SBⅠModule 1
My First Day at Senior High
重点词语讲解
1.enthusiastic adj. 热情的
He is enthusiastic about helping others. 他热心助人。
He doesn't know much about the subject, but he's very enthusiastic.
他对这事所知不多, 但却极感兴趣。
His idea received an enthusiastic response.他的想法获得热烈的响应。
2. amaze vt. 使惊异; 使惊奇; 使吃惊
amazed adj. 感到惊讶的amazing adj. 令人惊异的
Her knowledge amazes me. 她的学识令我吃惊。
It amazed me to learn that he had been promoted.得知他已晋升使我惊奇。
We were amazed that he refused to help us.他拒绝帮助我们,我们感到惊讶。
His amazing intelligence led him to make many discoveries.
他惊人的智力使他有很多发现。
3. instruction n.指示；命令；[pl.]用法说明；操作指南；（输入计算机的）指令
The doctor's instructions must be fulfilled exactly.医生的指示必须严格遵行。
The teacher gave them instructions to arrive early tomorrow morning.
老师命令他们明天早晨要早到。
Be sure to follow your teacher’s instructions while doing an experiment.
做实验时务必按照老师的话去做。
Before you take the medicine, you should read the instructions on the bottle carefully.
在服药之前，你应当仔细看药瓶上的用法说明。
4. method n.方法; 办法; 条理; 秩序
【注意】method指科学的、合乎逻辑的有效方法，侧重指较高层次的有系统的方法,其后可接of短语,不接不定式。
Our teacher is showing us a new method of writing.老师告诉我们一种书写的新方法。
If you want to solve the problem, you must use method, rather than luck.
要是你想解决问题，就要讲究方法，不要凭运气。
If you had used more method, you wouldn't have wasted so much time.
要是你安排得更有条理些,就不会浪费那么多时间了。
5.bore vt. 烦扰，使厌烦bored adj. 厌烦的boring adj.令人厌烦的
The long speech bored us all. 那冗长的演讲使我们都感到厌烦。
He always bores her with the same story.
他总是重复同样的故事, 使她觉得厌烦。
I’m bored by history dates, battles and the like.
我让历史书上的日期、战争之类的事给烦透了。
It is boring to listen to the same story. 听相同的故事是令人厌烦的。
His long boring story made me yawn. 他的冗长的故事听得我直打呵欠。
6. embarrass vt. 使窘迫; 使局促不安; 使尴尬; 使感到拮据
embarrassed adj. 感到为难的embarrassing adj.令人困窘的; 令人为难的
She was embarrassed when they kept telling her how clever she was.
他们不停地说她聪明,令她感到不好意思。
A large family embarrassed him.他子女多, 这使他经济拮据。
I was embarrassed, because I had no idea.我因为没有主意而不知如何是好。
I don't like making speeches in public; it's so embarrassing.
我不喜欢在公开场合演说，太难为情了。
7. attitude n.姿势; 态度; 看法; 姿势
take a correct attitude towards…对…抱正确态度
What I was surprised at was his attitude towards his study.
我所吃惊的是他对学习的态度。
From different stands there follow different attitudes.不同的立场就有不同的态度。
As you get older, your attitude towards death changes.
人随著年龄的增长，对死亡的看法也会有所改变。
They sat around in easy attitude. 他们以舒适的姿势围坐在一起。
8. behaviour n. [U] 行为; 举止;表现
An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour.
不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为.
Such behaviour lost him our trust.他这种行为使得我们不再信任他了。
Someday you will answer for your foolish behaviour.
总有一天你将因你的愚蠢行为而受到惩罚。
behave vi. 行为; 举止; 待人; 表现; 举止端正; 守规矩
The boy behaved as if he were an adult.这个男孩表现得像个大人。
Behave yourself; don't make a fool of yourself. 注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。
It's hard to train children to behave well at the table.
培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。
Y ou must promise to behave at the party before I can consider taking you along.
你必须承诺在晚会上规规矩矩,我才考虑带你们去。.
9. *previous adj.先的; 前的; 以前的
His previous attempt was successful.他以前的尝试成功了。
In previous times, I didn’t realize how valuable his advice was.
早先时候，我没有意识到他的意见是多么宝贵。
The previous train was delayed by the bad weather. 前一辆火车因为恶劣天气延误了。
10. description n. 描写; 描述; 记述
beyond / past description 难以形容
answer ( to ) the description与描述相符
The beauty of the sunrise is beyond description. 日出的美景难以描述。
This girl gave a vivid description of the event.
那女孩对这件事作了一番生动的描述。
11. *impress vt. 使印象深刻; 使铭记; 使感动; 使留下印象
She impressed me as a woman of great kindness.在我印象中,她是一位非常仁慈的女性。What impressed me most was that they never lost heart.
给我印象最深的是他们绝不丧失信心。
He tried to impress everything he had explained upon us.
