on her 1978 debut album, The Kick Inside, and was also released as her debut single. It has been repeatedly covered by other artists, including Pat Benatar, on her 1980 album Crimes of Passion, the Brazilian power metal band Angra, on their 1993 album Angels Cry, and Hayley Westenra, on her 2003 album Pure. Josh Pyke has also done a cover for No Man's Woman. The Puppini Sisters have released a swing version of the Kate Bush song, as have the Ukulele Orchestra Of Great Britain. The title and cover art of the second 1976 album Wind & Wuthering by the British progressive rock group Genesis were inspired by the novel. It also includes two instrumental pieces titled "Unquiet Slumbers For The Sleepers..." and "...In That Quiet Earth", respectively, which are the last words in the novel. Wuthering Heights is a Danish heavy metal band. Song writer Michael Penn makes reference to Heathcliff in his song "No Myth". Song Cycle version of the novel using Emily Bront?poems as libretto. Wuthering Heights is produced as a play in the Japanese manga "Garasu no Kamen" by Suzue Miuchi, in which the young Cathy is played by fictional actress Maya Kitajima. In 2003, Japanese singer-songwriter Chihiro Onitsuka penned and released a b-side track on her maxi-single "Beautiful Fighter", which was entitled "Arashigaoka" (嵐ヶ丘), the Japanese translation of the title Wuthering Heights. In 2005, Japanese violinist Ikuko Kawai composed an instrumental piece of the same name. Its slightly more elaborate variation includes the subtitle, "Dear Heathcliff." Korean pop artist Eugene has a song entitled "Wuthering Heights" released in 2004. Songwriter Jim Steinman has stated that the ballad It's All Coming Back To Me Now is influenced by Wuthering Heights, he compared the song to "Heathcliffe digging up Cathy's corpse and dancing with it in the cold moonlight."[18] A theatre marquee in the 2004 film Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow advertises the 1939 film adaptation of Wuthering Heights starring Laurence Olivier. In the 2004 film Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen, Lindsay Lohan's character sees her favorite singer in New York City and remarks that "except for the garbage and cars, it's like following Heathcliff on the moors." A goth rock band Diva Destruction also made a reference on Heathcliff and Catherine on a song called Heathcliff on their album Exposing the Sickness (2002).
In the indie rock band The Hush Sound's song "A Dark Congregation", the final words of the novel are referenced in the line, "we are surrounded by all of the quiet sleepers inside the quiet earth". Artist Jer Ber Jones covered Kate Bush's "Wuthering Heights". Paris Opera Ballet's Danseur Etoile Kader Belarbi created a ballet based on "Wuthering Heights". Its name in French is actually "Les Hauts de Hurlevent" but Belarbi decided to call it quite simply "Hurlevent", given that it aims to draw a line between the novel and the nature of French Romantic ballet showing mostly scenes of the story and not, in fact, telling it. In 2008, a song Wuthering Heights with the theme of Heathcliff's dream was made by Swedish musician Mikael G?kinan with Ludde Wennstr?m (bass and backing vocals) and a rising star Helena Josefsson (vokals). The band Alphabeat made a reference to Wuthering Heights in their song 10,000 Nights with the lyrics "Wuthering Heights and the stormy nights" Gothic band ALI PROJECT has done two songs with the title 'Wuthering Heights'. A tecno version released on their album "Gekka no Ichigun" and a Classical Strings version released on their album "Romance". Both versions have the same lyrics.
