（1）把握大局：grasp the overall situation? (2) 摆谱儿?：put on airs;keep up appearances? (3)白手起家: start from scratch??
(4)拜年：pay New Year call? (5)班门弄斧：teach one's grandma to suck eggs? (5)保质期：guarantee period (6)报销：apply for reimbursement? (7)爆冷门：produce an unexpected answer (8)曝光：make public (9)奔小康：strive for a relatively comfortabl e life (10)闭门羹：given cold-shoulder （11）比上不足，比下有余：fall short of the best,but be better than the best (12)逼上梁山：be driven to drastic alternatives (13)变相涨价：disgu ised inflation (14)边远贫困地区：outlying poverty-stricken ar eas (15)边缘知识人：Marginal intellectuals (16)表面文章：Lip service;surface formality (17) 博导： supervisor (18)补发拖欠的养脑筋：Clear up pension payments in arrears (19)不眠之夜：w hite night (20)菜鸟：green hand (21)产品科技含量 technoligica l element of a product(22)长江三角洲：Yangtze River delta (23)长江中下游：the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River
(24)超前消费:pre-mature consumption (25)城镇居民最低生活保障：
a minimum standard of living for residents (26)城镇职工医疗保险制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers (27)重复建设：buiding redundant project;duplication of similar pr ojects (28)充值卡：rechargeable card (29)春运：passenger tran sport around the Chinese lunar new year (30)打破僵局：break t
he deadlock/stalemate (31)电脑盲：computer illiterate (32)点球：penalty kick (33)电视会议：video conference (34)电视直销：TV home shopping (35)定向培训：training for specific posts (3 6)动感电影：multidimensional movie (37)豆腐渣工程：jerry-buil t projects (38)对...毫无顾忌：make no bones about (39)夺冠：t ake the crown (40)政治多元化：political pluralism (41)服务行业：catering industry (42)复合型人才：inter-disciplinary tale nt (43)岗位培训：on-the-job training （44）高等教育自学考试：s elf-study higher education examination (45)高新技术产业开发区：high and new technological industrial development zone (4 6)各大菜系：major styles of cooking (47)各行各业：every walk of life (48)功夫不负有心人：Everything comes to him who waits
(49)各尽其能：let each person do his best (50)公益活动：publi
c welfare activities (51)工薪阶层：state employee;salarie
d p
e rson (52)过犹不及：going too far ia as bad as not going far e nough (53)函授大学：correspondence university (54)好莱坞大片：Hollywood blockbuster (55)核心竞争力：core competitiveness (5 6)虎父无犬子：A wise goose never lays a tame leg (57)基本国情：fundamental realities o
f the country (58)激烈竞争：cut-throat competition (59)极限运动：maximal exercise/X-games(60)集中精力把经济建设搞上去：go all out for economic development (61)加班：work extra shifts (62)嘉宾:distinguished/honored guest (6
3)加快市场步伐：quicken the pace of marketization (64)假冒伪劣产品：counterfeit and shoddy products (65)减负：alleviate bur dens on sb (66)江南水乡：the south of the lower reaches of th e Yangtze River (67)教书育人：impart knowledge and educate pe ople (68)脚踏实地：be down-to-earth (69)解除劳动关系：sever l abor relations (70)扩大内需：expand domestic demand (71)拉拉队：cheering squad (72)论文答辩：(thesis)oral defence (73)马到成功：achieve immediate victory (74)三维电影/动画片：three-di mensional movie/animation (75)森林覆盖率：forest coverage (76)社会保险机构：social security institutions (77)社会热点问题：h ot spots of society (78)社会治安情况:law-and-order situation (79)申办城市：the bidding cities (80):身体素质：physical cons titution （81）生计问题：bread-and-butter issue (82)生意兴隆：business flourishes (82)市场疲软：sluggish market (83)市政工程：municipal works/engineering (84)事业单位：public institut ion （85）试用期：probationary period (86)首创精神：pioneerin g spirit (87)手机充值：cellular phone replenishing (88)台湾同胞：Taiwan compatriots (89)脱贫致富：cast off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity (90)西部大开发：Development of th e West Regions (91)新秀：up-and-coming star （92）学生处：stu dents' affairs division (93)舆论导向：direction of public opi nion (94)招生就业指导办公事：enrolment and vocation guidance
office (95)支柱产业：pillar conerstone industry (96)中专生：s econdary specialized or technical school student (97)专题报道：special coverage (98)《阿Q正传》:The True Story of Ah Q (99)《春秋》:Spring and Autumn Annals (100)知识产权：intellec tual property rights
