北京大学2004年博士英语试题

2004年考研英语真题In 2004, the Graduate School Entrance Examination included an English section. This section tested the candidates' proficiency in English language skills, including listening, reading, grammar, and writing.The listening comprehension section aimed to evaluate the candidates' ability to understand spoken English in different contexts. The candidates were required to listen to conversations, interviews, and lectures and answer questions based on the information they heard.The reading comprehension section tested the candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English passages. The candidates had to read various types of texts, such as essays, articles, and academic papers, and answer questions to demonstrate their comprehension and interpretation skills.The grammar section assessed the candidates' understanding of English grammar rules and their ability to apply these rules in different sentence structures. The candidates had to identify errors in sentences, complete sentence fragments, and choose the correct grammatical form of words.The writing section was designed to assess the candidates' writing skills and their ability to express their ideas clearly and coherently in English. The candidates were given a topic and were required to write an essay or a short composition demonstrating their understanding of the topic and their proficiency in English composition.Overall, the 2004 Graduate School Entrance Examination English section aimed to assess the candidates' language skills in listening, reading,grammar, and writing. It tested their ability to comprehend and analyze spoken and written English, their knowledge of English grammar rules, and their ability to express ideas effectively in writing.It is important for candidates to prepare for this section thoroughly by practicing listening to English conversations and lectures, reading various English texts, reviewing English grammar rules, and practicing writing essays and compositions. By doing so, candidates can improve their English language skills and increase their chances of achieving a satisfactory score in the English section of the Graduate School Entrance Examination.In conclusion, the 2004 Graduate School Entrance Examination English section tested the candidates' proficiency in English language skills, including listening, reading, grammar, and writing. It aimed to evaluate their ability to understand spoken and written English, apply grammar rules, and express ideas effectively in writing. Candidates should focus on practicing and improving their English language skills to perform well in this section.。

Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Part A(每题1分，共20分)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C. Remember, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET I. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A Directions: For Quesstions1-5,you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points) 1、Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau Highest 1 （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 highlands 2、altitude of the coastal plain 2 m （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 20 3、Climate near the sea 3 humid （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 mild 4、Particularly rainy months of the years 4 April （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 November 5、Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13℃ high 5 ℃ （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 22 Section Ⅰ Part B(每题1分，共5分)Directions: For Questions 6-10,you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points ) 6、What is Saffo according to himself? （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 A (technology)forecaster 7、The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 government agencies 8、The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 (a)meaningful(exercise) 9、To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 open to change 10、What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team? （本题分值：1分） Section Ⅰ Part C（共三节，满分10分） Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points ) Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13. 11、What do we often do with the things we love? （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 D A.Ask for their names. babies after them. C.Put down their names. D.Choose names for them. 12、 The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 B A. the family tree is fairly limited. B. the family tie is strong enough. C.the name is commonly used. D.nobody in the family complains. 13、 Several months after a baby's birth, its name will （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 C A.show the beauty of its own. B.develop more associations. C.lose the original meaning. D.help form the baby's personality. Questions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16. 14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career? （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 D A. 90. B .108. C.180. D. 668. 15、In 1964, Bobby Moore was made （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 A A.England's footballer of the year. B.a soccer coach in West Germany. C.a medalist for his sportsmanship. D.a number of the Order of the British Empire. 16、After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 C A.editing Sunday Sport. B.working for Capital Radio. C.managing professional soccer teams. D.developing a sports marketing company. Questions 17-20 are based on the on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20. 17. Belfast has long been famous for its （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 B A. oil refinery. B. linen textiles. C.food products. D. deepwater port. 18、Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export? （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 A A. Soap. B. Grain. C.Steel. D.Tobacco. 19、When was Belfast founded? （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 A A. In 1177. B. In 1315. C.In the 16th century. D. In the 17th century. 20、 What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century? （本题分值：1分） 【正确答案】 C A. French refugees arrived. B. The harbor was destroyed. C.Shipbuilding began to flourish. D.The city was taken by the English. Section II Use of English（满分10分） Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21)[] on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22)[] they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23)[] with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24)[] to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25)[] as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26)[] the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27)[] lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28)[] to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29)[] juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) [] to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31)[] make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32)[] lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also(33)[] changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;(34)[], children are likely to have less supervision at home (35)[] was common in the traditional family (36)[]. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37)[] causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38)[] of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39)[] of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40)[] a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21、 （本题分值：0.5分） 【正确答案】 C ［注释］"很多有关少年犯罪原因的理论，要么把个⼈当成主要的影响因素，要么把社会当成主要的影响因素。

