2011年职称英语考试(卫生类C级)考前预测试卷(1)-中大网校

2011年职称英语考试综合类C级真题一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

）第1题His shoes were shined to perfection.A. clearedB. polishedC. washedD. mended【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 题意：他的鞋擦得很亮。

划线词shine(vt.)的词义是“使发光．使发亮；擦亮(皮鞋等)”。

A项clear意为澄清；扫除；例句：Each human is born with a bag of karma to be cleared in this life．每个人生来均带有一系列要在此生清除的业力。

B项polish意为擦亮；抛光；例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor．孩子们喜欢在刚擦亮的地板上滑过来滑过去。

C项wash意为洗；例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag?我可以把洗过的农产品放进口袋么?D项mend意为修补。

例句：We need an electrician to mend the iron．我们要请电工修理一下熨斗。

很明显B项正确。

第2题She can be relied on in a crisis.A. looked afterB. believed inC. turned onD. depended on【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 题意：在危急关头可以依赖于她。

划线词rely on的词义是“依靠，依赖”。

A项look after意为照看；例句：Are you being well looked after?大家对你照顾得好吗?B项believe in意为相信：例句：We all believed in her prediction．我们都相信她的预言。

2011职称英语考试题1 It is obvious that he will win the game.A likelyB possibleC clearD probable2 The earth moves around the sun.A beforeB roundC afterD over3 Did anyone call when I was out？A everyoneB someoneC nobodyD anybody4 It took us a long time to mend the house，A buildB destroyC designD repair5 I don't quite follow what she is saying.A observeB understandC explainD describe6 We can no longer tolerate his actions.A put up withB acceptC takeD receive7 Loud noises can be irritating.A hatefulB painfulC stimulatingD annoying【参考答案】 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B 06. A 7. D8 In the background was that eternal hum.A longB never-endingC boringD extensive9 The Constitution's vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.A impreciseB apparentC clearD easy10 Gambling is lawful in Nevada.A enjoyableB irresistibleC legalD profitable11 These are the motives for doing it.A reasonsB excusesC answersD replies【参考答案】 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A8 The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.A showedB suggestedC agreedD believed9 Mary has blended the ingredients.A madeB mixedC cookedD eaten10 They agreed to modify their policy.A clarifyB defineC changeD develop11 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A take outB break offC push in,D dig up12 The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in SeptemberA playB showC sendD tell13 This table is strong and durableA long-lastingB extensiveC far-reachingD eternal14 He endured great pain before he finally expired.A firedB resignedC diedD retreated15 The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A smilingB laughingC shoutingD staring【参考答案】 8. B 9. B10. C 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D1. The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A forceB influenceC surpriseD power2. Can you follow the plot so far?A changeB investigateC writeD understand3. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A physicalB mentalC naturalD hard4. In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A resultB judgmentC decisionD event5. Norman Blamey is an artist of deep convictions.A statementsB beliefsC suggestionsD claims6. Up to now, the work has been easy.A SoB So longC So thatD So far7. The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A supposedB excitedC suggestedD discussed【参考答案】01. B02. D03. A04. A05. B06. D07. C8. Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A ThereforeB AfterwardsC HoweverD Furthermore9. The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A viewB sightC lookD point10. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirsA tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely11. The union representative put across her argument very effectivelyA explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted12. He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB mildC kindD wild13. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting14. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producingA wasteB buyC useD sell15. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume【参考答案】08. A09. A10. D 11. A12. C13. C14. C15. D1.She was close to successA.fastB.quickC.tightD.near2.The two girls look alikeA.similarB.beautifulC.prettyD.attractive3.The boy is intelligentA.naughtyB.cleverC.difficultD.active4.Everybody was goal to see Mary backA.sorryB.sadC.happyD.angry5.What is your goal in life?A.aimB.planC.arrangementD.idea6.Jack is a diligent studentA.ambitiousB.hardworkingzyD.slow7.Mary said mildly that she was just curious.A.shyly B gently C.weakly D.wildly答案：1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B8.Practically all animals communicate through soundsA.AlmostB.ClearlyC.AbsolutelyD.Basically9.The story was very touching.A.inspiringB.boringC.absorbingD.moving10.I wasn't qualified for the job really, but I got it anyhowA.anywayB.somehowC.anywhereD.somewhere11.She was a puzzleA.girlB.womanC.mysteryD.problem12.Her speciality is heart surgery.A.regionB.siteC.platformD.field13.France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.A.privateB.friendlyC.strongD.secret14.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.A.mixedB.spreadC.beatenD.covered15.The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.A.destroyedB.brokeC.changedD.smashed答案：8. A 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C。

