高二人教版化学第三章有机化学测试题
一. 单选题1. 在农业上常用稀释的福尔马林来浸种，给种子消毒。该溶液中含有（ ）A. 甲醇 B. 甲醛C. 甲酸 D. 乙醇 2. 常温常压下为无色液体，而且密度大于水的是（ ）① 苯② 硝基苯③ 溴苯④ 四氯化碳 ⑤ 溴乙烷⑥ 乙酸乙酯 A. ①⑥ B. ②③④⑥ C. ②③④⑤ D. ③④⑤⑥
3. 常温常压下为气体的有机物是（ ）① 一氯甲烷 ② 二氯甲烷 ③ 甲醇 ④ 甲醛 ⑤ 甲酸 ⑥ 甲酸甲酯 A. ①②B. ②④⑤C. ③⑤⑥D. ①④
4. 结构简式是 CHO CHCH CH 22= 的物质不能发生（ ）A. 加成反应 B. 还原反应C. 水解反应D. 氧化反应
5. 下列有机物命名正确的是（ ）
A. 2,2,3－三甲基丁烷
B. 2－乙基戊烷
C. 2－甲基－1－丁炔
D. 2,2－甲基－1－丁烯 6. 下列各化学式中，只表示一种纯净物的是（ ）A. C 2H 4O B. C 3H 6 C. C 2H 3Br D. C
7. 下列有机物能使酸性KMnO 4溶液褪色，而不能因化学反应而使溴水褪色的是（ ）A. 苯B. 甲苯C. 乙烯D. 丙炔8. 2001年9月1日将执行国家食品卫生标准规定，酱油中3－氯丙醇(ClCH 2CH 2CH 2OH)含量不超过1ppm 。相对分子质量为94.5的氯丙醇（不含
Cl
OH C --结构）共有（ ）A. 5种B. 4种C. 3种D. 2种
9. 苯的同系物C 8H 10，在铁催化剂下与液溴反应，其中只能生成一种一溴化物的是（ ）
A.
C 2H 5
B.
CH 3
CH 3
C.
CH 3
CH 3
D.
10. 检验酒精中是否含有水，可选用的试剂是（ ）
A. 金属钠
B. 浓H 2SO 4
C. 无水CuSO 4
D. 胆矾11. 下列过程中，不涉及化学变化的是（ ）A. 用明矾净化水B. 甘油加水作护肤剂C. 烹鱼时，加入少量的料酒和食醋可减少腥味，增加香味D. 烧菜用过的铁锅，经放置常出现红棕色斑迹 12. 等质量的铜片在酒精灯上热后分别插入下列液体，片刻取出，铜片质量不变的是（ ）A. 盐酸 B. 无水乙醇 C. 冰醋酸 D. 乙醛 13. 结构简式为的有机物， 不能发生的反应是（ ）A. 消去反应B. 加成反应C. 酯化反应 D. 银镜反应
14. L —多巴是一种有机物，它可用于帕金森综合症的治疗，其结构简式如下：（ ）
下列关于L —多巴酸碱性的叙述正确的是（ ）
A. 既没有酸性，又没有碱性
B. 既具有酸性，又具有碱性
C. 只有酸性，没有碱性
D. 只有碱性，没有酸性 15. 欲除去下列物质中混入的少量杂质（括号内物质为杂质），不能达到目的的是（ ） A. 乙酸乙酯（乙酸）：加饱和Na 2CO 3溶液，充分振荡静置后，分液B. 乙醇（水）：加入新制生石灰，蒸馏C. 溴苯（溴）：加入NaOH 溶液，充分振荡静置后，分液D. 乙酸（乙醇）：加入金属钠，蒸馏 16. 已知甲、乙两种烃的含碳的质量分数相同，下列判断正确的是（ ）A. 甲和乙一定是同分异构体B. 甲和乙的实验式一定相同C. 甲和乙不可能是同系物D. 等质量的甲和乙完全燃烧生成水的质量一定相等 17. 下列各组物质之间，一定是互为同系物的是（）A. HCHO 与HCOOCH 3B. HOCH 2CH 3 与CH 3COOH C. HCOOH 与 C 17H 35COOHD. C 2H 4 与 C 3H 6 18. 具有单双键交替长链（如：—CH ＝CH —CH ＝CH —CH ＝CH —……）的高分子有可能成为导电塑料，获得2000年诺贝尔化学奖。下列分子中可能成为导电塑料的是（ ）A. 聚乙炔 B. 聚乙烯 C. 聚苯乙烯 D. 聚丁二烯