Vol.33No.3 M ar.2012 第33卷第3期2012年3月赤峰学院学报（汉文哲学社会科学版） Journal of Chifeng University （Soc.Sci ）一、故事梗概 《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家勃朗特姐妹之一艾米莉·勃朗特的作品。小说叙述了三十多年间恩萧和林淳两家两代人的感情纠葛。呼啸山庄的主人，乡绅恩萧带回来了一个身份不明的孩子，取名希刺克厉夫，他夺取了主人对小主人辛德雷和他的妹妹凯瑟琳的宠爱。主人死后， 辛德雷为报复把希刺克厉夫贬为奴仆，并百般迫害，可是凯瑟琳跟他亲密无间，青梅竹马。后来，凯瑟琳嫁给了画眉田庄的文静青年埃德加。希刺克利夫愤而出走，三年后致富回乡。希刺克厉夫为此进行疯狂的报复，通过赌博夺走了辛德雷的家财。辛德雷本人酒醉而死，儿子哈里顿成了奴仆。他还故意娶了埃德加的妹妹伊莎贝拉，进行迫害。内心痛苦不堪的凯瑟琳在生产中死去。十年后， 希刺克厉夫又施计使埃德加的女儿小凯蒂，嫁给了自己即将死去的儿子小林淳。埃德加和小林淳都死了，希刺克利夫最终把埃德加家的财产据为己有。复仇得逞了，但是他无法从对死去的凯瑟琳的苦恋中解脱出来，最终绝食而死。小凯蒂和哈里顿两人相爱，继承了所有的产业，去画眉田庄安了家。小说充满了强烈的反压迫.求自由求幸福的斗争精神，又始终充满了错综复杂和惊心动魄的氛围。 二、九型人格理论与《呼啸山庄》中的人物性格 九型人格（Enneagram ），又名性格型态学、九种性格。美国亚力山大·汤马斯医生和史黛拉·翟斯医生在他们1977年出版 《气质和发展》一书中提到，我们可以在出生后第二至第三个月的婴儿身上辨认出九种不同的气质，它们是： 活跃程度；规律性；主动性；适应性；感兴趣的范围；反应的强度；心景的素质；分心程度；专注力 范围/持久性。 戴维·丹尼尔斯则发现这九种不同的气质刚好和九型人格相配。 九型人格是一种精妙的性格分析工具，它是一个近年来倍受美国斯坦福等国际著名大学MBA 学员推崇并成为现今最热门的课程之一，近十几年来已风行欧美学术界及工商界。 第一型：完美型完美主义者 主要特征：原则性、不易妥协、追求完美、不断改进、感情世界薄弱；时刻反省自己是否犯错，也会纠正别人的错。 忍耐、有毅力、守承诺、贯彻始终、爱家顾家、守法、有影响力，喜欢控制、光明磊落。 小说中的代表人物是埃德加。 儿时的埃德加是羞涩的，优柔的。这点也被希刺克厉夫瞧不起。 在他和凯瑟琳第一次进入画眉田庄时，看到埃德加和妹妹为了一只小狗而争执，他说“呆子！这就是他们的乐趣！争执着谁该抱那堆暖和的软毛，然后两个都开始哭了……就是再让我活一千次，我也不要拿我在这儿的地位和埃德加在画 眉田庄的地位交换” ① 不能否认，埃德加是文弱的。第二次见面，希刺克厉夫把他当作情敌，抓起苹果酱泼向埃德加，弄得埃德加哭喊起来，此时他仍然压抑自己的怒气和傲慢，没有直接和希刺克厉夫打架，一方面是由于懦弱，另一方面是他也意识到自己的傲慢有些过头，有在反省自己的过错，而且看到希刺克厉夫受到了辛德雷的惩罚，也不再纠结这件事，这点也体现了他的善良和他不愿意破坏自己形象的追求完美的心理。长大之后， 连凯瑟琳都向耐莉承认，自己是爱埃德加的，因为他年轻，长得俊俏，爱慕她，富有，可以让她成为当地最尊贵的女人。 “凯瑟琳选择林淳也并非一时冲动的结果，世俗用九型人格解读《呼啸山庄》中的人物 洪秀芸 （福建工程学院 外语系，福建 福州 350007） 摘要：《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特的小说，描写一个成长与背叛，爱情与复仇的故事。本文采用九型人格来解读小说中主要人物的性格，揭示其鲜活和复杂性。 关键词：呼啸山庄；九型人格；人物性格中图分类号： I106.4文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2596（2012）03-0142-05 142--
呼啸山庄读后感英文版 本文是关于读后感的，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 呼啸山庄读后感英文版 Many people in the world are trying to find a perfect companion.Some of these may marry and not know what their new husband or wife is like.This kind of situation often leads to separation or hostility. Other situations may develop between two friends that stem from jealousy, desire for revenge, uncaring parents, etc. Emily Bront?'s Wuthering Heights displays several characteristics of destructive relationships. Three of these are uncaring parents, marriage without knowing the person, and jealousy. Uncaring or unsympathizing parents are shown throughout this story to be an element of destructive relationships. Because Heathcliff gained all the attention from Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley became disassociated from his father. This separation continued until after Mr. Earnshaw had died.Another example is between Hindley and Hareton. Hindley became such a drunk and a gambler that he could not properly care for young Hareton. This led to a separation between Hareton and his father as well. One primary example