他试图要我们把他所解释的内容都记住。
impress sb. with sth. (=impress sth. on sb. 或impress sb. sth.)使某人铭记/牢记某事
My father impressed me with the importance of work.父亲要我铭记工作的重要性。They impressed on their children the virtue of always telling the truth.
他们要孩子们明白讲实话的美德。
be impressed by / at / with 被…所感动; 使(某人)印象深刻
【注意】不用进行时
All present were impressed with / by his noble need.
所有在场的人都被他的崇高行为感动。
Walking around the city, we were impressed by the city's new look.
在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下深刻印象。
be impressed on one's mind / memory被印在脑海里; 留下很深的印象
What he said that day was deeply impressed on my memory.
他那天说的话深深地印在我的脑海里。
His words are strongly impressed on my memory.他的话使我深深铭记在心里。
12. encouragement n.鼓励; 支持; 鼓励；赞同
Praise acts as an encouragement to the young.称赞对于青年来说是一种鼓励。
Y our encouragement made me more confident of my future.
你的鼓励使我对我的未来更加有信心。
Y ou will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.
你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多么有意义。
13. *disappoint vt. 使失望; 使沮丧; 使扫兴; 破坏(计划)，使(希望)落空
I'm sorry to disappoint you, but I can't come after all.
让你失望，真抱歉，可是我实在不能来。
The experiment disappointed their hopes. 那一次实验使他们的希望落空了。disappointing adj. 令人失望的，灰心的，扫兴的
disappointed adj. (指人)失望的，扫兴的
Y our examination marks are rather disappointing. 你的成绩真叫人失望。
He was disappointed to find that his suggestions had been turned down.
发现自己的建议被拒绝了，他很失望。
He was not so disappointed because he had foreseen those difficulties.
他并不是很失望，因为他已经预见到了那种困难。
14. cover vt. 覆盖; 遮盖; 占有(面积); 采访(新闻); 包括; 包含; 论及; 走过; 支付(开支等); 弥补(损失等)
Please cover the table with a tablecloth.请把桌布盖在桌子上。
Water covers nearly third quarters of the earth's surface.
水大约覆盖了地球表面的四分之三。
He used to be sent to cover the battles during the war. 他曾经被派去做战地采访。
Do the rules cover all possible cases? 这些规则是否通用于所有可能的情形？
The discussion covered a wide range of subjects. 这次讨论涉及内容广泛。
The Red Army covered 25 000 Li on the Long March．红军长征时走了两万五千里。
How many pages have you covered? 你已读了多少页书?
Will 150 dollars cover the cost of a new bike? 一百元够不够买辆新自行车?
Fifty dollars will cover my need for the journey. 有五十元就够付这次的旅费了。
15. divide vt.分; 划分; 分配; 分享; 分担; 隔开
divide the profit分配利润
His time is divided between work and play.他把时间分别用在工作和娱乐上。
Mother divided the food into four equal shares.母亲把食物分成相同的四份。
A low wall divides our garden from our neighbour's garden.
一堵矮墙把我家的花园和邻居的花园隔开来。
The Red Sea divides Africa from Asia.红海把非洲和亚洲隔开。
divided adj.被分割的; 分开的; 对立的, 意见分歧的
a divided country分裂的国家
Public opinions are divided on this question.对于这问题,公众舆论不一致。
【辨析】divide和separate
都含“分开”的意思。divide指施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分,如: divide the candies among the children给孩子们把糖块分开。Our class is divided into four groups.我们班被分成四组。The shop assistants divided the apples into different classes.店员把苹果按级分类。separate指把原来在一起的人或物分开, 或把混杂在一起的东西分开, 有时含有强行分隔的意味, 也可指“离别”，如果指由于某种自然障碍而造成的阻隔, 其后常与from连用, 可与divide通用。Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开,好吗? The Taiwan Straits separates / divides Taiwan from Fujian.台湾海峡把台湾和福建分隔开了。
注意：被divide分开的东西在一定的条件下具有统一性，被separate分开的东西没有统一性。
16. similar adj.相像的; 相似的; 近似的
be similar to…与…相似be similar in在…相似
The products of these two factories are similar. 这两家工厂的产品很相似。
Y our views on education are similar to mine.你的教育观点和我的类似。
This city appears similar to mine, but I’m not familiar with it at all.
那座城市和我的城市很相似，但我对它一点也不熟悉。
My wife and I have similar tastes in music.我妻子与我有相似的音乐爱好。
【辨析】similar，like与alike
similar指有明显的共同性质, 但不完全一致或同一。like指事物在外貌、性质或特征上非常相似以致区别不开，但并非同一。alike意义同like，但只能作表语。
A similar mistake occurs at the end of the paragraph. 这一段末尾有一个类似的错误。Like thinking produces like ideas. 相似的思维产生相似的主张。He and his brother are very alike. 他们兄弟俩太相似了。
17. in other words 换句话说; 也就是说
The woman has stopped crying，in other words，she calmed down.
妇女停止了哭泣,也就是说,她平静下来了。
Y ou failed the exam this time．In other words, you didn't pass the exam this time.
