作者认为，整洁的人与随意的人的根本差异是道德上的。前者将整洁放在至高的位置，做事遵循两条不变的原则：从不两次处理任何事；扔掉一切东西。他们头脑清醒，目标明确，但他们十分冷漠，以至在他们看来，人，动物，物品都是一样的东西。与前者形成鲜明对照的是，后者往往头脑里充满了各种各样，一时冲动的浪漫奇想。他们似乎对一切都有感情依恋。从某种意义上，我们可以这么说，大多数政治家和将军是属于第一种类型的人，而大多数诗人和艺术家则是属于第二种类型的人。The author holds that the fundamental difference between neat people and sloppy people is moral. The former place neatness above everything else and work on two unvarying principles: never handle any item twice; and throw everything away. They are clear-minded and objective, but they are so indifferent that people, animals and things are all one to them. In sharp contrast, the latter fill their minds with all kinds of romantic whims and their ideals are just too perfect to come true in reality. What’s more, the latter have a loving heart and seem to show sentimental attachments to everything. In a way, we may conclude that most statesmen and generals fall into the former category while most poets and artists belong to the latter type.
种瓜得瓜，你若给别人幸福，别人就会给你幸福。这是故事《救护车姑娘》给我们的启示。故事的女主人公曾经是十分严重的疑病症患者。她对疾病非常敏感，甚至到了从不看颇受欢迎的医学连续剧的程度。但是，有一天，她看到了一个启示，上面写着：需要一个志愿急诊医士。她心想，”如果我能勇敢地面对使我感到恐惧的事，或许我还可以拯救我自己。“于是，她学习了有关课程，获得了证书，成了一名志愿者急诊医士。而后，她帮助了许多在困难中的人，处理了许多急症病例。随着时间的流逝，她的能力和专业技术知识在工作中得到了更加充分的展现，她赢得了很多人的尊重。同时，她对于疾病，甚至死亡几乎都不感到恐惧了。她说：”我在帮助别人的过程中学会了帮助自己。“Whatsoever a man sows, that shall he also reap. Whoever gives happiness is returned with happiness. That’s the moral story Ambulance Girl has given us. The heroine used to be a raging hypochondriac. She was sensitive about illness to such an extent that she never watched a popular serial medical drama. However, one day she saw a sign which read: A V olunteer EMT Wanted. She said to herself, “If I can face bravely what scares me, I may possibly save myself.”Then she took some relevant courses, acquired a certificate and became an EMT. Later on, she offered a deal of help to many people in trouble, and dealt with many emergency cases. With the passage, she has demonstrated in an increasing measure capability and expertise, and she subsequently won wide respect. In the mean time, she feels least scared of illness, even death. She says, “I’ve learnt to help myself in helping others”
无知是我们理性生活的最大障碍之一。对病痛的无知就是一个恰当的例子。很多人几乎不知道，疼痛并不是表明健康状态极糟，而经常是压力，担忧，无聊，枯燥，甚至是睡眠不足，饮食过量或缺乏锻炼造成的。更为糟糕的是，他们对疼痛十分敏感。结果，医生的办公室里挤满了各种因疼痛而前来就医的人。医生往往处在一个进退两难的境地。一方面，他们在病人身上找不到引起疼痛的器质性病因：另一方面，他们又怕忽视一些症状，而这些症状可能是潜在的无法治愈疾病的先期警告。另外，如果对于疼痛的根本原因一无所知的情况普遍存在的话，那么对于止痛片的药物性一无所知的情况也会变得同样普遍。滥用止痛片的危险在于：或许止了疼痛却没有解决严重隐患。人们一般认为，止痛片之王是阿司匹林药片。阿司匹林药片无需处方即可出售。然而，长期不间断使用该药片也可能是致命的。因此，让人们了解疼痛及止痛片，将此作为普及教育的一个组成部分极其重要。这样，人们就会懂得疼痛起始阶段的各种情况，懂得止痛药的药性及其副作用，恰当地处理疼痛病例。Ignorance is one of the biggest obstacles to our intelligent life. Ignorance about pain is a case in point. Many people have little knowledge about the fact that pain is not the indication of bad health, and that it is
frequently the result of stress, worry, idleness, boredom, even insufficient sleep, overeating or inadequate exercise. What is worse, they are most pain-conscious. As a result, doctor’s offices are overloaded with people with ailments of pain. Doctors tend to be caught in a dilemma. On one hand, they can find no organic cause of pain in the patient; on the other hand, they are afraid that they may ignore symptoms which could be a warning of a potentially incurable illness. In addition, if ignorance about the nature of pain is so widespread, ignorance about the nature of pain-killing drugs will be likewise widespread. The danger of pain-killing drugs is that they may deaden the pain without correcting the grave underlying condition. Aspirin is commonly regarded as the king of all pain-killers. And aspirin is permitted to be sold without prescription. However, the drug can be lethal in sustained doses. So it is extremely important to make knowledge about pain and pain-killing drugs part of popular education, so that the individual understands the threshold variety of pain, the medicinal substances and side effects of pain-killing drugs and deals with the case of pain properly.