论好莱坞电影的全球化战略 《了不起的盖茨比》：盖茨比的性格对其一生的影响及其对当代中国青年的现实意义 浅析英汉基本颜色词之文化内涵－－以“白”与“黑”为例 试析《生死疲劳》英文版风格之再现：文学文体学视角 A Script-based Study of the Female Theme in Scent of a Woman The Oral Error Correction Function of Communicative Approach Used in Junior High School English Class 葛浩文英译《红高粱家族》的翻译策略研究 古诗词英译关于夸张的翻译策略研究 从许渊冲的“三美”原则论李白诗歌的翻译 American Country Music 体态语在英语课堂教学中的运用研究 中西方婚俗文化及差异 从《飘》中人物性格分析看适者生存的道理 Cause Analysis of Pragmatic Failure in Cross-cultural Communication 英语委婉语中的转喻现象分析 浅析《爱玛》中简?奥斯汀的婚姻观 商务英语新词构词研究 浅析英语委婉语功能 透过《马丁?伊登》看杰克伦敦对超人哲学的矛盾心态 英汉产品简介的对比分析 现代英语演讲中的范式分析 从功能对等理论谈汉语成语的英译 Error Analysis on English Writing by Senior High School Students 象征主义在《野性的呼唤》中的运用 小议《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫人性的回归 Impact of Latin on English V ocabulary 从礼貌原则看英语委婉语的构成和社会功能 电影字幕汉译的归化与异化 从语言角度分析《功夫熊猫》中中西文化的交融 Symbolism in The Old Man and The Sea A Magic World: A Study of Magic Agents in Harry Potter 论大学英语口语课外活动 On the Image of Women's Language in English 探究马克吐温的反奴隶制观—对《哈克贝利费恩历险记》中吉姆的分析 (英语系经贸英语)中国儿童消费市场乱象分析及应对策略 英式英语和美式英语词汇对比研究 中学英语教师课堂反馈对学生焦虑的影响 影响英语阅读效果的主要因素与策略——针对大学英语四六级考试 教师在初中教学中对学生的评价 浅谈商务函电的写作 从《劝导》看简?奥斯汀创作思想的发展 Cultural Differences Between Chinese and American Social Etiquettes 寻找自我——从女性意识角度解读《觉醒》
Heathcliff is a fictional character in the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Bront?. Owing to the novel's enduring fame and popularity, he is often regarded as an archetype of the tortured Romantic Byronic hero whose all-consuming passions destroy both himself and those around him. Heathcliff can also be viewed as a reflection and product of his psychological past: the abuse, neglect and scorn of those with whom he grows up render him abusive, neglectful and scornful. Legend has stereotyped him somewhat into a romantic hero, and he is generally known more for his love for Catherine Earnshaw than his final years of vengeance in the second half of the novel, in which he grows into a bitter, haunted man (although there are also a number of incidents in Heathcliff's early life that show that he was an angry and sometimes malicious individual from the beginning; again, these tend to be glossed over in the popular imagination). His complicated, mesmerising and altogether bizarre nature makes him a rare character, with components of both the hero and the anti-hero. Catherine Earnshaw, known as Catherine Linton after her marriage, is the main female protagonist of Emily Bront?'s novel Wuthering Heights. While residing in her ancestral home Wuthering Heights, she forms a deep romantic bond with foster brother Heathcliff, one that leads them both into misery, violence and despair. Edgar Linton is a character in Emily Bront?'s novel Wuthering Heights. His role in the story is that of Catherine Earnshaw's husband. He resides at Thrushcross Grange and falls prey to Heathcliff's schemes for revenge against his family. Edgar is the father of his and Catherine's daughter, Catherine Linton, and the brother of Isabella Linton. He is a complete foil of Heathcliff as a