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英语高考第一轮复习知识点与语法总结+高中英语语法手册

英语高考第一轮复习知识点与语法总结+高中英语语法手册
英语高考第一轮复习知识点与语法总结+高中英语语法手册

高考人教版英语高考复习知识点细讲总结第一轮复习

英语(新人教版)

知识梳理篇

必修1

Unit 1Friendship

Unit 2English around the world

Unit 3Travel journal

Unit 4Earthquakes

Unit 5Nelson Mandela — a modern hero 必修2

Unit 1Cultural relics

Unit 2The Olympic Games

Unit 3Computers

Unit 4Wildlife protection

Unit 5Music

必修3

Unit 1Festivals around the world

Unit 2Healthy eating

Unit 3The Million Pound Bank Note Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars Unit 5Canada—“The True North”

必修4

Unit 1Women of achievement

Unit 2Working the land

Unit 3A taste of English humour

Unit 4Body language

Unit 5Theme parks

Page No.5

必修5

Unit 1Great scientists

Unit 2The United Kingdom

Unit 3Life in the future

Unit 4Making the news

Unit 5First aid

选修6

Unit 1Art

Unit 2Poems

Unit 3A healthy life

Unit 4Global warming

Unit 5The power of nature

选修7

Unit 1Living well

Unit 2Robots

Unit 3Under the sea Unit 4Sharing

Unit 5Travelling abroad

选修8

Unit 1A land of diversity

Unit 2Cloning

Unit 3Inventors and inventions

Unit 4Pygmalion

Unit 5Meeting your ancestors

选修9

Unit 1Breaking records &

Unit 2Sailing the oceans

Unit 3Australia &

Unit 4Exploring plants &

Unit 5Inside advertising

选修10

Unit 1Nothing ventured, nothing gained & Unit 2King Lear

Unit 3Fairness for all &

Unit 4Learning efficiently &

Unit 5Enjoying novels

作文万能篇

记叙文

议论文

应用文(书信)Ⅰ

应用文(书信)Ⅱ

应用文(书信)Ⅲ

应用文(书信)Ⅳ

应用文(发言稿)

半开放式作文Ⅰ

半开放式作文Ⅱ

开放作文

语法提升篇

专题一名词与冠词

专题二代词

专题三形容词与副词

专题四连词

专题五动词的时态和语态

专题六情态动词和虚拟语气

专题七非谓语动词

专题八句子成分和种类

专题九名词性从句

专题十定语从句

专题十一状语从句

专题十二主谓一致专题十三强调句,省略句,倒装句必修1

核心单词

1. add

vt.& vi. 增加;加;加起来;补充说;又说

常用结构:

add to增添;增加;增进

add ...to ...把……增添到……

add up合计,相加

add up to总数为;总计为

He added some wood to increase the fire.

他添了一些木柴,使火更旺些。

If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。

Unit 1 Friendship

Page No.11

Page No.12

①解析:选C。考查动词辨析。句意为:我要说的就是这些,

约翰你还有什么要补充的吗?

②解析:选D。add to的意思是“添加到”。

2. upset

adj. 心烦意乱的;不安的;不适的

vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安;使心烦;打翻;打乱

联想拓展

be upset by...被……打乱

upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼

Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.

她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。

Don’t upset yourself — no harm has been done.

不要难过——并没有造成任何伤害。

He was horribly upset over her illness.

他为她的病而忧心忡忡。

The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。

高手过招

用upset的适当形式填空(原创)

①The food my stomach.

②She felt rather on hearing the news.

③Is it an message?

④Don’t be . It will be OK.

①upset ②upset ③upsetting ④upset

3. ignore

vt. 不理睬;忽视

I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.

我向她打招呼,可是她根本不理我。

He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.

他不顾时速限制,把车开得飞快。

联想拓展

ignorant adj. (对某事物)不了解的;无知的;无学识的

be ignorant of/about sth.不知道;没有意识到

ignorance n.无知;愚昧;不知道

be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事

易混辨析

ignore/neglect/overlook

ignore 通常指有意不顾,或不理会显而易见的事物。

neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视,也可指粗心与疏忽。

overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。

高手过招

(1)用ignore/neglect/overlook的适当形式填空(原创)

①We could not afford to such a serious offence.

②He utterly my warnings and met with an accident.

