高考英语推理判断题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解很重要而且很复杂，为什么复杂？是因为阅读理解有很多题型，那么这些题型中有哪些很重要呢？
接下来就跟大家谈谈非常重要的一种题型——推理题！！！
再说推理题之前，我们先来看一道汉语推理题。
人，就是想探寻宇宙奥秘，觅其所未见，因之为探天险而丧生者已为数众多。人类必须征服自然，金沙江之类的天堑改变成通途，事关国计民生，造福古今后世。不意缆车之发明却大大发展了旅游事业，大量赚钱，满足了弱者也能登临天险的好奇心，后果却摧毁了人间天险。
Q：对这段文字的主旨最准确的概括是（）。
[A].缆车的发明可以使自然界的天险变成通途
[B].缆车既使旅游业赚钱，也满足了游客探险的愿望
[C].缆车可以让弱者登临天险而不必担心有生命危险
[D].缆车满足了人的好奇心，也限制了人对自然的探寻
[解] 正确答案为D。
段落第三句是说缆车发展了旅游、满足了好奇心，后半句发生意思转折，指出缆车也摧毁了人对自然的探寻。由此，可以看出A、B、C三项仅概括了缆车的正面作用，而没有概括由于缆车而产生的负面效果，故正确答案为D。
这个问题很简单吧，汉语推理so easy，但为什么考研阅读推理题同学得分不高呢？你是怎么做的呢？段落翻译一下？选项翻译一下？逐个匹配一下？二选一错一下？付出和收获不成正比？大多数原因是主观臆断，想象力和自我感觉占了主导。言外之意就是，没有找到推理题的解题原则和方法。
推理题长什么样？
传统推理题的题干标志词主要有infer, imply, indicated, suggest, learn等等；新型推理题的题干还有paragraph这种提示段落的词。
推理题分哪几种？
单段推理、多段推理和细节推理。细节推理一听这个名字就是混血儿。它既长得像细节题又长得像推理题。接下来我们会一一给大家讲解。
如何破解推理题？
看似神秘的推理题，实则就是考察段落的主要内容、中心大意。现阶段我们已经掌握了如何去找段落中心，怎么找？六大标志别忘记！一个逻辑两个动词和两个特殊还有平铺。具体说就是表示顺接和转接的逻辑词、观点动词、情态动词、特殊标点、特殊句型、平铺直叙的段首和段尾等等。所以推理题答案就在这六大标志处，光说不练假把式，我们实战演练如何？
But what we forget---what our economy depends on us forgetting---is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us, as religion once did, Memento: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_____.
[A]. happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
[B]. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.
[C]. misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
[D]. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms.
【解】做题步骤是三思一行。
第一思题干类型。learn, paragraph，推理题。
第二思考点定位句。我们首先要找段落中心六大标志。
[错误做法]看到冒号的同学如获至宝，Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it(记住你会死，一切都将结束，幸福不是否定这一切而是坦然接受，言外之意就是死亡不可避免)，然后就选了A或者C。强调一下，如果冒号出现在论据里它就没那么重要了，冒号前面是解释说明一种宗教信仰，宗教作为一个例子来看就没有那么重要了。所以我们可以把这句话去掉不看，在剩下三个句子里找。
①But what we forget---what our economy depends on us forgetting---is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.
②The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us.
③It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
根据顺序性和密度性原则，我们找到考点定位句是③It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
做到这里我们同学其实已经可以得出正确答案了，我们严格按照步骤做完来验证一下。
第三思定位句中关键词。yet逻辑词表示转折，我们做汉语推理题就深有感觉，转折后的意思是重点。关键词=主题词+属性词(情感态度变化)，主题词是it, 属性词就是bitter yet fresh。
一行选项等价代换完全匹配。
题做完了，是不是三思一行让你很踏实无后顾之忧啊！相比较而言，第二步更重要一些，如果考点定位句找错了，方向错了再努力也是白搭。所以同学们上课不仅要认真听做好笔记，课下要严格按照三思一行步骤解题，一定要把六大标志逐行扫描干净，不然第二步可能就会出现偏差。
例题解析：
We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don’t move，they don’t make sounds and they don’t seem to respond to anything—at least not very quickly. But as is often the case，our human’s view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.