专题一中国节日及相关表达 1.春节the Spring Festival / Chinese lunar Near Year 农历正月初一the first day of the first lunar month 农历lunar calendar 年终大扫除year-end household cleaning 春联Spring Festival couplets 年画New Year pictures 剪纸paper-cuts 团圆饭family reunion dinner 饺子dumplings 春晚Spring Festival Gala 守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 除夕Eve of Chinese New Year 辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new 拜年pay a New Year visit 红包red packets 压岁钱lucky money 放爆竹let off firecrackers 庙会temple fair 禁忌taboo 2.元宵节Lantern Festival 农历正月十五15th day of the first lunar month元宵rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜lantern riddle 灯会exhibit of lanterns 烟花fireworks 3.端午节Dragon Boat Festival 农历五月初五5th of the fifth lunar month 粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding 糯米sticky rice 粽叶bamboo leaves 舞龙dragon dance 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon-boat racing 纪念in memory of 屈原Qu Yuan 诗人poet 忠臣loyal minister 4.清明节Tomb-sweeping Day 寒食节Cold Food Festival 祭拜祖先offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 踏青go for a spring outing 5.中秋节Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival 农历八月十五15th of the eighth lunar month 月饼moon cake 赏月appreciate the glorious full moon 中国神话故事Chinese mythology 嫦娥the goddess of the moon 后羿Houyi
历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 历年专业八级考试真题：翻译 Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment（完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones （标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻的）messages that can be sent from one human to another. 参考译文： 欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈：你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。然而，享用昂贵的东西并不完全是富人的特权，除非我们放弃社会选择的权利。我们有权利使歌剧和其他昂贵的文化形式面向大众，面向那些个人没有支
01到14年专八汉译英真题及答案： 2014年本题是一篇典型的文学翻译，原文选自老舍名篇《我的母亲》。老舍的作品生活气息浓郁，语言朴实直白。因此，在翻译本篇时不仅要注意忠实于文字意义，更要忠实地再现原文的语言风格，所以要避免用过于高级的词汇表达和句子结构，用平实的语句表达出原文的精神面貌。 当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。可是，我也愿意升学。我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。入学，要交十圆的保证金。这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。她不辞劳苦，只要儿子有出息。当我由师范毕业，而被派为小学校校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。 参考译文：After I graduated from primary school，relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress，I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms，books，room and board. To enter the school，I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However，after two weeks' tough effort，mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation，mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her，"you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing，only with tears streaming down her face. 2013年 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨于智慧。 Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
一、The old gentleman, however, seemed cheerful enough; and it was plain that he took an interest in the strangers, and wished to make their acquaintance. This was soon effected by the friendly waiter; and after a little talk the old man invited them to visit his villa and garden which were just outside the walls of the town. So the next afternoon, when the sun began to descend, and they saw in glimpses through door-ways and windows, blue shadows beginning to spread over the brown mountains, they went to pay their visit. It was not much of a place, a small, modernized, stucco villa, with a hot pebbly garden, and in it a stone basin with torpid gold-fish, and a statue of Diana and her hounds against the wall. But what gave a glory to it was a gigantic rose-tree which clambered over the house, almost smothering the windows, and filling the air with the perfume of its sweetness. Yes, it was a fine rose, the Conte said proudly when they praised it, and he would tell the Signora about it. And as they sat there, drinking the wine he offered them, he alluded with the cheerful indifference of old age to his love-affair, as though he took for granted that they had heard of it already. 译文： 然而,这位老先生看起来心情非常愉快;显然他对这两位陌生人很感兴趣，并愿意与他们结交.在热心的服务生的帮助下,他们很快相识了;短暂的交谈之后，老人便邀请他们去他城墙外不远的别墅与花园做客. 于是次日下午，夕阳西落,从开启的门窗轻轻瞥去,他们看到,兰色暗影已渐渐笼罩棕褐的山峦，他们便欣然动身。那里很平常,矗立着一座现代化小型别墅座，表面粉刷了一层灰泥。还有一座铺满鹅卵石的花园，园里石砌水池中有几尾金鱼慵懒地游动。靠墙的地方有一尊守猎女神及其猎犬的雕像。但是使这小园生辉的是一颗巨大的玫瑰树。树已长过屋顶，几乎完全遮住了窗户。空气中满是玫瑰的芳香。这株玫瑰的确不错，听了客人夸奖，伯爵得意地说。他还表示非常乐意把树的来历讲给夫人听。于是他们坐在那里，一边饮酒，一边听他以老年人满不在乎神情，愉快地提及他的那一段往日爱情，仿佛他相信他们对此一定早有耳闻 二、We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. 参考译文：