19. 甲酸甲酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸甲酯组成的混合脂中，若氧元素的质量分数为30%，那么氢元素的质量分
数为（ ）A. 10% B. 15% C. 20% D. 无法确定
20. 已知化合物B 3N 3H 6（硼氮苯）与C 6H 6（苯）的分子结构相似，如下图。 则硼氮苯的二氯取代物B 3N 3H 4Cl 2的同分异构体的数目为（ ）
A. 6
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2 21. 将一定量有机物充分燃烧后的产物通入足量石灰水中完全吸收，经过滤得到20g 白色沉淀，滤液质量比原石灰水减少5.8g ，该有机物是（ ）A. 甲烷 B. 乙烯 C. 乙醇 D. 甲酸甲酯
24. 下列选项中说明乙醇作为燃料的优点的是（ ）① 燃烧时发生氧化反应② 充分燃烧的产物不污染环境③ 乙醇是一种再生能源④ 燃烧时放出大量热量A. ①②③B. ①②④C. ①③④D. ②③④
二. 填空题25. 化学式为C 6H 12的某烯烃的所有碳原子都在同一平面上，则该烯烃的结构简式是______。
26. 某烯烃，经与氢气加成反应可得到结构简式为 3
CH
3
CH 2Cl
CH 2CH C 2OH
CH 2CHO
OH
NH 2CH 2CHCOOH HO
H
H
H H H H
H N
B H N
B H
N B H H 3
3
333|
|
||CH CH C CH CH CH CH CH ----
的烷烃，则此烯烃可能的结构简式是：___________、___________、___________。
30. 有以下一系列反应，最终产物为草酸。
A
光?
?→
?
2
Br B ???
?
?→
?醇
,
NaOH
C ?
?→
?水2Br D ?
?
?
?→
?O
H
NaOH
2
, E ??
?
?
?→
?催化剂
,
2
O
F ??
?
?
?→
?催化剂
,
2
O
COOH
COOH
|
已知B的相对分子质量比A的大79，请推测用字母代表的化合物的结构式：
C是_____________，F是______________。
31. 实验室进行实验①制乙烯②制乙炔③石油分馏④苯的硝化⑤制溴苯⑥制乙酸乙
34.
（C 6H 10O 8），B 和C A 、B 、C B RCHO 最易，R —请在下列空格中填写A A ：_________ B E ：_________ F 三. 计算题
35. 将某烷烃0.88g 量增加4.08g
36. 已知由某一元羧酸与甲醇生成的酯。取0.68g 该酯与40mL 0.2mol/L 的NaOH 溶液混合加热，使其完全水解后，再用0.2mol/L 的盐酸中和剩余的碱，耗去15mL 盐酸。另取27.2g 该酯，完全燃烧后得到70.4g CO 2和14.4g 水。求：（1）该酯的最简式；（2）该酯的相对分子质量；（3）该酯的结构简式的名称。
37含有一元饱和醛的水溶液84克，其中含醛A 为22.4克，加入另一饱和一元醛B 16克后，
从混合液中取出2.5克，在足量的银氨溶液中加入2.5克混合液，加热后得到4.32克银。已知醛A 比醛B 少一个碳原子。求A 、B 各是什么醛，并写出它们的结构简式。
25. CH
CH 3
3
CH
CH 3
CH 3
26.