Over the years，scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to tomatoes，release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose —to spread information about one plant’s disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is still mysterious.
In this week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest，the cutworm. The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms，it knocked down their survival rate by 17%.The scientists identified the source of HexVic，and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm killing HexVic .Researchers confirmed that uninfected plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is a complex tale，and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes.It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.
17．How do plants warn their neighbors?
A．They make use of winds. B．They release some chemicals.
C．They identify the chemicals. D．They are exposed early.
18．What’s the function of HexVic?
A．It damages the cutworm’s body. B．It shows up more.
C．It cures the disease. D．It sprays over healthy plants.
19．It can be inferred from the text that________．
A．there are not chemical signals
B．the phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoes
C．farmers may benefit from the further studies
D．plants are warned first by their neighbors
20．The passage is likely to appear in ________．
A．a newspaper advertisement B．a physics textbook
C．a science magazine D．a finance report
【解题导语】人们倾向于认为植物是大自然的装饰品。它们不能移动，不能发出声响，看起来不对任何事情作出反应。但是情况常常并非如此，植物一直都在说话。
17．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to tomatoes，release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants.”可知，不同种类的植物通过释放一些化合物进而帮助附近的植物，即B项正确。
18．解析：选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“When the sc ientists fed HexVic to cutworms，it knocked down their survival rate by 17%.”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cut worm killing HexVic.”可知，A项正确。
19．解析：选C。推理判断题。由文章的最后一句可推知，通过进一步的科学研究可以提高农业效率，农民会从中受益，即C项正确。
20．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据文章内容可推知，本文应该是一篇科研报告性质的文章
Exercise
From good reading we can get pleasure, companionship, experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we are sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.
With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters in it are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble (相像)human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to welcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. While human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us friendship, sympathy, and encouragement.
Of all the gifts from reading books, the most valuable one is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape from the seemingly dull realities of daily routines or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb high mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mix with the merry crowds of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of nature, the
enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.
1. Why do we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?
A. No one is trying to disturb you there.
B. All is so quiet and calm around you.
C. The book you read is so fascinating.
D. Our life is just far from satisfactory.
2. What makes people like their acquaintances in books even more?
A. They are just like our human friends.
B. They are unfamiliar types we like.
C. They will never ever abandon us.
D. They will never hurt our feelings.
3. The word “hazardous” means ______.
A. “unexpected”
B. “dangerous”
C. “imaginary”
D. “unusual”
4. “... the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that we can____________.
A. experience the whole world just by reading
B. get anywhere in the world only by asking
C. make a trip around the world free of charge
D. actually possess everything in this world
5. What is the most suitable title for this passage?
A. Reading and traveling
B. Experiencing the world
C. Traveling with books
D. Gifts from reading
参考答案：CCBAD
MCDONALD’S Android, Fanta, Yahoo… When you look at these brands’ logos, how do they make you feel?
Logos are like companies’ faces. A team of psych ologists recently found that our brains are good at remembering different logos, and we develop this ability from the age of 2. Young children tested in the study could identify logos and link them to the correct products about 67 percent of the time.
“Some logos are so powerful that they don’t need to spell out their names,” Alex Hillsberg of Finance son line. Com told the Daily Mail. “They transcend (跨越) cultural borders.”
Intrigued (激起…的好奇心) by this finding, Hillsberg did his own study, trying to figure out what it is about logos that makes such strong impressions.
He found that customers tend to judge products within 90 seconds of seeing them, and most of this judgment is based on one thing-color.
It’s been known for years that different colors affect people’s emotions differently-scientists call this “color psychology”. And some of these effects are similar for most people. So Hillsberg studied many of the world’s most popular logos, focusing especially on their col ors.
Red, for example, tends to convey “energy”. Thus, it is associated with intensity(强烈) and feelings of passion. This is why it is used in the logo for the energy drink Red Bull.
