Games for English Language Learning & Teaching
Word Prompts (Team A Team B) Students from Team (B) have to guess the words on your LIST. Before each guess, say a word which will help Team (B) to guess correctly. Students from Team (A) have to guess the words on your LIST. Before each guess, say a word which will help Team (A) to guess correctly.
YOUR LIST (Team B must guess) YOUR LIST (Team A must guess)
A1 horse
B1 car
A2 window B2 Big Ben A3 elephant B3 cup
A4 England
B4 floor
A5 teacher
B5 kangaroo
A6 London
B6 lemon
A7 river
B7 Russia
A8 book
B8 ice cream
A9 Bill Clinton
B9 Micky Mouse
A10 karate
B10 bath
02 Kim's game (longer & longer lists)
In my [pocket] [shopping bag] [house] [garden] [country] [dream],
there is / are / was /were
The teacher imposes the necessary restrictions according to the vocabulary area)
I packed my bag and in it I put:
an X (longer & longer list)
an X and some Ys.
an X, some Ys, a Z, an ___ and some _____s
(As you go round the class each student has to recite the existing list and add an item in the same category).
03 Guessing nouns via "Is it + adjective" questions Guessing Games: Vocabulary. Questions with ADJECTIVES
Group A Questions to ask opposing team(s)
1. chair Ask YES/NO questions:
2. bus Is it big / round /square / rectangular?
3. head Is there one in this room?
4. bicycle Can we eat it?
5. computer Is it made of wood / plastic / metal?
6. chocolate Ask your own questions Group B Questions to ask opposing team(s)
1. tree Ask YES/NO questions:
2. shoe Is it small/yellow/light/dark/circular?
3. tea Have you one in your house / country?
4. knife Do you like it?
5. finger Is it used every day?
6. button Ask your own questions
Group C Questions to ask opposing team(s)
1. bra Ask YES/NO questions:
2. pen Is it larger than a chair?
3. mouse Can I see one now?
4. coffee Do you find it indoors or outdoors?
5. jumbo jet Are there a lot of them in this school?
6. mobile phone Ask your own questions: Group D Questions to ask opposing team(s)
1. cat Ask YES/NO questions:
2. house Is it hard / soft / high / tall / low ?
3. gate Is it liquid or solid?
4. guitar Do I see one every day?
5. sugar Have you got one in your house / with you?
6. washing machine Ask your own questions:
04 Spanish merchant: guess the connection (I can sell + LIST)
Ss: I'm a Spanish merchant and I can sell (camcorders) (compact disks) (televisions). T: That's right. You can.
Ss: I'm a Spanish merchant and I can sell (steam engines) (saucepans) (guitars)
T: No you can't.
CONNECTION: Invented after 1900.
Other possible restrictions
1. objects must begin with the same letter as the S's first name.
2. objects must begin with the same letter as the first name of S on the right of speaker.
3. must be in the room
4. must be made of special material / must include wood or metal
5. must be objects you can grow.
Instructions Each student has a turn of saying "I'm a Spanish merchant and I can sell...."
The person who knows the connection (T or S) gives feedback (Yes, you can or No, you can't.
The students must guess the connection. Either call it out or write it down after a reasonable number of examples have been given.
05 Comparisons: How is XXX like YYY? Finding Connections (Word Fields and Adjective Comparisons
Group A How is XXX like YYY? How does XXX differ from YYY? X Y X Y
1. milk cheese
2. computer television
3. café restaurant
4. umbrella sunshade
Group B How is XXX like YYY? How does XXX differ from YYY? X Y X Y
1. kettle teapot
2. moustache beard
3. doctor dentist
4. cooker fridge
Group C How is XXX like YYY? How does XXX differ from YYY? X Y X Y
1. horse dog
2. sock stocking
3. beer whisky
4. wristwatch egg-timer
Group D How is XXX like YYY? How does XXX differ from YYY? X Y X Y
1. ice snow
2. chemist pharmacist
3. dictionary encyclopaedia
4. record compact disk
06 BLIP (sometimes known as COFFEE POT) Guess the verb
Each student is given a VERB. (See that it is suitable for the level of the class).
In pairs or as a whole class, discover the VERB through QUESTIONS.
The nonsense word "BLIP" should be substituted for the target VERB.
Write sample QUESTIONS on the board
When / Where / Why / How do you blip?
Can you blip someone / something / somewhere? Do you often blip?
Did you blip yesterday?
Are you blipping now? Are you going to blip this weekend?
Have you blipped since you arrived in England? Do you like blipping?
Do you blip with your hands?
If I saw you blipping, would you be embarrassed?
The aim of the game is not to guess the meaning of the word "Blip" straight away. When you think you know the meaning of the word "Blip", you could ask further questions which make the meaning of the word "Blip" clear to the rest of the class or which amuse the student who is answering the questions.
Sample Verbs
cook / live / cry / love / dance read / draw / run / dream / shout drink / sing / drive / sleep / eat swim / fight / talk / fish / think
fly / undress / jump / worry / kiss argue / paint / bathe / plan / complain
rest / diet / scream / explore / sew
fidget / smile / translate / hesitate / understand iron / vacuum / joke / whisper / knit
win / move / yell / oversleep / zigzag
07 Guess the ADVERB
One student goes out of the room. The rest of the class think of an adverb or the teacher selects one and writes it on the board for everybody to see. It is rubbed off the board before the student outside returns.
The returned student asks a variety of questions to different students. They all answer in the manner suggested by the adverb. Alternatively, the returned student can ask members of the class to do things. They then have to perform the actions in the manner suggested by the adverb.
After hearing a sample of answers or observing a sample of actions performed by different students, the student who originally left the classroom is then asked to guess the adverb.
quickly slowly noisily quietly angrily politely sadly happily sleepily shyly
loudly rudely drunkenly nervously romantically
doubtfully ungrammatically warmly coldly timidly confidently anxiously hesitantly calmly lovingly
08 The Preposition Game
The teacher thinks of a room of a house and a hiding-place in which to hide an object.
(1) I've hidden YOUR BIRTHDAY PRESENT and today is YOUR BIRTHDAY!
Ss: Have you put it __________________________?
(2) I hid my mother's Christmas present LAST CHRISTMAS!
Ss: Did you put it ____________________________?
(3) I'm going to hide my brother's Christmas present NEXT CHRISTMAS!
Ss: Are you going to put it ________________________?
(4) EVERY CHRISTMAS, my uncle hides my present!
Ss: Does he put it ________________________________?
Practise different tenses. A student can choose a hiding-place and the rest of the class can ask the questions. Alternatively, students can work in pairs.
09 Observing the classroom
Seat TWO students at the front of the class facing the white/black board with the other students looking on. The two students are both given a chance to answer each question and they are awarded points for correct answers.
Sample Questions
1. How many windows / tables / chairs / students are there?
2. What are their names?
3. Who is sitting next to Z / between X and Y / opposite X / on the left / on the right?
4. What is (s)he wearing? / What colour is Z's shirt.
Alternatively, seat students in pairs back to back and issue them with a checklist of vocabulary for describing physical appearance and clothing:
Height tall/short Build well-built Age middle-aged Hair style curly
Hair length long Eyes large-eyed Shape of head oval Complexion fresh
Article of clothing Material Pattern Colour
shirt / skirt etc dark green plain /checked light blue
Ask them to describe each other using suitable words from each category.
I spy with my little eye - something beginning with + letter ABC
The objects sighted must be in view of all the students in the classroom.
10 Simon says (Action verbs + Parts of the body)
Students should only obey the commands if you preface each one with Simon says. If you omit the preface Simon says any student who obeys the command can no longer participate in the game. The last student to remain in the game is the winner. imon says: "hands up", "hands down", "thumbs up", "thunbs down", "fingers up", "fingers down".
Simon says: "touch your eyes / ears / nose / mouth with the forefinger / middle finger / ring finger / little finger / of your (right)(left) hand.
Simon says: "put your right hand / left hand / both hands on your right / left knee."
Simon says: "shut / open your eyes", "stand up / sit down", "stand on your right / left leg".
Simon says: "bend your knees / body", "straighten your knees / body".
Simon says: "fold your arms", "put your arms by your side".
Simon says: "wave your right hand", "STOP", "jump up and down", "STOP".
Simon says: "point at the ceiling / floor with the forefinger/ middle finger / ring finger / little finger / of your right / left hand.
11 TELEGRAMS / MESSAGES / ANAGRAMS
TELEGRAMS / MESSAGES
Each student tries to write a telegram (or short e-mail message!) using the letters of their name as the initial letters of the words e.g. TED = Treasure Every Day.
