利用“对比法”巧学非限制性定语从句
1．关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导（上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句）。例如：
Yesterday he bought a new bike，which was made in Shanghai．（which不可换用that）昨天他买了一辆新自行车，这自行车是上海产的。
He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week．（which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语）
2．关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。例如：
I still remember the days we spent together during the picnic．我仍然记得我们在野餐时一起度过的日子。（we前省略了that ／which）
Our country is not the one（that）she used to be．我们的国家已不再是昔日的国家了。（that在定语从句中作表语）
His brother，whom Tom often talks about with me，is going to London next week．汤姆常常和我谈起的他的哥哥下周要去伦敦。（whom不可省略）
3．从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句是对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就无法理解。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说
明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。例如：
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help．（MET 92）在这条黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以向其求助的人。
Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise．艾丽斯收到了她的老板的一份请柬，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
4．从句的意义有所不同
先行词是普通名词时，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的意义有所不同。例如：
She has a daughter who is a teacher．她有一个当教师的女儿。（她可能不只一个女儿）She has a daughter，who is a teacher．她有一个女儿，是当教师的。（她只有一个女儿）5．从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是个句子。例如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen．这是我曾经看过的电影中的最好的一部。They talked a lot about the things and persons that they could remember．他们谈论了一些他们能记起的人和事情。
He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected．他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们所料。
6．标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号和主句分开。例如：
Who is the girl that standing under the tree？站在树下的那个女孩是谁？
He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned．他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
7．从句的语序有所不同
限制性定语从句通常用自然语序；而非限制性定语从句大多数情况下用陈述语序，少数情况下可以用倒装语序。例如：
To get the job started，all that we need is your help．为了使这项工作开工，我们所需要的是你的帮助。
They came to a small house，in front of which sat a boy．他们来到一所房子处，房前坐着一个男孩。
In the distance there is a hill，on the top of which stands a white tower．在远处有一座山，山顶上耸立着一座白塔。
8．英译汉时有所不同
译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。例如：
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday？上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？
The concert，which was held last week，was a great success．那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。
He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him．他可能来晚。要是那样的话我们就等等他。
9．as，which引导的非限制性定语从句的差别
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句中或句末，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能
位于句末；as译为“正如，正像”，而which译为“这一点，这件事”；上下文语意一致时用as，不一致时用which。例如：
He has got the first place in the contest，which is known to us all．他在这次竞赛中得了第一名，这一点大家都知道了。
过关练习：请选出符合题意的最佳答案。
1．Qingdao is a beautiful city，____________ I'll pay a six-day visit．
A．which B．where C．for which D．that
2．It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，____________ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup．（NMET 2000春季高考）A．that B．while C．this D．when
3．They have a son and two daughters，live in the city．
A．all of them B．both of them C．everyone of whom D．all of whom 4．He lived in London for three months，during time he learned some English．A．when B．that C．which D．same
5．A person with his head in the clouds is a dreamer ____________ mind is not in the real world．
A．whose B．that C．of whom D．which
6．China is the birthplace of kites，____________ kiteflying spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India．
A．from that B．from here C．from there D．from where
7．Luxun，for ____________ life was hard，wrote a lot of famous novels．A．whom B．whose C．who D．which
8．They stood at the window，____________ they could see ____________ was happening in the street．
A．where；all B．which；all C．from where；what D．from which；that
9．_______ is quite natural，a beginner can't read books written in English very quickly．A．What B．As C．Which D．It
一、限制性、非限制性定语从句的区别
3.先行词：限制：一般noun/pron
非限：专有noun或受物主、指示代词修饰的noun或句子
4.关系词不同：that，why不能引导非限
非限：that——which；why——for which
I have told him them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
Her son is very smart, which makes her happy.
5.关系词替代情况不同
（1）.限制：whom作宾语时可用who替代whom
非限：whom作宾语时不能用who替代whom，Prep+whom=who
This is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre.
A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.
（2）.限制：指人——that，who，whom
非限：指人——who，whom
6.关系代词省略情况不同
限制：关系代词作宾语时可省略（prep后不可）
非限：所有关系词不可省略
二.as 和which的选择（非限中）
Same：都可以指代整个句子的内容，非限定语从句位于句末且as 或which作主语、宾语或表语时，常可互换。
He married her, as /which was natural.