1. 山寨copycatting This Chinese term literally refers to the mountain strongholds of bandits. First borrowed to describe rip-off products, it has evolved to refer also to homemade products, such as video parodies of movies. 2. 囧be sunk/sunken This is an ancient Chinese character, pronounced "jiong". It means "light shining through a window". Young Chinese use it to express embarrassment, or a bad mood. Look at the character. Doesn't it look like a disappointed face? 3. 很黄很暴力very pornographic, very violent During a CCTV interview about a new Internet censorship regulation, a girl said that an uncensored Web page once popped up on her computer. She called it "very pornographic, very violent". Some believe the girl was told to say it by CCTV, so it is now used to mock the way the network covers news. 4. 槑nuts Pronounced méi, the word is a variant of the word for "梅". But it also looks like a double version of the character 呆(dai), which means stupid. So netizens have borrowed it to mean "very silly or very stupid". 5. 叉腰肌Psoas muscle Xie Yalong, the former head of the Chinese Football Association , once criticized women players, saying they have weak Psoas muscles. (This is the muscle that links the trunk to the legs; it's important for motion.) However, nobody, including the players, knew where the muscle is. This quote is now used to mock Xie, who was recently removed from his position. 6. 打酱油get some soy sauce When a person in Guangzhou was asked to give his opinion of the sex scandal involving Hong Kong star Edison Chen (Chen Guanxi), the man answered, "It is none of my business. I am just out to get some soy sauce." People have since begun using the words to mean "it's none of my business". 7. 泡良族pick-up artists This expression refers to men who seduce married women. 8. 凤凰男Phoenix man
1996年高等院校英语专业八级考试 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e27851630.html,/tem8/tem-8-96translation.htm C-E原文： 近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。 法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多彩的或带香味的，名片上的字体纤细秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。 参考译文： Version 1: In reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing name cards and invitation letters. This reminds me of the name cards and invitation
letters of the French people that I saw when I was sojourning in Paris. In writing down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn. In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way. The French tend to take extraordinary precaution in making their name cards, simple yet elegant. Exquisitely designed and printed, their name cards are seldom golden-framed, or colorfully shiny, or tinted with fragrant smells. The letters which appearing on their name cards tend to be diminutive but beautiful, not allowing the name of the card-bearer t be overly prominent / salient. The entire card leaves much empty space, imparting no sense of over-crowdedness.
2016年专八翻译题及答案详解 “流逝”表现了南国人对时间最早的感觉。子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫。”他们发现无论是潺潺小溪，还是浩荡大河，都一去不复返，流逝之际青年变成了老翁而绿草转眼就枯黄，很自然有错阴的紧迫感。流逝也许是缓慢的，但无论如何缓慢，对流逝的恐惧使人们必须用“流逝”这个词来时时警戒后人，必须急匆匆地行动，给这个词灌注一种紧张感。 【参考译文1】 They have found that the flowing water,either a murmuring stream or a mighty river, passes quickly and never returns. With the passage of time, the young become the old and the green grass turns yellow. People naturallyhave a sense of urgency to value every bit of time. As time goes by,no matter how slowly it elapses, people always use the word “liushi” to warn thelater generations for fear of time’s flowing away. They tell their descendants to treasure every single minute and make a hurried action, which adds a sense of tension to the word. 【参考译文2】 They find that either a murmuring stream or a mighty river has gone forever and that the passage of time turns a young man into an old one, and yellows of the grass, which sends a massage of how time flies. Maybe the passing of time is slow. But no matter how slow it is, it makes people so fearful that they use “passage” to warn the later generations to rush. And the use of “passage” also infuses a sense of tension into the word. 【参考译文3】