The blue Samsung logo brings feelings of trust and confidence because people associate blue with the “depth and stability (沉稳) of the sky and sea”, said Hillsberg.
The big yellow letter “M” of Mcdonald’s is associated with joy and energy, while Android’s and Starbucks’ greens were designed to communicate “the harmony of nature”.
The purple used by Yahoo is usually linked with the “luxury of royalty(贵族)”. And orange makes people feel creative, which is perfect for brands such as the Web browser Firefox and the drink Fanta. Brown logos make companies appear reliable, which is why the color is used by the chocolate brand M&Ms.
People used to think that logo designers chose colors based largely on their own preference, but this study says otherwise.
“They are calculated,” said Hillsberg. “Big businesses choose logo colors with one thing in mind: that you remember their logos in your sleep.”
6. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?
A. Young children are better at identifying logos than adults are.
B. Most people can tell logos apart in less than a minute.
C. Logo designers often take cultural differences into consideration.
D. Some logos are so effective that they immediately remind people of their brands.
7. Why does Alex Hillsberg focus on logos’colors?
A. He believes logo designers usually prefer certain colors.
B. He thinks that logos’ colors have a big influence on customers’ judgments about brands.
C. He thinks logos’ colors are the easiest thing for customers to remember about them.
D. He discovered new th eory called “color psychology thinks it’s a good place to start from.
8. The Samsung logo and M&Ms chocolate logo are successful because both _____.
A. make customers feel that their brands are trustworthy
B. bring great joy and passion to customers
C. give customers the impression of being nature-friendly
D. inspire customers to expand their creative thinking
9. What is the article mainly about?
A. How to become a logo designer.
B. How our brain recognizes and remembers logos.
C. What makes some logos so impressive.
D. The cultural influence of logos.
参考答案：DBAC
Europe on Thursday launched the first satellite of its Copernicus Earth observation project that will supply valuable images in the event of natural disasters or even a plane crash.
The Sentinel-la satellite, which was sent into Earth' s orbit from Europe's spaceport in French Guiana9 will be used to monitor sea ice, oil spills and land use and to respond to emergencies such as floods and earthquakes.
The Copernicus proiect , for which the European Union and the -European Space Agency (ESA) have committed funding of around 8. 4 billion euros (_$_11. 5 billion) until 2020, is described by the _ESA as the most ambitious earth observation program to date.
"The big step forward is that we can now cover every place on Earth every three to six days," Volker Liebig, director of ESA' s Earth Observation program, said ahead of the launch. "If you want to use images for disaster management support or to find a plane, then you want the images to be as fresh as possible. " But he cautioned you would first need to know roughly where a plane had crashed, which is not the case with the missing Malaysian Airlines jet.
Copernicus also offers new business opportunities. Images can be downloaded free of charge, meaning companies can then use them to help deliver data to farmers on soil conditions or pest infestation, help oil companies decide where to drill new wells or make it easier for insurers to assess the risk of costly floods and fires.
Sentinel-la, which will operate with a second satellite, Sentinel-1b, to be launched next year, has high-tech instrurnents that will allow it to record radar images of Earth's surface, even when the skies are cloudy or dark. As part of the Copernicus program, there will be 17 launches over the next decade.
10. For what purpose was the Sentinel-la satellite sent up into space?
A. To improve observation of the earth.
B. To search for some missing planes.
C. To download free valuable images.
D. To predict floods and earthquakes.
11.What do we know about Copernicus Earth observation project,?
A. It can cover every place on Earth at the same time.
B. It makes a profit by offering downloaded images.
C. It is financed by the European Union and ESA.
D: It has put two satellites into Earth's orbit successfully.
12.According to Volker Liebig , the Sentine-la satellite ______.
A. can locate the missing Malaysian Airlines jet
B. has advanced but limited functions
C. may cause some safety problems
D. doesn't work on cloudy days or at night
13. How does the Copernicus project benefit farmers?
A. By supplying data on soil conditions.
B. By calculating the loss of costly floods.
C. By drilling oil wells in proper places.
D. By controlling the risk of potential fires.
14. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about the Sentinel-1a satellite?