CH 2
CH
CH 3CH 3C CH 3CH 3
CH 3
、CH 3
C
CH 3C
CH 3C CH 3
3
CH 3
、CH 3
C
CH 3CH 2C CH 3CH 3
CH 3
27. （1）③④（2）①④（3）②（4）①②④28. A ：乙酸乙酯 B ：乙酸钠 C ：乙醇 D ：乙醛 E ：乙酸 F ：乙烯 G ：甲烷 H ：1，2—二溴乙烷29. ① 硝化② 氯化③ 氧化 ④ 酯化⑤ 还原 30. C ：22CH CH
F ：HO C CHO |
31.（1）②⑤
（2）④ （3）①③④，①（4）①③（5）①④⑥
33.（1）B 和C （2）E CH 2CH 2COOH
（3）还原（或加成、加氢、催化加氢等） 34. A. CHO CHOH HOCH 42)(
B. COOH CHOH HOCH 42)(
C. COOH CHOH HOOC 4)(
D. OH CH CHOH HOCH 242)(
E. HO HO
O CH
CH 2OH
O
或
HO HO
CH CH
C
O O
CH CH
CH 2OH F.
HO
O
HO O CH 2OH 或
HO
CH CH
C
O
O CH
CH 2OH
HO
CH
三. 计算题
35. 解：g
n O
H n CO n O n H C g
n n n )214()1(2
1
3)1862(22222+++→++
++
g 88.0 g 08.4 3=n 一氯化物为Cl CH CH CH 223，33CHClCH CH 答：略 36. 解（1）有机物中
mol
mol g g
C n 6.1444.70)(=?=
g C m 2.19)(=
mol
mol g g H n 6.1182
4.14)(=??=
g H m 6.1)(=
mol
mol
g g
g g O n 4.0166.12.192.27)(=?--=
1:4:4)(:)(:)(=O n H n C n 最简式为
O H C 44式量为68 （2）酯与NaOH 溶液反应中消耗)(NaOH n
mol L L L mol NaOH n 005.0)015.004.0(/2.0)(=-?=
OH CH RCOONa NaOH RCOOCH 33+→+
1 1
mol 005.0 mol 005.0
1
3136005.068.0)(-?==
mol g mol g
RCOOCH M 相对分子质量为136 （3）设分子式为x O H C )(44
2681361
1
=??=--mol g mol g X 分子式为288O H C 结构简式为
O
C
O
CH 3
名称为苯甲酸甲酯
37原溶液中含A 醛84*26.67%=22.4 g,加入B 醛后,溶液总质量为100g,从混合液中取出 2.5克,实际取出A 醛22.4*2.5%=0.56g,B 醛16*2.5%=0.4g,一共是0.96g 饱和一元醛；得到4.32克银,合0.04mol,说明醛一共是0.02mol ；这样一来,混合醛的平均摩尔质量就是0.96/0.02=48,已知A 比B 少一个碳,所以它们是乙醛（44）和丙醛（58）.
【题文】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience , there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often :ability , money , and time 36 .Money is a topic I’ll save for another day .So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spen t in the kitchen .Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule : 1.Think ahead .The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat .So think ahead of the coming week .When will you have time to cook ?Do you have the right materials already ? 37 . 2.Make your time worth it .When you do find time to cook a meal , make the most of it and save yourself time later on .Are you making one loaf of bread ? 38 .It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something .So save yourself the effort for future meal . 3.39 This may surprise you , but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation .It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule. Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40_______ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. D. Understand your food better. E. Cooking is a burden for many people. F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. BGCAF
