1.Since用法
一、Since作为介词，后接某一确定的时间点，主句谓语动词是持续性动词，常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用。例如：
1、He left the village in 1982 and I haven’t seen him since then. 1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后我再没见过他。
2、She’s been working in a bank since leaving school.
她中学毕业后就一直在一家银行工作。
3、He had spoken to her only once since the party.
自从那次聚会以来，他只跟她说过一次话。
二、Since作为副词，表示从过去以来、以后或到现在的情形或状态，常与现在完成时态连用。
例如：
1、He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t heard from him since.
他两周前离开了家，到现在我们一直没有他的消息。
2、He came to Zhenjiang 6 years ago and has lived here (ever) since.
他6年前来到镇江，从此便住在这里。
三、since引导原因状语从句
作为连词，since可引导原因状语从句，表示因为;既然;鉴于。例如：
1、He didn’t come since he was busy.
他因为忙，所以没有来。
2、Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.
既然这种方法不行，我们就试用另一种吧。
四、Since引导时间状语从句
1、若since引导的状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。例如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here.
自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
2、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作或状态结束时算起”。例如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，所以这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
3、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻)，其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他(开始)住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
2.Since在特殊句型中的应用
1、句型I：“It is (has been)+时间+since+持续性动词的过去时”，表示“自从……以来到现在已有多久。”例如：
It has been quite some time since I was last in London.
我上次离开伦敦至今颇有一段时间了。
2、句型II：“It was+时间+since+持续性动词的过去完成时”,表示“从……到过去某时间点以来”，例如：
It was three years since we had been here.
那时我们在这已呆了三年。
高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲 it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。 1. 人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如： 1）That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。 2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。 当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。如： 3）It's a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？ it可用来指代团体。如： 4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。 it用以代替指示代词this, that.如： 5）--- What's this? --- It's a pen. —这是什么？—是一支钢笔。 6）--- Whose book is that? --- It's Mike's. —那是谁的书？—是迈克的。 2. 指示代词it，常用以指人。如： 7）Go and see who it is. 去看看是谁。 8）--- Who is making such a noise? —是谁发出这样的吵闹声？ --- It must be the children. —一定是孩子们。 3.虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。如： 9）It is half past three now. 现在是三点半钟。 10）It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院也有六英里。 11）It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark. 天气很冷；天下着雪，渐渐地变黑了。 it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。如： 12）It's awful—I've got so much work I don't know where to start. 糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。 13）How is it going with you? 你近况如何？ 14）Take it easy. 不要紧张。 it也常用于下列结构： 15）It looks as if the college is very small. 看起来这个学院很小。 16）It seems as though our plan will be perfect. 似乎我们的计划很完善。 17）It's my turn. 该轮到我了。 it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。如：cab it 乘车catch it 受责，受罚come it 尽自己分内come it strong 做得过分walk it 步行make it 办成take it out of somebody 拿某人出气 4. 先行词it. it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用，先行词不重读。后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。 （1）用作形式主语
倒装句 一、定义：英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。 Eg：The bus comes here. Here comes the bus. 车来了。 二、分类：全倒装:将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装， 半倒装:只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。 Eg：Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. 很多年前有一位老人住在那间木屋里。 Never have I been late for school this term. 这学期，我从来没上学迟到过。 三、全倒装：“五全”=有时表地方 经常与be/come/exist/fall/follow/go/remain/seem/stand（表示移动或动态的不及物动词连用） 或用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等?㈠、“有”：在“there be”结构里 Eg：There is a box on the table. 桌子上面有一个盒子。 ?㈡、“时”：表示时间副词，如：now，then, Eg：Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 ?㈢、“表”：表语放句子前，“表语＋系动词＋主语”的结构 Eg：Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 格林先生和其他的客人在这个聚会上。 Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 一群年轻人坐在了地上。 ?㈣、“地”：地点状语放在句首 Eg：In south of the river lies a small factory. 小工厂位于河的南方。 From the valley came a cry. 山谷传来一阵哭声。 ?㈤、“方”：表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首
你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？ 1. The girl is singing a song. 2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧:-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！憧矗瑂ing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund) Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下： 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow；coming 前加the) 2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。 二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子： Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。 注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法 一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 1.1 作主语 1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ） 2. Running is good exercise. （主语running) 3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking) 1.2 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 1.3 主语置于句尾 1.3.1 用It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).