③Don’t to pay him a visit now and then.

(1)①overlook ②ignored ③neglect

(2)单项填空

—So you didn’t say hello to him last night?

—Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he me and walked on. (2010·杭州一模)

A. Ignored

B. refused

C. denied

D. missed

Page No.15

(2)解析:选A。答句句意为:我看到他就停下来冲他微笑,但是

他没理我就走了。ignore不理睬,忽视;refuse拒绝;deny否认,

拒绝给予;miss怀念,错过。

4. concern

n. [U]关心,担心,担忧;[C]有利害关系的事

vt. 涉及,关系到,参与;使担心

联想拓展

concerning prep. 关于

concerned adj.有关的;担心的

concern sb.与某人有关

be concerned with sth.牵涉,与……有关;参与

concern oneself with 关心

be concerned about/for/over sth.担心;关心某事

as/so far as ... be concerned关于;至于;就……而言

As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.

就我而言,你什么时候走都行。

We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.

我们读了关于天外来客的故事。

I was very concerned about my mother’s illness.

我很担心母亲的病情。

高手过招

(1)单项填空

The meeting was concerned reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.

(2010·福建厦门双十中学检测)

A. with; for

B. for; which

C. for; about

D. about; with

(2)用concern的适当形式填空(原创)

①There is an article that the rise of the prices.

②The children are rather about their mother’s health.

③Officials should themselves public affairs.

(1)解析:选A。句意为:这次会议牵涉到改革,在场的每个人都很担心自己的利益。be concerned with 牵涉到,和……有关;be concerned for/about 担心;关心。

(2)①concerns ②concerned ③concern;with

5. settle

vi. 安家;定居;停留

vt. 使定居;安排;解决

Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。

常用结构:

settle down 镇定下来

settle in 在……定居

He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.

他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。

The family has settled in Canada.

这家人已定居加拿大。

Page No.18

高手过招

单项填空

①—Do you know anyone in Paris?

—No. I’ll make friends once .(2010·福建厦门六中检测)

A. I’m settled

B. I have settled

C. I’ll be settled

D. I’m settling

②The brake of your bicycle has come loose. You’d better it .(2010·陕西西安交大附中)

A. settle

B. fix

C. pick

D. correct

①解析:选A。settle作“安家”讲时,既可用settle,也可用be settled。本题是由once(一旦)引起的时间状语从句,故用一般现在时表将来。

②解析:选B。由句意可知,因为自行车的车闸坏了,因此要“修理”。

Page No.19

6. suffer

vt. 遭受;忍受;蒙受

vi.后接from/for意为“受……之苦”,“患……疾病”

常用结构:

suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains

遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦

He suffered hard pains from the accident.

他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。

Do you suffer from headaches? 你经常头痛吗?

She’s suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。

联想拓展

sufferer n. 受苦者,受难者

suffering n.痛苦,苦难

Page No.20

高手过招

(1)单项填空

In the countryside there are many dropouts (辍学者). I think the difficulty the poor economic conditions.(2010·浙江嘉兴一轮检测)

A. lies in

B. result in

C. leads to

D. suffers from

(2)翻译句子

我们在金融危机中损失惨重。

(1)解析:选A。考查短语辨析。lie in在这里相当于because of。

(2)We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.

Page No.21

重点短语

7. go through

经历;经受;检查;浏览;用完;做完

The country has gone through too many wars.

这个国家经历了太多的战争。

She’s gone through a bad patch r ecently.

她最近经历了一段困难时期。

Have you gone through all your money already?

你把所有的钱都花完了吗?

I went through the students’ papers last night.

昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。

联想拓展

go after追求;追赶

go ahead 前进;请说(做)吧

go by走过;(时间)过去

go along with向前;(与......)一起去

go in for爱好;从事

Page No.22

go out 外出;(灯,火)熄灭

go over 越过;复习

go through with 做完;完成

go up 爬上;(价格等)上升

高手过招

单项填空

①We’d better try to with the experiment, I think. Now let’s with it.(2010·河南许昌一模)

A. go through; go on

B. go on; go over

C. go over; go through

D. go on; go through

②If a person has taken too much medicine by mistake, you should make the person .(2010·平顶山一中月考)