你这次没有通过考试。换句话说，你这次考试没及格。
To help students develop the social skills, schools offer a large number of after-school activities, in other words, activities that take place outside classroom lessons.为帮助学生发展社交技能，学校安排大量的课外活动，即在教室里上完课后进行的活动。
18. look forward to sth. / doing sth. 期待某事物/ 做某事
I am looking forward to seeing you again. 我盼望再见到你。
Mary is looking forward to a birthday gift. 玛丽期待着一份生日礼物。
Xiao Ming looked forward to visiting the moon by spaceship day and night.
小明日夜盼望着能够乘坐宇宙飞船到月球上去参观。
19. far from 离…很远; 远远不
The sun is far (away) from the earth. 太阳离地球很远。
Y our home is not far from here。So you needn’t have left in such a hurry then．
你家离这儿不远，因此你当时没必要匆匆忙忙的。
Looking back on it, one realizes that it was far from being a satisfactory conference.
回顾过去，人们会意识到那不是一次成功的会议。
Your work is far from (being) satisfactory. 你的工作远远不能令人满意。
20.nothing like 一点也不象; 没有什么能比得上
Her cooking is nothing like as good as yours. 她做饭的手艺绝比不上你。
The town offers entertainments of a kind, but nothing like what you'll find in the city.
镇上有些所谓的娱乐, 但与城里的截然不同。
21. take part in 参加(某一活动并发挥作用)
He makes it a rule to take part in some physical labor though he is old.
虽然年龄已大，他仍习惯于参加一些体力劳动。
Every summer vacation I'll take part in social practice.每年暑假我都参加社会实践。【辨析】take part in, attend和join(in)
take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用；part前有修饰语时，要用不定冠词a／an。Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery. 林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。The leading group decided to tell all the workers to take part in the strike. 领导小组决定通知所有的工人参加罢工。
attend主要指出席，参加某一活动，强调出席者只是在其中“听”或“看”等，不起积极作用，主要指参加会议；上课(学)；参加典礼(葬礼)；听演讲等。They went to their school to attend a get-together. 他们去学校参加联欢会去了。
join可指参加某一团体或组织，成为其中一员，也指参加某项正在进行着的活动，但不如join in常用。Do you know how many people joined the organization? 你知道有多少人参加了那个组织吗? Will you join us? 你参加我们的活动，好吗?
join in多指参加比赛或活动，参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏、谈话等某项具体活动，常用于口语。有时join in后不跟宾语。I first just watched the game，then was invited to join in. 我起初只是看比赛，后来被邀请参加。
join (sb.) in join…in中的join为及物动词，须接人称代词宾语。in后接表示某项活动的名词或动名词，意为“和……一起”。Will you join us in playing basketball now? 现在和我们一起打篮球好吗? They watched the game，and then they were invited to join in it. 他们先是观看比赛，后来又被邀请参加。
活学活用：
（1）He _____ yesterday’s lecture and found it interesting.
（2）The teacher _____ us in the experiment.
（3）Thousands of workers _____ the strike.
（4）Did you _____ the meeting last week?
Answers:（1）attended （2）joined（3）took part in（4）attend
22. 倍数表达法
1) 倍数+ as + 形容词原级+ as …(是…的…倍)
倍数+ as + many + 可数名词+ as …(是…的…倍)
倍数+ as + much + 不可数名词+ as …(是…的…倍)
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。/ 亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
This box is three times as heavy as that one.
这个箱子是那个箱子的三倍重。/ 这个箱子比那个箱子重两倍。
They have twice as many students as our school.他们学生的数量是我们学校的两倍。
They need four times as much water as they had.
他们需要水的数量是他们所有数量的四倍
2) 倍数+ 比较级+ than…(比…倍)
The meeting-room is three times bigger than our office.
会议室比我们的办公室大三倍。/会议室是我们办公室的四倍大。
Our total income of 2006 increased three times more than that of 2004.
我们2006年的总收入比2004年的增加了两倍。
3) 倍数+ 名词( 如：height, length，width，area等) (是…的…倍)
The moon is one-third the size of the earth.月亮是地球的三分之一那么大。
The new building is four times the height of the old one.
(=The height of the new building is four times that of the old one.)
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。或:这座楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。
I wish I had twice his strength. (=I wish I was twice as strong as he. )
我真希望我的力量比他的大一倍。
SBⅠModule 1
My First Day at Senior High
重点词语精练
1. 单项选择：
1) Despite such a big difference in ______ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that
people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.
[2007年高考湖北卷]
A. point
B. idea
C. attitude
D. sight
2) Always read the ______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
[2006年高考福建卷]
A. explanations
B. instructions
C. descriptions
D. introductions
3) What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is ______ it is long.
[2005年高考福建卷]
A. half not as wide as
B. not half as wide as
C. wide not as half as
D. as wide as not half
4) The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly
impressed _______ my memory. [2003年上海高考春季卷]
A. to
B. over
C. by
D. on
5) It's bad _______ for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.