character, as shown by his tender, gentle, and weak personality as opposed to Heathcliff's savage, tyrannical nature. Isabella Linton is a female character in Emily Bront?'s only novel Wuthering Heights. She is the sister of Edgar Linton and the wife of Heathcliff. Hindley Earnshaw is a male character in Emily Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights. The brother of Catherine Earnshaw, father of Hareton Earnshaw, and sworn enemy of Heathcliff, he descends into a life of drunkenness, degradation, and misery after his wife Frances dies in childbirth, enabling
《呼啸山庄》简介 1801年，洛克乌先生来到山庄拜访希克厉先生，要租下他的画眉山庄，希克厉先生对他很粗暴，还有一群恶狗向他发起进攻。但他还是又一次造访希克厉先生，他遇到了行为粗俗，不修边幅的英俊少年哈里顿恩肖，和貌美的希克厉先生之子的遗孀。由于天黑又下雪希克厉先生不得不留他住了下来，夜里他做了一个奇怪的梦，梦见树枝打在窗齿打碎玻璃，想折断外头的树枝，可手指却触到一双冰凉的小手，一个幽灵似的啜泣声乞求他放她进来。她说她叫卡瑟琳·恩萧，已经在这游荡了20年了，她想闯进来，吓得洛克乌失声大叫。希克厉先生闻声赶来，让洛克乌出去，他自己扑倒在床上，哭着叫起来：“卡茜，来吧！啊，来呀，再来一次！啊，我心中最亲爱的！卡瑟琳，最后一次！”可窗外毫无声息，一阵冷风吹灭了蜡烛。 第二天，洛克乌先生来到画眉山庄，向女管家艾伦迪恩问起此事，女管家便讲了发生在呼啸山庄的事情。 呼啸山庄已有300年的历史，以前的主人欧肖夫妇从街头捡来一个吉普赛人的弃儿，收他做养子，这就是希克厉。希克厉一到这家就受到才先生的儿子享德莱的欺负和虐待，可享德莱的妹妹卡瑟琳却与希克厉疯狂地相爱了。 老主人死了之后，已婚的享德莱成了呼啸山庄的主人。他开始阻止希克厉和卡瑟琳的交往，并把希克厉赶到田里去干活，不断地差辱他，折磨他，他变得不近人情，近乎痴呆，卡瑟琳也变得野性十足。 一次，他们到画眉山庄去玩，卡瑟琳被狗咬伤，主人林敦夫妇知道她是欧肖家的孩子，就热情地留她养伤，而把希克厉当成坏小子赶跑了。卡瑟琳和林敦的儿子埃德加、女儿伊莎贝拉成了好朋友。卡瑟琳住了五个长星期回来后，变成温文尔雅，仪态万方的富家小姐。当他再次见到希克厉时，生怕他弄脏了自己的衣服。希克厉的自尊心受到了伤害，他说：“我愿意怎么脏，就怎么脏。”他发誓要对享德莱进行报复，他心中的野性和愤恨全部对准享德莱。 1778年6月，享德莱的妻子生下哈里顿恩肖后因肺病死去，亨德莱受了很大的打击，从此变得更加残忍，更加冷酷无情。卡瑟琳徘徊于希克厉和埃德加的爱情之间，她真心爱希克厉，但又觉得与一个仆人结婚，有失身份。当埃德加向她求婚时，想到他的漂亮和富有，便答应了。但在她灵魂深处，非常明白自己错了，便向女仆艾伦迪恩吐露真情：“我对埃德加的爱像树林中的叶子，当冬季改变树木的时候，随之就会改变叶子。我对希克厉的爱却像地下永久不变的岩石……我就是希克厉！他无时无刻不在我心中，并不是作为一种乐趣，而是作为我的一部分。” 希斯克里夫不巧听到了她们对话的前半部分，痛苦万分，当夜离开了呼啸山庄，卡瑟琳因希克厉的离去而大病一场。后来林敦夫妇相继得热病而死，在他们死后三年，卡瑟琳同埃德加结婚了。
毕业论文 题目：Return to Nature – On the Conflict between Nature and Civilization in Wuthering Heights 学院：外国语学院
摘要 艾米莉·勃朗特是英国维多利亚时期一名杰出的作家。她短暂的一生只留下一部杰作－－《呼啸山庄》。这部小说因其永久的魅力和广泛的畅销被列为世界名著。然而，这部小说的价值直到二十世纪才被人们重新发现。随着时间的推移，她的小说越来越受到关注。一百多年来，学术界对其小说《呼啸山庄》分别从主题、主旨、写作技巧、语言风格、女性主义、生态批评等不同角度进行过研究。本文从象征主义的角度来解读自然和文明的关系，二者之间相互斗争，但最终因为文明的侵犯和本性的扼杀造成了西斯克里夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧，同时折射出造成人类悲剧命运的根源和重回自然的思想。 勃朗特在《呼啸山庄》中构建起分别象征着自然的呼啸山庄和文明的画眉山庄，把维多利亚时代的矛盾压缩进两个家庭的故事中。本文以凯瑟琳的命运为中心线索，分别论证了呼啸山庄和画眉山庄的象征意义。凯瑟琳是文明和自然的交织点，通过论述凯瑟琳的异化，迷失和归复来说明文明压抑了人性，要求人顺应人性回归自然的思想。 关键词：自然；文明；凯瑟琳；西斯克里夫；象征主义
Abstract Emily Bront? is a brilliant writer in Victorian Age. In her short life, she writes only one novel, Wuthering Heights, which has become a worldwide classic for its enduring interest and wide popularity. However, the novel is ignored by the readers and critics of the Victorian Age. It is not until the 20th century that the true value of the novel is discovered. As time passes by, her novel has gained more and more attention. Throughout the hundred years the scholars have attained remarkable achievements from diffident points of view, such as themes, narrative skills, writing style, language, feminism and ecocriticism. This paper tries to apply