2004年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,5 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.1. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because3. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation4. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length12. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced14.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible18. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity20. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C.Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broade n it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters t o return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worth while. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.21. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling [B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency [D] Fewer successful matches.23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.[A] advisory [B] compensation.[C] interaction [D] reminder.24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.25. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.28. The 4th paragraph suggests that .[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.30. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the soft ening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleve land home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush ha ppening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.31. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Parag raph 1), the author means_____.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), the author istalking about _______[A] gold market. [B] real estate.[C] stock exchange. [D] venture investment.34. Why can many peo ple see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life,a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots ofanti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in school s and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joy fully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of________.[A] undervaluing intellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform.[D] suppressing native intelligence.38. The views of Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are ______.[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably _________.[A] a pioneer of education reform.[B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooling.40. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies powerPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.(42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlie r part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.4142434445。

2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Secti on I Use of En glishDirectionsRead the follow ing text. Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nk andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juve nile deli nquency (crimes committed byyoung people) focus either on the in dividual or on society as the major con tribut ingin flue nee. Theories 1 on the in dividual suggest that childre n en gage in crim inal behavior 2 they were not sufficie ntly pen alized for previous misdeeds or that theyhave lear ned crim inal behavior through 3 with others. Theories focus ing on therole of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above their socioec ono mic status, 5 as a reject ion of middle-class values.Most theories of juve nile deli nquency have focused on childre n from disadva ntaged families, 6 the fact that childre n from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate pare ntal con trol. All theories, however,are ten tative and are 8 to criticism.Chan ges in the social structure may in directly 9 juve nile crime rates. For example, cha nges in the economy that 10 to fewer job opport un ities for youth andrising un employme nt 11 make gainful employme nt in creas in gly difficult to obta in.The result ing disc ontent may in 12 lead more youths into crim inal behavior.Families have also 13 cha nges these years. More families con sist of on e-pare nt households or two working parents; 14 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was com mon in the traditi onal family 16 . This lack of pare ntal supervisi on is thought to be an in flue nee on juve nile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offen sive acts in clude frustratio n or failure in school, the in creased __ 18 _ of drugsand alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All thesecon diti ons tend to in crease the probability of a child committi ng a crim inal act, ___ 20 a direct causal relatio nship has not yet bee n established.1. [A] acti ng [B] relyi ng [C] cen teri ng [D] commenting2. [A] before [B] unl ess [C] un til [D] because3. [A] in teracti on [B] assimilatio n [C] cooperati on [D] con sultatio n4. [A] return [B] reply [C] refere nee [D] response5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6. [A] con sideri ng [B] ign ori ng [C] highlighti ng [D] discard ing7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8. [A] immu ne [B] resista nt [C] sen sitive [D] subject9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10. [A] poi nt [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by con trast [D] at len gth12. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essenee13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] un dertake n [D] experieneed14.[A] con trarily [B] con seque ntly [C] similarly [D] simulta neously15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17. [A] assessable [B] ide ntifiable [C] n egligible [D] in credible18. [A] expe nse [B] restrictio n [C] allocation [D] availability19. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure [D] popularity20. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] suppos ingSectio n II Readi ng Comprehe nsionPart ADirectio ns:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hun ti ng for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redm on stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Intern et. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site ' s “ pers onal search age nt ” . It ' s an interacsv®rfeafeyerth®b eteriasuch as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is postedin the database. Redm on chose the keywords legal, in tellectual property andWashington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notific ation of an opening. "I struckgold, ” says Redm on, who Emailed his resume to the employer and won a positi on asin-house coun sel for a compa ny.With thousa nds of career-related sites on the Intern et, finding promis ing ope ningscan he time-c onsuming and in efficie nt. Search age nts reduce the n eed for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search age nt worked for Redm on, career experts see drawbacks. Narrow ing your criteria, for example, may work aga inst you:you an swer a questi on you e lim in ate a possibility, ” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow con cept —what you thi nk youwant to do —then broaden it. “ None of these programs do that, ” says another expert. “ There ' s no career coun seli ng implicit i n all of this. ” In stead, the best strategy is the age nt as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; whe nyou get E- mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. "I would not re age nts for finding everyth ing that i s added to a database that might in terest me, says the author of a job-search ing guide.Some sites desig n their age nts to tempt job hun ters to retur n. When CareerSiteage nt sends out messages to those who have sig ned up for its service, for example, it in cludes only three pote ntial jobs —those it con siders the best matches. There may bemore matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to findthem —and they do. “ On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp in creasesays Seth Peets, vice preside nt of market ing for CareerSite.in o ur traffic,Eve n those who aren ' t hunting for jobs may find search age nts worthwhile. Someuse them to keep a close watch on the dema nd for their li ne of work or gatherin formatio n on compe nsati on to arm themselves whe n n egotiati ng for a raise. Althoughhappily employed, Redm on mai ntai ns his age nt at CareerBuilder. “ You always keepeyes ope n, ” he says. Work ing with a pers onal search age nt means havi ng ano ther set ofeyes look ing out for you.21. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By search ing ope nings in a job database.[B] By posti ng a match ing positi on in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the follow ing can be a disadva ntage of search age nts?[A] Lack of coun seli ng. [B] Limited nu mber of visits.[C] Lower efficie ncy. [D] Fewer successful matches.23. The expressi on“ tip service ” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably.means[A] advisory. [B] compe nsatio n.[C] in teractio n. [D] remin der.24. Why does CareerSite 's age nt offer each job hun ter only three job opti ons?[A] T o focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returni ng visits.[C] T o reserve space for more messages.[D] T o in crease the rate of success.25. Which of the follow ing is true accord ing to the text?[A] Personal search age nts are in dispe nsable to job-h un ters.[B] Some sites keep E-maili ng job seekers to trace their dema nds.[C] Pers onal search age nts are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some age nts stop sending in formati on to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past cen tury, all kinds of un fair ness and discrim in ati on have bee ncondemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.This, for those as yet un aware of such a disadva ntage, refers to discrim in ati on aga instthose whose sur names begi n with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage overZodiac cars whe n customers thumb through their pho ne directories. Less well known isthe advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo? Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread betwee n the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large nu mber of top people have sur names begi nning with letters betwee n A and K.Thus the America n preside nt and vice-preside nt have sur names start ing with B andC respectively; and 26 of George Bush ' s predegeBs(fEish(eirc lbdd surn amesin the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, sixof the seve n heads of gover nment of the G7 rich coun tries are alphabetically adva ntagedcen tral(Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chr e tierand Koizumi). The world ' thsee top ban kers(Gree nspa n, Duise nberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Alle n, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coin cide nee? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their n ames. So short-sighted Zysma n junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualificati ons, because they get less in dividual atte nti on, as well as less con fide nee in speak ing publicly.The humiliati on con ti nu es. At uni versity graduati on cere moni es, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally hav ing a ZZ Z. Shortlists for job in terviews, electio n ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and atte ndees: all tend to be draw n up alphabetically, and their recipie nts lose in terest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked in equality.[B] A type of con spicuous bias.[C] A type of pers onal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrim in ati on.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, n ames are esse ntial to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysma n.[C] Customers ofte n pay a lot of atte nti on to compa nies ' n ames.[D] Some form of discrim in ati on is too subtle to recog ni ze.28. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________ .[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadva ntaged stude nts ofte n escape from class[C] teachers should pay atte nti on to all of their stude nts[D] stude nts should be seated accord ing to their eyesight29. What does the author mean by “ most people are literally hZZZg'aLines 2-3,Paragraph 5)?[A] They are gett ing impatie nt.[B] They are n oisily doz ing off.[C] They are feeli ng humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.30. Which of the follow ing is true accord ing to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putt ing things alphabetically may lead to uninten ti onal bias.Text 3When it comes to the slow ing economy, Elie n Spero isn't bit ing her n ails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two Iongtime customers sudde nly stopped show ing up. Spero blames the softe ning economy, good econo mic in dicator, ” 'stiqdsayde a service that people can do without whe nthey're concerned about savi ng some dollars. ” So Spero is dow nscali ng, shopp ing atmiddle-brow Dillard's departme nt store n ear her suburba n Clevela nd home, in stead of Neima n Marcus. "I don't know if other clie nts are going to aba ndon me, too,Eve n before Ala n Gree nspa n's admissi on that America's red-hot economy is cooli ng, lots of worki ng folks had already see n sig ns of the slowdow n themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have bee n lagg ing for mon ths as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 perce nt from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they rema in optimistic about the econom y's Ion g-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tighte ning.Con sumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headli nes, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are hold ing steady in most regi ons. InManhattan, “ there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range,predomina ntly fed by Wall Street bonuses, S”ys broker Barbara Corcoran. In SanFran cisco, prices are still rising eve n as fren zied overbidd ing quiets. "Ins offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says Joh n Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep ajob.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheerfor lower interest rates. Employers would n't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.Many con sumers seem to have bee n in flue need by stock-market swin gs, which in vestorsnow view as a n ecessary in gredie nt to a susta ined boom. Diners might see an upside,too. Gett ing a table at Man hatta n's hot new Ala in Ducasse restaura nt used to beimpossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.31. By “ EllenSpero isn 'bi t ing her nails just yet "(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the authormeans ____ .[A] Spero can hardly maintain her bus in ess.[B] Spero is too much en gaged in her work.[C] Spero has grow n out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situati on.32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Co nfused. [C] Carefree. [D] Pani cked.33. When mentioning “ the $4 million to $10 million range " (Lines 3, Paragraph 3), theauthor is talk ing about ______[A] gold market.