Place-names can also be used:
LONDON: Living On Nothing Drives One Nuts.
ENGLAND: Every Nice Girl Loves A Non-alcoholic Drink.
TOKYO: Thinking Of Kissing Yoko Ono.
JAPAN: Jokes About Politicians Are Normal.
STOCKHOLM: Sexy Toyoto Owners Can Kiss Happily On London Motorways
SWEDEN: Sociable Women Eat Doughnuts Every Night
ANAGRAMS
As an alternative to a straight spelling test, the words can be given with jumbled letters:
CESANSYRE IRDAO VITLSEENOI OOCKRE TNEHCKI STTE
HANGMAN This is a popular game. It is very useful at low levels and the words which students have to guess can be restricted to areas of vocabulary (i.e. themes or semantic sets) or new words introduced in a particular lesson.
12 Find your partner (Stick self adhesive labels to Ss' backs)
The teacher prepares SELF-ADHESIVE TYPEWRITER ADDRESS LABELS ( which can be purchased in rolls to stick on the backs of all the students in the class.
Each label contains a real person's name or the name of a character from fiction or television cartoons. Each named person should have a natural partner, for example if you write a label with the name ROMEO, there should also be a label with the name JULIET stuck on somebody's back. If you have an odd number of students in your class, stick a label on your own back, but let the students do the questioning.
Questions must be of the type that can either be answered with YES or No:
Am I man or a woman? Alive or dead? European or American? Real or fictitious?
Am I a character from a cartoon or a book? Am I rich? Am I famous?
Have I been in the news recently? Am I someone from your country? Britain?
Do I work in sport / music / entertainment / the cinema / the theatre?
ROMEO JULIET TOM the cat JERRY the mouse
POPEYE OLIVE OIL Prince Philip Queen Elizabeth II
Micky Mouse Minnie Mouse Stan Laurel Oliver Hardy
King Juan Carlos Queen Sofia André Agassi Steffi Graff
Nelson Mandella Winnie Mandella John Lennon Yoko Ono
Richard Burton Elizabeth Taylor Bonnie (gangster) Clyde (gangster)
Tarzan Jane (jungle girl) The Lone Ranger Tonto (cowboy)
Prince Charles Princess Diana Cindarella Prince Charming
13 What's my nationality? Who am I?
Student (A) thinks of a nationality Student (B) asks: "Do you wear______________?" "Do you drink / eat _________ ?" "Do you play (sport) or (game)?" "Do you play the (musical instrument)?" "Does it rain / snow a lot there?"
"Is it very hot / very cold there?" "Do the people like ______ there?"
"Are the people there tall / short / romantic / hard-working / rich / poor?
Student (A) thinks of a famous person, fictitious character or cartoon character?
Student (B) asks YES/NO questions as in 12. Find Your Partner.
14 What's my job? (from open lists) Guessing games (closed lists)
Questions for those guessing
Do you work indoors or outdoors? / in a trade or profession? / in a factory or an office?
Do you work with your hands? Do you wear a uniform? Do you work long hours?
Do you work from 9-5? Do you work regular hours? Do you work at weekends?
Do you work with people or machines? Are you in a service industry?
Do you sell something? Do you earn a lot of money? Must you have good qualifications to do your job?
Jobs GROUP 1
1. police officer
2. nurse
3. farmer
4. shopkeeper
5. scientist
6. artist
7. princess 8. dressmaker 9. civil engineer 10. bricklayer 11. caretaker 12. accountant
GROUP 2
1. singer
2. cook
3. secretary
4. student
5. driver
6. engineer
7. president 8. painter 9. chiropodist 10. fishmonger 11. receptionist 12. mathematician GROUP 3
1. actor
2. teacher
3. manager
4. soldier
5. gardener
6. musician
7. writer 8. chemist 9. social worker 10. surgeon 11. bee-keeper 12. newsagent GROUP 4
1. doctor
2. housewife
3. baker
4. pilot
5. factory worker
6. cowboy
7. builder 8. dentist 9. solicitor 10. secret agent 11. dustman 12. air-hostess Miming lists of jobs: A & B teams Student A chooses ONE of the jobs in Groups 1 and 2 above. Student B chooses ONE of the jops in Groups 3 and 4 above. The students have to mime their jobs so their partners can guess what they are.
15 The hotel receptionist - miming (from Maley & Duff CUP)
Write a role card for each student in the class giving them a problem which could occur while they are staying in a hotel. Buy Maley & Duff's book on Drama in ELT for a list of suitable problems. Each student has to mime their problem. The class try to guess the problem by asking questions, but the student with the problem is not permitted to speak. They can only signal YES or NO. This is a good game for teaching vocabulary in a memorable context. The stranger the problem, the more probable it is that the words will become part of the class's active vocabulary.
Example of a problem:
My wife's wig has fallen down the lift shaft. Can anybody help?
The game is also good for supplying the right formulae for difficult situations:
I've locked myself out of my room. Have you got a spare key?
The receptionist can be moved to another environment e.g. a language school, a hospital or an airport. The TV soap entitled "Airport" shows a good range of the problems that can occur:
A pigeon has flown into the Food Hall and is eating the fruit cake.
16 The Yes/No Game (from Michael Miles: "Take Your Pick")
Different students volunteer to be asked questions. They must avoid saying the words "YES" or "NO" for a given period of time e.g. 1-2 minutes.
This is done by using expressions like: "I do", "I am", "that's true", "that isn't true", "that's not correct", "exactly", "precisely", that's right", "that's correct", "I think so", "probably", "possibly", "usually".
The questioners can try to trap them through deliberate misunderstanding and echo questions: "Did you say usually? So you said you live in Stuttgart? Perhaps?
Questions
Do you come from Australia? Are you sure you don't?
Are you single or married? So you're divorced. You're not interested in marriage?
Do you like English food? So you LOVE English food. You think it's the best in the world?
Have you been to Florence? So you haven't been to Italy?
Which is more important - health or money? You said "health"?
How many brothers and sisters do you have? Fifteen?
Would you like a million pounds? So you're not interested in money?
Are you more intelligent than your parents? So you're less intelligent?
Did you say you were stupid?
Do you like your teacher? Is he / she the best teacher you've ever had?
The best in the world?
What are your hobbies? So you like listening to folk music?
Can you use a computer / play the piano? You can?
17 Getting a word in (Conversation game) Students work in pairs. Each partner is given a strip of paper with an unusual sentence written on it. They keep this concealed. If possible they try to learn the sentence off by heart.
Then they start conversing about any subject, but their real object is to get their given sentence into the conversation without their partner realising and before their partner is able to do the same. To do this successfully they have to move the topic of conversation towards a context in which their sentence could naturally occur. Sample sentences for strips:
1. The farmer was carrying a yellow guitar.
2. Elvis Presley was waiting on Brighton Station
3.The bottles were full of green milk.
4. She kissed him on the nose and went to bed.
5. The French student wrote twenty love letters.
6. The policeman was dressed in pink shoes and a bow-tie
7. The plane landed on the roof of Buckingham Palace.
8. The beauty queen made me a cup of tea. 9. The fly took off again and landed on my pillow.
10 The dog slipped on the banana skin and broke its leg.
11. The water was so deep that the child had to call for help.
12. The king was glad that nobody wanted his autograph.
13. He filled the bath with coca cola and started to undress.
14. He drank two bottles of vodka and sang "the red flag".
15. The elephant attacked the gunman and knocked him flat.
16. She pushed the driving-instructor out of the car and laughed.
To win the game, you have to continue speaking for a while after getting your sentence into the conversation without being correctly challenged. You can also win by correctly challenging your partner as soon as you think they are reciting their sentence. If your challenge s wrong, you lose the game. It is therefore good strategy to set traps for your partner by including strange sentences in the conversation which differ from your given sentence.
18 Consequences (Paper & Pencil game)
Each student is given an A4 sheet of paper with some fields to fill in. They only fill in ONE field in order (from the top to the bottom) and fold the sheet over to the next continuous line _____________________________________________________ to hide what they have written. They then pass the paper on to the next student who fills in the next field and fold the paper over to the next line before handing the sheet to the third student. This continues until all the fields are hidden. The paper is then passed on once again. Each paper will contain an amusing story (sequence of events). This is read aloud by the student. If the student's reading is poor, then the teacher should read the story out again using correct intonation and stress to bring out the humour.