symbolism to analyze the relation between nature and civilization, which are fighting with each other. But the violation of civilization and the death of nature are responsible for the tragedy of Heathcliff and Catherine. The novel mirrors the root of tragedy of human and akes people to return to nature. In this novel Bront? builds Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, which are the tokens of nature and civilization respectively. She condenses the contradiction of the Victorian Age into the story of the two families. The paper is built around the fate of Catherine. It studies the symbolic meanings of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. Catherine is the conjunction of nature and civilization and the conflict of them is vividly shown in her. The alienation, loss and return of Catherine indicates that civilization represses the nature of human and man should return and comply to nature. Key words: nature; civilization; Catherine; Heathcliff; symbolism
《呼啸山庄》的叙事特色 摘要： 《呼啸山庄》以其超越生死的爱恨情仇打动了一代又一代人，其中，独特的叙事特色是其独具魅力的重要原因之一。艾米莉〃勃朗特从女性书写的叙事角度出发，运用不可改变的叙事循环、复杂巧妙的叙事方式与叙事顺序、有意设计的叙事时距，写出了一个爱恨泯灭的自由荒原的故事。 关键词：《呼啸山庄》；叙事角度；叙事方式；叙事顺序；叙事时距 勃朗特三姐妹中，艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》远没有夏洛蒂的《简爱》出名、风靡，而且还招来批评、厌恶与反感。但她留给世人的唯一小说《呼啸山庄》历久弥新，以其精妙的叙事手法和震撼人心的主题，激发了一代又一代读者的浓厚兴趣，吸引了众多评论家的注意。终于，20世纪上半叶形势发生了变化，批评界对《呼啸山庄》的评价远远超过了《简〃爱》，读者也开始理解这部作品蕴含的丰富思想和别致的叙述技巧。 《呼啸山庄》中，凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫青梅竹马、情投意合，他们受到压迫而反抗。他们的爱情是基于性格上的一致、情感上的共鸣、志趣上的相投。他们爱情的基础不是由互补性，而是由同一性构成的。他们的爱情超越了生死的界限，带有神秘主义的味道，但又是现实的。希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳有着绝对强烈的情感，爱之中又掺杂着极端的狠，他一步步地实行残酷的复仇计划，一步步让那些人跌入深渊，而最后看到小凯蒂和哈尔顿与他心爱的人相似的眼睛时，他放弃了，也释怀了，与凯瑟琳在呼啸山庄的高空上团聚。在充满野性和平静相融合的文字底下，《呼啸山庄》为我们展示的是一段时间跨度长、感情炽烈、超越生死的爱情，这与世俗的爱情有着极大的不同。读过《呼啸山庄》的读者，都被这虐深的爱念深深地打动，到底是要爱到什么程度，男主人公表达出充满毁意的爱。而其深深的感染力正是与艾米丽独特的叙事有关，笔者将在下文对其进行详细论述。
《呼啸山庄》中的爱的解读 【摘要】《呼啸山庄》通过三十多年的时间跨度，叙述了恩萧和林顿两家两代人的感情纠葛，是一个错综复杂、惊心动魄的爱情和复仇故事。因此，本文就主人公希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的生死之爱、他们这种暴烈之爱的情感来源以及他们之间爱与恨的对立统一进行简要的解读。 【关键词】生死之爱；暴烈之爱；情感来源；爱与恨；对立与统一 奠定英国作家艾米丽·勃朗特在英国文学史上地位的小说《呼啸山庄》，主要描写了吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫在被山庄的老主人收养之后，受到了侮辱并且恋爱也不成功因而外出去致富，最后回来对和他的女朋友凯瑟琳结婚的地主以及他们的子女们进行报复的一个故事。这部小说里所描写的爱情的痛苦、迷恋、残酷以及执着都深深的震撼了人们的内心，全文都充满着强烈的反抗压迫、争取幸福的一种斗争精神，但又始终都笼罩着一种离奇、紧张、浪漫的艺术气氛。本文试从他们的生死之爱、暴烈之爱、爱的原型以及他们之间爱与恨的对立统一等方面进行探究。 一、希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的生死之爱 凯瑟琳在嫁给林顿之后可以说就已经从希斯克利夫的世界抽离了，这是迫使希斯克利夫离开山庄的最重要的原因。他的离开是因为受不了凯瑟琳对他灵魂的背叛，所以只有离开这个充满着他们爱的回忆的地方，但是这也是他再次回到庄园的原因，希斯克利夫承受不了这种思念的痛苦，再次归来，感受到回忆，让他的内心再次有了熟悉并且美好的温暖。可以说凯瑟琳对希斯克利夫的爱从内心里就是一种灵魂之爱，而对于林顿的爱则是一种对亲人的爱，这是两种完全不同的爱，但同时又都是美好纯洁的。林顿发现凯瑟琳与希斯克利夫之间的这种灵魂之爱的时候很坚决的要求凯瑟琳断绝这份爱，而这也把凯瑟琳逼上了死亡之路，也引发了希斯克利夫在随后的十八年里的相思之痛，整天认为凯瑟琳并没有离开这个世界，并始终想着盼望着凯瑟琳的归来，过着这样非人的痛苦的生活。 二、希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳暴烈之爱的情感来源 希斯克利夫是一名流浪儿，他没有父母，没有国家，甚至是自己的种族也把自己给抛弃了，因而他也是一名黑暗阴沉的孩子，在被老庄主收养之后，不可避免的会遭到山庄里的那些世俗人们的蔑视与欺负。老主人恩萧先生和凯瑟琳是山庄里唯一善待他的人。恩萧先生把他看做是上帝的恩赐，给予了他父亲般的关爱，但是这份爱又遭到了他亲生儿子的嫉恨。凯瑟琳是老主人的女儿，只有她和希斯克利夫平等相待，只有她才可以唤起希斯克利夫内心中的激情，所以她是希斯克利夫能在逆境中不断前进的勇气以及唯一的希望。虽然凯瑟琳懵懂的嫁给了别人，并因此导致了两人在后来遭受了明明相爱但却不能相守的痛苦，凯瑟琳最终在悔恨与自责中早早离世。凯瑟琳死后的十八年里希斯克利夫也陷入了巨大的痛苦之中，这种天人永隔的思念让希斯克利夫几乎发疯，在最后，在这种痛苦中他