20０7年英语专业八级考试翻译原题及参考答案 C－Ｅ：暮色中,河湾里落满云霞，与天际得颜色混合一起，分不清哪就是流云哪就是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂得图画旁边，在河湾之畔,一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来,瞧一眼这美丽得黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间,在即将回家得最后一刻再次咀嚼。这就是黄河滩上得一幕。牧羊人不见了，她不知在何处歇息.只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美,让它们长得肥滚滚得，像些胖娃娃.如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱得神情,洁白得牙齿,那丰富而单纯得表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限得怜悯。 Besｉde tｈis pictuｒｅwithｐｒoｆuｓiｏnｓof colorｓ, a grｏup of sheｅp aｒe lｏwing tｈeir heads,ｅａｔing by ｔｈe riｖer bank、Hardly ｎone oｆｔｈｅｍwｏulｄspare sｏme timｅto raise their eyes tｏhａve a glaｎcｅat the bｅａutifｕｌdusk、Ｔhｅｙare, perhaps,takinｇuse oｆｅvery miｎuteｔo enjｏy ｔheｉr lasｔcｈew befoｒe bｅｉng drｉven home、This is a piｃtｕｒe ｏｆthe Yｅｌｌow River baｎk，iｎwhｉch the shepherd diｓapｐeａrs，ａnｄno onｅknoｗs where he is rｅｓｔｉｎg hｉmsｅlf、Only the ｓheep，ｈｏｗｅver,as free creatures，ａrｅ ｊoｙfullｙaｐｐreciating ｔhｅdｕsk、Tｈe exubeｒant wａte ｒpｌants ｈaｖe nｕｔritedｔｈｅshｅep, ｍaｋing ｔhem
2018 英语专八翻译技巧 由于表达习惯不同，英文中常有省略主语的现象，在翻译成汉语时要把它们译出来。情况一般有以下几种： 以抽象名词作主语，而中文的表达习惯则需要把抽象变为具体; 英文中常常会为了避免重复而多用介词，中文则不怕重复，一个词会用上好几遍;英语中的复数名词译为汉语时，常常加入这些、各种、种种等，要视具体语境情况而定。 He did not give us satisfied answer; this made us angry. 他并没有给出我们满意的答复，这种态度使得我们非常生气。 There are solutions proposed to solve the public problem. 针对这一公共问题，大家提出了种种解决方案。 同理，需要增译谓语的情况也时有出现。英语中出现两个或多个相同谓语时，常常会省略，以使句子不那么赘余，而中文中则要译出来，使其表达更加地道。英文中的介词短语译为中文时往往要增译动词，而有些英语中的名词在译为中文时也要加入相应的动词，使其意义更加完整，表达更加明确。 We went to Xiamen this week, Shenzhen next week. 我们这周去厦门，下周去深圳。 After the party, he has got a very important speech. 参加完聚会后，他还要发表一个重要讲话。 2017 英语专八翻译技巧▶时间状语的翻译 1、时间状语常常可以直接翻译，一般译到主句前。 He came in while I was watching TV. 我在吃饭的时候他进来了。 They burst into tears suddenly when they heard the sad news.
2020年常用英语热点词汇 热点话题一：环境保护 基本词汇 pollute(污染); cut down trees(砍伐树木); waste water(废水); throw rubbish around(乱扔垃圾); protect the surroundings(保护周边环境); protect rare animals(保护稀有动物); improve the environment(改善环境); save energy(节省能源) 亮点词汇 do great harm to(给……带来很大危害) preserve/protect the ecological environment 保护生态环境 raise people’s awareness of environment protection 提高人们的环保意识 care for trees and plants 爱护树木花草 ride bicycles to work 骑自行车上班 recycle textbooks/trash 课本/垃圾回收利用 take public transport 乘坐公共交通
deal with rubbish properly 正确处理垃圾 save energy/water 节约能源/水 don’t litter/spit everywhere 不随地扔垃圾/吐痰sort the garbage 分类垃圾 ban abusing plastic bags 禁止滥用塑料袋 ban smoking in public places 禁止在公共场合吸烟 热点话题二和谐社会 基本词汇 harmonious(和谐的); honest(诚实的); credible (可信的); balanced(平衡的); social order(社会秩序); peaceful(和平的); sustainable development(可持续发展); help each other(互助); care for each other(互相关心); have a liking for (喜爱); build(创建); cherish(珍惜); public morals(社会道德) 亮点词汇
1997年:English to Chinese Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are inevitably the province（范围）of the rich unless we abdicate（退位、放弃）society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible（易接近的，可达 到的）to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? No body denies the imperatives（必要的）of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse（冲动）towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation（表述、陈述）is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment （完成、成就）in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones（标准、试金石）for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire（立志、追求目标、 渴望）; they carry the most profound （深厚的、深刻 的）messages that can be sent from one human to another.