Name of a man famous or one in your class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
________________________________________________________
met
Name of a woman famous or one in your class _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_______________________________________________________________________________
at / in / on
Name of a Place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_______________________________________________________
He said to her
"_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ "
________________________________________________________
She said to him
" _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _"
_________________________________________________________
Consequence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_____________________________________________________________________________
19 CHARADES: book / play / song / film / musical
One or two students agree on the title of a song, a book, a play, a musical, a TV programme or a film (Note that films are often given different titles in different countries). They then tell the class how many words there are in the title. If any definite or indefinite articles occur in the title, the students must tell the class where they occur in the title. They must also say whether the title is from a song, a book, a play, a musical, a TV programme or a film. They must not say the name of the title. EXAMPLES (If the students are at a lower level, you can give them the titles)
Fatal Attraction (2 words) (The title is from a film)
Cats (1 word) (The title is from a musical)
Gone With The Wind (4 words: the 3rd word is the definite article) (It's from a film)
Red is the colour (4 words: 3rd word is the definite article - a song)
Starlight Express (2 words) (It's from a musical)
Chess (1 word) (It's from a musical)
I wanna hold you hand (5 words. 2nd word is slang made up from 2 words: a song)
Blowing in the Wind (4 words: the 3rd word is the definite article) (It's from a song)
My Bonnie lies over the ocean (6 words: the 5th word is the definite article - a song)
Imagine (1 word) (It's from a song)
Les Miserables (2 words including the French definite article) (It's from a musical)
Octopussy (1 word) (It's from a film)
From Russia with Love (4 words. It's from a film)
Oliver Twist (2 words) (It's from a book)
Paperback writer (2 words - a song)
EastEnders (1 word with a capital letter in the middle) (It's from a TV program)
Tom and Jerry (3 words - a TV programme)
Popeye the Sailorman (3 words: 2nd word is the definite article - a TV programme)
Neighbours (1 word) (It's from a TV program)
Romeo and Juliet (3 words) (It's from a play)
A Midsummer Night's Dream (4 words: the 1st word is the indefinite article) (a play)
The students who have thought up the title then have to mime it. They can point to any REALIA (e.g. maps on the wall) in the classroom. If the game is proving too difficult for everybody, allow the mimers to sketch on the board or make animal noises, but THEY MUST NOT WRITE or give away any of the words in the title.
The other members of the class have to guess the title. You can set a time limit or limit the number of guesses. The game is one of co-operation between the students who are miming and those who are guessing. A quick result points either to an easy title to mime or good paralinguistic communication skills.
Some students like to mime every word in the title in consecutive order; others mime whole situations which point to the full title.
20 20 Questions: Animal, Vegetable or Mineral (Abstract with V connections)
A student thinks of any object, substance, animal, person or abstract noun and declares whether it is animal, vegetable, mineral or abstract ("love" would be declared as abstract with animal connections) (People count as animal!)
Phrases which identify a well-known object such as uncle Tom's cabin are permitted.
The other students are limited to 20 questions. If they cannot guess the word(s) within the allotted number of questions, then they lose the game. This is a competitive game. The class can compete against the teacher, taking equal numbers of turns at selecting the object or asking the questions, and the TEACHER and STUDENT scores can be recorded on the board. Teachers should adjust the level of difficulty when it is their turn to select objects to make a fairly equal contest.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Maley & Duff CUP 1978 repr 1980 Drama Techniques in Language Learning
Lee,WR OUP Language Teaching Games & Contests
John threw the ball.
Here threw is a transitive verb with John as its subject and the ball as its direct object. If we recast the verb in the passive voice (was thrown), then the ball becomes the subject (it is promoted to the subject position) and John disappears:
The ball was thrown.
The original subject can typically be re-inserted using the preposition by:
The ball was thrown by John.
One non-canonical use of English's passive is to promote an object other than a direct object. It is usually possible in English to promote indirect objects as well. For example:
John gave Mary a book. → Mary was given a book.
In the active form, gave is the verb; John is its subject, Mary its indirect object, and a book its direct object. In the passive form, the indirect object has been promoted and the direct object has been left in place. (In "A book was given to Mary," the direct object is promoted and the indirect object left in place. In this respect, English resembles dechticaetiative languages.)
It is also possible, in some cases, to promote the object of a preposition:
They talked about the problem. → The problem was talked about.
In the passive form here, the preposition is "stranded"; that is, it is not followed by an object. (See Preposition stranding.) Indeed, in some sense it doesn't have an object, since "the problem" is actually the subject of the sentence.
dechticaetiative language is a language in which the indirect objects of ditransitive verbs are treated like the direct objects of monotransitive verbs. Etymologically, the first morpheme of the term comes from Greek dekhomai "to take, receive"; the second is obscure, but it is remotely possible it derives from kaitoi "further, indeed". The term was first introduced by Dr. Edward L. Blansitt, Jr.
Ditransitive verbs have two arguments other than the subject: a patient that undergoes the action and a recipient or beneficiary that receives the patient (see thematic role). In a dechticaetiative language, the recipient of a ditransitive verb is treated in the same way as the single object of a monotransitive verb, and this syntactic category is called primary object. The patient of a ditransitive verb is treated separately and called secondary object.
In dechticaetiative languages with passive constructions, passivation promotes the primary object to subject.
Most dechticaetiative languages are found in Africa, but English arguably contains dechticaetiative constructions, traditionally referred to as dative shift. For example, the passive of the sentence John gave Mary the ball is Mary was given the ball by John, in which the recipient rather than the patient is promoted to subject. This is complicated by the fact that some dialects of English may promote either the recipient (Mary) or the patient (the ball) argument to subject status, and for these dialects The ball was given Mary by John (meaning that the ball was given to Mary) is also well-formed.
An object in grammar is a sentence element and part of the sentence predicate. It denotes somebody or something involved in the subject's "performance" of the verb. As an example, the following sentence is given:
In the sentence "Bobby kicked the ball", "ball" is the object.
"Bobby" is the subject, the doer or performer, while "kick" is the action, and "ball" is the object involved in the action.
The main verb in the sentence determines whether there can or must be objects in the sentence, and if so how many and of what type. (See also Valency (linguistics).) In many languages, however, including English, the same verb can allow multiple different structures; for example, "Bobby kicked", "Bobby kicked the ball", and "Bobby kicked me the ball" are all valid English sentences.
A syntactic verb argument, in linguistics, is a phrase that appears in a relationship with the verb in a clause. Typical syntactic arguments are the subject and the direct object, which are usually termed "core arguments".
Arguments can be optional or compulsory. The core arguments are compulsory. If a verb has one core argument (the subject), it is intransitive; if it has two, it is transitive. Some verbs (like English give) have three core arguments (the third is an indirect object). The number of compulsory arguments of a verb is called its valency.
Non-core arguments are also called "oblique arguments" or "complements". They are usually adpositional phrases showing time ("in the morning"), location ("at home"), beneficiaries ("for her"), etc.
Core arguments can be suppressed, added, or exchanged in different ways, using voice operations like passivization, antipassivization, application, incorporation, etc. Oblique arguments, however, can simply be omitted without any grammatical adjustment.
Nearly all languages mark the core arguments of verbs using case (e.g. Latin), word order (e.g. English) or a mixture of both, though some rely heavily on context for disambiguation (e.g. the Chinese languages, Japanese, Korean).
[edit] Semantic verb arguments
Verb arguments are presented above from the syntactic point of view. However, verbs have semantic arguments, which may or may not correspond to the syntactic ones. In actual utterances only the syntactic arguments are realized, but the semantic arguments can be inferred from the meaning of the proposition.
Typical semantic arguments are the agent and the patient. Many verbs have other semantic arguments. Languages differ regarding which semantic arguments must surface as compulsory syntactic arguments.
For example, in English, the verb put requires three syntactic arguments: subject, object, locative (e.
g. He put the book in the box). It also has 3 semantic arguments: agent, theme, goal. On the other hand, the Japanese verb oku "put" has the same semantic arguments, but the syntactic arguments differ, since Japanese does not require three syntactic arguments, so it is correct to say Kare ga hon o oita ("He put the book"). The equivalent sentence in English is ungrammatical without the required locative argument.
The English verb eat has two semantic arguments, the agent (the eater) and the patient (what is eaten), but only one required syntactic argument (the subject) and only optionally a second syntactic argument (the object).
Most languages allow for impersonal propositions, where the verb can have no syntactic arguments (cf Spanish llueve "it rains"). English verbs always require at least one syntactic argument (even if it is a dummy it, as in it rains). (See also pro-drop language).