《呼啸山庄》英文读后感 篇一：呼啸山庄英文 呼啸山庄英文读后感 In this summer, I read another book Wuthering Heights. Wuthering Heights is written by Emily Bronte. After reading that book, the love and the hatred between Catherine and Heath Cliff still linger in my head. The story begun with a mistake that made by Lockwood, a temporary resident. He is seeking shelter from the blizzard he staggers through the door of Wuthering Heights, finding the atmosphere inside is just as cold as ice. The master of the house, Heath Cliff, provides a bed reluctantly and it seems like that he feels ill at ease with his visitor’s ing. There's a sad tale behind his indifference, one which the elderly housekeeper Nelly Dean is happy to share.
爱米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》一直被认为是英国文学史上一部“最奇特的小说”。它通过描述凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间的爱情，展现了畸形社会中人性的变异：人性因扭曲而萌发的强烈复仇。它以狂飙般猛烈的情感达到了震撼人心的艺术力量。 希斯克利夫是作品中的主人公，他的疯狂报仇泄恨，貌似悖于常理，但却淋漓尽致地表达了他非同一般的叛逆精神。这是一种特殊环境下造成的特殊性格，特殊性格所决定的特殊命运。 一、特殊环境造成特殊性格 环境先于性格而存在，性格也就在改变环境的努力过程中形成，因此，人们说环境塑造性格。进一步而言，特殊的环境必然造成特殊的性格。《呼啸山庄》的主人公希斯克利夫过分残忍的性格，完全是他周围的环境所造成的。 毋庸置疑，金钱主宰一切是资本主义社会的标志。希斯克利夫所处的正是一个金钱的社会，在那里，贫穷是可耻的。无论是否因你的过错而导致的贫穷，无论是否你有努力的过程，只要你现在仍是衣衫褴褛，你就注定遭受耻辱。贫穷带来的无穷无尽的耻辱生活就像一把刻刀，不断雕刻、改变着希斯克利夫的性格。 希斯克利夫是个被剥夺了人间温暖的弃儿，他是贫穷的。他被呼啸山庄的老庄主恩萧收养，改变了他贫穷的生活。老恩萧和他女儿凯瑟琳的善意接纳和关怀使他的眼神里充满了感激，他用最好的方式回报恩人——打开心，接受别人，并渐渐与凯瑟琳相爱了。虽然凯瑟琳的哥哥辛德雷异常讨厌他，但是甜蜜的爱情让他打算为了凯瑟琳去奉献一生，“永远生活在凯瑟琳的阴影下”，即使被她的哥哥辛德雷使唤，遭受无穷的嘲讽，他也毫不介意。可没过多久，生活又和希斯克利夫开了个玩笑。老恩萧死了，辛德雷成为了呼啸山庄的主人，这一变化使希斯克利夫降为了仆人，他再次贫穷。所不同的是，他此时拥有了凯瑟琳的爱，他把自己的爱全给了凯瑟琳，除了这个，他什么都没有了，甚至是尊严。对于一个生活在这种环境的人，凯瑟琳几乎就是他的生命，是他生活的全部希望。 然而，这份爱并没有持续多久，凯瑟琳受制于那个世俗的社会，受制于金钱的诱惑，最后决定嫁给画眉山庄的主人——埃德加。虽然她说“我对埃德加的爱像是树林中的叶子，在冬天变化树木的时候，时光便会变化成叶子；我对希斯克利夫的爱则像树下面永恒不变的岩石，虽然看起来它给你的愉快并不多，可是这点愉快却是必需的，永久的。”相信当希斯克利夫听到凯瑟琳说：“嫁给希斯克利夫就会降低我的身份”时，用肝肠寸断这几个字来形容他当时的心情也并不以为过。 凯瑟琳的变心使希斯克利夫生命中最后一点爱消失了，强烈的爱化为了强烈的恨，强烈的恨化成了他强烈的个性——坚硬、不屈、残忍。表面看，这一切都是因为凯瑟琳对爱情的背叛而造成的，实际上却显露了那个时代强烈的的价值取向——贫穷是可耻的！ 二、特殊性格决定特殊命运
《呼啸山庄英文读后感》 呼啸山庄英文读后感（一）： Thoughts or reflections on reading Wuthering Heights The book was written by Emily Bronte， it published in 1847。But at that time， it seemed to hold little promise， selling very poorly and receiving only a few mixed reviews。 I found this in our school library，I chose this book because the title attracted me。 The book is structured around two parallel love stories， the first half of the novel centering on the love between Catherine and Heathcliff， while the less dramatic second half features the developing love between young Catherine and Hareton。 In contrast to the first， the latter tale ends happily， restoring peace and order to Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange。 