A. go up

B. rise up

C. throw up

D. set up

Page No.23

①解析:选A。go through with sth.意思是“做完,完成”;go on with 意思是“继续”。

②解析:选C。throw up的意思是“呕吐;吐出”。

8. get sth.done

让别人做某事/使得某事被做

done是过去分词作宾语补足语,与have sth. done句型的用法一样。

get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事物……起来

get sb. to do sth.使/让某人做某事

get done (状态的改变)get作系动词,相当于be

get away逃脱;离开

get back回来;取回

get by维持生活;通过

get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事

get in进站;到达;收集

get off下来;下车

get on上车;进展;进步

Page No.24

get cross(对……)生气,发脾气

get in one’s way挡路,妨碍

get used to doing sth.习惯做某事

get involved in涉及

get in touch with和……取得联系

get it了解,懂得,明白

高手过招

(1)单项填空

The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to our studies. (2010·河南焦作一中月考)

A. get down to

B. get out

C. get back for

D. get over

(2)完成句子(原创)

①讲解后,老师让我们思考起问题来。

Shortly after the explanation the teacher got us .

Page No.25

②我们将很快为你订制一套新衣服。

We will get a new suit for you.

③她试图使他说话。

She tried to get him .

(1)解析:选A。该题根据交际情景考查短语动词的用法。根据题意,此处指开始认真学习,

故选A。get down to开始认真考虑,符合题意。get out出去,离开,逃脱,泄露;get back for 回来,恢复;get over爬过;克服,熬过;恢复,原谅。故B、C、D三项均不符合题意。

(2)①thinking ②made ③to talk

9. set down

放下;记下;登记

Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。

Page No.26

联想拓展

set about (doing sth.) 着手(做某事)

set out (to do sth.)开始,着手(做某事)

set aside留出;不顾

set back(把钟等)往回拨;推迟

set free释放;解放

set off动身,出发(去某地);使爆炸

set out动身,出发;安排,组织

set up开办;建立;设立

set an example to树立榜样

set fire to ...= set ... on fire纵火烧

be set in以……为背景

The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.

由于天气恶劣,建筑计划延误了好几个星期。

We need to set about finding a solution.

我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。

Page No.27

温馨提示

set about 和set out都可作“开始/着手做某事”讲,但set about 后加doing sth.,而set out 后加to do sth.。

高手过招

单项填空

As soon as he got to the offi ce, he the students’ papers.

(2010·山东济南一中月考)

A. got down to correct

B. got down to correcting

C. set down to correcting

D. sit down to correcting

解析:选B。get down to意思是“着手做某事”,其中to是介词,

后跟名词或动名词。

Page No.28

10. on purpose

故意

The boy broke Jack’s window o n purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.

那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的,他想吓一下杰克。

联想拓展

purpose n. 目的,用途;目标;重要意义

for the purpose of 为了……

to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳

The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.

这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。

高手过招

用purpose的适当形式或短语填空(原创)

①He didn’t do it .

②What was your ?

①on purpose ②purpose

Page No.29

11. join in

参加;加入

They didn’t have enough time to join in the activity.

他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。

联想拓展

join sb. in sth.与某人一起做某事

join up入伍;参军

join up with sb.与某人联合;会合

join hands with sb.与某人拉起手来;合伙;联合

Will you join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步吗?

Let us join hands in friendship.

让我们携手共建友谊吧。

Page No.30

易混辨析

join in/join/take part in/attend

join in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。

join ①参加某组织或团体,并成为其中一员;②来和某人待在一起。

take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动,并在其中发挥一定的作用。

attend 正式用语,指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等,句子的主语是去听去看,自己不一定起积极作用,相当于be present。

高手过招

用join/join in/take part in/attend的适当形式填空(原创)

①I decided to the club to have dance training.

②Would you like me to the game?

③I a meeting last month.

④I will have to his funeral next week.

①join ②join in ③took part in/attended ④attend

Page No.31

重点句型

12. ...but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.

……但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。

not ... until 意为“直到……才”,表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生,主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。until引导从句时,如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作,

则主句用肯定式;如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词,则用否定形式。

“It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that ...”相当于“Not until ... did (does, do, is ...)+主语...”意为“直到……才”,是强调形式。

You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.

体温正常后,你才能起床。

He didn’t leave until the meeting was over.

直到会议结束他才离开。

Page No.32

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.