牛津大学对许多人有着神奇的魔力。她被认为是一座播下美丽和情感，智慧和理解种子的花园。在那里，古典的建筑将希腊的心智精神和罗马的尊贵浩气融为一体。她有其独特的魅力：美妙的钟声，高贵的简朴，宁静的庄严，不可遏制的激情，青春活力的浪潮，炽热的希望。各种慷慨和细腻的精神都向她致意，各种心灵见到那里的钟塔和圆顶，围墙和树丛，都会感觉到一种无法言喻的兴奋。在那里，你会尽情汲取古典学问的养料，惊叹人类文明一座座不朽的纪念碑；你会为脉动的现代生活感到兴奋不已，萌发一种去创造新世界的冲动。在那里，你会树立从近期的成功到永恒的辉煌的各种理想。从某种意义上说，牛津大学不仅是让你走向世俗成功的学校，更是你的精神生活的天堂。因此，若有机会在牛津大学求学，你就能享受一种“不闻窗外事”的乐趣。The University of Oxford casts a magic spell over many people. It is deemed as a garden where the seeds of beauty and emotion, of wisdom and understanding are sown. Over there, classical building fuse the intellectual spirit of Greece and the dignified magnificence of Rome. Its special charm lies in melodious bells, stately simplicity, quite solemnity, unbridled enthusiasm, the tide of youthful life, and ardent hope. All spirits, generous and delicate, pay homage to it and all hearts feel an inexpressible thrill at the sight of its towers and domes, its walls and groves. You are likely to find yourself immersed in the nutriments of classical learning, wondering at imperishable monuments of human civilization, and to find yourself greatly stirred up by the beating pulse of modern life, feeling an urge to create a new world. You are likely to set ideals which extend from immediate success to immortal glory. In a sense, the University of Oxford is not only a school to make you an earthly success, but also a paradise for your spiritual life. So you may enjoy a kind of satisfying isolation if you are granted an opportunity to pursue studies in the University of Oxford.
人们由于生活的哲学理念截然相反，形成了两种冲突的对立力量-----传统保守者和革新自由者。前者满足于业已建立的等级制度，后者则努力去建立一种他们认为更好的新的宇宙秩序。他们倚重的是完全不一样的东西：前者强调辉煌的往昔，后者则主要关注玫瑰般的将来。前者将自己的观点建立在人类无可否定的局限之上，后者却坚信人类有着不容置疑的无限可能性来改善自己，完美自己。若前者走远了，就会显示出对一种基本上不复存在的过去的怀念，从而会阻碍对更美好未来的追求；若后者太过了，他们会怀抱浪漫的梦想，变得不切实际。如果人生有春夏秋冬四季，我们往往在春夏秋冬是革新自由者，但到了秋冬两季很有可能慢慢转变成传统保守者。比如，著名现代主义诗人艾略特在他的早期诗歌中探索了现代西方文明在各个方面的衰败，但在晚期作品中，他却十分关注稳定和秩序The former are complacent with the established hierarchies while the latter strive for a new cosmos order which
they believe will be superior to the previous one. /They each give priorities to totally different things. The former emphasize brilliant past glories while the latter are chiefly concerned about the rosy future. / The former based their views on man’s incontestable limitations while the latter stand on his indisputable infinitude of possibilities in improving and perfecting themselves./ If the former go too far, they may display some nostalgia for a largely nonexistent past, which may handicap the pursuit of a still better future./ If the latter goes too far, they tend to cherish some dreams too romantic to be practical./ If human life consists of spring, summer, autumn and winter, we are inclined to be liberals in spring and summer, but there is every likelihood that we may turn ourselves into conservatives by degrees in autumn and winter./ For example, the famous modernist poet Elliot explored in his early poetry various aspects of decay of civilization in the modern Western world, but he attached much importance to stability and order in his later works.