In the story，the two houses， Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange， represent opposing worlds and values。 I spent twenty days reading this book。 After reading this book， I felt for Heathcliff at first。 Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless orphan on the streets of Liverpool， and then he tyrannized by Hindley Earnshaw。 But he bees a villain when he acquires power and returns to Wuthering Heights with money and the trappings of a gentleman。His malevolence proves so great and longlasting。 As he himself points out，his abuse of Isabellahis wife is purely sadistic， as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still e cringing back for more。 Catherine represents wild nature， in both her high， lively spirits and her occasional cruelty。 She loves Heathcliff so intensely that she claims they are the same person。 However， her actions are driven in part by her social ambitions， which initially are awakened during her first stay at the Lintons， and which eventually pel her to marry Edgar。 Catherine is freespirited， beautiful， spoiled， and often arrogant， she is given to fits of temper， and she is torn between her both of the men who love her。 The location of her coffin symbolizes the conflict that tears apart her short life。 She is buried in a corner of the Kirkyard。 In contrast to Catherine， Isabella LintonCatherines sisterinlaw represents culture and civilization， both in her refinement and in her weakness。 Ultimately，she ruins her life by falling in love with Heathcliff。 He never returns her feelings and treats her as a meretool in his quest for revenge on the Linton family。 Just as Isabella Linton serves as Catherines foil， Edgar Linton serves as Heathcliffs。 Edgar grows into a tender， constant， but cowardly man。
1757 亨德雷·欧肖诞生。艾伦.迪恩之母携其婴儿艾伦往呼啸山庄当保姆。 1762 埃德加·林顿诞生。 1765 凯瑟琳·欧肖诞生。 1766 伊莎贝拉·林顿诞生。 1771 夏天，欧肖先生从利物浦带回希斯克利夫。 1773 春天，欧肖夫人逝世。 1774 亨德雷上大学。 1777 十月，欧肖先生逝世。亨德雷携其妻弗兰西斯返家。十一月底，凯瑟琳在画眉田庄闯祸。 圣诞节，凯瑟琳返家。 1778 六月，哈里顿·欧肖诞生。弗兰西斯逝世。艾伦.迪恩照顾哈里顿。 1780 夏天，凯瑟琳接受了埃德加·林顿的求婚。希斯克利夫失踪。凯瑟琳患重病。老林顿先生与夫人逝世。 1783 三月，埃德加娶凯瑟琳。艾伦.迪恩陪同往画眉田庄。九月，希斯克利夫归。 1784 一月，埃德加，凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间发生争吵。希斯克利夫带伊莎贝拉私奔。凯瑟琳第二次重病。 三月，希斯克利夫与伊莎贝拉回呼啸山庄。希斯克利夫去看凯瑟琳。 三月廿日，凯瑟琳逝世，留下才诞生的女儿凯瑟琳。 三月廿五日，凯瑟琳下葬。希斯克利夫当晚到墓园去。 三月廿六日，伊莎贝拉逃跑。 九月，亨德雷逝世。希斯克利夫占有呼啸山庄。 十月，林顿·希斯克利夫诞生于外地。 1797 伊莎贝拉逝世。 小凯茜首次到呼啸山庄。 埃德加接外甥林顿回画眉田庄。希斯克利夫要走他的儿子。1800 三月廿日，小凯茜第二次到呼啸山庄。 秋天，埃德加感冒病倒。 十月，凯茜第三次到呼啸山庄。 这以后三个星期，凯茜秘密往呼啸山庄。 1801 八月，凯茜与表弟林顿在野外见面，被希斯克利夫所迫又进呼啸山庄与林顿结婚。 九月，埃德加·林顿逝世。后希斯克利夫往凯瑟琳墓地掘墓。林顿·希斯克利夫继承了画眉田庄。十月，林顿死去。希斯克利夫占有了其子产业。 十一月，希斯克利夫将画眉田庄出租给洛克伍德先生。 洛克伍德先生拜访呼啸山庄。 1802 一月，洛克伍德先生离开画眉田庄往伦敦。 二月，艾伦.迪恩回呼啸山庄。 四月，希斯克利夫逝世。 九月，洛克伍德先生路经画眉田庄与呼啸山庄，再次拜访。1803 元旦，哈里顿·欧肖与凯茜结婚。 恩萧先生——呼啸山庄主人 辛德雷·恩萧——其子 凯瑟琳·恩萧——其女，小名凯蒂 希刺克厉夫——恩萧抚养的孤儿 弗兰西斯——辛德雷之妻 哈里顿·恩萧——辛德雷之子 丁耐莉——女管家，又名艾伦 约瑟夫——呼啸山庄的老仆人 林惇先生——画眉田庄主人 埃德加·林惇——其子，后娶凯瑟琳·恩萧 伊莎贝拉·林惇——其女，后嫁希刺克厉夫 凯瑟琳·林惇——埃德加与凯瑟琳之女，亦名凯蒂林惇·希刺克厉夫 伊莎贝拉与希刺克厉夫之子 洛克乌德先生——房客 肯尼兹医生——当地医生 齐拉——呼啸山庄的女仆