根据以上规律判断，上列结论正确的是 A 反应Ⅰ：△H＞0，P2＞P1 B 反应Ⅱ：△H＜0，T1＜T2 C 反应Ⅲ：△H＞0，T2＞T1；或△H＜0，T2＜T1 D 反应Ⅳ：△H＜0 T2＞T1 4、注重整合，适度综合，增大知识覆盖面 在理科综合卷中有一些比较单一的题，图象也多是一幅图，但更多的是涉及多个知识点的试题，为体现学科内综合特点，增大知识覆盖面，往往是在一道题中对化学反应速率和化学平衡进行或简单或程度较高的综合，综合的形式是4个选项涉及4个不同方面、对4个图象进行分析、对表格中的多组数据进行处理、在Ⅱ卷大题中进行综合设问等。 如：06年天津卷第11题：某温度下，体积一定的密闭容器中进行如下可逆反应： X(g)＋Y(g)Z(g)＋W(s)：△H＞0 下列叙述正确的是 A 加入少量W，逆反应速率增大 B 当容器中气体压强不变时，反应达到平衡 C 升高温度，平衡逆向移动 D 平衡后加入X，上述反应的△H增大 5、形式新颖，灵活多变，彰显能力立意 试题在题型上似乎没有明显的变化，但创新性仍是非常突出的。给人的感觉是化学反应速率的计算和平衡图象的分析更加灵活多变（如06年四川、江苏题）；对化学反应速率的变化、化学平衡移动的起因、过程和结果、多种平衡状态的比较等考查的更加透彻（如06年重庆、广东题）；对等效平衡的考查更有深度（如05年江苏题）；总有出乎意料的“亮点”（如06年天津卷加入反应物与△H的关系）。这样的题目推陈出新，不落俗套，体现的是能力立意，考查的是灵活运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。 三、命题预测 1、稳定高考命题的指导思想一直是稳中有变，2007年高考对化学平衡的考 查也会在题型、题量、赋分、取材、命题风格上保持相对稳定。鉴于05、06年的综合题中化学平衡几乎都占1/16，04和06年的湖北卷几乎都未考平衡，所以07年试卷中出一道选择题的可能性是最大的。同时，近年综合卷中难觅大题踪影，因此，以大型填空题或填空、实验、计算相融合的综合题来考查化学平衡的可能性也是存在的。 2、创新创新是试题的灵魂和魅力所在。化学平衡中包含很广阔的创新空间， 如化学反应速率和化学平衡的实验分析和设计、灵活多变的化学平衡图象、小巧新颖的速率和平衡计算等，特别是在情景、取材上创新，在图象上创新，化学平衡的思想和勒夏特列原理在其它平衡体系中的应用等值得关注。
2011 Money Matters Parents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. 1. The basic function of money Being explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services. It is important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier （收银员）. 72 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money. 2. Money lessons Approach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no to a child’s request to spend money, explain, ”You have enough toy trucks for now.”Or, if the request is for many different things, say. “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.” 3. 74 Begin at the grocery store. Pick put similar brands of a product—a name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品),for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explains how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases. A. Wise decision. B. The value of money. C. Permit the child why he can—or cannot—have certain things. D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store. G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.
高考化学复习 化学平衡常数及其计算 1．随着汽车数量的逐年增多，汽车尾气污染已成为突出的环境问题之一。反应：2NO(g)＋2CO(g) 2CO 2(g)＋N 2(g)可用于净化汽车尾气，已知该反应速率极慢，570 K 时平 衡常数为1×1059 。下列说法正确的是( ) A ．提高尾气净化效率的最佳途径是研制高效催化剂 B ．提高尾气净化效率的常用方法是升高温度 C ．装有尾气净化装置的汽车排出的气体中不再含有NO 或CO D ．570 K 时，及时抽走CO 2、N 2，平衡常数将会增大，尾气净化效率更佳 解析：提高尾气净化效率的最佳途径是研制高效催化剂，加快反应速率，A 正确，B 错误；题中反应为可逆反应，装有尾气净化装置的汽车排出的气体中仍然含有NO 或CO ，C 错误；改变浓度对平衡常数无影响，平衡常数只与温度有关，D 错误。 答案：A 2．在淀粉-KI 溶液中存在下列平衡：I 2(aq)＋I － (aq)I － 3(aq)。测得不同温度下 该反应的平衡常数K 如表所示。下列说法正确的是( ) t /℃ 5 15 25 35 50 K 1 100 841 689 533 409 A.反应I 2(aq)＋I － (aq) I － 3(aq)的ΔH >0 B ．其他条件不变，升高温度，溶液中c (I － 3)减小 C ．该反应的平衡常数表达式为K ＝c （I 2）·c （I －）c （I －3） D ．25 ℃时，向溶液中加入少量KI 固体，平衡常数K 小于689 解析：A 项，温度升高，平衡常数减小，因此该反应是放热反应，ΔH <0，错误；B 项， 温度升高，平衡逆向移动，c (I －3 )减小，正确；C 项，K ＝c （I －3） c （I 2）· c （I －） ，错误；D 项， 平衡常数仅与温度有关，25 ℃时，向溶液中加入少量KI 固体，平衡正向移动，但平衡常数不变，仍然是689，错误。 答案：B 3．(2019·深圳质检)对反应：a A(g)＋b B(g)c C(g)＋d D(g) ΔH ，反应特点 与对应的图象的说法不正确的是( )