[B] real estate.[C] stock excha nge.[D] ven ture in vestme nt.34. Why can many people see “ silver linings ” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would ben efit i n certa in ways.[B] The stock market shows sig ns of recovery.[C] Such a slowdow n usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchas ing power would be enhan ced.35. To which of the follow ing is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horiz on.[B] Tighte n the belt, the sin gle remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ven tures, the more cha nces.Text 4America ns today don't place a very high value on in tellect. Our heroes are athletes, en terta in ers, and en trepre neurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult tofind.“ Schoolshave always been in a socie ty where practical is more important thanintellectual, ” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “ Schools could be a counterbalancRavitch's latest book. Left Back: A Cen tury of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. En couragi ng kids to reject the life of the mind leavesthem vuln erable to exploitati on and con trol. Without the ability to thi nk critically, todefe nd their ideas and un dersta nd the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “ We willsecond- rate country. We will have a less civil society. ”"In tellect is rese nted as a form of power or privilege, ” writes historia n and pre Richard Hofstadter in An ti-i ntellectualism in America n Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have drivenus to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, com mon sen se, and n ative intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emers on and other Tran sce nden talist philosophers thought schooli ngand rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “ We are shut uschools and college recitati on rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. H'uc M ebe Twa Fif Bi exemplifiedAmerican anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized —going to school andlearning to read —so he can preserve his inn ate good ness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligenee, a quality wereluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind.In tellige nee seeks to grasp, man ipulate, re-order, and adjust, while in tellect exam in es,ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remai ns a place where in tellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our coun try'seducati onal system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and milita ntly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least in tellectual promise. ”36. What do America n pare nts expect their childre n to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking in depe nden tly.[B] Profound kno wledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The con fide nce in in tellectual pursuits.37. We can lear n from the text that America ns have a history of _____ .[A] un derval uing in tellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] support ing school reform.[D] suppress ing n ative in tellige nce.38. The views of Raviteh and Emers on on schooli ng are ____ .[A] ide ntical. [B] similar. [C] compleme ntary. [D] opposite.39. Emers on, accord ing to the text, is probably ______ .[A] a pion eer of educati on reform.[B] an opp onent of in tellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of in tellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooli ng.40. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is sec ond to in tellige nee.[B] It evolves from com mon sen se.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It un derlies powerPart BDirections:Read the followi ng text carefully and the n tran slate the un derl ined segme nts into Chi nese. Your tran slation should be writte n clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 poi nts)The relation of Ianguage and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of Ian guage had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse Ian guages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of Ianguages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native Ianguages of North and South America during the first half of the twen tieth cen tury. (42) We are obliged to them because some of these Ianguages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their n ative Ian guages. Other li nguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from“ exoticIan guage, were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described Ian guages were often so______ strik in gly differe nt from the well studied Ian guages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricat ing their data. Native America nIan guages are in deed differe nt, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code duri ng World War II to send secret messages.Sapir 'pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American IndianIan guages. (44) Being in terested in the relati on ship of lang uage and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of Ian guage determ ines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain conceptsand not others in a give n Ian guage, the speakers of that Ian guage thi nk along one trackand not along ano ther. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism ___________which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patter ns in a Ian guage can produce far-reach ing con seque nces for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,but this term is somewhat in appropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasizedthe diversity of Ianguages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion oflin guistic determ ini sm.Section III Writi ng46. Directio nsStudy the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which youshould1. describe the draw ing ,2. in terpret its meaning, and3. support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 poi nts)答案解析Secti on I Use of En glish1. 完形填空翻译：许多研究青少年犯罪（即低龄人群犯罪）的理论要么强调个人要么强调社会是导致犯罪的主要因素。

中国人民大学2004年博士研究生入学考试英语真题请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！II. V ocabulary (10 points)PartA (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest completes thesentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example:She prefers foreign wine to that produced__A. previouslyB. vLrtuallyC. primarilyD. domesticallyThe sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany." Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [D]1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__patriotism.A. obsoleteB. aggressiveC. harmoniousD. amiableZ One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A. dilemmasB. countenancesC. concessionsD. junctions3. People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A. striveB. ascertainC. justifyD. adhere4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlifefor intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have setup on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A. conservationB. maintenanceC. storageD. reserve5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A. soaredB. mutatedC. plummetedD. fluctuated6. Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.A. geniusB. viresC. diseaseD. bacteria7. The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of competition in schools.A. negligentB. edibleC. fabulousD. disproportionate8. The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived.A. reconciledB. consolidatedC. deterioratedD. attributed9. During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to practice his Chinese.A. passed onB. passed upC. passed byD. passed out10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be distributed.A. paradoxesB. legaciesC. platitudesD. analoginPart B (5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, andD. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example:The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one.. ;.,ca, ODebour.A. carefulB. industriousC. cleverD. capableIn this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefor eyou should choose D.Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [DD]11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A. depictB. advocate D; criticize D. analyze12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO theirfamily story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirmB. achieveC.match D exaggerate13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A. imminentB. recyclableC. smellyD. poisonousi4. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns wou ldnor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A. alliesB. delegatesC. votersD. juries15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college a ndour own retirement security is ,chilling.A. frighteningB. promisingC. freezingD. revealing16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the Br itishCrown.A. secret planB. bold attackC. clever designD. joint effort17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulo usresearcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A. trustworthyB. intelligentC. diligentD. meticulous18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A. intriguingB. exasperating:C. demonstrativeD. unprovoked19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked upfaces for .nocturnal raids in the forest.A. illegalB. night-time C, brutal D. abusive20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight,A. mercurial B, gallant C. ardent D. frugalIII. Cloze (10 points)Directions : Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across thesquare bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full- time pas sion. Thetwo developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet. Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming to olong and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time onYahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designe dto____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to us e theservice through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community. They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit mater ial___32___ on the Intemet. The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for "Y etAnother Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they select edthe ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself f irst___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine w as___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, "Konishiki".In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape. As a result Stanford 'scomputer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc. Toda y,Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1. A. became B. grew C. mm D. intend2. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned3. A. in B. on C. about D. fer4. A. touch ?. contact C. n-ack D. record5. A. founded E. found C. argued D. reported6. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D invaluable7. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted8. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate9. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly10. A. relative B. interactive C.bound D. contacted11. A. fluently B. efficiently C.exactly D. actually12. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D.13. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposedI4. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand15. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched16. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked17. A. over B, away C. inside D. beneath18. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. bidden19. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal20. A. attains B.detains C. maintains D. containsIV. Reading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choic esmarked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young childrenspend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so thelength of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activi tiesare scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the sta rt ofthe school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limitactivities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity. The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between line s ona page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paperwith narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over th eborders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letter swithin the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help t hemrefine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, a ndtell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made sev eralairplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cu e fornot building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the cla ss hasbegun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk an dmisbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and re adthem while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable,the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading b ooksrather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was ve ryboring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each less on,such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs stude ntsand raise their interest in the course.41. The purpose of this passage is to___A. informB. persuadeC. debateD. narrate42. Guthrie identified three methods for__A. educating studentsB. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undesired actionD. forming good hobbies43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys. 44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their ha ndsbusy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king. What method is used in this example?A. The threshold method.B. The fatigue method.C. The incompatible response method.D. The punishment method.45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage thatA. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhaustedB. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be performed simultaneouslyC. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomesa cue for not performing itD. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwanted responsePassage 2The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too man ycompanies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts .Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin fornew (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it cansound like "no va", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a carwith that cursed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up" dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. 