2011年英语专业8级考试预测试卷(四)总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：195分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></ A>(2)(2) __________(3)(3) __________(4)(4) __________(5)(5) __________(6)(6) __________(7)(7) __________(8)(8) __________(9)(9) __________(10)(10) __________SECTION B INTERVIEW & SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)Climate change can affect businesses in the following ways EXCEPT?(3)Why does Carter cooperate with global companies?(4)According to Carter,high school students can protect the environment by?(5)Carter tried to tell us by the story that?(6)Questions {TSE} are based on an intervieq. At the end of the news item ,you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the news.(7)Americans still have the following image of Arab women EXCEPT __________.(8)What is Shaheen's attitude about herself to be one of the more educated and more experienced women?(9)Shaheen has been to the following areas in America EXCEPT __________.(10)Which of the following is INCORRECT about Shaheen's future plans?PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)How many people appeared in the story to carry the plot forward?(3)In the 542 room,you can find something usual,such as _______.(4)Through the description, we can get an impression about the patient. He is _______.(5)From the passage,we can infer that the legless man would _________.(6)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></ A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)To some extent, Van Gogh began to dress like a street waif because __________.(8)Van Gogh attached much importance to __________ in terms of art and literature.(9)Which of the following is INCORRECT about Van Gogh?(10)What makes this version titled Vincent Van Gogh : The Letters different from the previous ones?(11)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(12)The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT __________ to show Irish-language renaissance.(13)The irish-language renaissance may lead to the following problems EXCEPT __________.(14)According to the passage,"Celtie Tiger" results from the following EXCEPT __________.(15)What's the main idea of this passage?(16)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(17)The publication Of the Great Books is for ________.(18)What does the Great Books of the Western world talk about?(19)Alex Beam's book talks about the Great Books education and ________.(20)According to the author,Beam's book is excellent,but it still has disadvantages such as _________.PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)(1)Which of the following does NOT belong to the literary trend at the end of the 19th century?(2)All of the following statements are design features of language EXCEPT __________.(3)The relationship between the word“that”and the noun“girl’’in the phrase“that girl"is __________．(4)Which of the following states is the first state that passed the compulsory education law in the'United States?(5)Cardiff is the capital of __________.(6)Two words in a language which differ from each other by only one distinctive sound and which also differ in meaning is called __________.(7)Which of the following terms is NOT a branch of linguistics?(8)The longest river in Australia is _________.(9)T．S．Eliot is brought tO fame for his long poem named __________.(10)The most important sociological use of language is __________.PART ⅣPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15MIN)(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A>(2)错误2：__________.(3)错误3：__________.(4)错误4：__________.(5)错误5：__________.(6)错误6：__________.(7)错误7：__________.(8)错误8：__________.(9)错误9：__________.(10)错误10：__________.PART ⅤTRANSLATION (60 MIN) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>PART ⅥWRITING (45 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>答案和解析PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1) :<A ></A><A ></A><A ></A><A ></A><A ></A>{Page}set English aside(2) :encourage(3) :Set goals(4) :Every day/Daily(5) :Americans(6) :Enlarging your vocabulary(7) :remember(8) :speak English(9) :culture(10) :improving your EnglishSECTION B INTERVIEW & SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1) :C<A ></A><A ></A><A ></A>(2) :B(3) :B(4) :B(5) :D(6) :B<A ></A><A ></A><A ></A><A ></A>(7) :D(8) :A(9) :C(10) :CPART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)(1) :C<A ></A>{Page}<A ></A>(2) :B<A ></A>(3) :C<A ></A>(4) :B<A ></A>(5) :A(6) :A<A ></A>{Page}<A ></A>(7) :B<A ></A>(8) :C<A ></A>(9) :D<A ></A>(10) :C<A ></A>{Page}<A ></A><A ></A><A ></A><A ></A><A ></A><A ></A>(11) :C<A ></A><A ></A>(12) :A<A ></A>(13) :D<A ></A>(14) :A<A ></A>(15) :B<A ></A>{Page}<A ></A><A ></A><A ></A><A ></A><A ></A>(16) :D<A ></A>{Page}<A ></A>(17) :A<A ></A>(18) :C<A ><A ></A>(20) :A<A ></A>PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)(1) :D<A ></A>(2) :A<A ></A>(3) :D<A ><A ></A>(5) :D<A ></A>(6) :C<A ></A>(7) :A<A ></A>(8) :D<A ></A>(9) :B<A ><A ></A>PART ⅣPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15MIN)(1) :<A ></A>{Page}<A ></A>(2) :<A ></A>(3) : <A ></A>(4) :<A ></A>(5) :<A ></A>(6) :<A ></A>(7) :<A ></A>(8) :<A ></A>(9) :<A ></A>(10) :<A ></A>PART ⅤTRANSLATION (60 MIN) SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH(1) :<A ></A>{Page}<A ></A><A ></A>SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE(1) :<A ></A>PART ⅥWRITING (45 MIN)(1) :<A >中大网校引领成功职业人生中大网校 “十佳网络教育机构”、 “十佳职业培训机构” 网址：</A><A></A><A></A>。

2011年职称英语等级考试真题第1部分.词汇选项（第1〜15题, 每题1分, 共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有短横线, 请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A. afraidB. anxiousC. sureD. sad2. She always finds fault with everything.A. simplifiesB. criticizesC. evaluatesD. examines3. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A. giveB. attachC. loseD. understand4. Igot a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A. instructingB. pushingC. notifyingD. inviting5. Jane said that she cou ldn’t tolerate the long hours. ,A. standB. spendC. takeD. last6. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A. suddenlyB. greatlyC. generallyD. slightly7. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.A. sayingB. doubtingC. thinkingD. knowing8. At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A. happyB. energeticC. aloneD. busy9. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A. reportedB. provedC. caughtD. praised10.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A. maintainedB. recommendedC. consideredD. acknowledged11.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A. handleB. raiseC. poseD. experience12. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A. relativeB. generalC. continuousD. sharp13.For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. obviousB. majorC. unclearD. minor14.The decision to invadeprovoked storms of protest.A. ignoredB. organizedC. causedD. received15.Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.A. turningB. jumpingC. shoutingD. shaking第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题, 每题1分, 共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子, 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息, 请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息, 请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及, 请选择CRelieving the Pain“Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain.’’ say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain. “People with chronic pain need to stop lying a round, go out more, and start exercising.’’ The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain. But it seems that this is often not productive, especially in the case of back pain. Back pain, after headaches and tiredness, has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.Lumbar (腰部的) pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground, but they are made worse by a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle. Lack of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles, so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential. It releases endorphins(内啡呔), the body’s “feel-good” chemicals, which are natural painkillers. In fact, these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise. Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy, doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort, and as the pain continues, sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs. “It’s crazy," says Dr. Brasseur, a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain. “Some of them are taking different drugs prescri bed by different doctors I’ve just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different names.”A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided. Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up, their medication is cut down as much as possible. Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics, patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises, followed by an hour on exercise bikes. Later in the day, they practice t’ai chi(太极),self-defense, and deep thought. This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours’ physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional hospital program. “The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy, flexibility, and confidence," explains Bill Wiles, a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool. “Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment.”16.To treat pain, patients should stop moving around.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17.Headaches are partly caused by lack of exercise.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18.Exercise helps to take the pressure off the site of pain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19.Doctors often use drugs such as endorphins to treat patients.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20.Backache sufferers often end up taking more than one drug to kill pain.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21.Exercise helps pain sufferers to recover more quickly than traditional treatment.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22.New pain clinics ask patients to give up drugs completely.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