A. Its operation.
B. Its appearance.
C. Its instruments.
D. Its future.
参考答案：ACBAD
高考阅读理解专题：推理判断题的解题技巧 推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。 近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题: 1. 这类题干中通常含有learn( ), infer( ), suggest( ), imply( ), conclude （）, indicate( )等标志性词语, 常见的提问方式有： 1)．We can know from the passage that ________． 2). We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________． 3)．The passage/author implies/suggests that ______． 4)．It can be concluded from the passage that ________． 5)．The underlined sentence indicates that ________ 2. 解题技巧 ①针对细节推断: 在原文中找到相关的信息源--- 对具体内容分析-- 推理判断得出结论 实例1：Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle." 1. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. ②针对主题思想:以主题为核心----- 分析逻辑关系----- 得出结论 实例2：In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms. 1. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. More time should be spent on computers. B. Children should be forbidden to watch TV. C. TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms. D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done. 1. 题干中通常含有attitude, view ,opinion,, in the author’s opinion/mind等标志性词语。提问方式: 1)．The author seems to be in favor of/against ______． 2)．The author may probably agree with/support ________． 3)．What's the author's opinion about...? 4)．In the author's opinion...?
专题07 阅读理解推理判断题 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . 2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4.The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6.The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替
阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导 一、推理判断题常见提问方式 1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that ________. 2. It can be inferred (推断）from the story that ________. 3. We can learn from the passage that ________. 4. The passage is intended to ________. 5. The first paragraph of this passage is to ________. 6. From the passage, we can learn / conclude that ________. 7. The passage may be a / an ________. 8. How does the author seem to feel about this issue? 9. Which of the following might happen later? 10. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage? 二、选项特点分析 推理判断题目选项的设置有一定的特点和规律，了解这些，可以帮助提高答题的正确率。 1．正确选项的特点： （1）正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性； （2）正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等； （3）正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。 2．干扰选项的特点： （1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论； （2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符； （3）根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点； （4）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度； （5）部分选项的内容纯属编造。 三、推理判断题的解题方法 解决此类题要注意：一是与原文相同的细节不能选；二是不能跳出文章做推断。 1. 抓住特定关键信息进行推理。 做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。 【例1】 The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well. The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 means “_______”. A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations 【解析】根据这段文字，我们可以推断出They指的是ground stations（地面卫星接收站），故选D。【例2】 Cost Adult: $7.40 Children (under 15 y ears): half … John and his 10-year-old son want to watch Secret of the Dragon. How much should they pay? A . $7.40. B. $11.10. C. $14.80. D. $23.20. 【解析】根据上面的信息可知，15岁以下的孩子是半价。所以，一个成人和一个10岁的孩子应该花$7.40+$3.70=$11.10，故选B。 【例3】
判断推理 基本题型：图形推理，演绎推理，类比推理，定义判断 观察（特点）——抽象（本质）——推理 第一部分：图形推理（强调必要的技巧） 图形推理形式题型： 规律推理类（一幅图给出性质，多幅图给出规律） 1类比推理类 观察：（组成元素完全相同，一个小方框加一个黑点） 抽象：位置发生变化 推理：平移，翻转 2对比推理类 3坐标推理类（给出一个九宫格） 坐标推理的推理路线 横行（很少），竖列，S型，O型（中间全黑或全白），对角线 4空间重构类 平面组成型（肯定平移） 折叠组合型 规律推理类（分值很大） 一幅图给出性质，多幅图给出规律，分为三类 数量类 题目特点：各图组成元素凌乱（位置看不出，没有共同样式） 数量类型：点（交点），线（直线，笔画），角，面，素（元素，包括个数和种类） 点一般有个割线，线一般是直线和笔画，角是有曲直，面（几个面），素（个数和种类）
记住：点，线，角，面，素，线包含笔画，包含一笔画问题 一笔画问题：奇点（点引出奇数线）的个数为0或2的图形可以一笔画。如日，奇点数为2. 数整个点线面素都选完了，就选局部，小圆圈的个数是0，1，2，3 如何分局部？ 1要不分样式（比如上图小圆圈） 2要不分位置（上下左右里外），分位置数元素的个数和种类。 数完数量，就看数量的规律：要么单调，要么对称，要么看规律，要么计算，九宫格的两项不可以构成数列，所以两数递推或三数叠加。下题就是三数叠加： 数量规律推理类总结： 第一步，图形化为数字： 点，线（笔画），角，面，素 整体不行，一笔画问题，分位置，分样式 第二部，数量确定规律 增加，减少，恒定，对称，奇偶，乱序，运算
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属深层理解题。此类试题的设计常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词。 这类题的设问方式主要有： (1)We can infer from the passage that ______. (2)What can be inferred from the passage? (3)Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (4)It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______. (5)The author suggest in this passage that ______. (6)The writer implies that ______. (7)It can be inferred that ______. (8)It can be concluded from the passage that ______. (9)On the whole, we can conclude that ______. (10)From the text we can conclude that ______. (11)After reading the passage we may conclude that ______. (12)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? (13)The author is inclined to think that ______. (14)When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that______. (15)What's the writer's attitude towards...? (16)What's the author's feeling towards...?