专题二阅读七选五 1.高考阅读七选五的体裁与主题语境(以2016～2018全国卷为例) 体裁主题语境段落小标题 2018卷Ⅰ说明文人与社会——家庭装饰无卷Ⅱ议论文人与自我——晨练的好处无卷Ⅲ说明文人与社会——舞蹈无 2017卷Ⅰ记叙文人与自我——野营无卷Ⅱ说明文人与社会——避免工作时被打扰无卷Ⅲ说明文人与社会——如何建立生物钟有 2016卷Ⅰ说明文人与社会——密码学无卷Ⅱ说明文人与自然——花园有卷Ⅲ说明文人与社会——购买和烹制鱼无 阅读七选五的体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文，虽然近几年没有考查议论文，但对这种文体也不应该忽视，主题语境以人与社会为主，以人与自然和人与自我为辅。文章越来越趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，但文章大都结构清晰，基本都是总分结构。 2.高考阅读七选五的设题特点 阅读七选五是从一篇短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项。选项主要有以下三种情况：一是主旨概括句，二是过渡性句子，三是注释性句子。 3.高考阅读七选五的考查重点 此题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。它拓宽了阅读理解能力考查的深度和广度，不仅考查考生句子层面的阅读理解能力，更从语篇层次上考查考生的语篇连贯能力，即考生的语感和语境领悟能力，把握作者思路的能力，以及对整个语篇或语段的衔接手段与连贯性的洞察力。 4.高考阅读七选五的备考启示
备考时要注意拓展题材和体裁；注意加强对不同文本的语篇知识的学习；注意叙述类文本、议论类文本的阅读。重视指导类说明文的同时，不放弃对介绍事物类说明文，记叙文和议论文的练习。 段首题 1.空格为主旨句 在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。 【典例示范】(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)__40__ It must be true that sooner or later，everyone finds his or her way back to recommend that you find your way in style. must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
人教版高中化学选修五测试题及答案全套 章末质量检测（一）认识有机化合物 一、选择题(本题包括12小题，每小题5分，共60分) 1．下列四组物质的分子式或化学式都相同，按物质的分类方法属于同一类物质的是() 解析：选B四个选项中的物质均为同分异构体组合，其中A项中是环烷烃和烯烃两类物质，C、D 两项中两种物质含有不同的官能团，属于不同类物质。而B项中正戊烷和新戊烷均为饱和烃，属于同类物质，故选B项。 2．下列物质属于醇类的是() 解析：选A区分醇类和酚类物质的关键点是看—OH是否连在苯环上，如选项B、D中的物质为酚，选项A中的物质为醇，选项C为酸。 3．下列说法中正确的是() 解析：选B含有的物质可能还含有碳、氢之外的其他元素，不一定是烯烃，A错误；CHCCH2Cl含有不饱和键，但含有氯元素，不是烃，C错误；乙酸(CH3COOH)的最简式也是CH2O，D 错误。 4．下列叙述中正确的是() A．相对分子质量相同、结构不同的化合物一定是互为同分异构体关系 B．结构对称的烷烃，其一氯取代产物必定只有一种结构
C．互为同分异构体的化合物不可能具有相同的结构简式 D．含不同碳原子数的烷烃不一定是互为同系物的关系 解析：选C相对分子质量相同的化合物其分子式可能不同，如CH3—CH3与HCHO就是相对分子质量相同的不同有机物，两者的分子式不同，不是同分异构体关系；结构对称的烷烃，其一氯取代产物可能不止一种，如烷烃(CH3)2CH—CH(CH3)2的一氯代物就有2种；同分异构体间分子式相同而结构不同，因此互为同分异构体的化合物不可能具有相同的结构简式；由于烷烃只存在碳链异构，所有碳原子间均以单键相连，因此含不同碳原子数的烷烃，其分子组成相差若干个CH2，且结构相似，应是互为同系物的关系。 5．关于有机物的下列叙述中，正确的是() A．它的系统名称是2,4-二甲基-4-戊烯 B．它的分子中最多有5个碳原子在同一平面上 C．它与甲基环己烷互为同分异构体 D．该有机物的一氯取代产物共有4种 解析：选C题给有机物的系统名称应是2,4-二甲基-1-戊烯；其分子中最多有6个碳原子在同一平面上；该有机物的一氯代物共有5种。 6．下列有机化合物分子中的所有碳原子不可能处于同一平面的是() 解析：选D苯环、双键、三键都可以在一个平面上。对于选项D，可以联想CH4的空间结构，把3个CH3看作是取代了甲烷上的3个H原子，由于甲烷是正四面体结构，所以4个碳原子不可能在同一平面上。 7．下列有机物命名正确的是() 解析：选B A项有机物的名称为1,2,4-三甲苯，错误；B项有机物的名称为2-氯丙烷，正确；C项有机物的名称为2-丁醇，错误；D项有机物的名称为3-甲基-1-丁炔，错误。
1． 2018新课标全国 (I) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex .But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable . Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 . A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever you’re looking for C. If you’re experimenting with a color