Voice operations, such as passivization, can change the syntactic argument valency or exchange one syntactic argument with another, but the semantic arguments remain as they were. Compare
the following sentences:
She ate a cake.
A cake was eaten by her.
In both cases the semantic arguments are she (the agent) and a cake (the patient), but the first sentence has the syntactic arguments subject and object, while the second has subject and (optional) agentive complement.
The passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two situations:
?When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours.
?When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours.
The passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse."
We use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what becomes the subject in subsequent sentences.
The executive committee approved an entirely new policy for dealing with academic suspension and withdrawal. The policy had been written by a subcommittee on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work before suspension can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW" . . . .
The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it is appropriate that policy move from being the object in the first sentence to being the subject of the second sentence. The passive voice allows for this transition.?
Passive Verb Formation
The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design."
Auxiliary Tense Subject
Singular Plural Past Participle
Present The car/cars is are designed.
Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed.
Past The car/cars was were designed.
Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed.
Future The car/cars will be will be designed.
Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed.
Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed.
Past progressive The car/cars was being were being designed.
A sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say "The tin can was crushed by the gorilla." But a perfectly good sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was crushed." Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is recast in the passive, the indirect object can take on the role of subject in the passive sentence:
Active Professor Villa gave Jorge an A.
Passive An A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa.
Passive Jorge was given an A.
Only transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive constructions. Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be transformed into passive structures. To have is the most important of these verbs. We can say "He has a new car," but we cannot say "A new car is had by him." We can say "Josefina lacked finesse," but we cannot say "Finesse was lacked." Here is a brief list of such verbs*:
resemble look like equal agree with
mean contain hold comprise
lack suit fit become
Verbals in Passive Structures
Verbals or verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive).
?Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor.
?Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother.
?Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right.
The same is true of passive gerunds.
?Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill.
?Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss.
?Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by my boss.
With passive participles, part of the passive construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial phrase.
?[Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways.
英语课堂上好玩的游戏 1、“碰地雷”： 在英语单词教学中，学生不太愿意跟读。用此法不错。在一个词下放一个地雷，这个词是不能读的，如果学生不小心跟读，就是踩到雷了。大家一起数one two three,bomb,向他砸过去！有趣， 气氛也好，学生在玩中也学得扎实！ 2、补全句子： 在学习句中，要慢读，必要时分解读。在跟读几遍后，可以让学生补全老师没说完的部分。比如：my name is rebecca.可让学生补rebecca、is rebecca、name is rebecca。这是个反应练习，可让学生熟练掌握句子。 3、此呼彼应： (1) 全班学生坐在原位。 (2) 教师描述一些事物，如果的是对的，例如：The dusks are swimming.学生就学叫“嘎嘎”，如果的是错的，学生就保持沉默。 (3) 做错的学生暂且退出游戏。游戏继续进行。 (4) 剩下的一个学生即游戏的优胜者。 (5) 变化：The bike is coming .或 A cat can run. 等。 (6) 作用：可用于现在进行时态和can 句型的教学，可训练学生的听力。 4、拍皮球： (1) 学生分两组坐在原位，合上眼，教师为两组打分。 (2) 教师拍皮球，学生默数教师拍了几下。假设教师拍了19下。 (3) 教师突然停下，问一个学生“What’s the number?”该学生应该答，“Nineteen”。如果他答对了，该组得分，并由该学生接替教师拍球，游戏继续进行，如果他讲错了，就让别的学生纠正。 (4) 哪组学生得分多，就为胜者。 (5) 变化：教师拍球时可以在中间来个停顿。如先拍4下，停一停，再拍3下，接着问：“What’s the number?”学生应答“Seven”“Four plus three is seven.” (6) 作用：操练数词和加法运算句型。
1.Do you think China offers foreign business people great opportunities to fulfill their dreams? Why? 你认为中国为外国商人提供了实现梦想的巨大机会吗？为什么？ 2.If offered an overseas assignment, would you like to work for your company at a foreign headquarters as long as required? 如果提供海外派遣，您愿意在国外总部工作吗？ 3.What factors do you think contribute to the fulfillment of overseas assignments? 你认为哪些因素有助于完成海外任务？ 4.What is the difference between E-commerce and the traditional business? 电子商务和传统商务有什么区别？ 5.What are the benefits and limitations of E-commerce? 电子商务的好处和局限是什么？ 6.Do you take it for granted that copyright should be protected by law? 你认为版权受法律保护是理所当然的吗？ 7.Do you think it is criminal to adapt other's ideas in your own way and share them with your friends? 你认为以你自己的方式改变别人的想法并与你的朋友分享这些想法是犯罪吗？ 8.What is corporate culture? How does culture affect the way we do business? 什么是企业文化？文化如何影响我们做生意的方式？ 9.What are the advantages of online-communication? 在线交流的优点是什么？ 10.Which way of communication do you prefer talking face-to-face or chatting online? Why? 你喜欢哪种交流方式面对面交谈或网上聊天？为什么？ 11.The factors requisite for success may differ from one profession to another, what kind of elements may contribute to success in your opinion? 成功所需的因素可能因职业不同而有所不同，你认为哪种因素有助于成功？ 12.Are you big fans of certain celebrities? Why or why not? 你是某些名人的忠实粉丝吗？为什么或为什么不呢？ 13.What are the disadvantages of online-communication? 在线交流的缺点是什么？ 14.Which way of communication do you prefer talking face-to-face or chatting online? Why? 你喜欢哪种交流方式面对面交谈或网上聊天？为什么？ 15.As job hunters, what preparations should we make beforehand？ 作为求职者，我们应该事先做些什么准备？ 16.What is corporate culture? How do you get to know a company’s corporate culture? 什么是企业文化？你如何了解公司的企业文化？ 17.Which do you think should receive priority in China, economic growth or environmental protection? Give your reasons. 你认为在中国，经济增长或环境保护应该优先考虑哪些问题？给出你的理由。 18.What do you think of love and marriage? 你觉得爱情和婚姻怎么样？ 19.What should be considered when you decide to accept or decline a job offer? 当你决定接受或拒绝工作邀请时，应该考虑什么？ 20.What is your plan for the future after graduation? Do you want to start a business or become an employee with a high salary? Why? 你毕业后的未来打算是什么？你想创业还是想成为高薪员工？为什么？ 21.When hunting for a job, what do you choose, a big fish in a small pond or a small fish in a big pond? Why? 在找工作的时候，你会选择什么，小池塘里的大鱼还是大池塘里的小鱼？为什么？ 22.List some hazards in our life that are related to the development of technology. Try to figure out some ways to avoid these hazards. 列出我们生活中与技术发展有关的一些危险。试着找出一些避免这些危险的方法。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e32802453.html,pare planes and rail (road) transportation and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.