2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题（含解析） 一、阅读理解 1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 Here are six steps to better studying. Pay attention in class Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention. Take good notes Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject. Plan ahead for tests and projects Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it up When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night. Ask for help You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help. Sleep tight So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan—but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning. （1）We know from the passage that a loud person is ________. A. a student who always answers questions loudly in class B. someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice C. a student who likes speaking with others in class D. a person who makes a lot of noise in public places （2）If you don't understand what you have learnt, you can ________. A. read your notes over and over again B. turn to people around you for help C. put aside the material for later review D. ask your teacher to explain it the next day （3）By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?
中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技 巧 中考英语阅读理解题-----细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧细节理解题 阅读理解是中考的必考题型，因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。阅读理解题型有很多种，但从命题角度来看，通常可以分为四种：即事实细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。 事实理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把 握能力，内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，难度较低。同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文—段落—词语的步骤来解题。 一、命题特点 事实细节题的考点非常明确，主要有以下几处： 1、列举信息处常考。 文章中first…second, to begin with, in addition, on one hand, on the other hand等并列关系出现的地方，常会要求考生从所列的内容中，选择符合题干要求的选项。 2、举列与打比方之处常考。
考生要对那些引出例子或比喻的标志词，如as, such as, for example, for instance等加以注意，因为这些词是作者为使自己的观点更具说服力而用来引出具体事例的，这些事例就是常考的细节处。 3、指示代词出现处常考。 这类考题常用来考查学生是否真正了解上下文句子之间的逻辑关系。 4、引用人物论断处常考。 作者为正确表达自己的观点或使论点更有依据，常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重要的发现。 5、特殊标点符号后的内容常考。 因为特殊标点符号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释或说明，同学们注意到这些标点，也就注意到了细节。这些特殊符号包括表示解释的破折号、括号和冒号以及表示引用的引号等。 另外，事实细节题的选项也很有特点：通常正确答案不是照搬的原文；干扰选项则正好相反，有的来自原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；有的符合常识，但不符合原文内容；有的与原句内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动；有的与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；也有的是部分正确或部分错误。 二、解题方法
阅读技巧推理判断题 推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理的结论。 合理，是指准确地从原文中推理，而不是读者主观认为的合理或文章已提供的明显的事实。 推理判断题常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose 等词提问。提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，most likely等。 推理判断题常见的问题形式有： 1. It can be inferred / concluded from the passage that … 2. The passage suggests / implies that … 3. The author may probably agree with / support … 4. By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means … 5. T he author seems to be in favour of / be against … 6. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is… 推理判断题的解题技巧： 所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但暗示出来，或者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类型的题尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。 还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误选项的排除要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的训练。 推理判断题主要题型： 针对细节的逻辑推断 针对主题思想、作者意图的推断 针对作者态度、观点等的推断 （一）细节推理题： 抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，结合上下文或上下句，推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。在推断中，我们要严格依据作者所述的细节、事实，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。 例１：When she looked ahead. Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions. Now at the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina to the California coast. On that fourth of July morning 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense. She could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she struggled on, hour after hour, while millions watched on national television. Alongside Florence in one of the boats, her mother and here trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasn’t much fa rther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had… until then. With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out. What does “she never had…”in the third paragraph mean? A. She had never been so desperate.