=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.

=I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位电影明星。

高手过招

单项填空

①Not until , settle the problem. (2010·潍坊一轮验收)

A. he returns; can we

B. he returns; we can

C. does he returns; we can

D. does he return; we can

②It was back home after the experiment.

A. not until midnight did he go

B. until midnight that he didn’t go

C. not until midnight that he went

D. until midnight when he didn’t go

Page No.33

①解析:选A。当not until位于句首时句子需倒装。句意为:直到他回来我们才能解决这个问题。

②解析:选C。强调句型It is/was ...that对not until ...进行强调时,需把not until ...放到强调结构中,故选C。

13. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

遛狗的时候,你太大意了,一松手,狗就被车撞了。

while walking the dog是连词while加现在分词短语结构,强调分词的动作正在发生,相当于while you were walking the dog。

在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致,谓语含有系动词be,可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。

When crossing the street, you should be careful.

过马路时,你应当小心。

If heated, water can be turned into vapour.

如果受热,水会变成蒸气。

Page No.34

温馨提示

在状语从句中,如果从句的主语为it时,也可以将it和助动词be省略。

Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话,他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。

高手过招

单项填空

①with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. (2010·山东莱州检测)

A. Compares

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

②the two systems, little man found the latter advantageous.(原创)

A. Compare

B. When compared

C. Compared

D. When comparing

Page No.35

①解析:选D。考查状语从句的省略用法。在状语从句中,如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或者主语为it时,可以将从句中的主语或者it和助动词be省略。本句是将状语从句“When it is compared with the size of the whole earth”中的it is省略,因此正确答案为D。

②解析:选D。考点省略。在状语从句中,当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,通常采用省略形式。句中的little man与compare之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故选D。

14. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

此句中的it’s ...that是强调句型。关于强调句型,我们需要掌握以下几点:

Page No.36

(1)强调句型的基本结构:

“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用,不作成分,但不能省略。当被强调部分为sb.作宾语时,可用who,也可用that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时,that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上保持一致。

(2)特殊句式中的强调句型:

①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词,表示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时,就用如下结构:“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余部分”,that/who后只能使用陈述语序。

②在“not ...until”结构中,由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时,要用固定的强调句型:“It+is/was+not until ...+that+该句的其余部分”,that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。

Page No.37

(3)强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句,可采用“还原法”。如果还原为一般句式后,句子各种成分完整,则是强调句,否则不是。

It was three o’clock when I got home.

我到家的时候三点。

It was at three o’clock that I got home.

三点钟我到的家。

It was in his town that he was brought up.

他是在镇上被养大的。(强调句)

It was this town where/in which he was brought up.

这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)

(4)英语中常用助动词do, does或did强调谓语。

He did go to the airport yester day, but he didn’t find you.

他昨天确实去了机场,但他没有找到你。

Page No.38

It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.

是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。

When is it that we will have a meeting?

我们什么时候开会?

高手过招

单项填空

It is in that poor village, Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.(原创)

A. where; when

B. that; that

C. that; when

D. where; that

解析:选D。句意为:就是在那个她生活和工作了15年的贫穷的村庄,玛丽将要建起她的第一座学校,这一点鼓舞了人们来帮她。第一空为where引导的非限制性定语从句,第二空填that,构成强调句型,强调地点状语。

Page No.39

15. I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ...

我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账……

as引导的从句为比较状语从句,意为“像大多数人那么做”。

as 用作连词,可引导下列状语从句:

①引导时间状语从句,强调主句谓语与从句谓语的同时性;

②引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然,即使”(从句需倒装);

③引导方式状语从句,表示“以……方式”;

④引导原因状语从句(=since; because),意为“由于,因为”;

⑤引导比较状语从句。

As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.

随着他年纪越来越大,他失去了对所有事物的兴趣,除了园艺。

Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt.

尽管天气冷,我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。

Page No.40

Why didn't you take the medicine as I told you to?

为什么你没有按我说的来服这种药?

As you were not there, I left a message.