家乡的一处景物作文150字 家乡的一处景物我的家乡可美丽了！不信，我就当个向导，带你去看看吧！ 我家门前是一条清澈见底的小河。小鱼、小虾在河里快快乐乐地生活着。岩石上长满了苔藓。小河上有一座拱形桥，夏天，小桥上天天坐满乘凉的人。左边是一个小庭院，庭院里有几箱小蜂房，里面充满了蜂蜜味。香气喷喷，那是蜜蜂用辛苦地劳动换取的蜜。里面蜜蜂非常多，有的在勤劳地采蜜，有的懒懒地沉睡，还有的欢乐地跳起了“团舞”。看，它们有繁忙也有悠闲，真有趣！后面是片竹林，那里竹林连成一片，象一条绿色的海洋。春天走进竹林，你会见到地上长满了竹笋。它们像小宝宝躺在地上一样迎接着我们。右边是一个健身房。早晨健身房里挤满了许多人。 我的家乡美吗？ 家乡的一处景物王瑀晗我的家乡在天津。天津的四季都很美丽。 春天来了，万物复苏，小草偷偷的探出头来，好像一个个害羞的小姑娘，躲躲藏藏，柳树披着一身碧绿的衣裳，一条条细细的柳条，随风舞动，真美啊！花儿清香，吸引着翩翩起舞的蝴蝶，它们把春天的大门打开了。 夏天到了。荷叶挨挨挤挤的，像一个个碧绿的大圆盘，之间冒出来的荷花像亭亭玉立小姑娘一样。荷花上可爱的蜻蜓，飞飞停停。荷叶下活泼的小鱼在我眼前游过，快乐的吐着泡泡。还有蝉在树上不停地告诉我们“知了，知了”。夏天真好啊！ 秋天，既是一个丰收的季节，还是一个万物改装的季节。秋姑娘带着果实和各种色彩来到世界。把枫树的树叶染成橘色，把苹果染成红色，鲜红色的像宝石，深红色的像玛瑙，而且吃起来香甜可口。 冬天。雪花飘落下来，为城市披上一件雪白色的大衣。孩子们扬着冻红了的小手，尽情的嬉戏。 这就是家乡的景色，我爱我的家乡——天津。 :家乡的一处景物我的家乡在宁围，听父母说，我的家乡是全国有名的强镇，经济发达。如果来过我们家乡的人，肯定会说我们的家乡更是一个美丽的、整洁的乐园。 说说我家对面的集镇吧！宽宽的柏油马路旁，种着许多桂花树。直挺挺的象一个个士兵，树下长着一株株迎春花，春风一吹，迎春花就绽开了笑脸，仿佛在告诉我们：春天来了！两边的高楼大厦鳞次栉比，似乎在比谁高。 再说说我家对面的那一片田地吧！看，春天来了！一大片桂花树抽出了新的枝条，长出了嫩绿的叶子。邻家伯伯种的豌豆已经迫不及待的钻了出来，想看看世界是什么样子的……一片生机勃勃的景象，肯定会让你流连忘返。 我爱我的家乡，欢迎您来我的家乡作客。 :家乡的小池塘吕尧外婆家的门前有一个小池塘。每天早上，鸭子们都排着队伍，摇摇摆摆地往池塘走去，小池就成了鸭子们的乐园。 小池塘是无私的。在池塘前面，有一片稻田，小池塘一次一次的浇灌着禾苗，它看着稻田里的禾苗发芽，长大，被收割…… 小池还是一道风景线，每当我站在外婆家的门口时，远看是山，近看是稻田，还有小池塘，山是那样青，稻田是那样黄，而小池塘水又是那样绿，多美啊！
_小学英语课堂游戏集锦 ★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做. 官方网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/e32802453.html,/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供 小学英语课堂游戏集锦 Game 1: 上车 目的:用"Hi\Hello.I'm..."向别人问好,并介绍自己。 方法：将学生分散在教室的各个角落，及车站站点，等待上车。老师做司机，到各个站点接学生上车。学生上车前必须向司机问好。（还可再加一个学生当固定售票员） 知识点：T：Bus stop! Hello! I'm David. S1: Hi! I'm Li Lei. Conductor: Hi, Li Lei, here's your ticket. S1: Thank you. T&S1&Cudu...Bus stop!.. Game 2:下车 目的：练习用"Goodbye.""Bye-bye."向他人告别。 方法：老师做司机，孩子们先连成一队开车，然后依次在各个站点下车，下车前向司机告别。可与上车游戏结合起来做。 Game 3：盼盼你好！ 目的：在恰当的语境中运用“Good morning”"How are you?"进行问侯；用"I'm fine.Thank you."回答；并用"Goodbye."告别。 方法：老师用手偶或化妆的方式，一陌生人的身份，在课间同学们玩
Game 4：友谊之圈 目的：用英语向别人进行简单的问候、自我介绍及告别。 方法：1. 大家一起面对面围成两个同心圆。 2. 一起拍手唱歌或放音乐，两个圈分别朝相反方向移动。歌曲结束，或老师喊"Stop!"时，每位同学就与这时正好和自己面对面的同学进行问候对话。 3.当大家安静下来表示都做完以后，重新开始一首歌曲拍手转圈。 4. 游戏的乐趣在于，学生不知道自己下一个将会面对谁，也许是新的同学，也许就是刚才问候过的同学。 Game 5：抛绣球 目的：练习使用"What's your name?" "I'm..."以及一些学过的问候语。 道具：沙包 方法：1.学生坐在座位上，或者站成一队，老师站在学生前面，背向学生抛球，球离手后转身面对学生。 2. 谁接到球就和老师进行对话练习。对话结束后，由他取代老师的位置，上前抛球继续游戏。 3. 此方法可扩展到其他需要两个人进行对话练习的语言点。Game 6：猜颜色 目的：练习红、黄、蓝、绿、黑五种颜色的表达。
中考英语听力高频词汇表 A Able adj. 能够；有能力的 Ability n. 能力；才能 Above prep. 在……上面 Abroad adv. 在国外 Accept v. 接受；认可 Accident n. 车祸，事故；意外的事 Accurately adv. 精确地 Achieve v. 得到；实现 Across prep. 穿过；横过 Act v. 扮演；表演 n. 行动 Active adj. 积极的；主动的 Activity n. 活动 Addition n. 加；增加 Adopt v. 采用，采纳；收养 Advantage n. 有利条件；优势；优点 Advertisement n. 广告 Advice n. 劝告；忠告 Afford v. 担负得起……的费用；抽得出（时间） Afraid adj. 害怕；担心 Africa n. 非洲 Against prep. 反对 Aged adj. 有……之年岁的 Agent n. 代理人 Agree v. 同意；应允 Ahead adv. 在前 Aim n. 目的 v. 瞄准 Air-conditioner n. 空调 Alarm n. 警报 Alive adj. 活着的 Allow v. 允许，准许 Almost adv. 几乎，差不多 Alone adv. 单独地 Altogether adv. 总共；全部地 Amazing adj. 令人惊讶的 Ambition n. 雄心；野心 Among prep. 在（三者或三者以上）之间；系……中之一；与……在一起
Amount n. 数量，总数 Amusing adj. 引起乐趣的；娱乐的 Ancient adj. 古代的 Angrily adv. 生气地；愤怒地 Angry adj. 生气的；愤怒的 Apologize v. 道歉 Appear v. 出现 Argue v. 争论；争吵 Arrange v. 安排；布置 Arrive v. 到达；达到 Article n. 文章 Artist n. 艺术家；画家 As conj. 当……时；像……（一样）；如同；因为；由于adv. 同样地 prep. 当……时；作为；当作 Asia n. 亚洲 Assistant n. 助手，助理 The Atlantic n. 大西洋 Attack v. 进攻；攻击 Attend v. 出席，参加 Attract v. 吸引 Attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；吸引物 Attractive adj. 有吸引力的 August n. 八月 Automatic adj. 自动的 Available adj. 可用的；可得到的 Average n. 平均；平均数 Adj. 平均的 Award v. 授予 n. 奖，奖品 Awful adj. 可怕的 B Bad (worse, worst) adj. 糟糕；可惜；坏的；严重的Balance n. 平衡 Base n. 基地；基础 Basketball n. 篮球 Battle n. 战争，战役 Beat(beat,beaten) v. 敲打；打败；（心）跳动 Become(became, become) v. 变得；成为 Beginning n. 开始；开端