1、演绎推理题型分析及解题技巧总结 所谓推理，是指由一个或几个已知的判断推导出另外一个新的判断的思维形式。一切推理都必须由前提和结论两部分组成。一般来说，作为推理依据的已知判断称为前提，所推导出的新的判断则称为结论。推理大体分为直接推理和间接推理。 只有一个前提的推理叫直接推理。例如：有的高三学生是共产党员，所以有的共产党员是高三学生。 一般有两个或两个以上前提的推理就是间接推理。例如：贪赃枉法的人必会受到惩罚，你们一贯贪赃枉法，所以今天你们终于受到法律的制裁和人民的惩罚。 一般说，间接推理又可以分为演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理等三种形式。 1、演绎推理及其分类 所谓演绎推理，是指从一般性的前提得出了特殊性的结论的推理。例如：贪赃枉法的人是必定会受到惩罚的，你们一贯贪赃枉法，所以，你们今天是必定要受到法律的制裁、人民的惩罚的。这里，“贪赃枉法的人是必定会受到惩罚的”是一般性前提，“你们一贯贪赃枉法”是特殊性前提。根据这两个前提推出”你们今天是必定要受到法律的制裁和人民的惩罚的”这个特殊性的结论。 演绎推理可分为三段论、假言推理和选言推理。 1、三段论 (1)所谓三段论是推理中最普通的一种形式。它由三个简单判断组成，其中两个是前提，一个是结论。例如：不法分子都害怕法律的制裁（大前提）；杀人犯是不法分子（小前提）；所以杀人犯害怕法律的制裁（结论）。 (2)三段论的推理一般有三个特点： ①有三个判断； ②每个判断都有两个概念，整个推理共有三个不同的概念，每个概念都出现两次； ③在前提中都有一个概念起媒介的作用。 在逻辑学中，阐述三段论时，概念和判断都有一定的名称。即，在作结论的判断中的谓项称为大项（P）；作主项的称为小项（S）；在结论中不出现，在前提中起媒介作用的称为中项（M）。一般，包含大项的判断称为大前提，包含小项的判断称为小前提。 (3)我们在运用三段论时，还要遵守三个原则： ①一个三段论必须（也只能）有三个概念，特别是中项必须是同一概念，否则就会产生错误（通常把这种错误说为“偷换概念”）。例如：茅盾著作不是几天可以读完的；《白杨礼赞》是茅盾著作；所以，《白杨礼赞》不是几天可以读完的。 这里，在大前提中的“茅盾著作”指所有茅盾著作构成的总体，而小前提中的“茅盾著作”则是茅盾许多著作中的一种具体的著作，两者含义不同，已经不是三个概念，而是变成了四个概念，致使推理产生了错误。 ②中项在前提中至少周延一次。周延是在一个判断中对于主项和谓项是否全部断定，如全部断定就是周延，否则就是不周延。如果违反这条规则，就会犯“中项不周延”的错误。例如：劳模都参加了这次代表大会；刘波参加了这次代表大会；所以，刘波是劳模。 在这个推理中，大前提里，中项并没有全部断定，因为参加代表大会的并不一定都是劳模。在小前提里，中项也没有完全断定，因为出席代表大会的肯定不是只有刘波一个人。由于在大小前提中，中项都是不周延，所以，这个推理犯了“中项不周延”的错误（逻辑错误）。 ③在大前提中不周延的概念，在结论中也不能周延。否则就会造成“不当周延”的错误。例如：书记是做人的思想工作的；她不是书记；所以，她不是做人的思想工作的。在这个推理
专题限时集训(四) 阅读理解 训练4 推理判断题(Ⅰ) (对应学生用书第141页) A【导学号：38144027】 (2017·浙江金丽衢十二校联考二) I had prided myself on being unattached to any device before I got a smartphone. It's not a very fancy smartphone，but I was lost.It was used during commercial breaks，the line at the bank，the three minutes it takes for the popcorn to pop... I broke the most sacred technology rule I had with my kids —not in the bedroom.I didn't just take my smartphone in the bedroom.I charged it there. Soon，that device was the first thing that I grabbed after waking —checking the weather，the news，my e-mails，my messages，all before going to the bedroom or letting out the dog. Eventually，it moved from my purse to my pocket.I knew its weight and I knew when it was missing. There is a lot of downtime as a parent.I used to keep a book with me for these times; now I keep the smartphone.I opened apps without conscious thought－tap，tap，refresh，refresh...Even looking up when I was watching a game on a sports field became a challenge. Recently，I was waiting for my younger child's soccer game to start，trying to answer e-mails，text my husband，and update a website.The phone lost its signals before my updating the website. I drove home and made a beeline for the laptop.My oldest child sat across from me. I asked the standard Mom-question half-heartedly，half-listening as she responded.She was talking about some music opportunity，something she was excited about.I glanced up from my screen and saw her looking right at me. I started apologizing，but she smiled：“My friends are much better at multitasking online.”