3ne American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising ,egetables) became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre".When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive with Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder custo mersin Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with goodranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fai l tocapture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals i nmany South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitiveto cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a techniqu ecalled "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim to captur ethe, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplicatio nof the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46. The best title of this passage might be __ .A. Culture Is Very Important ia AdvertishagB. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between NationsC. Overcome Cultural Shock in Different CountriesD. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles47. What does the word "blunder" mean in this passage?A. hesitationB. mistakeC. stutterD. default48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist f romParagraph 3 to Paragraph 6?A. Cultural shocksB. Faulty translationsC. Avoid cultural oversightsD. Prevent blunders49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word "ca " mos tprobably mean____A. an animal used in perfume for its smellB. a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funeralsC. a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funeralsD. an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals50. One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.e the technique called "literal translation" to reduce the possibility of blundersC. avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokesD. explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year i npay, stock options, and bonuses. In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down. Milliona iresare now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not th eboss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the m anwith many enemies wi!! be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about . His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of .his company and the industry .so he goes home nig htlywith a full briefcase. At the very top - and on the way up - executives ar eexceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cul turedindividual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His readin gmay largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fie lds.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and al cohol,and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out ofthe running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf eye s. Helikes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels. Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search fares," is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic andaggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51. We can infer from the second paragraph that___A. promotion depends on amiabilityB. chief executives do not work hard enough at the top levelC. it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of hi ssubordinatesD. a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and th eindustry52. The term "aerobic exercise" (fa'st line in second last paragraph) is a ki nd Of____A. hallucination exerciseB. physical exerciseC. meditation exerciseD. entertainment53. From the last paragraph we can gather that ____A. there are too many aggressive executivesB. individual talent is not essential for a companyC. the job of an "executive search rum" is corporate head-huntingD. it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerialranks54. For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where________A. they can conduct their businessB. they can indulge themselvesC. they can cultivate their mindD. they can exercise as well as socialize55. What is NOT tree according to the article?A. Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B. Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C. All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D. Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh. he had four, do d in1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mish imaaddressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his wor ds,"turned Japan spineless." Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to thegeneral's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded tokill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuk u.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aidessevered his head with a sword. The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded; the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage thoattack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in "Patriotism," one of Mishima's most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, "the ulti matedream of my life." Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero'sdeath in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept himfrom service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (hebecame expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discip linewriting. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, man yessays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted inmovies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flo wer,appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with th emeditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, thatbrought him fame.Mishima has been called "Japan's Hemingway," while others have compared him to "aesthetic" writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56. The article implies thatA. Mishima refused to join the army when he was youngB. Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writerC. Mishima is a person who'is hard m defineD. Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer57. The aim of the rebel led by Mishima wasA. Fo capture the commanding genera!B. to urge the government to declare a war against AmericaC. to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemmentD. to force the Emperor to give up the throne58. In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____A. was web received by the soldiersB, was laughed at by the soldiersC. impressed the commanding generalD, left a deep impression tO the soldiers59. What IS true according to article?A. The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B. The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnptC. Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D. one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60. Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___A, written "Patriotism", one of his most powerful storiesB. written eighty short storiesC. published "A Forest in Flower"D. published "Confession of a Mask"Ö÷¹ÛÐⲿ•ÖÇëÑøֱʻòÒ²Öé±Ê½«´Ë²¿•ÖÊÒÐâµÄ´ð°¸×öÒÚ´ðÐâÖ½þÉÏ£•ñÒòÎÞЧ£¡V. Translation (20 points)Fart A. (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger ofloss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in th eeconomy. Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise s peedsmarket equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the pri cechange lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surpl us insome commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to someextent before the SurpluS actually occurs. When speculators foresee a short ageand bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply. Asthe price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages usersto buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B. (10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET. VI. Writing (20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title "My Understanding of GlobaIization". Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.。