个性和对生活的看法是因人而异的。从生物宿命论的观点来看，一个人是无法逃脱基因的特制的。从社会宿命论的观点来看，一个人则无法逃脱社会环境，或者说，他的世界观基本上受经济社会地位支配。在古代，人们认为体内有四种液体，即血液、黏液、胆汁和黑胆汁，这四种液体在一个人身上的比例决定了一个人的脾性。因此，如果我们大多数人不是独自生活在荒野里，我们肯定要与不同的性格和不同的世界观的人发生各种关系。为享有舒适的环境，我们应该努力的使这些关系更加和谐。首先我们应该欣赏多样性，而不是为多样性而感到苦恼.第二，我们绝不可干涉别人的私事；绝不可嘲笑别人的品位。第三，我们应该为别人有着不同于我们的追求的喜好而感到高兴。第四，我们应该尽量避免很有可能亲戚争论的话题。第五，我们不应该希望像两个律师或者政治家一样彼此彼此没完没了的摆道理来解决一切问题。第六，我们应该记住美德和智慧可能有多种形式。第七，我们应该尽量避免引起坏脾气的各种途径和原因。当然，我们只是提供了几条努力构建和谐人际关系的原则，你还可以根据你的生活经历加上一些新的原则。Personalities and views on life vary from individual to individual. In the light of biological determinism, one can not escape from hereditary traits. In the light of social determinism, one can not escape from social environment; in other words, one’s world outlook is largely determined by his economic-social status. In ancient times, people were believed to have four different cardinal humors, namely blood, phlegm, choler and black bile, whose relative proportions in a person determined his mental qualities. Therefore, if most of us should not live alone in wildness, we are sure to have various relations with people of different personalities and world outlooks. We should endeavor to make these relations more harmonious so as to enjoy more comfortable surroundings. Firstly we should appreciate diversities rather than feel distressed by diversities. Secondly, we should never intrude on others’privacy, or never ridicule other’s tastes. Thirdly, we should take delight in others’ pursuits different from our own. Fourthly, we should avoid as far as possible having subjects which are most likely to cause disputation. Fifthly, we should not wish to settle everything by contending endlessly with each other just like two lawyers or two politicians. Sixthly, we should remember that virtues and wisdom may be displayed in various forms. Seventhly, we should cut off as far as possible the means and causes of ill-temper. Of course, we have only offered a list of principles in an effort to build up harmonious relationships between people, and you may add more to the list from your own life experiences.