He is an old kind fisherman, as /which anybody can see.(宾语)
Different：
(1)如非限定语从句位于主句之前，只能用as。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. Edison, as is known to all, invented the electric lamp.
（2）as在从句中作主语，后面常+行为v的被动式
Which在从句中作主语，后面常+行为v的主动式
A big earthquake occurred in Sichuan last night, as was reported on TV.
He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.
(4) as常用在一些固定结构中
As we know/ as is known to all/ as we all can see
As is often the case 情况常常是这样As might be imagined 可以想象得到
As might be expected 正如所预料的那样
As has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样
As has been said before/above 正如前文所述
As （it）often happens 像往常一样
She has been absent again, as （it）often happens.
（5）当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身（一个先行词）而不是主句时，不可用as代
替which
The dog, which we saw in the street yeaterday, is Mary’s.
四、exercises
His dog became ill and died, which made himevery lonely.
I haven’t seen such a lovely dog as is shown on the picture.
五、addition
先行词one/ ones/ anyone/those/he 后关系代词用who不用that。
One who is often late should be punished.
The ones who are
Anyone who is
Those who are
He who is
非限制性定语从句：
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which
B. where
C. what
D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke
B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed
B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at
D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which
B. on which
C. in which
D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. which
D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year
B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year
D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked
B. which you talked
C. about that you talked
D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which
B. in which
C. on which
D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom
B. on whom
C. with which
D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who
B. who's
C. which
D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that
B. all what
C. that
D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that
B. as
C. whom
D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with
B. with whom I went
C. with who I went
D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels
B. the such novels
C. such novels
D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/
B./; whom
C. whom;/
D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title
B. its title
C. the title of it
D. the title of that
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e72898978.html,st summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which
B. for that
C. in which
D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which
B. which; when
C. what; that
D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which
B. whose
C. what
D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which
B. with which
C. that
D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked
B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after
D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that
B.that;why
C. for that;that
D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that
B.which
C.for which
D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./
B.which
C.for which
D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which
B. either of which
C. both of that
D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was
B. which was
C. as were
D. which
36.My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that
B. which
C. from that
D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. /
B. why
C. when
D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that
B. what; what
C. which; which
D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who
B. that; which
C. which; that
D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are
B. owns; is
C. own; is
D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed
B. following
C. to follow
D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that
B. /
C. which
D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what
B. through which; what
C. through that; what
D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school
B. this the school
C. this school one
D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as
B. that
C. what
D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them
B. neither of them
C. neither of which
D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being
B. has been
C. had been
D. have been
限制性定语从句
巩固练习：
一、单项选择
1. All these activities can serve as a platform ______ you might find the one you love.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when
2. As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem ______ they cannot work out.
A. that
B. if
C. in order that
D. as
3.—Are you going somewhere during the winter vacation?
—Yes, I've found a nice beach ______ I can enjoy swimming even in February.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. which
4. In the end, it was Becky _____ he turned for a gentle word and a smile.
A. on whom
B. in whom
C. to whom
D. for whom
5. In Western culture, 21 was the age ______ young people traditionally received a key to their parents’door, as a symbol of entering adulthood.
A. in which
B. on which
C. at which
D. to which
6. The knee is the joint ______ the high bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. that
7. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which
B. to which
C. of which
D. for which
8. I don’t like the way ______ he often uses to speak to me.
A. in which
B. how
C. which
D. what
9. The officials have indicated that a new building will be built in 2010 _______ can house another l, 000 students.
A. when
B. what
C. which
D. where
10.“Simpler”books are the foundation ______ students build a lifelong habit of reading and further the actual skill of reading for longer and stronger periods of time.
A. which
B. upon which
C. for which
D. in which
二、完形填空
There have been big changes in the attitudes of most parents over the last few years. Physical punishment is 1 in schools in most countries, and in many countries, even at home. 2 , many parents still believe that they have the 3 to use some physical punishments to deal with certain 4 at certain ages.