判断推理题型分析以及解题思路 在公务员考试中根据题型可分为削弱型、加强型、前提型、解释型、评价型和结论型六种题型。 （一）判断推理备考方略之削弱型试题技巧 一、削弱型题目：此类题型的特点是题干中给出一个完整的论证或者表达某种观点，要求从备选项中寻找到最能（或最不能）反驳或削弱题干的选项。 削弱型的题目是以分析题干的结论、论据和论证逻辑为主的一类题目。削弱型题目的解题关键是首先应明确题干的推理关系，即什么 是前提，什么是结论；其次，根据题目的问题来明确削弱的方向是针对前提、结论还是论证本身。一般来讲，题目本身直接要求削弱论据的提问方式很少，大部分的题目是要求削弱结论或者是论证。而要求削弱结论或论证的题目，我们可以通过直接削弱论据、直接削弱论点或者直接削弱论证关系来达到目的，其中直接削弱论证关系主要可以从前提与结论没有联系、因果倒置、另有他因这三个方面考虑。 注意：当一个题目中有多个选项对题干有削弱作用时，要观察哪个选项是直接削弱题干，哪个选项是间接削弱题干，哪个选项是削弱论据，哪个选项是削弱论点，哪个选项是削弱论证关系。一般来说，
直接削弱比间接削弱的削弱作用强，削弱论点比削弱论据或论证关系的削弱作用强。 例题： 在—些地方，村民委员会组织法的相关规定没有得到真正落实，尤其是该法的一项重要精神——管理过程中采用监督和评议等手段制约村官滥用权力，远远没有落实到位。在这—背景下，一些村官疯狂贪污，村民维权困难，仅靠行政渠道的调查组或司法渠道的“两院”，可能不能解决问题。 下面哪句话最能削弱上述相关内容？ A.有的地方的村民委员会组织法的相关规定得到了真正落实 B.依靠行政渠道的调查组或司法渠道的“两院”必然不能解决村官贪污问题 C.我国村民委员会组织法的相关规定得到了真正落实 D.依靠行政渠道的调查组或司法渠道的“两院”有可能解决村官贪污 问题 【答案】D。 解析：分析题干可知，题干的结论为“一些村官疯狂贪污，村民维权困难，仅靠行政渠道的调查组或者司法渠道的‘两院'，似乎很难解决问题”。D项直接指出依靠行政渠道的调查组或司法渠道的‘两院’ 有可能解决村官贪污问题，直接质疑了结论，是对题干论证最有力地
阅读理解推理判断题的答题技巧 主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断),indicate(象征；暗 示),imply/suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论),assume(假定，设想)。 1.细节推理判断题 一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有： Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat_____. Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat_____. Wemayinferthat_____. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated? 2.预测推理判断题 根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有： Whatdoyouthinkwillhap penif/when…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_____. 3.推测文章来源或读者对象 常见命题形式有：
Thepassageisprobablytakeoutof_____. Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____. Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom? 4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。 询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解 释),prove(证明),persuade(劝说),advise(劝告),comment(评论),praise(赞扬),criticize(批评),entertain(娱 乐),demonstrate(举例说明),argue(辩论),tell(讲述),analyze(分析)等。 询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(满意的),friendly(友好 的),enthusiastic(热情的),subjective(主观的),objective(客观的),matter-of-fact(实事求是的),pessimistic(悲观 的),optimistic(乐观的),critical(批评的),doubtful(怀疑 的),hostile(敌对的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。常见命题形式有： Thepurposeofthetextis_____. Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Bymentioning…,theauthoraimstoshowthat_____. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?