作者认为，国际主义情怀与世界主义情怀有着根本的差异。具有民族主义情怀是培养国际主义精神的先决条件。国际主义和平主张反对任何形式的战争，不是毁灭各国之后的和平。他相信，一个人对另一个民族的特性越赞赏，就越不会试图模仿这个民族的特性，因为民族特性深刻，无法模仿，大部分人的问题在于仅仅凭着一些短暂的印象，就对某一个民族的特性
做出过于笼统的概括。另外，我们应该明白，从最宽泛的意义上说，语言可以被看作是一个名族的象征标志，因为语言包含了这个名族的生活方式，思维模式以及他们的历史文化背景。语言和文化相互联系、相互依存。因此，如果你希望了解某一民族的特性，学习他们的语言、了解他们的文化极其重要.The author holds that there is an essential difference between being international and being cosmopolitan. Being national is an essential prerequisite of fostering international spirit. International peace advocates opposition to war in any form and not a peace after the destruction of nations. He believes that the more a man really appreciates and admires the character of another nation, the less he will attempt to imitate it, for it is too deep to imitate. The problem with most people is that they tend to make a sweeping generalization of the character of a particular nation just based on some fleeting impressions. In addition, we should understand that language could be deemed as the symbolic designation of a people in the broad sense, for it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their way of thinking. Language and culture are interrelated with and interdependent upon each other. Therefore, it is extremely important to study their language and acquire knowledge of their culture if you wish to understand the character of a certain nation.
我们的时代正经历着翻天覆地的变化，新事物如雨后春笋般地涌现。电脑技术的发展极大地改变了我们的生活。网络艺术是最新型的艺术，其特点与我们传统概念中的完成不同，有的人甚至不把它看成是艺术。他可能有多种多样的形式。他可能是平面艺术那令人眼花缭乱的画面展现，也可能是数字，动态的视觉表现。创作网络艺术作品的技术也是多种多样。有的人可能使用遥控机器人，也有人可能使用动画技术以及网页浏览器。但是，人们认为，网络艺术依旧处在初级阶段，远远没有成熟。它与传统艺术最明显的区别是观赏者的积极参与。怎样将作品推销出去是网络艺术经营者面临的主要问题。他们承认很难推销这样的艺术品。我们知道未来是神秘的。未知的，但是我们又想，将来是不是由我们今天的行为造就的呢？假如我们今天的行为会影响将来，那么明天艺术将会是怎么样的呢Our age has been witnessing earth-shaking changes and new things have been springing up like mushrooms. Advances in computer science have altered our life a great deal. Online art is the latest type of art, whose features are totally different from those in our traditional concept, and some people even exclude it from the scope of art. It may assume various forms. It could be a dizzying display of graphical art and it could be a digital, dynamic visual expression. The technologies applied to produce online art works are likewise varied. Some people may use tele-robotics and some may use flash animation and Web browser. It is believed, however, online art is still in its formative stage, far from being mature. Its most striking difference from traditional art is the active involvement of the viewer. How to sell their works is the chief problem online art dealers are confronted with. They admit that online art works are a tough sell. We know that the future is mysterious and unknown, but we also wonder whether the future is created by our present actions. If our present actions should affect the future, what would be art like tomorrow?
Lesson One: The Time Message Elwood N, Chapman 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look a head, you think you have more time than you need. For Example,at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands, but toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties (duty), so you get worried. What is the answer? Control! 译：时间真是不好对付，既难以控制好，又很容易浪费掉，当你向前看时，你觉得你的时间用不完。例如，在一个学期的开始，你或许觉得你有许多时间，但到学期快要结束时，你会突然发现时间快用光了，你甚至找不出时间把所有你必须干的事情干完，这样你就紧张了。答案是什么呢？控制。 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. I f you don't make it work fo r you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one Problem. 译：时间是危险的，如果你控制不了时间，时间就会控制你，如果你不能让时间为你服务，它就会起反作用。所以，你必须成为时间的主人，而不是它的奴仆，作为刚入学的大学生，妥善安排时间是你的头等大事。 3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste,the easier it is to go on wasting time. If seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice. 译：时间是珍贵的，浪费时间是个坏习惯，这就像毒品一样，你越浪费时间，就越容易继续浪费下去，如果你真的想充分利用上大学的机会，你就应该把利用时间的要旨付诸实践。 Message1. Control time from the beginning. 4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the Beginning of the term. 译：抓紧时间就是抓紧当前的时间，不要把事情推到明天或是下周，在学期开始就开始计划。 Message2. Get the notebook habit. 5 Go and buy a notebook today, Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the Plan for the following week.