It is easy to find reasons to allow some physical punishments. One 5 is that many parents find it very difficult to 6 physical punishment completely. Parents 7 that this was the way they were 8 and that it didn’t do any harm to them. They believe that for the child’s 9 they have the right to discipline the child in any way they see 10 , including using some physical punishments. The other one is that physical punishment can be quick and 11 . There is not much point reasoning with a 12 child in the supermarket.
However, there are several reasons why we should 13 using physical punishment. One point is that most parents are not 14 to deal with misbehaving children. They do not have enough resources or 15 to handle the situation. As a result, they immediately 16 by hitting the child, even if there are other solutions to the problem. Another point is that 17 people are challenged or forced to change their belief, they may keep following 18 habits. An example is seat belts use——now most people wear seat belts without thinking, 19 years ago the idea of using seat belts was strange to most people. In the same way, banning physical punishment will 20 people to change the habits.
In conclusion, parents have to change some of their belief and ideas about how children should he raise.
1. A. allowed B. banned C. considered D. accepted
2. A. Then B. Therefore C. However D. Instead
3. A. privilege B. opportunity C. wish D. hobby
4. A. disobedience B. actions C. movements D. misbehaviors
5. A. issue B. way C. opinion D. measure
6. A. adopt B. choose C. abandon D. permit
7. A. suspect B. argue C. suggest D. deny
8. A. brought up B. dealt with C. taken in D. looked upon
9. A. safety B. growth C. sake D. interest
10. A. handy B. fit C. cruel D. kind
11. A. easy B. smart C. active D. effective
12. A. running B. screaming C. weeping D. studying
13. A. stop B. begin C. remember D. forget
14. A. forced B. advised C. trained D. encouraged
15. A. choices B. materials C. tools D. education
16. A. hesitate B. awake C. stand D. react
17. A. once B. unless C. until D. if
18. A. positive B. usual C. negative D. early
19. A. so B. whereas C. and D. or
20. A. force B. inspire C. forbid D. disappoint
三、阅读理解
William Henry Bragg was born at Westward, Cumberland, on July 2, 1862. He was educated at Market Harborough Grammar School and afterwards at King William’s College. Isle of Man. Elected a minor scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1881, he studied mathematics under the well-known teacher, Dr. E. J. Routh. He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885, and at the end of that year was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the Universityof Adelaide, South Australia.
His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject, almost casually, making an important contribution, and then dropping it again. However, the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913-1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance, the analysis of the crystal(晶体) structure by means of X-rays. It is true that the use of X-rays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs. This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915.
He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities, and a member of the leading foreign societies. Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned theRumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal(its premier award)in 1930.
He was the author of many books, including Studies in Radio-activity, X-Rays and Crystal Structure, The World of Sound, Concerning the Nature of Things, Old Trades and New Knowledge, An Introduction to Crystal Analysis, and The Universe of Light. His favorite hobby was golf. After a life of astonishing productiveness, Sir William Bragg died on March 10, 1942.
1. In Trinity College William Henry Bragg was ________.
A. a professor
B. a student
C. a worker
D. a doctor
2. William Henry Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize because ________.
A. he succeeded in using X-rays to find out the crystal structure
B. he was the first to use X-rays to help to do his experiment
C. he was determined to learn everything well and then gave them up
D. he was successful in his research work with the help of his son
3. According to this passage, William Henry Bragg was interested in all the subjects EXCEPT ________.
A. mathematics
B. physics
C. medicine
D. sports
4. Which one of the following is right according to this passage?
A. Bragg became the professor of the University of Adelaide in 1885.
B. Bragg won the Rumford Medal and the Copley Medal in the same year.
C. Bragg gained great achievements in many fields, including society.
D. Bragg and Lawrence wrote the book X-Rays and Crystal Structure.
5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. William Henry Bragg’s Productive Life
B. William Henry Bragg：a Famous Author
C. Bragg and His Son—Two Great Scientists
D. X-rays and the Crystal Structure
四、“七选五”新题型
What is your favorite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, and red? 1 .Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colour preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. 2 . If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
3 . A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day.
4 . A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides(自杀) than any other bridge in the area—until it was repainted green.
The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply. Perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.
5 . It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
A. On the other hand, black is depressing.
B. They tell us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favorite colour as
grow up—we are born with our preference.