2011年职称英语（综合类）C级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。

1．His shoes were shined to perfection.A．clearedB．polishedC．washedD．mended正确答案：B解析：本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不明显。

查词典，找到shine的引申意思“擦亮”，选项里只有polish有擦亮鞋的意思，所以确定答案不难。

本题是送分题。

2．She can be relied on in a crisis.A．looked afterB．believed inC．turned onD．depended on正确答案：D解析：本题有一定难度，B的干扰性最大，但在确定词的精确意义后，可以发现，relied on和depended on都是”可以依靠的”意思，所以D是最佳答案。

3．Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A．admittedB．reportedC．hopedD．answered正确答案：A解析：本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不大，是送分题，可以确认，confessed 和admitted都是“承认”的意思，所以最佳答案是A。

4．The test produced disappointing results.A．unsatisfactoryB．indirectC．similarD．positive正确答案：A解析：本题难度不大，也是送分题，可以确认disappointing和unsatisfactory 都是“失望的，让人不满意的”意思，所以最佳答案是A。

5．My doctor said I should vary my diet more.A．changeB．prepareC．cookD．choose正确答案：A解析：本题难度不大，干扰项干扰不大，是送分题，可以确认vary和change 都是“变化”的意思，答案是A。

2011年全国大学生英语竞赛C级冲刺模拟试题Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30marks)Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stick _______ his opinion.A. atB. toC. forD. for32. student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A. EachB. AnyC. EitherD. One33. Obviously, the Chairman’s remarks at the conference were and not planned.A. substantialB. spontaneousC. simultaneousD. synthetic34. All substances , take up space.A. whether are liquid or solidB. whether are they liquid or solidC. be they liquid or solidD. no matter they are solid and liquid35. The girl was a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store.A. preliminarilyB. presumablyC. formallyD. formerly36. A Loan is a written document that states that a lender hasagreed to lend borrower a sum of money at certain rate of interest for a specific period of time, which may contain sets of conditionsand a date by which the loan must close.A. obligationB. dutyC. responsibilityD. commitment37. after a long walk, I couldn’t move a step farther.A. Having worn outB. Wearing outC. To wear out D Worn out38. Before the first non-stop flight made in l949, it necessary for allplanes to land for refueling.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. would have been39. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documentsand most business letters are the main situations formallanguage is used.A. in whichB. on whichC. in thatD. at what40. It took him several hours to ________the paper off all four walls.A. shearB. strikeC. scrapeD. chip41. ______ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized42. doubt there are a lot of natural resources in this country.A. Little do weB. Little weC. Seldom did weD. Few do we43. Although a teenager, Fred could resist what to do and what not to do.A. to be toldB. having been toldC. being toldD. to have been told44. M: Hello, Fred’s Motors.W: Hello, it’s Mrs. Williams here. I’m just phoning up because my Volvo is making very, very strange noises, and I wondered if you’d be able to have a look at it.M: Yeah. When was the last time you had it serviced?W: I think it was only about a month ago. But it’s a sort of knocking noise.M: Well, tomorrow morning, yeah?A. do itB. change itC. bring it inD. take it away45. M: What’s 53 times 115? I can’t .W: Why don’t you use a calculator?A. work it outB. count itC. have it doneD. work it upPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 35 marks) Section A (5 marks)In this section, there is one passage with five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C arid D. You should decide on the best choice, then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage.Mark Twain pointed out that if work were so pleasant, the rich would keep it for themselves. But however much people may think they dislike work, everyone has a deep psychological need for it. Everyone wants to be valued, and wages and salaries are the visible proof that we matter.Not all kinds of work qualify, however. No matter how worthwhile or demanding they might be, bringing up children, housework andvoluntary employment are not usually seen as proper jobs. The only proper job is one that provides paid employment. Being paid for a job in our society means higher personal status.Of course we would also prefer work to be useful, pleasant and interesting—and also well paid. But you don’t really have to enjoy your work to get pleasure from it. The fact that we have to overcome some difficulties that we have to deal with doing routine tasks, in some way gives us pleasure.For example, having to be in a particular place at a particular time, working as part of a team towards a common goal, gives us a sense of purpose. The modern workplace also provides somewhere where people can assert their identity or create a new one.Without work many people become untidy and lazy, and find they are unable to enjoy the leisure time which is available to them. When some people retire from work, they lose their sense of value and purpose. For most of their lives, their personality, self-image and status have been defined by work; without it they lose their appetite for life.People who suddenly lose their jobs can find the situation particularly difficult. At a single stoke they lose all the advantages and status that a paid job provides. In a culture dominated by work, they are seen by those with jobs as incompetent or lazy. It is little wonder that stress and illness occur more frequently among the unemployed.Employment is now changing, however. Information technology has already significantly altered the world of work. For many, the idea of a job for life is no longer realistic. Many people fear they will lose their jobs, and some are being persuaded to accept the possibility of part-time work. Even the workplace itself may become a thing of the past with more and more people working at home. This means that we may no longer be able to depend on work to define ourselves and our position in society, and that we will have to find new ways to give our lives a sense of value and purpose.Questions:46. Mark Twain pointed out that______.A. the rich should work moreB. work is not such a pleasurable thingC. the rich should keep all the work for themselvesD. work makes people rich47. People have a deep psychological need for work because______.A. they want to be richB. they like being told what to doC. everyone needs moneyD. they want to be valued and work proves this value48. People don’t have to enjoy their work to get pleasure from it because______.A. the salary makes them happyB. they get used to the routineC. coping with problems can be satisfyingD. they know their work is still useful49. People who have no work often______.A. enjoy their leisure timeB. develop a better self-imageC. have difficulty coping with the changeD. take an interest in new activities50. The arrival of information technology has______.A. enhanced people’s interest in workB. made work more stressfulC. made the workplace unnecessaryD. made people change their attitude to workSection B (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summery below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the blanks 51-55. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Companies say that in many cases, the benefits of foreign-language knowledge can lie outside the specific realm of business. That’s one reason why the programs are optional. Mayer says that the benefits are more to help each employee adjust to his or her new surroundings and to promote the company’s policy of being a good neighbor and becoming integrated into local communities than to help the executive conduct actual business.At IBM, company-subsidized foreign-language training is provided on a case-by-case basis, says Mia Vanstraelen, director of human resources for learning in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. If employees need foreign-language skills to do their job properly—for example, an expatriate manager who functions as the point person between an overseas operation and headquarters or a sales employee who deals with clients on the ground overseas—the company will provide financial support. In addition, company support is often available for employees seeking business-related skills to further their own careers within the company.A less-than-aggressive attitude toward foreign-language acquisition at the corporate level is typical, some experts say, and the reasons range from high cost to a lack of necessity. English, the language of business, the language of technology, the language of Hollywood, is the language to know in global business even forSummary:Some companies believe that foreign-language traditionally non-English-speaking countries.While Americans have to decide which second language might be most useful for their business careers according to their areas of interest, potential business professionals in other countries whose native language is not English have a clear answer to that question.And as more students worldwide learn to conduct business in English,its position as the language of commerce solidifies.Even multinationals that are headquartered in other countries are using English as the language of business, Van Someren says. He cites Sony’s Berlin headquarters as an example. In that office, which has about 400 employees, there are 45 different nationalities and almost as many languages, he says. “So the cost and effort associated with trying to teach everyone German when a lot of them will be moving on to other assignments in a matter of months probably doesn’t make a lot of sense,” he says. Language acquisition can be a slow process, and companies that need someone who speaks a foreign language can’t wait years for the right employee to gain the skills. When knowledge of a foreign language is what is specifically required, that’s the skill set human resources looks for. Lieberthal says that in many ways, training high-level employees in a foreign language such as Chinese simply doesn’t make good business sense.