Unit 1 1. 听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。（distress） It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failures. 2. 他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出了一副高兴的样子。（assume） He assumed an air of cheerfulness even though he lost favor with his boss. 3. 格列佛经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物。（assortment） Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and witnessed an assortment of strange people. 4. 如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你气的。（furious） He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake. 5. 我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引。（draw） We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner. 6. 等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲。（die down） The Nobel Prize winner began his speech after cheers and applause died down. 7. 他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流。（run with the crowd） He is gifted with a special sort of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd. 8. 我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。（live up to） I feel realities are after all very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals. Unit 2 1. 我的顶头上司是典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10小时以上。（workaholic） My direct superior is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round. 2. 校长十分注重课外活动，他认为课外活动有助于培养学生对于外部世界的浓厚兴趣。（extracurricular） The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students’ tremendous interest in the external world.
新职业英语·职业综合英语课文翻译 第一课谷歌 上过互联网的人都见过谷歌，许多人要在互联网上查找某方面的信息时，他们都会去“谷歌”一下。作为全世界最有名的互联网搜索引擎，谷歌是网络业界功成名就的最好范例之一。 谷歌始于1996年1月斯坦福大学博士生拉里?佩奇的一个研究项目。为了找到一种能帮助网络用户搜索到相关网页的更好方法，佩奇设想可以通过检索网页之间的关系来实现。他认为其他网页链接最多的那些网页一定是最受欢迎的，这项技术结果看起来是成功的。 佩奇和他的合作伙伴谢尔盖?布林于1998年9月7日创建了自己的公司，并在之后的一周注册了https://www.doczj.com/doc/e310448217.html,这一网址。这个搜索引擎很快声名鹊起，2000年谷歌开始在自己的网站出售广告。在投资者的热情资助下，经过几年的发展，谷歌上市了，谷歌的很多雇员一夜之间成了百万富翁。 谷歌最近收购了互联网最大的视频共享网站https://www.doczj.com/doc/e310448217.html,，而且每天都在不断增加一些新功能，如工具栏、邮件和广告。当然，成长与成功也带来了竞争。微软最近就试图收购雅虎以便能在互联网搜索引擎领域与谷歌抗衡。 随着公司的壮大与知名度的提高，谷歌在美国公司就业吸引力的排名也上升到第一。他们尝试打破传统的办公室设计，努力把办公室变成员工感觉舒适、并能充分发挥自己才华的地方。 现在，谷歌已拥有YouTube、Blogger和其他一些热门网站，并且成为网络广告收入方面的领头羊。当初两个学生的一个小点子已发展成为一家拥有十亿美元资产的大公司，谷歌也成为全球最著名的商标之一。谷歌的发展史为当今的网络企业家树立了一个完美的典范，也提供了灵感。 第二课秘书 秘书可能会有很多其他不同的头衔，例如行政助理、文员或私人助理。尽管所有这些头衔都以行政工作为主旨，但它们却反映了不同种类的秘书工作。秘书岗位十分古老，例如，古希腊和罗马的商人和政客们就曾雇用私人秘书和文员来管理他们的事务。 秘书的工作就是使办公室顺利运转。秘书的职责范围很广，依据他们所在办公室的不同而各异。就最低要求来说，秘书要处理信函，跟踪日程安排，管理文件系统，操作电话、传真机、复印机等办公设备。许多秘书还要接听电话，并将其转给适当的人员。有些秘书还要负责办公室用品的采购，他们也可能会处理预算、簿记和人事文档。秘书应当具备使用电脑和其他电子设备的经验，因为他们将处理大量的电子资料，包括往来信函。
human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experience, values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to sense of reality by giving meaning to events. 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker?s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an impli cit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as”. 生动地用词能让演讲鲜活起来！比喻，这种能产生文字图像的修辞，可以使演讲达到生动的效果。比喻要用具象的语言，分为明喻和隐喻。 明喻是指在本质上有区别但仍然有相同点的事物之间做一个明确的比较，一般句中会含有“像”或“似”。隐喻则是一种隐藏的比较，不会出现like 和as 这些连接词。 Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial constant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of