A. behavior
B. action
C. manner
D. movement
6) The bank is equipped with new alarm ________. We can say it’s safe and reliable
completely.
A. method
B. way
C. order
D. system
7) The book is said to be a special one, which ______ many events not found in other
history books.
A. prints
B. covers
C. refers
D. reads
8) We _______the job ________five parts, and each man did one part.
A. divided; into
B. separated ; into
C. divided; from
D. separated ; from
9)These two signatures (签名) are so _____that it’s very difficult to ______ them apart.
A. the same…tell
B. different…say
C. similar…tell
D. similarly… say
10) PE will be part of the high school graduation examinations. _________, you will have
to be strong and healthy to graduate.
A. After all
B. As a matter of fact
C. In other words
D. What’s more
11) If we are to develop the world successfully, we must make sure that everyone is able to
________ the new world we create.
A. join
B. attend
C. join in
D. take part in
12) Well, the lecture by our Chinese teacher is really _________. Y ou see, he has usually not
been on with his lesson for fifteen minutes when half of the students are so _______ that they fell asleep.
A. boring; bored
B. bored; bored
C. bored; boring
D. boring; boring
2. 选用方框内所给的词或词组的适当形式填空：（每空一词）
1) Taken according to the ____________, the medicine will have a positive effect on the
child’s disease.
2) Modern ___________ makes it possible for people to live longer than before.
3) In school most children need _______________ rather than punishment.
4) Y ou should use different __________ to solve different problems.
5) Tom gave the police a _____________ of his lost car.
6) Some people go back for their education to acquire another degree or _________ to
impress the society.
7) Slavery is the ____________ by which some people are owned by others.
8) __________ should keep away from tobacco and alcohol.
9) Most customers prefer to choose cloth themselves, rather take the advice of the sale
___________.
10) The ___________ of all my mistakes took nearly an hour.
11) This job is open to all, regardless of their _________ experience.
12) After his _________ 8,000-mile voyage around the coastlines of New Zealand and
Australia, Captain Cook continued to sail around the world.
13) Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise．___________, our minds are developed
by learning．
14) Many students are very ___________ about school activities; one of the reasons is that
they think learning from textbooks is not their only task.
15) No one believed his reason for being late that he was caught in a traffic jam, which
made him ______________
16) He is a man who ___________ well. Each time we call on him, he sees us to the door
and tells us to be careful of the cars coming and going on the streets.
17) How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have ________ only
part of the article?
18) Many beautiful fish are fast ___________ because of the severe pollution.
19) What ____________ me most was that they never lost heart even when they failed once
again.
20) Y ou will _____________ them if you don't go. They will be expecting you.
21) The interest shall be _________ _________ five parts, according to the agreement
made by both sides,” declared the judge.
22) Everyone there _______ ______ _____ the fight against the flood, including old
people.
23) This problem is ______ ______ being settled, so it has to be discussed again at
tomorrow’s meeting.
24) The Chinese _______ _________ _______ ______ the first attempt to land on the
moon after Shenzhou VI’s successful trip to space.
25) As the proverb says, “No one knows the value of health until he loses it.” _____ ______
_______, nothing is more valuable than health.
3. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子：（每空一词）
1) 在老师的教导下，她的自信心逐渐增强了。
Under her teacher’s ___________, her self-confidence gradually _______.
2) 他脸上厌烦的表情表明他已经对在此工作感到厌倦了。
The _______ expression on his face suggested that he had got ______ of the work here.
3) 她学习态度非常积极，并且她热心助人。
She shows a very positive _________ to her studies and she is also ____________ about helping others.
4) 这出戏枯燥得难以用语言来形容。
The play was ________ beyond __________.
5) 现代技术正被用来解决能源问题。
Modern ____________ is used to help solve _________ problems.
6) 在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下深刻印象。
Walking around the city, we were __________ by the city's new _______.
7) 他总是很乐观，总是在朋友情绪低落或消极时给他们鼓励。
He is always optimistic, giving ____________ to his friends when they are ________ or negative.
8) 他是个心胸宽广的人；决不会因为那么一次小小的失败而感到失望。
He’s a broad-minded person; he’ll never be ____________ by such a small ________．9) 他把一部分精力用来学习, 一部分用来锻炼身体。
He _________ his energies _________ studies and taking exercise.
10) 风景不如你描述的那么好。
The scene is __________ ________ what you __________.