“It’s a large investment with high front-end costs.” Top executives could harm their careers by taking time off to study a language. In addition, he says, even if an executive were willing to put in the time to learn a language, the training just doesn’t make economic sense.An employer would have to not only cover the cost of language training as well as the executive’s salary, but also absorb whatever financial burden results from lost productivity. An executive sitting in the classroom memorizing vocabulary could be an investment in the future, but it would be a very costly one, Lieberthal says, and one that might not produce great returns.SectionC (10marks)In thissection,there ispassagefollowedby fiveand then complete the sentences in a maximum of three words for each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 56-60 are completed with the information given.Virgin Trains CarLinkHaving trouble finding a fast, easy way to get to or from the train station?Stop worrying. Let Virgin Trains CarLink drive you.If you’re travelling from the northwest of England, we’ll pick you up from your door, take you to the station and then meet you when you return.Or if you’re coming to the northwest of England, we’ll meet you off the train, take you where you want to go to and then—when you’re ready—take you back to the station.HOW it worksHow to bookTo secure a CarLink journey you must book in advance:•five days in advance of travel, if you book via the Virgin Train Line 0345 222 333.•by 18:00 the day before travel, if you book in person at a station.56. CarLink services operate in the .57. For each one-way journey you need to give the driver plusthe balance of the fare.58. You will still be picked up at the station even if your train .59. Bear in mind that if things change, call CarLink to inform your .60. To secure a CarLink journey you must book in advance by telephone or .Section D (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by five questions. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions in a maximum of ten words. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Of all the many factors which contributed to the Industrial Revolution, the most revolutionary and the most impressive was not coal but steam power. J. L. and Barbara Hammond said that steam power “declared the triumph of industry and the glory of man”. From clumsy and inefficient beginnings it was quickly improved to open up tremendous possibilities for industrial progress. The limitations of muscle—power are obvious, and though water had served well to work bellows and hammers in iron works，or to turn machinery like the water-frame and the mule in the textile industry, it could only be applied in a limited way in Britain. For water power is most useful in a land with many fast-flowing streams and apart from areas like the Pennines, Scotland, and Wales, this country’s rivers flow slowly. TheAlpine area of Europe, and much of the United States relied on water power for much longer than Britain, and hydroelectricity has brought water back into its own in many parts of the world. The geographical limitations of Britain’s water power, however, necessitated finding an alternative solution to the problem.When water vaporizes it expands 1,800 times. The idea of harnessing this energy is far from new. It was probably used by Hero of Alexandria in the 1st century B.C. to open temple doors or to pour libations apparently by magic. Hero’s writings were rediscovered during the Renaissance and many people, including, for example, the Marquis of Worcester (1601-1667) experimented with devices using steam. Regretfully, therefore, we must dismiss the old myth that steam power was born in the mind of a bright Scots lad called James Watt as he sat one winter’s evening watching his mother’s kettle boil on the hearth. Watt’s contribution to steam is incalculable, but steam-pumps had been used in Britain for over seventy years before he began his work.The first steam-engine used in industry was invented by Thomas Savery (1650-1715). Called “The Miners’ Friend or an engine to raise water by fire”, it was patented in 1698 and worked on simple principles. It pumped water from wells quite efficiently and was used successfully in Cornish copper-mines, but its limitations were revealed when it was tried in the Broadwater Collieries in Staffordshire in 1706 and was found to be capable of pumping water up no more than 100 feet. When greater pressure was used the boiler burst. Therefore, Savery’s engine was used to supply water in gentlemen’s houses or to work fountains—tasks it could perform effectively, though not quite safely as there was no pressure-gauge.It was Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), a Dartmouth blacksmith and ironmonger, who produced the first steam-pump to be used widely in industry. It was known as an “atmospheric engine” because, in contrast to Savery’s engine, the steam in the cylinder was not used to drive the pump but only to create a partial vacuum when condensed. Ordinary air pressure drove the piston into the cylinderand this raised the pump which was connected to the piston by a see-sawing cross-beam. A large piston meant that it was possible to gain more force without increasing steam pressure and this made Newcomen’s engine much more powerful than Savery’s.The first engine was made about 1706 but it was a clumsy affair. The piston did not fit tightly into the cylinder and condensation，which was achieved by pouring cold water on the outside of the cylinder，was far from complete. Moreover，the tap controlling the passage of steam into the cylinder was worked by hand seven or eight times a minute. These difficulties were ironed out by 1720；water was now sprayed into the cylinder to improve condensation, the operation of the taps had been made automatic, and a safety-valve had been fitted to eliminate the danger of explosion.The improved engine soon became standard equipment in most large mines，and it was also used to pump water into canals and to supply drinking-water in towns. It is difficult to know exactly how many were in use by the second half of the 18th century but in 1767 fifty-seven were found around Newcastle，and there were eighteen in Cornish mines in 1780.Questions:61. Why could water power only be applied in a limited way in Britain?62. Who was the first person mentioned in the text trying to use steam power?63. Who invented the first steam engine used in industry?64. How was Newcomen’s engine different from that of Savery’s?65. What was installed to the first engine to prevent explosion?Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes, 15 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to thecontext; using the correct form of the given word; according to the given letters of a word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.There are many wedding traditions in the West. And some of them date back to several hundreds of years and most of their origins have their (66) r in ancient superstitious beliefs.“Something old, new, borrowed and blue” is a popular bridal attire (盛装) rhyme. It dates from the Victorian times. Something old refers (67) wearing something that represents a link with the bride’s family and her (68) (precede) life. Usually, the bride wears a piece of family jewelry or maybe her mother’s or grandmother’s wedding dress. Wearing something new (69) (symbol) good fortune and success in the bride’s new life.The bride’s wedding dress is usually chosen, or purchased new, (70) b it can be any other new item of the bride’s wedding attire. Wearing something borrowed is meant to (71) b good luck to the marriage. It could be an item of bridal clothing, a handkerchief or an item of jewelry. Wearing something blue dates back to biblical times (72) the color blue was considered to represent purity and fidelity.The custom of the wedding veil is thought to (73) pre the wedding dress by centuries. One explanation for it is that during the times of arranged marriage, the bride’s face was covered until the groom was committed (74) her at the ceremony—so it would be too late for him to run off if he did not like the look of her! It is also thought that rite veal was worn to (75) pr the bride from evil spirits that would be floating around on her wedding day. This is why the veal covers the brides’ face throughout the ceremony until the minister (76) p the couple man and wife.And traditionally a bride’s (77) (engage) ring and wedding ring are worn on the fourth finger of the left hand. (78) Th no precise evidence explains the origin of this tradition, one belief is strongly held to it. It (79) ori from the 17th century. During a wedding then, the priest arrived at the fourth finger (80) a touching thethree fingers on the left hand “... in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost”.Part Ⅴ Translation (15 minutes, 20 marks)Section A (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.(81) For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, “Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) we couldn’t afford”. (82) With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters, transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. (83) It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.(84) There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. (85) I regret my impatience to get on with my career; I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watchingthe world through my little girl’s eyes.Section B (10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.86. 有时候对一个人来说需要终生的时间才能懂得活着就是为了奉献。