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Part ADirections:For questions 1-5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Geography of BelgiumPart BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)What is Saffo according to himself?The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and ________.The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is________.To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and________.What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What do we often do with the things we love?[A] Ask for their names.[B] Name babies after them.[C] Put down their names.[D] Choose names for them.12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if________.[A] the family tree is fairly limited[B] the family tie is strong enough[C] the name is commonly used[D] nobody in the family complains13. Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will ________.[A] show the beauty of its own[B] develop more associations[C] lose the original meaning[D] help form the baby’s personalityQuestions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?[A] 90[B] 108[C] 180[D] 66815. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made ________.[A] England’s footballer of the year[B] a soccer coach in West Germany[C] a medalist for his sportsmanship[D] a number of the Order of the British Empire16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was________.[A] editing Sunday Sport[B] working for Capital Radio[C] managing professional soccer teams[D] developing a sports marketing companyQuestions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Belfast has long been famous for its ________.[A] oil refinery[B] linen textiles[C] food products[D] deepwater port18. Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?[A] Soap[B] Grain[C] Steel[D] Tobacco19. When was Belfast founded?[A] In 1177[B] In 1315[C] In the 16th century[D] In the 17th century20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?[A] French refugees arrived.[B] The harbor was destroyed.[C] Shipbuilding began to flourish.[D] The city was taken by the English.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are28 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 34, children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21. [A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] commenting22. [A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interaction[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26. [A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28. [A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29. [A] affect[B] reduce[C] check[D] reflect30. [A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31. [A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32. [A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33. [A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34. [A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35. [A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36. [A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37. [A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40. [A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection III Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent.” It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do -- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you getE-mail, consider it a r eminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When Caree rSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyeslooking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expressi on “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probablymeans ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three joboptions?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those alreadyemployed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they areemployed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has inlife over Zoë Zysman. English names a re fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidencein speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiaccars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to co mpanies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having aZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way togo.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, fi llingor polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening e conomy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland ho me, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed byWall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,”says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhatt an’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line s 1-2,Paragraph 1), the author means ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4,Paragraph 3) the author is talking about ________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic s lowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ra v itch’s latest bo ok, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism inAmerican Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and co llege recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectualpromise.”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languagesof North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” la nguage, were not always so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term issomewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.61. ________62. ________63. ________64. ________65. ________Section IV Writing66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2004年考研英语真题答案Section I: Listening Comprehension (20 points) Part A (5 points)Part B (5 points)6. A (technology) forecaster;7. government agencies;8. (A) meaningful (exercise);9. open to change;10. Trust and cooperation.Part C (10 points)Section II: Use of English (10 points)Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points) Part A (40 points)31。

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II: Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories __21__ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior __22__ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through __23__ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in __24__ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, __25__ as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, __26__ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes __27__ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are __28__ to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly __29__ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that __30__ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __31__ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in __32__ lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also __33__ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; __34__, children are likely to have less supervision at home __35__ was common in the traditional family __36__. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __37__ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __38__ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing __39__ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __40__ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21. [A] acting[B] relying[C] centering[D] cementing22. [A] before[B] unless[C] until[D] because23. [A] interactions[B] assimilation[C] cooperation[D] consultation24. [A] return[B] reply[C] reference[D] response25. [A] or[B] but rather[C] but[D] or else26. [A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for[D] with28. [A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive[D] subject29. [A] affect[B] reduce[C] chock[D] reflect30. [A] point[B] lead[C] come[D] amount31. [A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length32. [A] case[B] short[C] turn[D] essence33. [A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken[D] experienced34. [A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly[D] simultaneously35. [A] than[B] that[C] which[D] as36. [A] system[B] structure[C] concept[D] heritage37. [A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible[D] incredible38. [A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation[D] availability39. [A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure[D] popularity40. [A] provided[B] since[C] although[D] supposingSection III: Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D] Mark your mowers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)T ext 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success b ut was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent.” It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and W ashington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept -- what you think you want to do -- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When C areerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “Y ou always keep your eyes ope n,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.41. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling.[B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency.[D] Fewer successful matches.43. The expr ession “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.[A] advisory[B] compensation[C] interaction[D] reminder44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.45. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.T ext 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoëuml Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Y et a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Be rlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest me n (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Y et the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to compa nies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.48. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.T ext 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening econ omy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 mil lion to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t m ind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot ne w Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means ________.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic.[B] Confused.[C] Carefree.[D] Panicked.53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about________.[A] gold market[B] real estate[C] stock exchange[D] venture investment54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A now boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.T ext 4Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainer s, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravish. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of FailedSchool Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms fo r 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ________.[A] undervaluing intellect[B] favoring intellectualism[C] supporting school reform[D] suppressing native intelligence58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ________.[A] identical[B] similar[C] complementary[D] opposite59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably ________.[A] a pioneer of education reform[B] an opponent of intellectualism[C] a scholar in favor of intellect[D] an advocate of regular schooling60. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies power.Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of Am erican Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.61. ________62. ________63. ________64. ________65. ________Section IV: Writing66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.Y ou should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2004年参考答案Section II: Use of English (10 points)21. [C] 22. [D] 23. [A] 24. [D] 25. [A] 26. [B] 27. [C] 28. [D] 29. [A] 30. [B] 31. [A] 32. [C] 33. [D] 34. [B] 35. [A] 36. [B] 37. [B] 38. [D] 39. [A] 40. [C] Section III: Reading Comprehension (50 points)Part A (40 points)Txet1重点词汇：stumble across 无意间碰到，偶然发现database []数据库 [记]data 数据key in键入notification[]通知，告示 [记]notify v通知通告drawback []缺点;退款 [记]duty drawback关税退税eliminate [] 排除，消除；淘汰counseling []专家针对个人问题所作的忠告或指导 [记]counselor 顾问；律师；辅导员implicit []暗示的，含蓄的；（in）不怀疑；无保留的[反义词]explicitkeep abreast of跟上…，不落伍；tempt []诱惑，吸引；never to be tempted off the straight path决不被引入歧途compensation []补偿，赔偿。

北京大学2004年秋季现代远程教育招生入学考试专升本英语试卷点击次数：5421 发布日期：2006-9-1 【关闭窗口】字号设置：[ 大中小 ] 考生注意事项：1．本试卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟2．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上无效！一. 语音知识。

请找出下面四个单词中划线部分读音不同的，选出来把答案写在答题纸上。

（每题1分，共10分）1.A). the B). thin C). three D). thirty2.A). tailor B). actor C). doctor D). corn3.A). dark B). card C). war D). bar4.A). sack B). music C). sister D). us5.A). sugar B). put C). pudding D). busy6.A). school B). good C). cool D). room7.A). where B). why C). whose D). white8.A). boy B). club C). debt D). breed9.A). question B). attention C). reception D). reflection10.A). write B). waist C) wage D). wait二. 语法与词汇从下面每题中的四个选项（A，B，C，D）中选出正确的一个填在答题纸上。

（每题2分，共计40分）11. There are five _____ on these_____.A. hero; pictureB. heroes; picturesC. heros; pictureD. heros; pictures12. This classroom is _______.A. Mary and Rose’sB. Mary’s and Rose’sC. Mary’s and RoseD. Mary and Rose13. Most of my classmates come from ________.A. eastB. east’sC. the eastD. an east14. How_________________!A. a beautiful girl you areB. beautiful a girl you areC. a beautiful girl you isD. beautiful a girl you is15. This is the place _____ I used to live.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. when16. When you give a speech, you should speak ______.A. bigB. quicklyC. outD. loudly17. Jack is _____ than me and he is also _____ one in our company.A. tall; tallestB. taller; tallestC. tallest; tallerD. taller; the tallest18. We must _____ hard; otherwise we cannot _____ a graduated student.A. study; areB. study; beC. studied; wereD. studied; be19. He ____ down to _____ a good rest.A. lying; havingB. lain; hadC. lay; haveD. lies; have20. Don’t move, just stay where ______.A. are youB. is youC. you areD. you is21. I __________ the weather when I was in that country.A. was not used toB. used to beC. am not used toD. was not used to be22. ---Who is the baby in the picture?---It’s ______.A. meB. myC. ID. mine23. These apples which _____ the apple tree are getting red and red.A. inB. onC. aboveD. over24. He _______ by his team member, when he played football.A. was hittedB. was hitC. were hitD. were hitting25. John told me _____ he would come to China again.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. where26. I get ____ a bus at a middle school and get ____ the bus at modern plaza to work everyday.A. on; offB. on; downC. over; offD. above; under27. Be careful, he always wants to take advantage _____ people.A. ofB. withC. inD. on28. I ____ a meeting yesterday and I _____ my opinion on the meeting.A. join; raiseB. joined; riseC. attended; raiseD. attend; rised29. Have you _____ to this country? It is an extremely wonderful country.A. be B, been C. being D. go30. --- Didn’t you have dinner last night?--- ________________. ( 是的，我没吃。