Module 1 参考答案：
1. 1)-12) CBBDA DBACC DA
2.1) instructions 2) technology 3) encouragement 4) methods 5) description
6) diploma 7) system 8) Teenagers 9) assistant 10) correction
11) previous 12) amazing 13) Similarly 14) enthusiastic 15) embarrassed
16) behaves 17) covered 18) disappearing 19) impressed 20) disappoint
21) divided into 22) took part in 23) far from 24) are looking forward to 25) In other words 3. 1) instruction; grew 2) bored; tired 3) attitude; enthusiastic 4) boring; description
5) technology; energy 6) impressed; look 7) encouragement ;upset / disappointed
8) disappointed; failure 9) divides; between 10) nothing like; described
1.sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 2. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼(不可数)，exercises练习(可数)，practice(反复做的)练习take exercise 做运动 3. work, job 二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job，What interesting work it is! 4. cook, cooker cook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook. 5. police, policeman police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察The police are questioning everyone in the house. 6. problem, question problem常和困难联系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问联系，多和ask, answer连用 7. price, prize price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize The price is high/low. 8. a number of, the number of a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing. 9. in front of, in the front of in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面A boy sits in the front of the room. 10. next year, the next year next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.
英语语法专业术语表达 英语语法语语语语表达 1. Morphology 语法 2,Notional Words 语语语3, Form Words 虚语 4,Parts of Speech 语语 5,The Noun 名语 6,The Pronoun 代语 7,The Numeral 数语 8,The Verb 语语 9,The Adjective 形容语 10. The Adverb 副语 11. The Article 冠语 12. The Preposition 介语 13. The conjunction 语语 14. The Interjection 感语语15. The Particle 小品语 16. Word Building 构语法17. Conversion 语化 18. Derivation 派生 19. Composition 合成 20. Prefix 前语 21. Suffix 后语 22. Compound Words 合成语23. Classification of Nouns 名语的分语
24. Common Nouns 普通名语 25. Proper Nouns 语有名语26. Countable Nouns 可名语数27. Uncountable Nouns 不可名语数28. The Singular Form 语形式数29. The Plural Form 语形式数 30. Individual Nouns个体名语31. Collective Nouns集名语体32. Material Nouns物语名语33. Abstract Nouns抽象名语34. The Common Case普通格35. The Possessive Case所有格36, Personal Pronouns 人代语称37. Possessive Pronouns物主代语38. Self Pronouns反身代语39. Demonstrative Pronouns指示代语40. Interrogative Pronouns疑语代语不意达41. Conjunctive Pronouns语接代语42. Relative Pronouns语系代语43. Indefinite Pronouns不定代语44. Reciprocal Pronouns相互代语45. The Subjective Case主格46. The Objective Case语格47. Cardinal Numerals基语数48. Ordinal Numerals 序语数49. Fractional Numerals分语数50,Notional Verbs语意语语 51. Link Verbs语系语语 52. Auxiliary Verbs助语语 53. Modal Verbs情语语语 54. Transitive Verbs及物语语 55. Intransitive Verbs不及物语语56. Regular Verbs语语语语 57. Irregular Verbs不语语语语 58. Person人称 59. Number数 60. Tense语语 61. Voice语语 62. Mood语气
【学英语必看】 《英语语法手册》 在实用英语备受青睐的现在，大家在学习英语和准备各种考试时，总是把 听说读写放在首位，诚然，学习语言重在实践。但是，请不要忽视语法的作用，特别是在阅读和写作中，他能帮助你分析清楚句子结构，准确抓住句子的要点，更能帮你写出复杂而优美的长句。 以下为你整理《英语语法手册》全集，不需背诵记忆，只要静下心阅读一遍，就能有所收获！ 宝宝更希望你能把他们融在平时的阅读写作里. [英语语法手册]关于词类和句子成分 根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的功用将词分为若干类，叫做词类。一个 句子由各个功用不同的部分所构成，这些部分叫做句子成分。 学一个词，要学它的发音、拼法、意义，也要记它的词类；更重要的是要 了解它和其他词的关系，及其在句中作什么句子成分。如China is in East Asia(中国位于东亚)一句中的China这个单词所属的词类是名词，在句子中作主语。 词类(parts of speech) 英语的词通常分为十大类： 1）名词(noun，缩写为n.)是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔)，English(英语)，life(生活)。 2)代词(pronoun，缩写为pron.)是用来代替名词的词，如we(我们)，his(他的)，all(全部)。 3)形容词(adjective，缩写为adj.)用来修饰名词，如great(伟大的)，honest(诚实的)，difficult(困难的)。 4)数词(numeral，缩写为num.)是表示"多少"和"第几"的词，如four(四)，eighteen(十八)，first(第一)，eighth(十八)，hundred(一百)。
牛津小学英语语法复习 一、时态 1．一般现在时 （1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes，always,never”等词。 2．现在进行时, （1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now,look”. （2）基本形式： be + 动词+ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. What are you doing? Is he reading?