2011年全国公共英语三级考试(pets3)全真模拟试卷(1)总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：120分Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 听力A(1){MP3:/NewsFiles/2011-8/22/-000000/pets301.mp3}What is the woman＇s reply?A. She knows Professor Arnold has comeB. She think Professor Arnold has checked inC. She is sure that Professor Arnold has arrivedD. She doesn't know whether Professor Arnold has arrived(2)Who answered the phone?(3)How does the man feel about his grade?A. It was an inprovementB. It was disappointingC. It was unfairD. It was satisfying(4)What does the woman mean?(5)What subject does the man teach now?(6)Where does this conversation most probably take place?(7)Where do the speakers work?(8)What does the man mean?(9)What can we learn from the conversation?(10)How are the guests going to New York?听力B(1)下面，请听{TSE}题。

(2)Where was the man born?(3)How often is the bus scheduled to pass their stop?(4)下面，请听{TSE}题。

2011年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（C级）试题题解第1部分：词汇选项1 A eventually 和 finally 同义，都表示"最后、最终"的意思，又如: They met with difficulties and dangers on their way, but eventualJy they got to the destination. 他们一路上遭遇种种险阻，但最终到达了目的地。

certainly肯定地，luckily 幸运地，naturally 自然地。

2 C propose 和 suggest 是同义词，都是"建议、提议、提出"的意思，注意用法略有不同，两者后面都可以跟动词的-ing 形式，但是propose后面可以用动词不定式，suggest 则不可以。

可以说 We propose to have a meeting. 但是不可以说 We suggest t have a meeting。

test 测试、检验，announce 宣布、公布。

3 C rely on 是个很常用的动词短语，意为"依靠、依赖"，和 depend on 同义。

4 D explore 是"探索、探险、摸索"的意思，investigate 除了常用的 "调查" 这层意思外，也具有"探索"这样的意义，本句的意思是:在会议上我们探索了扩充的可能性。

5 C brief 这个形容词可以解释"简单的"，也有"简短的、短暂的"的意思，如 a brief talk/introduction 简短的谈话/介绍，a brief visit 短暂的访问。

6 D vary 意为"变化、改变"，故用 change 替换。

本句的意思是:我的医生说我的饮食应该更多样化。

2011年职称英语考试（理工类B级）全真模拟试卷题(1)总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：120分第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