U1: 1. 他对这次面试中可能提到的问题做好了准备。（confront） He has well prepared answers to the questions that he might confront with in the interview. 2. 他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声（touch） His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cry. 3. 他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。（hand in hand） They walked hand in hand along the river, chatting and laughing. 4. 听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。（well up） Tears of joy welt up in his eyes after hearing this exciting news. 5. 上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。（in common） The people of SH can understand Suzhou hua easily as they have many things in common. 6. 亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。（look into） Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house. 7. 女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter repeated request studying abroad. 8. 我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We have locked all the expensive things away before leaving for the holiday. 9. 虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。（part）Although we have parted from each other, I hope we will remain good friends to care and help each other just like we did in the past. 10. 在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At that critical moment, the army leader summoned all the officers to work out strategies and tactics to fight with enemies. U3： 1.对不起，我迟到了，我刚才在开会脱不开身。（get away） Sorry, I’m late; I was at a meeting and could not get away. 2. 在音乐会上，歌手唱完每一首美妙动听的歌曲时，观众便高声喝彩表示赞赏。（appreciation）At the concert whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audiences would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3. 她是个穿着时髦的人，对饮食很少讲究。（stylish） As a stylish dresser, she always wears stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats and drinks. 4. 护士告诉我医生奇迹般地治好了你的心脏病。（do wonders for）The nurse told me that the doctor had done wonders for your heart disease. 5. 主席颁奖时赞美获奖者为人类做出了巨大贡献。（compliment） When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on the great contribution to mankind. 6. 这个问题许多年来使专家们迷惑不解。（bother） These problems have bothered the experts many years. 7. 警察到达后，示威的人群逐渐散开了。（melt away） The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.
因 错 得 救 那是一个阴霾的下午，杰瑞·克莱姆动身去猎浣熊。 随他同行的有他的老牧羊狗和两只猎兔犬幼仔。至少他说它们是小猎兔犬。一个月以前，当杰瑞告诉他哥哥鲍勃说自己花了五美元买了那两只小狗时，鲍勃吼笑道：“你又犯傻了，杰瑞！”因而，鲍勃称呼两只幼仔为"错误1号"和" 错误2号"。 杰瑞猎捕了好几个小时，一无所获，直到最后用尽了子弹，他不得不承认这两只幼仔无多大用处。临近傍晚，他在一棵山毛榉树高处发现了一只浣熊。这棵树四十英尺高，极古老，数年前就枯死了。树干顶部被风暴卷走了，树干本身由于腐烂和虫咬已毁损了。 然而，杰瑞还是爬上了树，想用手抓浣熊。但是他未能碰到这只动物。正当他到达残缺的树干的顶尖时，他踩的树枝在脚下不幸断裂了。他马上跳到树干的边缘，树干的边缘立刻被压断了。他一下子跌入了朽树的深洞里，事情发生的太突然了，杰瑞都没来得及叫一声。 他直摔下去，途中一根伸出的树枝挂住了他的衣服，悬空片刻，接着他又跌倒了。他颤抖地、茫然地爬起来，但奇怪的是没有受伤。
树洞里一片漆黑。他头顶上仅有圆盘大的灰蒙蒙的天空。脚下梨状小孔映出一小块淡淡的光。他可以听见两只幼仔朝着他叫，牧羊狗后退并且惊慌地叫着。 杰瑞害怕了。过了一段时间，他平静下来了，开始寻找出路。树干里没有东西可以抓着爬出去；他无法抓住帮助阻止他下跌的那根根株。他竭尽全力，却不能把脚下的那个孔踢大。求救也无用，当时他离家太远。最后他决定派狗去寻求帮助。"回家，牧羊狗，回家！"他喊道。牧羊狗尖叫一声。"回家！"他又喊了一声。牧羊狗转身飞快地跨过田野，但两只幼仔仍原地不动，用叫声鼓励着主人。 夜幕来临。暴风雨袭来。闪电在头顶上闪过，雨水浇入了树洞。树洞里的空间仅够杰瑞站着，他被雨淋透了。他曾担心自己是否会淹死在那儿。但是雨水从顶部流入的同时又从脚下的那个孔流了出去。杰瑞可以听到两只幼仔在外面呜咽。他们被暴雨吓坏了，但并没有离开。相反，它们更接近树了，用嘴穿过小孔去舔主人的脚以示安慰。 同时牧羊狗跑过田野到了克莱姆家。它猛烈地叫着，以便鲍勃跟着它返回。但是当他们到达牧羊狗回家时曾奋力跃过的那道篱笆旁时，这只狗太累了再也不能跳过去了。最后，仅靠那两只双眼充满悲伤的幼仔的叫声引导鲍勃到了那棵树前。 营救队伍花了15个小时用绳子把杰瑞从浸透了的囚笼里