3. 一般过去时态 （1）表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last week, just now, yesterday”等词。 （2） be 动词的过去式: am/is—was are—were I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were…. 一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。 (4)动词过去式的变化： 不规则动词的变化： 原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came
三天搞定英语语法 英语语法分为两个部分。一个部分是词法，即词的构成和词的使用规律。另一个部分是句法，即句子的组成和句子的使用方法。 英语语法的特点可以用三句话来表示：1、每个词都有词性；2、每句话都有动词(实意动词或系动词)；3、每句话都必须符合五个基本句型。 三句话用一句话来说，就是，标出句中每一个单词的词性，找出句中所有动词，并标出其种类和相应的句子成分。理解，掌握，运用好这句话，按照一：词性；二：动词种类；三：动词相对应的句子成分；四：从句；五：非谓语动词方法就能透彻理解英语语法体系。 词的分类 词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功能，可以分成十个大类。 词类词义英语名称缩写形式例词中译 noun n. student 学生 1、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名 称。 2、代词主要用来代替名词。pronoun pron. you 你 3、形容词表示人或事物的性质或特征。adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4、数词表示数目或事物的顺序。numeral num. three 三 5、动词表示动作或状态。verb v. cut 砍、割 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 6、副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时 间、地点、程度等。 7、冠词用在名词前,帮助说明名词。article art. a 一个 preposition prep. at 在... 8、介词表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句 子成分的关系。 9、连词用来连接词、短语或句子。conjunction conj. and 和 10、感叹词表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。interjection interj. Oh 哦 词性的分类: 修饰: 形容数冠代词名词 （red）（one）（a/the）（my）wood 1.名词 代替: 代词it 形容词the red 数词one
Phonological structure音系结构 Which sound units are used and how they are put together Phonological analysis 音系学分析 Take a word, replace one sound by another, and see whether a different meaning results. (minimal pairs Phonemic contrast The relation between 2 phonemes when they occur in the same environment and distinguish meaning Phonological rule 音系规则 a formal way of expressing a systematic phonologicalprocess or sound change in language. Assimilation Dissimilation 异化 A process where 2 identical or similar phonemes changes or displaces the other one Suprasegmental/Phonological features (syllable stress tone intonation Those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments Syllable structure 音节结构(divided into rhyme and onset Componential analysis A way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. Grammatical construction 语法结构 The process of internal organization of a grammatical unit ( IC analysis Syntactic construction 句法结构 (endo/exo-centric construction Syntactic function 句法功能 Shows the relationship between a linguistic form and other parts of the linguistic pattern in which it is used Grammatical rule By which the grammaticality of a sentence is governed Grammatical relations The structural and logical functional relations of constituents Syntactic relations positional/substitutability/co-occurrence
英语语法专业术语 本次听写要求：挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上，学生按序号写出相应中文术语。（一）词类part of speech 实词notional word ['n?u??n?l] 虚词structural word/ form word (e.g. article preposition conjunction interjection) 派生词derivative [di'riv?tiv, d?'riv?tiv] 复合词compound ['k?mpaund,k?m'paund] 词性part of speech 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 单数形式singular form 复数形式plural form ['plu?r?l, 'plur?l] 抽象名词abstract noun [?b'str?kt,'?bstr?kt] 具体名词concrete noun ['k?nkri:t] 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb ['tr?nsitiv, 'tr?ns?tiv] 不及物动词intransitive verb [in'tr?nsitiv, in'tr?ns?tiv] 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb [?:g'zilj?ri] 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb ['freizl, 'freiz?l] 限定动词finite verb ['fainait] 非限定动词infinite verb ['infinit, 'inf?nit] 使役动词causative verb ['k?:z?tiv] 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 形容词adjective 比较等级degrees of comparison ☆原级positive degree ☆比较级comparative degree
?一般情况下，直接加s 如：read-reads，swim-swims ?以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾，加es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does ?以辅音字母＋y结尾，变y为i，再加es 如：study-studies，fly-flies ?不规则变化如：have-has 4、一般现在时的句型转换： 肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答 They watch TV every day.They don’t watch TV every day. —Do they watch TV every day? —Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. She watches TV She doesn’t watch— Does she watch TV every day?
every https://www.doczj.com/doc/e73358467.html, every day.—Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. 现在进行时 1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有now，look，listen等词。 如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room. 2、构成：be动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing） 3、动词现在分词构成： ?一般是在动词原形后加ing 如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking ?以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing 如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking ?以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加ing 如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get- getting，begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting 4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。 如：Asking the way My hobby is collecting stamps. He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换： 肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答 —Is he running now? He is running now.He isn’t running now. —Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t.