小学英语课堂小游戏 Game 1: 上车目的:用"Hi\Hello.I'm..."向别人问好,并介绍自己。方法：将学生分散在教室的各个角落，及车站站点，等待上车。老师做司机，到各个站点接学生上车。学生上车前必须向司机问好。（还可再加一个学生当固定售票员）知识点：T：Bus stop! Hello! I'm David. S1: Hi! I'm Li Lei. Conductor: Hi, Li Lei, here's your ticket. S1: Thank you. T&S1&C:Dudu...Bus stop!.. Game 2:下车目的：练习用"Goodbye.""Bye-bye."向他人告别。方法：老师做司机，孩子们先连成一队开车，然后依次在各个站点下车，下车前向司机告别。可与上车游戏结合起来做。 Game 3：盼盼你好！目的：在恰当的语境中运用“Good morning”"How are you?"进行问侯；用"I'm fine.Thank you."回答；并用"Goodbye."告别。方法：老师用手偶或化妆的方式，一陌生人的身份，在课间同学们玩耍时出现，并向他们问好，同时引导他们说出相应的回答。 Game 4：友谊之圈目的：用英语向别人进行简单的问候、自我介绍及告别。方法：1. 大家一起面对面围成两个同心圆。 2. 一起拍手唱歌或放音乐，两个圈分别朝相反方向移动。歌曲结束，或老师喊"Stop!"时，每位同学就与这时正好和自己面对面的同
学进行问候对话。 3.当大家安静下来表示都做完以后，重新开始一首歌曲拍手转圈。 4. 游戏的乐趣在于，学生不知道自己下一个将会面对谁，也许是新的同学，也许就是刚才问候过的同学。
三年级写景作文150字大全 1、秋天写景作文150字 秋天随处可见，马路上、公园里、果园里……不管哪里都有秋天的气息。 我走在马路上，看见小鸟飞过，它们叽叽喳喳的，仿佛告诉我们：“秋天来了！秋天来了！”一片片金黄色的叶子落下，仿佛是一只翩翩起舞的蝴蝶，说多美，有多美。我也好似像一只蝴蝶，飘向远方。 公园里，好像来到的金色的天堂，我不禁赞叹：“真美哇。”我和朋友去放风筝，他告诉我他的身体也飘了起来，秋天真美。 果园里，有：梨、苹果、葡萄、柿子、橘子、柚子、香蕉、甘蔗……说的我垂涎欲滴。 我爱秋天。 2、美丽的大海 我的家乡有一片美丽的大海，哪里风景优美，空气清新，是游泳胜地。每到夏天，那里人山人海，还有很多人在游泳，热热闹闹的。 中午，阳光照在海水上，还水金灿灿的，美丽极了！最有趣的是那些躲在岩石后的小螃蟹啦！黄黄的身子，10只脚，一对强壮的钳子，一对横着走的脚，其他的脚都是用来捕捉食物用的。 傍晚，夕阳照在沙滩上，沙子像一个个黄金似的。还有沙滩上的贝壳，贝壳，贝壳形状各异，颜色不一，像天上掉下来的仙贝似的，沙滩上的沙子软软的，如果有人踩上去，就会有踩在白
云上的感觉。 还有很多人在沙滩山玩耍，有的在堆沙堡，有的在堆沙球，有的在挖沙子，有的在游泳…… 这就是美丽的大海，我家乡的大海。 3、三年级写景作文睡莲 奶奶家的后面是一个菜园，菜园里有一块爷爷亲手挖出来的小池塘。 爸爸把一些睡莲的种子种在了池塘里。不久，池塘里就有看睡莲的身影。睡莲是洁白无瑕的，她出淤泥而不染，真让人喜爱，她早上开花，下午就合了，像个小懒虫。 睡莲的花瓣是白色的，花心是金黄的，宛如几位穿着白裙的公主顶着王冠在水中嬉戏。荷叶围绕着睡莲，就像是她们的舞台。 婀娜的她们一会儿摆动作，一会儿看着水面上的自己，一会儿比谁开的艳……无忧无虑的。 花儿合了，我想，明天的睡莲一定更美！ 4、美丽的家乡 我的家乡位于武安市，那里有很多风景优美的风景区，其中有美丽的京娘湖、七步沟、古武当山、长寿村等，美丽极了！ 春天，小燕子从南方唧唧喳喳地飞回来，好像在说：“我们终于回来了！”它们从空中掠过，青的草，绿的叶，各色鲜艳的花儿，象赶集似的聚拢来，形成了光彩夺目的春天。 盛夏，绿绿的水果压弯了树枝。再往池塘中看，接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红，荷花美的就像一大幅活动的画，要是画家能画出这幅活的画，那么，画家的本领可真了不起。
小学英语课堂常用游戏20个 游戏一 1、游戏名称：Magic Box 魔术盒子 2、游戏规则： 1) 将准备复习或学习的物体装入魔术盒中； 2) 请学生伸手进盒子摸一摸，然后用英语说出来； 3）或者老师公布猜测范围，让学生猜猜盒子里有什么东西，然后自己伸进盒子摸，判断自己是否正确。猜中者可以自己盖笑脸印章，猜错者可以表演一个节目。 3、游戏功能：适用于复习各种单词或句型What’s in it? Is it …?
4.、游戏举例：学习水果、学具等同类单词之后，课前复习可采用这游戏，即直观，又富有情趣。 游戏二 1、游戏名称：Pass 2、游戏规则：1）学生依次报数，当遇到数字3或3的倍数或含3的数字，均以“pass”代替，错误者给小组减分。 2）数字可以根据学生的学习情况而定，1-10可以取2，20以内可以取3，30以上可以取4或5。 3、游戏功能：适用于操练，复习各类数字。 4、游戏举例：学习1-20数字后，取数字“3”进行游戏，起加强、巩固的功效，
学生感觉有挑战，同时又面向全体学生。游戏三 1、游戏名称Guessing Game 2、游戏规则： （1）分别呈现图片，让学生熟悉、并齐读。 （2）分别图片顺序，并翻转过来，让学生猜面向老师的图片是哪个英语单词； （3）一次猜中者盖大笑脸；第二次猜中者盖小笑脸；第三次猜中者口头表扬一次；超过四次未中，老师公布答案。 3、游戏功能：适用课前、课中，操练，复习各类新单词。 4、游戏举例：学习文具单词后，此游戏帮助学生高频率、大面积巩固所学新知
识。 游戏四 1、游戏名称Draw and color 2、游戏规则：让学生听指令，画简笔画，并涂颜色。 3、游戏功能：适用于课前热身活动、导入新课或小任务。 4、游戏举例：学习食物、水果或文具后，让学生听指令，画画、涂色，在完成任务的过程中操练所学语音知识，如： T: Draw an apple, color it green. Ss: I like apples, I like green. 延伸游戏，也可以让学生自由画，自由图色，自由表达。
中考英语听力常考话题 一、30句日常用语 1. A: Hi! / Hello! 你好！B: Hi! / Hello! 你好！ 2. A: Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。B: Nice to meet you too.见到你我也很高兴。 3. A: How are you? 你好吗？ B：I am fine, thank you. How are you?（And you?）我很好，。 4. A: Good morning? B: Good morning! 早上好？早上好！ 5. A: Good afternoon? B: Good afternoon! 下午好？下午好！ 6.A: Good evening? B: Good evening!晚上好？晚上好。 7. A: Good night!晚安。B: Good night! 晚安 8. A: What is your name? 你叫什麽名字？B: My name is Lisa. 9. A: How old are you? 你几岁了？B:I am fourteen years old.我十四岁。 10. A: How tall are you? 你有多高？B:I’ m 1.65metres.我身高1米55 11. A: How heavy are you? 你有多重？B:I’ m 48kilograms.我有48公斤。 12. A: When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？ B：My birthday is in May.我的生日在五月。 13. A：When do you get up?你什么时候起床。 B: I g et up at 7:00 o’clock.我7点起床。 14.A：When do you do morning exercise? 你什么时候做早操？ B: I usually you do morning exercise at 8:30.我通常在8:30做早操。 15. A: Thank you!你B: You are welcome.不用 16.A：What’s your favourite season?你最喜欢的季节是哪一个？ B: My favourite season is spring/summar/fall/winter.我最喜欢的季节是春夏秋冬。 17.A: What's your favourite fruit?你最喜欢吃的水果是什么？B: Apple.苹果。 18.A: When is Children’s day?儿童节是什么时候? B: It’ s in June.在六月 19.A: What are you doing?你正在做什么？B:I’ m reading a book.我正在读书。 20A: What’s the date today?