Wuthering Heights Wuthering Heights was published in 1847, and was the only novel written by Emily Bronte. As we know, Emily Bronte and Charlotte, Anne was together called as three sisters? constellation in the English literary history. In 1818, Emily Bronte was born in the poor priest family. With less than two years old, she and her family moved to Howard areas and lived in a remote wilderness, and she never left there. When she was 27 years old, she started to write Wuthering Heights, and published it when she was 29 years old. But Wuthering Heights was not well received by the reading public, many of whom condemned it as sordid, vulgar, and unnatural--and author Emily Bronte went to her grave in 1848 believing that her only novel was a failure. It was not until 1850, when Wuthering Heights received a second printing with an introduction by Emily's sister Charlotte, that it attracted a wide readership. And from that point the reputation of the book has never looked back. Today it is widely recognized as one of the great novels of English literature. Wuthering Heights is a story of love and revenge; it is the typical gothic novel. It is told in the form of an extended flashback. After a visit to his strange landlord, a newcomer to the area desires to know the history of the family--which he receives from Nelly Deans, a servant who introduces us to the Earnshaw family who once resided in the house known as Wuthering Heights. It was once a cheerful place, but Old Earnshaw adopted a "Gipsy" child who he named Heathcliff. And Catherine, daughter of the house, regarded him as the perfect companion: wild, rude, and as proud and cruel as she. But although Catherine loves him, even recognizes him as her soul mate, she cannot lower herself to marry so far below her social station. She instead marries another, and in so doing sets in motion an obsession that will destroy them all. Wuthering Heights is not so easy to “get into” , because the description of the environment and the character, the portrait of this obsessive love is so dark and somewhat off-putting. But in this novel there was the flow of the work in a remarkable way setting the stage for one of the most remarkable structures. And these structures circles upon itself in a series of repetitions as it plays out across two generations. Besides, the description of wasteland in the novel gave more impression for readers. Wasteland gives Wuthering Heights rare vigor and charm and gloomier, mysterious, wild, remarkable, full of passion. What?s more, it is the temper ament and charm of Wuthering Heights, and can be summed up in two ways: one is the Wuthering of humanity; the other is the Wuthering of nature. Wuthering Heights explores the philosophy of humanity. The characters in the novel are full of boldness, wildness and passion which is the human nature and instinct that free from the restrict of social civilization. In this novel, passion