大学英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如： I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间 接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给 我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
so+形容词+(a/an/the)+单数名词/复数名词 such+(a/an/the)+形容词+单数名词/复数名词 【The weather is so nice that all of us want to go to the park.】 such+adj. such为形容词 【It's such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.】 such+adj.+不可数名词或复数可数名词+that such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that=so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that 【Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.】= 【Mike is so honest a worker that we all beleve him.】 一句话，so后面直接跟形容词，后面+that再+名词。such后面加形容词后+名词再加that 最明显的区别就是用法不同： so+形容词+(a/an/the)+单数名词/复数名词 such+(a/an/the)+形容词+单数名词/复数名词 so副词，意思是“如此、这样”，后面常接形容词或副词；such形容词，意思是“如此、这样”，修饰名词，即可接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。例如： It’s such a fine day. It’s so fine a day. 从上面两例可以看出： such修饰单数可数名词时，不定冠词a/an通常放在such之后紧挨着；而so则不同，不定冠词位置不同。其结构分别为： such a/ an +形容词+单数可数名词； so +形容词+a/an+单数名词。 such除了修饰单数可数名词外，还可以修饰复数名词和不可数名词，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词。 如果复数名词前有few，many等形容词；不可数名词前有little，much等形容词，就必须用so，而不能用such，例如： The camel had such a long neck. 骆驼长着那样长的脖子。 Don’t make so much noise! 别那么大声嚷嚷ch和so的区别习题 悬赏分：10 | 提问时间：2009-7-30 15:45 | 提问者：CS666666OL 我就是要such和so的专项区别习题! 例：Today is___such____bad weather. 填such或such a或so或so a 填such 因为weather 是不可数名词 so后面接形容词，such后面接名词或名词短语 so副词，意思是“如此、这样”，后面常接形容词或副词；such形容词，意思是“如此、这样”，修饰名词，即可接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。例如： It’s such a fine day. It’s so fine a day. 从上面两例可以看出： such修饰单数可数名词时，不定冠词a/an通常放在such之后紧挨着；而so则不同，不定冠词位置不同。其结构分别为： such a/ an +形容词+单数可数名词；
英语语法专业术语 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable no 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concrete noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective
副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place
被动语态 现在范畴一般现在时am/is/are made 现在进行时am / is /are being made 现在完成时has/have been made 过去范畴一般过去时was/were made 过去进行时was/werebeingmade 过去完成时had been made 将来范畴一般将来时shall/will be made 将来完成时shall/will have been made 过去将来时should/would be made 过去将来完成时should/would have been made 1. 被动语态的各种时态 被动语态（The Passive Voice）是动词的一种形式，表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。被动 语态便于论述客观事实，故常用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍以及景物描写。被动语态没有将来进行时、过去将来进行时和完成进行时形式。 (1) 一般现在时的被动语态 I am not so easily deceived. 我不会轻易上当受骗的。 Computers are widely used in the world. 计算机在世界范围内得到广泛应用。 (2) 一般过去时的被动语态 The car was seriously damaged. 汽车受到严重损坏。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是由中国传入欧洲的。 (3) 现在进行时的被动语态 The question is being discussed at the meeting. 这个问题现在正在会上讨论。 The children are being taken care of by their aunt. 孩子们现在正由其姑妈照看。 (4) 过去进行时的被动语态 When I called, tea was being served. 当我来访时，正值上茶之际。 When they arrived，the experiments were being made. 他们到达时，实验正在进行。
重点语法知识 冠词： ?不定冠词： a/an 表示不确定的“某一个” a用在辅音开头的名词前 an用在元音(a、e、i、o、u )开头的名词前 an + apple 、orange、 egg、elephant、 insect 、umbrella、 old、 hour、 honest ?定冠词：the表示特定的这个或那个 the sun 定冠词the用于特指、独一无二（the sun）、形容词最高级、序数词、海洋江河山脉岛屿等专有名词（the Yangtze River）、方位词、乐器（play the piano）、时间（in the morning） ?零冠词：球类运动（play football）、时间（at night）、季节月份星期（in spring ,in September, on Monday）、 名词复数: ?一般情况,单词变复数只需加s,如book—books, friend→friends; cat→cats ?凡是以s、ss, z、x、ch、sh或o结尾的词，后面只需加es。如； bus→buses; fox→foxes；等。 ?结尾以y ，而y之前是元音字母的话，只需加s 就行了。如； toy—toys、boy—boys.如果y前是辅音，去y加ies ?以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves。例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves。反例：roof→roofs ?以o 结尾的词，有生命加es 如；potato--- potatoes。但没有生命的加s (除个别特殊的) ?不规则变化单词 child---children tooth---teeth man…men woman…women mouse…mice foot…fe et ?单复数相同的词；fish sheep deer …… ?如果是不可数，例如液体，粉状的没有单复数形式。 如water milk jam meat flour rice power paper cloud honey sugar rice bread salt air juice pepper grass work