C. The rooms are painted in different colours as you like.
D. If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life,
people and excitement.
E. Light and bright colours make people not only happier but more active.
F. Life is like a picture or a poem, full of different colours.
G. Colours do influence our moods—there is no doubt about it
五、书面表达
假设你堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信：
1．建议他回国；
2．你的理由是：学有所用，就业容易；照顾父母。
注意；1．词数120左右。
2．行文应连贯，内容应完整。
答案;
1—5 BDDCA 6—9 DACB
参考答案及解析
1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as 作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same 修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom 作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. A. The reason why…was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same 修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that 同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
志伟教育限制性定语与非限制性定语练习题 一、复习关系词的用法：（在对应用法处打钩） 1.The person _______ is standing there is my teacher. 2.The person ________ you spoke just now is my teacher. 3.The person ________ you spoke to just now is my teacher. 4.I bought a car__________ cost little. 5.The car __________ I bought yesterday cost little. 6.This school is the one _________ I studied ten years ago. 7.This is the little girl ___________ parents were killed in the earthquake. 8.The boss in ________ company my father worked is a very kind man. 9.I will remember that day __________ I first came to Beijing. 10.There are several reasons _________ we can’t do that. 1.who/that 2.to whom 3.who/whom/that 4. which/that 5. which/that 6. in which/where 7.whose 8.whose 9. when/on which 10.why/for which 二、观察下列句子并翻译 1.I’m taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here. ____________________________________________________________________ 2.My mother, who you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous. _____________________________________________________________________ 结论：以上三句是非限制性定语从句。 非限制性定语从句是对先行词起补充和附加说明的定语从句。通常用逗号与先行词隔开，可以修饰主句中的某个名词，也可以修饰整个主句。若省略掉非限制性定语从句，也不会影响句意的完整性。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 2．关系代词which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别。 （1）which与as都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which引导定语从句要置于先行词后面，而as引导的定语从句位置相对灵活，可放在句首，也可以放在句后 eg.正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用 As he realized, I was very useful to him. 空气，众所周知，是一种气体 Air, as we know, is a gas. 他是个外国人，正像我从他口音判断的那样。 He was a foreigner, as I know form his accent. 他又来晚了，这一点使老板很生气 He came late again, which made his boss angry. (2)当定语从句位于主句后面，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，往往用which；当定语从句中有“如同……那样”的含义时，用as比用which更常见。 Eg.妈妈老把我当成小孩对待，让我无法忍受 Mummy always treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear. 事与愿违，这是常有的事 Things will turn out contrary to on e’s wishes, as is often the case. (3)“介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句，必须用which,不能用as. Eg.我们周围有很多氧气，没有他们我们无法生存 There is a great deal of oxygen around us, without which we could not live. 3．引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别 定语从句前面有such, as, the same 时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which. Eg 所需要的字典有许多都有了
非限制性定语从句 李仕才 一、单选题 1.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B . where C . that D. which 2.They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, was something we had not expected. A. that B. which C. it D. what 3.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B . which C . where D . when 4.The insect's black eyes, are fixed on the cabbage, show the creature's interest in the vegetable. A. which B. as C. that D. what 5.John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ______ are family members. A. them B . that C. which D. whom 6.Mrs. Wang helped me a lot with my English last term, _______ made me very moved. A. who B. where C. which D. when 7.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A.which B.who C.where D.what
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别 区别一：形式不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 区别二：功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如： People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：含义不同 比较下面的两个句子： I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 区别五：先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如： Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which 指整个主句)
定语从句 用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起 定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。 一．词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物 主语 Who which that 主语 Whom which that 宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the detective who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 2．关系代词的用法 (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例 如： (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不 能省略。例如：
导入练习1 1. —Is that the small company you often refer to? —Right, just the one _______ you know my father used to work for years. A.that B. which C. where D. As 2. —Where did they fi nish the experiment? —It was in the lab _______ was taken charge of by Prof. Smith. A. where B. / C. which D. in which 3. Examination compositions, together with most business letters and government reports, are the main situations _______ formal language is used. A. in which B. in that C. of which D. of that 4. Which fi lm is the one _______ main actor has won the Best Actor Prize in the fi lm festival? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. In that country, November 30th is a national festival _______ everyone, men and women, old and young, sings and dances happily in the streets. A. where B. when C. that D. as 6. This is John Brown, _______ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 7. We climbed the Huangshan Mountain yesterday, _______, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world. A. where B. which C. that D. when 8. The famous football player, _______ a big party will be held tomorrow morning, is to arrive this afternoon. A. in honour of him B. in his honour C. in whose honour D. in which honour 9. _______ was reported in the newspaper, seventeen passengers had been killed in the traffi c accident. A. It B. As C. What D. That 10. The owner paid the worker $10 for tidying the whole building, most of _______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. A. that B. what C. when D. which 11. He has made great contributions to the science of physics, _______ he was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize. A. about which B. what C. for which D. when 12. I don’t want to use the same tool _______ you used yesterday to repair the air conditioner. A. it B. that C. one D. what 13. They were interested _______ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 14. Is that the reason _______ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 15. I have bought the same dress _______ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 限制性定语从句提供有关主语或宾语的重要信息，起限定作用，与被修饰部分的关系紧密，如果省略该从句会使主句语义表达不完整。例如： This is the very person that is wanted by the police. He is the man who /that lives next door.
初中英语定语从句专项练习题与答案详解(第2套) 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with h im
非限制性与非限制性定语从句 一、请判断下列各个句子是否该加逗号而变成非限制性定语从句。 1.Seoul which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics is well known for its shopping. 2.Seoul is the city that hosted the Summer Olympics in 1988. 3.There are many temples and shrines in Kyoto which used to be the capital of Japan. 4.Kyoto which was the country’s capital from 794 until 1868 has around 2000 temples and shrines. 5.Brasilia which is the capital of Brazil is less than 50 years old. 6.Montreal is a city where both French and English are spoken. 7.Bangkok which is the capital of Thailand has many beautiful temples. 8.Mexico City which has a population of around 20000000 is the largest urban area in the Americas. 9.Salvador which lies in the northeast was the country’s busiest port from 1500 to 1815. 二、请分析下吗句中所含定语从句分别属于前文所述3中情形中的哪一种，必要时请添加逗号。 10.I don’t like stories that have unhappy endings. 11.A dictionary is a book that gives you the meaning of words. 12.It seems that the earth is the only planet that can support life. 13.The teacher who comes from Canada teaches us English. 14.We are studying sentences which contain adjective clauses.
定语从句专项练习题 一、用适当的关系词填空： 1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house. 2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family. 5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China. 13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA. 14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake. 15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday. 16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you. 18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much. 19. This is the way____he did it. 20. Who is the student _____was late for school today? 21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him? 22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like? 23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south. 24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south. 25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday. 26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday. 27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children. 28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice. 29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long. 1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themse lves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..
考点23 限制性定语从句与非 限制性定语从句 高考频度：★★★★★ 考向一非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明，删去非限制性定语从句，主句的意思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的。非限制性定语从句的引导词有who，whom，which，whose，as，when，where等，that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，从句之前要用逗号。 先行词指人，则用who，whose，which等； 先行词指物，要用which； 先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用when或者where引导。 一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况： 1. 关系代词指代整个主句时，使用非限制性定语从句。 ?You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful. 你为我做了许多，对此我很感激。 ?The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us. 众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。 ?A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。 2. 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时，使用非限制性定语从句。 ?China, which is my motherland, is developing fast. 中国是我的祖国，正在快速发展。 ?Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year. 伊森去年结婚了，他是明星。 ?Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京，有个会议要在那里举行。
定语从句专项练习题及详解50题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who
1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A.which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget. A.which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 'm interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as isn't such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went went with him don't like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句六大区别及练习 区别一：形式不同 限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 区别二：功能不同 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如： People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整) 区别三：翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 区别四：含义不同 比较下面的两个句子： I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
区别五：先行词不同 限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如： Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 区别六：关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。 【巩固练习】 1. — Is that the small company you often refer to? — Right, just the one _______ you know my father used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. as 2. — Where did they fi nish the experiment? — It was in the lab _______ was taken charge of by Prof. Smith.