英语专业八级翻译练习题带答案2017 英语专业八级翻译练习题带答案2017 机会只对进取有为的人开放，庸人永远无法光顾。以下是小编为大家搜索整理的英语专业八级翻译练习题带答案2017，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! part 1 The next day, when their mended carriage had come up to fetch them, and they were just starting to drive away from the inn, the Conte' s old servant appeared with the rose-cutting neatly wrapped up, and the compliments and wishes for a buon viaggio from her master. The town collected to see them depart, and the children ran after their carriage through the gate of the little city. They heard a rush of feet behind them for a few moments, but soon they were far down towards the valley; the little town with all its noise and life was high above them on its mountain peak. She had planted the rose at home, where it had grown and flourished in a wonderful manner; and every June the great mass of leaves and shoots still broke out into a passionate splendour of scent and crimson colour, as if in its root and fibres there still burnt the anger and thwarted desire of that Italian lover. Of course the old Conte must have died many years ago; she had forgotten his name, and had even forgotten the name of the mountain city that she had stayed in, after first seeing it twinkling at dawn in the sky, like a nest of stars. 参考译文: 次日，他们的马车修好了,上山来接他们。在就要离开旅馆之际，伯爵的老仆赶来了，送来一根包扎整齐的玫瑰枝条，并转达了伯爵旅途愉快的祝福。小城中的居民都赶来目送他们离去，孩童们也追随在车子后面，一直跟到小城门外。开始他们还能听到身后散乱的脚步声，但不久车子便驶入山谷，而这座喧闹的小城依然高高耸立于他们头顶的山颠. 她把玫瑰种在家中.玫瑰的长势非常好,枝繁叶茂;每年六月，在片片绿叶与新芽之中，绽放出绚丽的红花，散发出浓郁的香味,仿佛它的根须之间依旧燃烧着那位意大利情人的愤怒与没能实现的渴望。当然老伯爵肯定早已去世多年;而她也记不起他的名字了，甚至连她所住过的那座小城的名字也忘记了，虽然她曾经在拂晓之时看它犹如满天的繁星在空中闪烁。
1999年：In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places. In addition, one class(一类) of family reasons shares a border（接壤、相近）with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy（使…忙（有事干）the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption（设想、假设consumption 消费）that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined（突出、显现）by its converse（反面、相反）: in some societies the failure to bear children（养孩子）(or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. Beyond all that（除了这些）is the profound（深刻的、深远的）significance of children to the very institution（结构）of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family（完整的）—they need children to enrich the circle（丰富家庭生活、拓宽生活圈子）, to validate（使…有效）its family character（家族的特征、风格）, to gather（增加、集合）the redemptive（赎回的, 用于补偿的）influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution（社会结构）uniquely（唯一）available, at least in principle, for （获得）security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance（生计）and in generational extension（家族的繁衍）. 【参考答案】另外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共同之处，那就是：生儿育女要么是为了维系现有婚姻，提高婚姻质量，要么是为了拴住丈夫，使妻子有所事事，要么是为了修复婚姻，给婚姻注入新的活力，亦或是出于多子多福的观念而多生儿女。当然，我们也可以从问题的反面得到昭示：在某些社会，无法生育子嗣（或不能生育男孩）对婚姻而言是最大的威胁，也可作为夫妻分手的现成理由。 后代对家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。在许多人看来，丁克家庭算不上真正的家庭。夫妻需要孩子来拓宽自己的生活圈子，实现家庭在传宗接代中的作用，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。在这个变幻莫测，常常不尽友善的世界上，家庭作为社会的基本单位，至少可在原则上，以其独特方式为家人提供安全保障，抚慰家人受伤的心灵，为家人指出生活方向，因此，孩子需要家庭，但与此同时，家庭也需要孩子。