英语语法专业术语表达( The Noun 名词 The Pronoun 代词 The Numeral 数词 The Verb 动词 The Adjective 形容词 The Adverb 副词 The Article 冠词 The Preposition 介词 The conjunction 连词 The Interjection 感叹词Classification of Nouns 名词的分类Common Nouns 普通名词 Proper Nouns 专有名词Countable Nouns 可数名词Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词The Singular Form 单数形式 The Plural Form 复数形式Individual Nouns个体名词Collective Nouns集体名词
Material Nouns物质名词Abstract Nouns抽象名词 The Possessive Case所有格Personal Pronouns 人称代词Possessive Pronouns物主代词Self Pronouns反身代词Demonstrative Pronouns指示代词Interrogative Pronouns疑问代词Conjunctive Pronouns连接代词Relative Pronouns关系代词Indefinite Pronouns不定代词 The Subjective Case主格 The Objective Case宾格Cardinal Numerals基数词Ordinal Numerals 序数词Fractional Numerals分数词Notional Verbs实意动词 Link Verbs 连系动词 Auxiliary Verbs助动词 Modal Verbs情态动词 Transitive Verbs及物动词Intransitive Verbs不及物动词
第三节写作中真正实用的英语语法 据考证，“语法”一词源于希腊语“Grammatike”，意指体现于写作过程中的“文字的技巧”，它是语言运用的规则，构建句子的框架，遣词造句的黏合剂，也是英语各项技能的基础，尤其在写作过程中起着举足轻重的作用。 但四、六级考试改革中对语法题目的减少使很多人误以为语法的地位被削弱，加之近年来重视综合技能的各类语言理论的出现，使得一部分考生在写作复习过程中完全摈弃对语法部分的准备，久而久之，形成了“轻语法，重语感”的习惯。而另一部分考生则缺乏必要的语法运用能力，他们可以准确解答语法题目，却不能在作文中灵活运用语法写出漂亮句子。这些考生文章的共同特点就是只有其意，不见其形。 语言是思维的外衣，准确的语法是高分作文的重要必备条件。如果考生能在写作中娴熟地运用语法技巧，就可以使文章逻辑严密，形神兼备。 鉴于语法体系庞大繁杂而备考时间有限，此节内容无法涵盖整个语法体系，只能选择写作中出现频率较高的语法进行重点讲解，如状语前置、倒装、虚拟语气、强调句等，并辅以例句讲解，希望能够帮助考生扫除写作中的语法障碍，轻松闯关。 状语前置 一般而言，英语句子中，状语成分的位置是可前可后的。但状语的前置是六级作文中常用的句式。所谓状语前置，就是把修饰动词的状语结构，如分词短语，介词短语，动词不定式结构等放到句首。 这一句式的最大优点就是断句自然，让单调的句子有跳跃的节奏感。请看下面句子： 1）With the expansion of industrialization, requirement for energy all over the world is on the rise.（随着工业化进程的发展，全世界的能源需求都在增加。） 2）Once lushly forested, this region has seen more than 80% of its original vegetation cut down or burned. (这个地区曾经丛林密布，但现在80% 的原生植被被砍伐或焚烧。) 3）To reach millions of people who watch television, advertisers are willing to pay big money. (为了能抓住千千万万的电视观众，广告商们不惜花费巨额资金。) 在以上例句中，状语的前置使得句子结构分明，避免了后置的平庸化，尤其是第二个句子中的状语部分，既简洁又有力，本身就是一个出彩的表达，如果放置到句尾就不会出现这种效果了。而第三句中不定式目的状语的前置还在一定程度上起到了强调的作用。 倒装 倒装又分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did等,并将其置于主语之前。倒装的作用是为了强调或平衡句子结构。 倒装本身是较复杂的高级结构，如果在六级写作中能加以正确运用，就特别
牛津英语A牛津英语语 法和练习题 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
（四） 一、用所给词的适当形式填空： 1 This is _____(I) new classmate._____(she) name’s Sally. 2 That’s _____(we) English teacher. 3 _____(he) brother is my classmate. 4 _____(I) deskmate is Jill,_____(she) hair is long. 二、读句子，用适当的代词填空。 1Jack is my friend.______ sister is Kitty. 2What’s Jack’s sister’s name_ ____ name’s Kitty. 3Mr Li is our teacher.______ has got a red car. 4Who’s you r father?The tall man is _____ father. 5Has your brother got a big ball?No,_____ hasn’t. 6My father is a doctor._____is tall._____ car is black. 7-Is that ____ ruler- Yes,it’s _____ ruler. 8Eddie and I are cclassmate.That’s _____ classroom, 9-Are ____ in Class2 Yes,___ am. 10Look at these trees.____ are tall and green.______ roots(根) are long.
易错与易混淆的知识点! 1、［误］Please give me a paper. ［正］Please give me a piece of paper. ［析］不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词，这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了，所以造成了这样的错误，因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达，如：two pieces of paper. 2、［误］Please give me two letter papers. ［正］Please give me two pieces of letter paper. ［析］paper作为纸讲是不可数名词，而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词，如：Each student should write a paper on what he has learnt. 3、［误］My glasses is broken. ［正］My glasses are broken. 4、［误］I want to buy two shoes. ［正］I want to buy two pairs of shoes. ［析］英语中glasses—眼镜，shoes—鞋，trousers—裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。如：5、This pair of glasses is very good. ［误］May I borrow two radioes? ［正］May I borrow two radios? ［析］以o结尾的名词大都是用加es来表示其复数形式，但如果o前面是一个元音字母或外来语时则只加s就可以了。这样的词有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos. 6、［误］This is a Mary's dictionary. ［正］This is Mary's dictionary. ［析］如名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时，则不要再加冠词。 7、［误］There are much people in the garden. ［正］There are many people in the garden. ［析］可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰，而people是可数名词，而且是复数名词，如：The people are planting trees here.