NUIT1 大学已经不再特别了 有这么一种说法：“要是你能记得20世纪60年代的任何事情，你就没有真正经历过那段岁月。”对于在大麻烟雾中度过大学时光的那些人，这话可能是真的。但是，20世纪60年代有一件事人人都记得，那就是：上大学是你一生中最激动人心、最刺激的经历。 20世纪60年代，加州的高校把本州变成了世界第七大经济实体。然而，加州大学的主校园伯克利分校也以学生示威、罢课以及激进的政治氛围而著名。1966年，罗纳德?里根竞选加州州长，他问加州是否允许“一所伟大的大学被喧闹的、唱反调的少数人征服。”自由派人士回答说，大学之所以伟大正是因为它们有能力容忍喧闹的、唱反调的少数人。 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。许多抗议是针对越南战争的。可是在法国，巴黎大学的学生与工会联盟，发动了一场大罢工，最终导致戴高乐总统辞职。 20世纪60年代大学生活的特点并不仅仅是激进的行动。不论在什么地方，上大学都意味着你初次品尝真正自由的滋味，初次品尝深更半夜在宿舍或学生活动室里讨论人生意义的滋味。你往往得上了大学才能阅读你的第一本禁书，看你的第一部独立影人电影，或者找到和你一样痴迷吉米?亨德里克斯或兰尼?布鲁斯的志同道合者。那是一段难以想象的自由时光，你一生中最无拘无束的时光。 可如今那份激情哪儿去了？大学怎么了？现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱尔首相几乎实现了到2010年让50％的30岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外）。不过，大学教育已不再是全民重视的话题了。如今，大学被视为人们急于逃离的一种小城镇。有些人辍学，但大多数已经有些麻木，还是坚持混到毕业，因为离开学校实在是太费事了。 没有了20世纪60年代大学生所发现的令人头脑发热的自由气氛，如今的大学生要严肃得多。英国文化协会最近做了一项调查，研究外国留学生在决定上哪所大学时所考虑的因素。这些因素从高到低依次是：课程质量、就业前景、学费负担、人身安全问题、生活方式，以及各种便利。大学已变成实现目的的手段，是在就业市场上增加就业几率的一个机会，上大学本身不再是目的，不再是给你提供一个机会，让你暂时想象一下：你能够改变世界。 童年与大学之间的距离已缩小了，大学与现实世界之间的距离也缩小了。其中的一个原因可能和经济有关。在一个没有保障的世界里，现在的许多孩子依赖父母资助的时间比以前的孩子更长。21世纪的学生大学毕业后根本无法自立门户，因为那太昂贵了。另一个可能的原因是通讯革命。儿子或女儿每学期往家里打一两回电话的日子一去不复返了。如今，大学生通过手机与父母保持着脐带式联系。至于寻找痴迷无名文学或音乐的同道好友，没问题，我们有互联网和聊天室来帮助我们做到这一点。
Presenting a speech （做演讲） Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through 在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。我们用语言 language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit 来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识， knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. 传承文化。事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events]. 和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在 具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。 ——语序的调整。 Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately. 好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。词语是演讲者演讲的重要“武器”，具有特殊的用途，这和任何其他的工作技艺没什么两样。作为演讲者，必须知道词语的具体含义，也要懂得如何做到用词准确、清晰、生动、适当。 Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately to a accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in the dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?”Choose words that are precise and accurate. 演讲者准确地使用语言和会计准确使用数字是一样重要的。确定词意后再措词。如果不确定，请先查词典。当你在准备演讲的时候，要不断地问自己：“我到底要说什么？我到底想表达什么意思？”用词一定要精准。 Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this [by using familiar words （that are known to the average person and require no specialized background）; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter]. 用词清晰可以让听众迅速理解你的意思（抓到你的点）。要做到这一点，就要尽量使用一般人都熟悉的不需要专业知识就能懂的词语；多用具象词汇少用抽象词汇；还有要减少口误。 Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way (to make your speech vivid)|is through imagery，or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things （that are essentially different yet have something in common）; it always contains the words “like”or “as”. Metaphor is an implicit