巩固练习 Ⅰ. 把下面句子译成英语，注意it的用法。 1. 过了很久他才回来。 ________________________________________________________________________ 2. 我们两个月后才会再见面。 ________________________________________________________________________ 3. 我离开这所学校已经20年了 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是个著名影星。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 是约600年前第一块带有表盘(face)和一个时针（hour hand）的钟表被制造出来的。________________________________________________________________________ 6. 昨天是他们打扫的教室。 ________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我是在大街上遇见她的父亲的。 ________________________________________________________________________ 8. 我们弄清楚了我们要在何时何地开会。 ________________________________________________________________________ 9. 据说所有的票都卖完了。 ________________________________________________________________________ 10. 我们真的该采取行动了。 ________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. 从方框中选出能够填入空白处的合适的连接词。 since, before, after, that, where, which 1. The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect. 2. It was not until ten o'clock ______ we got home last night． 3. Look at the building. It was the theatre _______ Lincoln was murdered. 4. Could it be in the restaurant in______ you had dinner with me yesterday_______ you left behind your keys and wallet? 5. It's years ______I painted this beautiful picture. 6. It will be years ______ I paint this beautiful picture. 7. It was years ______ I painted this beautiful picture. 8. It's for years ______ I have painted this beautiful picture. 9. It worried the mother a lot _______ her son drove so fast. 10. I think it important ______ you should attend the conference. Ⅲ. 单项选择。 1. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ____ I am talking to. A．who is it B．who it is C．it is who D．it is whom 2. It was the ability to do the job _______ matters not where you e from or what you are.
高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
高中英语语法之动名词 一、含义 动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 二、动名词的基本用法 １．用作主语---常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 Smoking is bad for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous. Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 注意： ①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、 ．．．动作，而动名词 ．．．．一次性 作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
动词的时态和语态用法详解 在英语中，不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态需要用动词的不同形式表示出来，动词的这种不同 形式就构成了动词的时态。 英语中的时态按动作发生时间分为现在时态、过去时态、将来时态 二、常见时态的基本用法 1. 一般现在时：一般现在时是描述现在或经常性的动作性质或状态的时态。常和表示频率、时间的副词 （短语） always, every time, now and the n, occasi on ally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 连用。 1） 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 We have three meals a day. 2） 表示客观事实、真理和自然现象。 Kno wledge is power. 3）表示现在的情况或状态。 I live in Beiji ng. 4）表示已经“列入日程”的将来的事件，尤其指计划中的和安排好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“出 发，到达”等含义 的词， 女口， arrive, begin, go, leave, start, stay 等。 The train arrives at 10:30. There's ple nty of time. 。 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如: I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, on ce, the mome nt/the minu te, the day; 条件：if, uni ess, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在 make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don ' t mind when he finish 考点四：在 the more …the more …(越 ..................... 越 ... )句型中 在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2. 一般过去时：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作、存在的状态，或反复发生的动作，句中一般都有表示 过去具体时间的时间 状语。 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或状态。 此时与表示过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1998 等。 +宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代 es the experime nt. ,若主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现
高考英语语法知识之It 的用法总结 1．It is + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。 如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2．It was not until + 被强调部分+ that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3．It is clear ( obvious, true, possible,certain....) that ..... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.= That he’s round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported, learned....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。It is said that he has come to Beijing. 6. It is suggested ( ordered ... ) that ... 主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．． It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. It is a pity that he is ill. 8. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. 9. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人第几次做某事了＂。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10 It is the +形容词最高级+ 名词+ that + ….. 该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it有时用this / that 替换．常译为＂这是某人做过的最…的事情＂。 This is the best film that I have ever seen . That was the worst song that he had heard . 11. It is .... since ...
全部倒装 1.here,there,out ,in，up，down，now，then，away，over，off等副词位于句首时，后面句子用全部倒装。(1)There goes the bell. (2)Here comes the bus. (3)Now comes my turn. (4)Then followed three day of rain. 注意：主语是代词时，不用此倒装结构 (5)Out rushed the children.=The children rushed out.(Out they rushed主语为代词时句子不倒装). (6)In came the teacher and the lesson began.=The teacher came in and the lesson began. In he came and the lesson began.主语为代词时句子不倒装 2.表语和地点状语位于句首表示强调意义时，后面用全部倒装，当表示时间的副词或介词词组位于句首时，常常引起全部倒装，注意：主谓一致。 (1)In the distance was a small boat=A small boat was in the distance. (2)Under a big tree sat an old man smoking a pipe.= An old man smoking a pipe sat under a big tree. (3)They arrived at a farm house ,in front of which sat a small boy. (4)On either side were rows of fruit trees. (5)Early in the morning came the news . 3.在一些表示祝愿的句子中 Long live China. 部分倒装 1.only修饰句子的状语位于句首时，后面引起部分倒装。 (1)I realized that I was wrong.=Only then did I realize that I was wrong. (2)You can solve the problem in this way.=Only in this way can you solve the problem. (3)He could go on studying when the war was over.= Only when the war was over（状语从句不倒装)could he go on studying. 注意：only修饰句子的主语或宾语时，句子不倒装 (1)Only he can work out such a difficult problem. (2)Only him we could find in the room just now. 2.含有否定意义的副词或连词位于句首时，后面用部分倒装。 (1)seldom, not ,never，little，few，nowhere，rarely，in no way，in no case ，by no means, at no time，under no circumstances，on no condition注意：in no time为“立刻，马上”的意思 (2)Hardly(Scarcely)… when No sooner… than( No sooner后用过去完成时并倒装：No sooner had sb done ,than sb did.) (3)Not only…but also（只在not only句中引起倒装，不在but also句中倒装）
高中英语动词不定式用法大全(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载) 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to pla nt trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介
词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一