今天几月几号B: It’s October 1st.10月1号。 A: What day is it today?今天星期几？B: It’s Monday.今天星期一 21. A: What’s this?这是什么？B: It’s a pen. 这是一只钢笔。 22.A: What color is it?这是什么颜色？B: It’s red.红色 23.A: What color do you like best?你最喜欢的颜色什么？B: red.红色 24.A: What animals do you like best?你最喜欢的动物是什么？B: Dog.小狗 25. A: Happy New Year! 新年快乐！B: Happy New Year! 26. A：Happy birthday! 生日快乐！B：Thank you！ 27. A: Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐！B: Merry Christmas，too. 圣诞快乐！ 28. A: Are you OK? B: Yes, I am OK. 你还好吗？我挺好的。 29. A: What time is it? 几点了B: It’s ten o’clo ck.十点了 30.A:How many people are there in your family？你家里有几个人？ B: There are 7 people in my family.我家有个7人。
英语课堂热身小游戏 Game31热身小韵文目的让学生在学习后放松全身心，同时复习四季的词方法老师先边说韵文边做动作示范。然后让学生慢慢跟着老师做，最后由他们自己做。可以分组比赛看谁做得好。韵文全文Winter, spring, summer, fall. I am short and I am tall. Faster, faster, up and down. Now sit down and touch the ground. 动作Winter蹲下发抖Spring高高地跳起Summer手扇风Fall再次蹲下Im short 蹲着，并把手放到头顶，表示自己很矮。And I am tall再次站起，尽可能踮高脚尖。Faster, faster, up and down.用较快的频率不停的跳。Now sit down and touch the ground.快速的再次蹲下，并用两只手触摸地面。 Game32眼明手快目的熟悉四季以及季节特征的英文。道具在黑板上用较大的字写出四季单词。方法让学生一起站在黑板前，老师在一旁用Its hot\cold\cool\warm. 发指令，学生立即将手按到相应的季节上，在发令的间隙，老师可以视情况任意抽同学说出正确搭配。为调节气氛，老师可以故意延长语调或突然加快语速，游戏也可用淘汰制进行。每次动作最慢的同学出局，最后选出反应最快的同学。 Game33传声筒目的练习字母的听和写道具字母卡两套方法将学生分为两组，面对黑板站成两列，队列的最后一张小桌子上，分别放着两套字母卡，每组最后一名同学从本组的字母中抽出三张并悄悄告诉前面一位同学，然后一个接一个，一直传给本组第一个同学。该同学讲三个字母迅速写到黑板上，写完后迅速跑到队伍最后，做下一个抽字母的人，并由第二位同学听写字母。重复上述步骤，最先做完的一组获胜。当然老师应在最后检查各组的拼写。 Game34热身小游戏目的I have got I go to by；复习各类单词道具要复习的名词单词卡若干，在黑板上画出几种学过的交通工具，并在每种交通工具旁写出乘坐它可以去的地方。方法在黑板远处设置一条起点线，老师在一旁随意出示单词卡，学生举手用句型I have got 抢答。抢答对，向前跨一大步，重复上面的步骤，学生到达黑板跟前以后，可以自由选择乘什么交通工具到什么地方，说出正确的搭配，然后把说过的交通工具和地点擦掉。当黑板上所有的东西擦掉后，游戏结束。 Game35抓纸团目的运用He、She has got并复习各类单词］道具把单词分别写在纸条上，然后纸条揉成团放在一起，可以将以前学过的词组合在一起，如在名词前加上数字、颜色、大小等不同的形容词。方法两人一组，在单位时间内配合游戏。善于动手的抓纸团，语言比较好的打开纸团，用规定的句型造句。玩法一只手抛起一个纸团，然后迅速抓起桌面
家乡的景色作文150字 本文是关于作文大全的，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 家乡的景色作文150字（一） 大家好，我向你们介绍我的家乡。我的家在温州乐清市的乡镇里，那里很美丽。不仅风景优美。而且物产丰富，这是不是很美丽。 乡镇里有一座座高高的大楼，很多的汽车，还有家具城，我在向你们介绍我家，有最好喝的乌龙茶，有我家最好吃的清蒸牛肉，而且那里有好玩的地方前岸公园。 每次回家我都和我家人一起去公园玩，一走进公园看到一排排的柳树，小河里有一群群红色的鱼儿，里面还有碰碰车，太空球，恐怖城…… 我的家乡是不是很美啊，有空来我家乡玩哦。 家乡的景色作文150字（二） 我的家乡在江西。那里风景优美，树木茂盛，而且江西还是革命起义的地方。江西有个地方叫东山岭。那里景色迷人，树木茂盛，山顶还有一块石碑，石碑上写着革命烈士永垂不朽，意思就是纪念解放战争牺牲的解放军。东山岭可不是只有树木，而是从山脚到山头都有娱乐设施，比如说夏天是打气球，冬天时放火花。我觉得打气球最好玩，因为打破十个气球还能得到一个小礼物呢！还有东山岭也是鸟的天堂。夏天的清早，鸟儿们就在枝头歌唱和做游戏。还有些鸟儿在石
碑做窝。东山岭的下边是一个名叫休闲的广场。广场每天都很热闹，这我不知道这是为什么。我感到我的家乡很美，我很开心。 家乡的景色作文150字（三） 今天，我和爸爸妈妈来到了邯郸市老家。我们刚到那里，那里的景色色彩鲜艳，有一片绿色的玉米苗，犹如一片绿色的森林。还有一片洁白无瑕的棉花。 我们顺着老家的水泥地慢慢地走向我奶奶的家，我刚刚差不多的时候，爷爷已近在门口接我们了，我看见爷爷立马大婶喊道：“爷爷好”！爷爷说：“孙子啊！几年没见张着么高了”。总结，今年我去了家乡，家乡很美。 家乡的景色作文150字（四） 我的家乡在四川，那里风景优美，十分迷人。特别是家乡的果园和大海更让人难忘。 到了秋天，黄澄澄的橘子、红通通的苹果、弯弯的香蕉挂满枝头，到处都是丰收的景象。 除了累累果实外，我的家乡还有青的草、绿的叶，蓝蓝的天空、朗朗明月，更让人向往的是大海。一大早就有很多小孩来到海边捡贝壳，到了下午，很多人都会来到这里游泳，我则喜欢坐在海边欣赏迷人的晚霞。 瞧，我的家乡很美吧，欢迎你到四川来做客。 感谢阅读，希望能帮助您！
少儿英语课堂游戏100例 少儿英语课堂游戏100例（1-20） 1.吹气球blow the balloons 游戏说明：学生边说单词边做吹气球的动作，声音随着气球的大小发生相应的变化，用于操练单词。 2.大小声opposite tune 游戏说明：学生与教师进行唱反调的游戏，教师声音大，学生声音小;教师声音小，学生的声音相应变大，可用于单词或简单句型的操练。 3.放风筝fly a kite
游戏说明：教师手中拿一风筝模型，学生的声音随教师手势的高低做出相应的变化，可用于单词和简单句型的操练。 4.拍手停clap hands 游戏说明：教师与学生边拍手边说单词，教师停则学生停;此游戏可用于单词操练，可以集中学生注意力。 5.长大个grow taller 游戏说明：学生的语音根据教师的手势变幻，声音由小变大，可用于单词操练并集中学生学习的注意力。 6.木头人wooden child 游戏说明：教师或选一名学生背对学生进行单词操练，当教师或学生转过身时其他学生保持原来的动作变成木头人。 7.模仿秀imitate show 游戏说明：教师带领学生一起模仿小动物进行单词操练。 8.二人转turn and turn 游戏说明：两名学生各持一张单词卡片，根据教师口令做动作，同时观看另外一名学生手中的单词卡片，看哪一位同学能以最快的速度认出另一位同学手中的卡片。该游戏用于考查学生对单词的掌握程度。
9.运气球pass the balloons 游戏说明：两组学生边运气球边说单词，看哪组学生运球好，单词说的又流利。 10.传球、拍球pass or bounce the ball 游戏说明：请两组学生边传球边传单词或句子，看哪组同学传的又快又好，可用于单词或句型的分组操练。 11.和卡片跳舞dance with cards 游戏说明：教师手持卡片，学生根据教师手中卡片的变化做出相应的舞蹈动作，可用于单词的操练 12.翘翘板play on the see-saw 游戏说明：教师与学生操练单词，但学生与教师做出相反的动作。 13.蜘蛛侠spider man 游戏说明：蜘蛛侠为了救人要爬上高楼，需要同学们的帮助，大家的声音越大蜘蛛线就会到达楼顶，该游戏可用于操练单词和句型。 14.照镜子look at the mirror 游戏说明：学生与老师做同样的动作并操练单词或句型。 15.狼来了the wolf is coming