解密阅读理解之推理判断题 考点详解 推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有： 1. It can be inferred from the text that… 2. We can conclude that… 3. When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that… 4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析： 题型一细节推断题： 常见的设问方式： It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________. The author mainly suggests that ________. It can be concluded from the passage that_______. The writer implies but not directly states _______. What does the author imply about newspapers? 细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 干扰项特点：
宁夏公务员考试断推理题解答方法 逻辑判断 逻辑判断，也叫逻辑推理，是判断推理中的测试内容之一。10道（或15道）试题由题干、提问和备选项组成。题干或是给出一段论述、或是给定一些条件，然后根据提问，在A.B.C.D 四个备选项中选择一个作为答案。 逻辑推理蕴涵普通逻辑的基础常识。这些常识，在类比推理、定义判断等其他内容的测试中，都有广泛应用，相互之间的关联性不容忽视。当然，不了解这些常识，也可以做一般性的分析和断定，但往往出错。原因是，不同的试题，都针对着不同的知识点，也就是考点。这些考点的考核方法和出题思路是有规律的。离开这些规律，就无从把握考点，有可能导出“我认为”的思路，而失去了正确解答的机会。 为了便于考生掌握考点，有效地管理和调用相关的常识、方法和技巧，本书根据试题常见的考点，首先提供几个好理解、易操作的快读、快解方法，提高考生的应试能力。这些快读、快解方法，都是针对历年公务员考试的考点和题型积累起来的经验和技巧，在应试中十分重要。当然，当了解必要的逻辑常识后，这些方法的应用就更为灵活。 快读快解应用篇 ——真题考点经验精选 快读快解口诀集锦 条件有矛盾真假好分辨 对应关系杂排除做首选 具体有疑问果断选宏观 可能不推“必”部分不推“全” 选项要证据直观是答案 强弱相比较选最才保险 概念有内涵当心被偷换 分析必弄清论据和论点 发现联结词规则用在先
分析巧运用解题思路宽 口决部分解说： 1.条件有矛盾真假好分辨 公务员考试中有这样的试题： 试题1： 某仓库失窃，四个保管员因涉嫌而被传讯。四人的供述如下： 甲：我们四人都没作案； 乙：我们中有人作案； 丙：乙和丁至少有一人没作案； 丁：我没作案。 如果四人中有两人说的是真话，有两人说的是假话，则以下哪项断定成立? A．说真话的是甲和丁B．说真话的是乙和丙 c．说真话的是甲和丙D．说真话的是乙和丁 这是典型的利用分析矛盾解析的试题。历年至今，在全国各地公务员考试中屡不鲜。解析这类试题，关键要找到条件之间的逻辑矛盾，然后真假自明。 什么是逻辑矛盾？简明地说，两个不同的断定，必有一个真，一个假。比如：“这马是白的”和“这马不是白的”就构成了逻辑矛盾。两者不能同真也不能同假。而“这马是白的”和“这马是黄的”就不是逻辑矛盾。虽然它们不能同真，但有可能都是假的——如果它是一匹红色的马呢？ 了解了这些常识，可以利用分析矛盾的方法，解答上题。 [解析] 1）四人中，两人诚实，两人说谎。 2）甲和乙的话有矛盾！ 甲：我们四人都没作案； 乙：我们中有人作案； 可断定：甲和乙两人一个诚实一个撒谎。剩余丙、丁两人中也必然是一