高考化学平衡图像精选必刷试题 1．焦炭催化还原二氧化硫的化学方程式为2C(s)+2SO 2(g) S2(g)+2CO2(g)。一定压强下，向1L密闭容器中充入足量的焦炭和1molSO2发生反应，测得SO2的生成速率与S2(g)的生成速率随温度变化的关系如图所示，下列说法正确的是 A．该反应的?H>0 B．C点时达到平衡状态 C．增加C的量能够增大SO2的转化率D．T3时增大压强，能增大活化分子百分数 【答案】B 2．乙烯气相直接水合反应制备乙醇：C 2H4(g)+H2O(g) C2H5OH(g)。乙烯的平衡转化率随温度、压强的变化关系如下（起始时，n(H2O)＝n(C2H4)＝1 mol，容器体积为1 L）。 下列分析不正确 ．．．的是 A．乙烯气相直接水合反应的?H＜0 B．图中压强的大小关系为：p1＞p2＞p3 C．图中a点对应的平衡常数K ＝ 5 16 D．达到平衡状态a、b所需要的时间：a＞b 【答案】B 3．一定温度下，将1molA(g)和1molB(g)充入2L密闭容器中发生反应：A(g)+B(g) xC(g)+D(s)△H<0，在 t1时达平衡。在 t2 、t3时刻分别改变反应的一个条件，测得容器中 C(g)的浓度随时间变化如图所示。下列有关说法正确的是
A．t2 时刻改变的条件是使用催化剂 B．t3时刻v(逆)可能小于t2时刻v(逆) C．t3时刻改变的条件一定是增大反应物的浓度 D．t1～t2、t2～t3平衡常数均为0.25 【答案】B 4．恒容条件下，1 mol SiHCl3发生如下反应：2SiHCl3(g)SiH2Cl2(g)＋SiCl4(g)。已知：v正＝v消耗(SiHCl3)＝k正x2(SiHCl3)，v逆＝2v消耗(SiH2Cl2)＝k逆x(SiH2Cl2)x(SiCl4)，k正、k逆分别为正、逆向反应速率常数(仅与温度有关)，x为物质的量分数。如图是不同温度下x(SiHCl3)随时间的变化。下列说法正确的是 A．该反应为放热反应，v正，a＜v逆，b B．化学平衡状态时2v消耗(SiHCl3)＝v消耗(SiCl4) C．当反应进行到a处时，v正/v逆=16/9 D．T2 K时平衡体系中再充入1 mol SiHCl3，平衡正向移动，x(SiH2Cl2)增大 【答案】C 5．某化学科研小组研究在其他条件不变时，改变某一条件对A2(g)＋3B2(g)2AB3(g)化学平衡状态的影响，得到如图所示的变化规律（图中T表示温度，n表示物质的量），根据如图可得出的判断结论正确的是
高考英语阅读专题练习七选五 Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired. 72 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries. 75 . They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak! A. Some people don't like Muzak. B. The music gives them extra energy. C. Music is playing in the background. D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better. F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used. G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world. Public speaking and critical thinking What is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’s a matter of logic(逻辑)—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people’s argument and to avoid them in your own, it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence. In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking—the ability to see clearly their relationships among ideas. 71 The greatest thinkers, scientists and inventors have often taken their information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas that, too, is critical thinking. 72 As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械的) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter ofarranging the ideas you already have. 73 What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations. If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece. A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves. B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it. C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas. E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot. F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways. G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well. Empathy Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs. Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear. Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says. What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75__ To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person. B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
化学平衡 1．（08年全国理综I ·11）已知：4NH 4(g)＋5O 2(g) = 4NO(g)＋6H 2O(g)，ΔH=－1025kJ ·mol －1 ，该反应是一个可逆反应。若反应物起始物质的量相同，下列关于该反应的示意图不． 正确．． 的是C 2．（08年全国理综II ·13）在相同温度和压强下，对反应 CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 ( g ) CO(g ) + H 2O( g ）进行甲、乙、丙、丁四组实验，实验起始时放入容器内各组分的物质的量见下 表： 上述四种情况达到平衡后， n ( CO ）的大小顺序是 A A ．乙＝丁＞丙＝甲 B ．乙＞丁＞甲＞丙 物质 物质的量 实验 CO 2 H 2 CO H 2O 甲 a mol a mol 0 mol 0 mol 乙 2a mol a mol 0 mol 0 mol 丙 0 mol 0 mol a mol a mol 丁 a mol 0 mol a mol a mol C ． D ． 1200℃ N O 含量 时间 1000℃ N O 含量 时间 1000℃ 催化剂 1000℃ 无催化剂 N O 含量 时间 10×105Pa 1×105Pa A ． B ． N O 含量 时间 1000℃ 1200℃
C ．丁＞乙＞丙＝甲 D ．丁＞丙＞乙＞甲 3．（08年天津理综·8）对平衡CO 2（g ） CO 2（aq ） .△H =-19.75kJ·mol － 1，为增大 二氧化碳气体在水中的溶解度，应采用的方法是D A ．升温增压 B ．降温减压 C ．升温减压 D ．降温增压 4．（08年山东理综·14）高温下，某反应达到平衡，平衡常数) H ()CO () O H ()CO (222c c c c K ??=。恒容 时，温度升高，H 2浓度减小。下列说法正确的是A A ．该反应的焓变为正值 B ．恒温恒容下，增大压强，H 2浓度一定减小 C ．升高温度，逆反应速率减小 D ．该反应的化学方程式为CO ＋H 2O CO 2＋H 2 5．（08年宁夏理综·12）将固体NH 4I 置于密闭容器中，在一定温度下发生下列反应： ①NH 4I(s) NH 3(g)＋HI(g)；②2HI(g) H 2(g)＋I 2(g) 达到平衡时，c (H 2)=0.5mo l ·L -1，c (H I )=4mo l ·L -1，则此温度下反应①的平衡常数为C A ．9 B ．16 C ．20 D ．25 6．（08年四川理综·8）在密闭容器中进行如下反应：H 2(g) ＋I 2(g) 2HI(g)，在温度T 1和T 2时，产物的量与反应时 间的关系如下图所示．符合图示的正确判断是D A ．T 1＞T 2，ΔH ＞0 B ．T 1＞T 2，ΔH ＜0 C ．T 1＜T 2，ΔH ＞0 D ．T 1＜T 2，ΔH ＜0 7．（08年广东理基·36）对于反应2SO 2(g)＋O 2(g) 2SO 3(g)能增大正反应速率的措施是 A ．通入大量O 2 B ．增大容器容积 C ．移去部分SO 3 D ．降低体系温度 8．（08年广东化学·8）将H 2(g)和Br 2(g)充入恒容密闭容器，恒温下发生反应H 2（g ）+Br 2(g) 2HBr （g ）△H ＜0，平衡时Br 2(g)的转化率为a ；若初始条件相同，绝热下进行上述反应，平衡时Br 2(g)的转化率为b 。a 与b 的关系是A 催化剂 高温 T 1碘化氢的量 时 间 T 2
2020高考全国卷I阅读理解七选五试题及答案解析 请看高考试题： 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it … to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 ___ Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. ●37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world. ●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂ ●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 ●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? A. Feeling upset again? B. Where do you start? C. Nothing is too small to celebrate. D. Remember, you are only human. E Set an intention for self-acceptance. F. Stop comparing yourself with others.