20个有趣的初中英语课堂游戏 游戏1：续数字（说三个连续数字） 游戏方法： 学生若干人（或是小组，或是排、行但人数应为偶数）起立，面向其他同学。站在最右边的同学任意说出一个数字，如：three。 站在他旁边的同学说：four,five,six. 第三位同学任意说出一个数字eleven， 站在他旁边的同学说：twelve,thirteen,fourteen. 以此类推，把游戏做完。 此游戏如果在小组之间进行，可以增加竞争性、趣味性。 每小组（排或行）的同学为一个队（team），任意一个同学说错，全队同时坐下。另一队同学继续。
游戏２：记忆电话（号码） 游戏方法： 学生若干人，每个同学在大小、形状一样的纸片上任意写上一个８位数，作为自己的“电话号码”，同时写上自己的名字。 游戏主持人把这些写好的纸片收集在一起，写字的一面朝上摆放在桌子上。 参加游戏的同学用１分钟时间默记这些“电话号码和名字”。 主持人把纸片反扣（写字的一面朝下）在课桌上。 主持人发令：ready , go ! 参加游戏的同学用举手抢答的方式，取得答题的优先权，然后说出自己记忆的其他同学的“电话号码和姓名”。 每正确地说出一个“电话号码和姓名”得１分，同时主持人把纸片翻过来。 其他同学仍用举手抢答的方式。每正确说出一个电话号码和姓名也得１分。直到主持人宣布比赛结束，或者所有“电话号码”都被说出来。
得分多的同学获胜。 第一轮比赛结束后，同学们重新写“电话号码”，准备第二轮比赛。 游戏３：描述人物（猜词1） 游戏方法： 教师在课前把关于表示“周围的人们”如家庭成员、亲戚、朋友等的名词制成卡片。 课上开始游戏前说明游戏做法：一名同学到教室前面，面向其他同学。教师拿出一张卡片给这位同学。这位同学用自己的话说明卡片上的这个名词，如daughter，学生可以说： it is a child of a family . it is a girl . it has 8 letters ./ the first letter of the word is d . 其他同学就可以猜出卡片上的名词。 又如uncle，学生可以说： a father’s brother /a mother’s brother. （有些同学可能不满足于这样简单的表述）他们可以说：
英语口语学习的几点建议不少人认为发音好就代表口语好，口语好就代表英语好。实际上，如果只是工作需要，发音真的有那么重要吗?所谓的英语的口语，其实包含四方面的内容，其中重要性排行：流利度>表达准确度>发音>腔调。 流利度 方法建议就是自己和自己说英语，每天头脑里总会要想些问题，你试着把自己想的东西一句一句翻译成英语，你和别人说话的时候，说完那些话之后，你心里默默的想一想这些话我用英语应该怎么说，遇到不会的马上可以用手机查字典。不出三个月你心里想的每一句话或者日常的沟通，都可以熟练的用英语说出来。 还有一个办法，就是每天用英语写几百字。每天人的英文写作其实是代表他的英语口语的最高水平，不要说自己英语口语不好，归根到底，其实是写作不行。你能够说出来的东西，你一定能够立马知道怎么写，但是你写的东西你不一定立马能够说出来，但是为什么还要练习写作呢？因为大部分时候你说不出来是因为你写都不知道怎么写。写作实际上能够根本改善你遣词造句的能力，当你写作都很熟练了，你脱口而出自然不会是问题。 表达准确度 只要是两个人面对面沟通，只要你不结巴、保持流利，始终能够把话说清楚的，老外如果听不懂他会继续问你，直到听懂为止。所以刚练习英语口语的朋友，可以把这部分顾虑暂时先打消，等你流利了再来改也没问题的。所有表达的准确度问题，都不是口语问题，都是
你英语基础问题。 发音准确度 这方面的重要程度远远没有流利度那么高，但练习要花费相当的苦工。如果仅仅只是为了应付工作，建议不要花费太多时间在发音上面，因为中国人的发音哪怕再烂其实外国人还是能理解的。外企HR似乎更加看重流利程度一点。大部分在外企工作的中国人发音简直是弱爆，但是丝毫不影响工作沟通。所以英语基础不好的人，拼命去练发音，无异于舍本逐末。 如果你一定要知道发音怎么练习，可以简单说一两点。 中国人被拼音误导很深，认为和拼音长得差不多就是和拼音一样的发音，结果才导致了浓浓的中国风发音。不要把音标当拼音。你把所有的长元音全部拆开成两个元音来发音，比如like 的i(ai), 坚决不要发成中文的"爱“，要先发a 后发i, 中间过渡平滑，听起来像"拉一可”。经常有人说这个单词明明按照音标读了，但是怎么读都有一股浓浓的中国风，就是找不出原因，原因就在这里。 如果你对这些区别只是停留在了解的阶段，那是帮助不了你改善发音的，必须要重复练习（一个发音反复练习几百次就有效了）。
景物描写的作文150字 景物描写的作文篇一：日落 今天，我去欣赏美丽的日落，有点欣喜若狂，欢乐的心情涌上心头!好开心啊!一路上，我们欢声笑语。 到了目的地：山坡，野花儿盛开在草地上，旁边潺潺的溪流清澈见底，哇!好一片生机。 终于，太阳公公回家了，湛蓝的天空布满了红色的朝霞，起初，太阳露出了半边，像一把镰刀，最后，它完全不见了，旁边的云霞还在，紫的，红的，粉的，好不美丽。 美丽的的日出让我至今历历在目，因为它好美! 景物描写的作文篇二：春天的景物 春姑娘害羞的来到人间，原来白色的冬天变成了五光十色的春天。柳树也开始长叶了，那叶子嫩嫩的，可爱极了，春风又吹过柳树，它摇摆着柳枝。像是向人招手。湖面也融化了，静静的，像是一面镜子，清澈见底，鱼儿欢快的游着，春风再次吹过湖面，把鱼儿又吓跑了，过了一会儿，湖面平静下来了。又见鱼儿自由自在的游着。 小燕子唱着歌从南方飞回来了，在屋檐下建起了属于自己的家园。 春天多美好呀! 景物描写的作文篇三：观看日落 为了观看日落，我早早的吃完晚饭，来到操场边上。 1 / 3
劳累了一天的太阳，拖着疲惫的身子，收起了耀眼的光芒。太阳慢慢地往下落，把一条条，一束束五彩带撒满天空，使人觉得像一座座五彩天桥。太阳落到树林里，显示出难分难舍的样子，过了一会，太阳又像一位害羞的小姑娘，躲进了山峦里。太阳快要消失了，渐渐的、渐渐的……太阳终于消失了，给天边留下了一道红霞。 景物描写的作文篇四：秋天的景物 秋天来了，秋高气爽，瓜果飘香。在果园里有苹果、橘子、梨子、菠萝发出一阵阵的香味，这些香味的都迷到了人们，人们闻到了这些香味都想吃一口。田野里，那金黄的稻谷，就像一片金色的海洋。农民伯伯在开开心心的在田野里收着金黄的稻谷，大雁从北方飞回南方了。蚂蚁、乌龟、蛇、还有青蛙都在加进挖洞准备过冬了。 这个秋天真美丽啊!我爱秋天! 景物描写的作文篇五：秋天 秋天是个美好的季节，也是个丰收的季节。 秋高气爽，天高云淡。果园了瓜果飘香，芬芳迷人。香香的梨，红彤彤的苹果，你碰我，我挤你的，争着要人们去采呢!稻田里，金黄黄的稻子随风飘动。农民伯伯笑呵呵地说：“今年的稻子又要丰收拉” 秋天，一片片黄黄的书也落下来，告诉我们：“秋天来了!”同时也告诉我们：“冬天快要来了，要注意保暖啦。”大雁挣着往南飞，蛇，青蛙都在加紧挖洞，他们在准备过冬了。 2 / 3
1、大小声：我读大声，你读小声 2、举一反三：我读一遍，你读三遍 3、单词拍拍拍：（①、②、③、④、⑤）拍这几就读出来 4、炸弹：练习单词时，把一个炸弹放在一个单词上，在读单词的过程中，不能把放有炸弹的单词读出来 5、手心手背：伸手心读，伸手背不读 6、金手指：几根手指就读几遍 7、麦克风：以采访的形式来提问学生，练习单词、句子 8、击鼓传球：传球老师击鼓喊停时，谁最后拿到球就站起来读单词或句子，读对时，老师输，学生是胜利者，然后老师表演动作，如：兔子跳、贴墙、眨眼睛、表演大茶壶 9、抢椅子：读单词或句子同时，绕着椅子转，当老师说停时看谁以最快的速度抢到椅子，抢到者加分 10、木头人：如：I can fiy I can jump 读句子的同时表演出动作，老师说停，不论你什么姿态，都不能动，老师挑选一名学生去逗表演的学生，看谁懂了谁犯规 11、说反语：I say sit down You say stand up 12、小手枪：指着谁，谁读单词的下一个单词 13、寻宝藏：选一名同学背对着大家，把卡片或别的东西藏到一个学生哪里，大家开始读单词或句子，当寻宝的学生离宝藏越近读声越大 14、萝卜蹲：用单词代替学生的名字一个接一个蹲
15、顶卡片：读句子单词的同时用头来顶卡片 16、互动记名字：给学生一个新名字（课中的单词）来互相提问及回答 17、警察抓小偷：选一名同学背对着大家，挑出两个学生，大家一起读单词，这两名同学读单词时不发音 18、单词转转转：人站词下，每个人代表一个单词，读到哪个单词，就迅速动一下，反应慢就下去换另一个人 19、加一法：我读一，你读二，我二你三，依此增加，练习单词句子 20、拍图片：把制作好的单词图片贴在黑板上，拍到哪一个读哪一个， 这些都是我在课堂上常用的游戏学生也很喜欢玩。 小学各年级课件教案习题汇总 一年级二年级三年级四年级五年级