(1)She <U>eventually</U> married the most persistent one of her admirers.(2)Five minutes left, the <U>outcome</U> of the match was still in doubt.(3)The reporter was accused of unprofessional <U>conduct</U>.(4)He made a <U>considerable</U> sum of money in real estate.(5)A crowd <U>gathered</U> to see what had happened.(6)If I made a mistake, I will try to <U>remedy</U> it.(7)We <U>derive</U> information mainly from the Internet.(8)His sole <U>motive</U> was to make her happy.(9)He could not <U>tolerate</U> the extremes of heat in the desert.(10)These factors interact <U>intimately</U> and cannot be separated.(11)She <U>exhibited</U> great powers of endurance during the climb.(12)The <U>eternal</U> motion of the stars fascinated him.(13)She could not answer, it was an <U>immense</U> load off her heart.(14)The book made a great <U>impact</U> on its readers.(15)Accompanied by <U>cheerful</U> music, we began to dance.第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2011年全国大学生英语竞赛C级冲刺模拟试题一及详解Part ⅠListening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30marks)（略）Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stick _______ his opinion.A. atB. toC. forD. for32. student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A. EachB. AnyC. EitherD. One33. Obviously, the Chairman’s remarks at the conference were and not planned.A. substantialB. spontaneousC. simultaneousD. synthetic34. All substances , take up space.A. whether are liquid or solidB. whether are they liquid or solidC. be they liquid or solidD. no matter they are solid and liquid35. The girl was a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department store.A. preliminarilyB. presumablyC. formallyD. formerly36. A Loan is a written document that states that a lender has agreed to lend borrower a sum of money atcertain rate of interest for a specific period of time, which may contain sets of conditions and a date by which the loan must close.A. obligationB. dutyC. responsibilityD. commitment37. after a long walk, I couldn’t move a step farther.A. Having worn outB. Wearing outC. To wear out D Worn out38. Before the first non-stop flight made in l949, it necessary for all planes to land for refueling.A. would beB. has beenC. had beenD. would have been39. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the mainsituations formal language is used.A. in whichB. on whichC. in thatD. at what40. It took him several hours to ________the paper off all four walls.A. shearB. strikeC. scrapeD. chip41. ______ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized42. doubt there are a lot of natural resources in this country.A. Little do weB. Little weC. Seldom did weD. Few do we43. Although a teenager, Fred could resist what to do and what not to do.A. to be toldB. having been toldC. being toldD. to have been told44. M: Hello, Fred’s Motors.W: Hello, it’s Mrs. Williams here. I’m just phoning up because my V olvo is making very, very strange noises, and I wondered if you’d be able to have a look at it.M: Yeah. When was the last time you had it serviced?W: I think it was only about a month ago. But it’s a sort of knocking noise.M: Well, tomorrow morning, yeah?A. do itB. change itC. bring it inD. take it away45. M: What’s 53 times 115? I can’t .W: Why don’t you use a calculator?A. work it outB. count itC. have it doneD. work it upPart ⅢReading Comprehension (20 minutes, 35 marks)Section A (5 marks)In this section, there is one passage with five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C arid D. You should decide on the best choice, then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage.Mark Twain pointed out that if work were so pleasant, the rich would keep it for themselves. But however much people may think they dislike work, everyone has a deep psychological need for it. Everyone wants to be valued, and wages and salaries are the visible proof that we matter.Not all kinds of work qualify, however. No matter how worthwhile or demanding they might be, bringing up children, housework and voluntary employment are not usually seen as proper jobs. The only proper job is one that provides paid employment. Being paid for a job in our society means higher personal status.Of course we would also prefer work to be useful, pleasant and interesting—and also well paid. But you don’t really have to enjoy your work to get pleasure from it. The fact that we have to overcome some difficulties that we have to deal with doing routine tasks, in some way gives us pleasure.For example, having to be in a particular place at a particular time, working as part of a team towards a common goal, gives us a sense of purpose. The modern workplace also provides somewhere where people can assert their identity or create a new one.Without work many people become untidy and lazy, and find they are unable to enjoy the leisure time which is available to them. When some people retire from work, they lose their sense of value and purpose. For most of their lives, their personality, self-image and status have been defined by work; without it they lose their appetite for life.People who suddenly lose their jobs can find the situation particularly difficult. At a single stoke they lose all the advantages and status that a paid job provides. In a culture dominated by work, they are seen by those with jobs as incompetent or lazy. It is little wonder that stress and illness occur more frequently among the unemployed.Employment is now changing, however. Information technology has already significantly altered the world of work. For many, the idea of a job for life is no longer realistic. Many people fear they will lose their jobs, and some are being persuaded to accept the possibility of part-time work. Even the workplace itself may become a thing of the past with more and more people working at home. This means that we may no longer be able to depend on work to define ourselves and our position in society, and that we will have to find new ways to give our lives a sense of value and purpose.Questions:46. Mark Twain pointed out that______.A. the rich should work moreB. work is not such a pleasurable thingC. the rich should keep all the work for themselvesD. work makes people rich47. People have a deep psychological need for work because______.A. they want to be richB. they like being told what to doC. everyone needs moneyD. they want to be valued and work proves this value48. People don’t have to enjoy their work to get pleasure from it because______.A. the salary makes them happyB. they get used to the routineC. coping with problems can be satisfyingD. they know their work is still useful49. People who have no work often______.A. enjoy their leisure timeB. develop a better self-imageC. have difficulty coping with the changeD. take an interest in new activities50. The arrival of information technology has______.A. enhanced people’s interest in workB. made work more stressfulC. made the workplace unnecessaryD. made people change their attitude to workSection B (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summery below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the blanks 51-55. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Companies say that in many cases, the benefits of foreign-language knowledge can lie outside the specific realm of business. That’s one reason why the programs are optional. Mayer says that the benefits are more to help each employee adjust to his or her new surroundings and to promote the company’s policy of being a good neighbor and becoming integrated into local communities than to help the executive conduct actual business.At IBM, company-subsidized foreign-language training is provided on a case-by-case basis, says Mia Vanstraelen, director of human resources for learning in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. If employees need foreign-language skills to do their job properly—for example, an expatriate manager who functions as the point person between an overseas operation and headquarters or a sales employee who deals with clients on the ground overseas—the company will provide financial support. In addition, company support is often available for employees seeking business-related skills to further their own careers within the company.A less-than-aggressive attitude toward foreign-language acquisition at the corporate level is typical, some experts say, and the reasons range from high cost to a lack of necessity. English, the language of business, the language of technology, the language of Hollywood, is the language to know in global business even for traditionally non-English-speaking countries.While Americans have to decide which second language might be most useful for their business careers according to their areas of interest, potential business professionals in other countries whose native language is not English have a clear answer to that question. And as more students worldwide learn to conduct business in English, its position as the language of commerce solidifies.Even multinationals that are headquartered in other countries are using English as the language of business, Van Someren says. He cites Sony’s Berlin headquarters as an example. In that office, which has about 400employees, there are 45 diff erent nationalities and almost as many languages, he says. “So the cost and effort associated with trying to teach everyone German when a lot of them will be moving on to other assignments in a matter of months probably doesn ’t make a lot of sense,” he say s. Language acquisition can be a slow process, and companies that need someone who speaks a foreign language can ’t wait years for the right employee to gain the skills. When knowledge of a foreign language is what is specifically required, that ’s the skill set human resources looks for. Lieberthal says that in many ways, training high-level employees in a foreign language such as Chinese simply doesn ’t make good business sense. “It’s a large investment with high front-end costs.” Top executives could harm their careers by taking time off to study a language. In addition, he says, even if an executive were willing to put in the time to learn a language, the training just doesn ’t make economic sense. An employer would have to not only cover the cost of language training as well as the executive ’s salary, but also absorb whatever financial burden results from lost productivity. An executive sitting in the classroom memorizing vocabulary could be an investment in the future, but it would be a very costly one, Lieberthal says, and one that might not produce great returns.Section C (10marks)In this section,there is passagefollowed by fiveuncompletedsentences. Read thepassage carefully,and then complete the sentences in a maximum of three words for each blank. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 56-60 are completed with the information given.Virgin Trains CarLinkHaving trouble finding a fast, easy way to get to or from the train station?Stop worrying. Let Virgin Trains CarLink drive you.If you ’re travelling from the northwest of England, we ’ll pick you up from your door, take you to the stationand then meet you when you return.Or if you ’re coming to the northwest of England, we ’ll meet you off the train, take you where you want to goto and then —when you ’re ready —take you back to the station.HOW it worksSummary: Some companies believe that foreign-language ability plays an unimportant role in (51) , but it does help their employees become (52) into a foreign environment. IBM offers (53) to employees who need foreign language skills to do their job well. Because of the high cost and lack of necessity, corporations do not think training executives in a foreign language makes (54) and believe it may not generate (55) .How to bookTo secure a CarLink journey you must book in advance:•five days in advance of travel, if you book via the Virgin Train Line 0345 222 333.•by 18:00 the day before travel, if you book in person at a station.56. CarLink services operate in the .57. For each one-way journey you need to give the driver plus the balance of the fare.58. You will still be picked up at the station even if your train .59. Bear in mind that if things change, call CarLink to inform your .60. To secure a CarLink journey you must book in advance by telephone or .Section D (10 marks)In this section, there is one passage followed by five questions. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions in a maximum of ten words. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.Of all the many factors which contributed to the Industrial Revolution, the most revolutionary and the most impressive was not coal but steam power. J. L. and Barbara Hammond said that steam power “declared the triumph of industry and the glory of man”. From clumsy and inefficient beginnings it was quickly improved to open up tremendous possibilities for industrial progress. The limitations of muscle—power are obvious, and though water had served well to work bellows and hammers in iron works，or to turn machinery like the water-frame and the mule in the textile industry, it could only be applied in a limited way in Britain. For water power is most useful in a land with many fast-flowing streams and apart from areas like the Pennines, Scotland, and Wales, this country’s rivers flow slowly. The Alpine area of Europe, and much of the United States relied on water power for much longer than Britain, and hydroelectricity has brought water back into its own in many parts of the world. The geographical limitations of Britain’s water power, however, necessitated finding an alternative solution to the problem.When water vaporizes it expands 1,800 times. The idea of harnessing this energy is far from new. It was probably used by Hero of Alexandria in the 1st century B.C. to open temple doors or to pour libations apparently by magic. Hero’s writings were rediscovered during the Renaissance and many people, including, for example, the Marquis of Worcester (1601-1667) experimented with devices using steam. Regretfully, therefore, we