Unit1 1. She doesn’t seem to get along with her new classmates. 2. I’d been out of touch with Mary for year, but I managed to reach her by phone yesterday. 3. The veteran enjoys showing off his medals to everyone who visits him. 4. He husband seems very much opposed to her going abroad. 5. As Thomas couldn’t settle down in his job, his parents were very worried. 6. I always have all kinds of bits and pieces in my pockets. 7. Her mother pulled a few strings to get her into the business circle. 8. I hope the food is to your liking. 9. I told the boys off for making so much noise. Unit2 1. He resolved to work on the complicated project immediately. 2. They saw an old man knocked over by a car coming from the opposite direction. 3. He walked unsteadily / stumbled along in the dark, groping for the light-switch. 4. After three month’s illness, he found it difficult to rise to his feet again. 5. Owing to the staff shortage, the task could not be fulfilled on schedule. 6. During the period of depression, the company was running into financial difficulties. 7. When the blind girl got on the crowded bus, the passengers made room for her. 8. He at last managed to hold on to the rock on the cliff and stopped himself from slipping. Unit3 1. Mother immediately sent Tom for the doctor. 2. She failed to bake the cake as she had run out of sugar. 3. I know how desperately busy you are now. 4. The whole class roared with laughter at Tom’s slip of the tongue. 5. Such things as needles and scissors should be kept out of the reach of children. 6. The soldiers stood under the burning scorching sun, drenched with sweat. 7. He returned to his own country / motherland in the end. Unit4 1. Obviously I overestimated my sense of direction. Net time, I will remember to bring along a map with me. 2. The mother is not thoroughly disillusioned with her selfish unfilial son. 3. She has no knack for saying the right thing at the right time. 4. He and football were meant for each other from the start. 5. My boss assigned me the secretarial work for the first month. 6. If a driver breaks traffic rules, are there any alternatives to a fire? 7. Being a clumsy person, he often subjects himself to ridicule. Unit5 1. Did James have supper with you on the night in question? 2. The coach was satisfied with the ultimate victory of the match. 3. To remove the linguistic barriers in communication among the people of the world, linguists have embarked on the study of a new universal language. 4. The emergence of joint-venture enterprises has increased our opportunities to have contact with foreigners. 5. Mother asked him to gather up the bits and pieces of his belongings from the desk and put them
目录 Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life (1) Unit1 Text B American Family Life: The Changing Picture (4) Unit2 Text A The Freedom Givers (10) Unit3 Text A The Land of the Lock (14) Unit3 Text B Why I Bought A Gun (16) Unit4 Text A Was Einstein a Space Alien? (21) Unit5 Text A Writing Three Thank-You Letters (25) Unit6 Text A The Last Leaf (28) Unit7 Text A Life of a Salesman (33) Unit7 Text B Bricklayer's Boy (41) Unit8 Text A Human Cloning: A Scientist’s Story (47) Unit8 Text B Second Thoughts on Cloning (50) Unit1 Text A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life 多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂Jim Doherty 1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors'
Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life Jim Doherty 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。 这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。 但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降
到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