must dismiss the old myth that steam power was born in the mind of a bright Scots lad called James Watt as he sat one winter’s evening watching his mother’s kettle boil on the hearth. Watt’s contribution to steam is incalculable, but steam-pumps had been used in Britain for over seventy years before he began his work.The first steam-engine used in industry was invented by Thomas Savery (1650-1715). Called “The Miners’Friend or an engine to raise water by fire”, it was patented in 1698 and worked on simple principles. It pumped water from wells quite efficiently and was used successfully in Cornish copper-mines, but its limitations were revealed when it was tried in the Broadwater Collieries in Staffordshire in 1706 and was found to be capable of pumping water up no more than 100 feet. When greater pressure was used the boiler burst. Therefore, Savery’s engine was used to supply water in gentlemen’s houses or to work fountains—tasks it could perform effectively, though not quite safely as there was no pressure-gauge.It was Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), a Dartmouth blacksmith and ironmonger, who produced the first steam-pump to be used widely in industry. It was known as an “atmospheric engine”because, in contrast to Savery’s engine, the steam in the cylinder was not used to drive the pump but only to create a partial vacuum when condensed. Ordinary air pressure drove the piston into the cylinder and this raised the pump which was connected to the piston by a see-sawing cross-beam. A large piston meant that it was possible to gain more force without increasing steam pressure and this made Newcomen’s engine much more powerful than Savery’s.The first engine was made about 1706 but it was a clumsy affair. The piston did not fit tightly into the cylinder and condensation，which was achieved by pouring cold water on the outside of the cylinder，was far from complete. Moreover，the tap controlling the passage of steam into the cylinder was worked by hand seven or eight times a minute. These difficulties were ironed out by 1720；water was now sprayed into the cylinder to improve condensation, the operation of the taps had been made automatic, and a safety-valve had been fitted to eliminate the danger of explosion.The improved engine soon became standard equipment in most large mines，and it was also used to pump water into canals and to supply drinking-water in towns. It is difficult to know exactly how many were in use by the second half of the 18th century but in 1767 fifty-seven were found around Newcastle，and there were eighteen in Cornish mines in 1780.Questions:61. Why could water power only be applied in a limited way in Britain?62. Who was the first person mentioned in the text trying to use steam power?63. Who invented the first steam engine used in industry?64. How was Newcomen’s engine different from that of Savery’s?65. What was installed to the first engine to prevent explosion?Part ⅣCloze (15 minutes, 15 marks)Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the word in one of the following three ways: according to the context; using the correct form of the given word; according to the given letters of a word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.There are many wedding traditions in the West. And some of them date back to several hundreds of years and most of their origins have their (66) r in ancient superstitious beliefs.“Something old, new, borrowed and blue” is a popular bridal attire (盛装) rhyme. It dates from the Victorian times. Something old refers (67) wearing something that represents a link with the bride’s family and her (68) (precede) life. Usually, the bride wears a piece of family jewelry or maybe her mother’s or gran dmother’s wedding dress. Wearing something new (69) (symbol) good fortune and success in the bride’s new life.The bride’s wedding dress is usually chosen, or purchased new, (70) b it can be any other new item of the bride’s wedding attire. Weari ng something borrowed is meant to (71) b good luck to the marriage. It could be an item of bridal clothing, a handkerchief or an item of jewelry. Wearing something blue dates back to biblical times (72) the color blue was considered to represent purity and fidelity.The custom of the wedding veil is thought to (73) pre the wedding dress by centuries. One explanation for it is that during the times of arranged marriage, the bride’s face was covered until the groom was committed (74) her at the ceremony—so it would be too late for him to run off if he did not like the look of her! It is also thought that rite veal was worn to (75) pr the bride from evil spirits that would be floating around on her wedding day. This is why the ve al covers the brides’ face throughout the ceremony until the minister (76) p the couple man and wife.And traditionally a bride’s (77) (engage) ring and wedding ring are worn on the fourth finger of the left hand. (78) Th no precise evidence explains the origin of this tradition, one belief is strongly held to it. It (79) ori from the 17th century. During a wedding then, the priest arrived at the fourth finger (80) a touching the three fingers on the left hand “... in the name o f the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost”.Part ⅤTranslation (15 minutes, 20 marks)Section A (10 marks)Translate the underlined sentences of the following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.(81) For many women choosing whether to work or not to work outside their home is a luxury: they must work to survive. Others face a hard decision.Perhaps the easiest choice has to do with economics. One husband said, “Marge and I decided after careful consideration that for her to go back to work at this moment was an extravagance (奢侈) we couldn’t afford”. (82) With two preschool children, it soon became clear in their figuring that with babysitters, transportation, and increased taxes, rather than having more money, they might actually end up with less.Economic factors are usually the first to be considered, but they are not the most important. The most important aspects of the decision have to do with the emotional needs of each member of the family. (83) It is in this area that husbands and wives find themselves having to face many confusing and conflicting feelings.(84) There are many women who find that homemaking is boring or who feel imprisoned (被囚禁) if they have to stay home with a young child or several children. On the other hand, there are women who think that homemaking gives them the deepest satisfaction.From my own experience, I would like to suggest that sometimes the decision to go back to is made in too much haste. There are few decisions that I now regret more. I wasn’t mature enough to see how much I could have gained at home. (85) I regret my impatience to get on with my career; I wish I had allowed myself the luxury of watching the world through my little girl’s eyes.Section B (10 marks)Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.86. 有时候对一个人来说需要终生的时间才能懂得活着就是为了奉献。