因为当时你不在那,所以我给你留了便条。

She is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。

高手过招

单项填空

①as he is, he speaks English well. (2010·山西太原一中月考)

A. Little child

B. A little child

C. The little child

D. Child little

②In some countries, are called “public schools”are not owned by the public.(2010·11·江西新余一中质量检测)

A. which

B. as

C. what

D. that

Page No.41

①解析:选B。在让步状语从句中,作表语的名词如果提前,该名词常省去冠词,但若名词前有修饰语时,就不省略冠词。

②解析:选C。考查what引导的主语从句。what在主语从句中作主语。句意为:在许多国家,所谓的公立学校并非公众拥有。

16. ...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face ...

……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……

如果前面是“it (will be)is/this (will be)is/that (will be)is+the first/second time that ...”句式,表示“某人第几次做某事”。其中,that引导的是定语从句,后面句子的时态用现在完成时;如果前面是it (would be)was ..., 后面则用过去完成时。

It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.

这是我第一次来珠海。

It was the second time that she had visited London.

那是她第二次游览伦敦。

Page No.42

温馨提示

如果time前有last修饰,此时我们一般不用完成时态。

注意:the first time可起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句;for the first time意为“第一次”单独用作状语。

This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

这是我最后一次给你们上课了。

高手过招

(1)单项填空

①It's the third time late this week. (原创)

A. that you are

B. you are

C. when you arrived

D. that you have been

②It was for the first time that he to the party.

A. Invited

B. had been invited

C. has been invited

D. was invited

(2)翻译句子(原创)

This will be the second time that I have been to the Great Wall.

Page No.43

(1)①解析:选D。“It is the +序数词+time+ that从句”为固定句型,从句谓语动词必须用现在完成时。

②解析:选D。it was ...that是强调结构,句中强调状语“for the first time”故选D。

(2)这将会是我第二次去长城。

Page No.44

Unit 2 English around the world

核心单词

1. command

n. & vt. 命令;指令;掌握

The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.

那名军官命令士兵们开火。

A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.

将军是统率众多士兵的人。

常用结构:

at/ by sb’s command 听某人支配

take command of 控制

in command of 指挥着

Page No.45

under one’s command 由某人的指挥

under the command of sb. 在某人的指挥下

command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

command (=order) that ... 命令……(从句用虚拟语气,即should+ do 形式,should 可省略)

联想拓展

commander n. 指挥官

高手过招

用适当的介词填空(原创)

①For the first time in years, she felt she was command

of her life.

②The army is the king’s direct command.

③The police arrived and took command the situation.

①in ②under/at/by ③of

Page No.46

2. request

vt.&n. 请求;恳求;要求

常用结构:

request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事

request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物

request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事

make a request/requests 发出请求

at the request of sb.=at sb.’s request依照某人的请求

易混辨析

request/demand/require

request表示“有礼貌的请求;正式的请求”。

demand表示“有正当权利的要求”,因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。

require表示“要求所必须的东西;法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。

但它们也有不同之处:

Page No.47

①require和request都可以接宾语+to do sth.结构,而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demand of sb. to do sth.

②require+动名词时,主动形式的动名词具有被动意义,而demand,request无此种用法。They are demanding higher wages. 他们要求提高工资。

Do you require anything else? 你还要求(需要)别的吗?

Many people have requested this next song.

许多人要求听下面这首歌。

They required me to keep silent. 他们要求我保持沉默。

The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks.

这封信要求我们六周内搬出这所房子。

温馨提示

以上三个词的共同点是:从语法上看,request和demand,require都可以接that引导的宾语从句,并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。

Page No.48

高手过招

单项填空

①One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature.(2010·陕西师大附中月考)

A. be heated

B. is heated

C. would be heated

D. do heat

②—Why were you late for such an important concert?

—The plane arrived at the airport after a of three hours. (2010·陕西商洛一轮检测)

A. delay

B. rest

C. tour

D. request

①解析:选A。如同require, demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等动词要求其后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气一样,它们所对应的名词的同位语从句和表语从句也要求使用虚拟语气,即:should+动词原形。故选A。

②解析:选A。上句询问“迟到的原因”,因此下句中的名词应是与“迟到”意义有关的名词,所以只能选择“延误”。

Page No.49

3. recognize

vt. 辨认出;承认;公认

常用结构:

recognize sb. 认出某人

recognize one’s voice听出某人的声音

recognize ... as ... 认定;承认……为……

recognize sb./sth. ... to be ...认为某人/某事物是……

recognize that ...承认……

When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately.

当他从车站里走出来时,我立刻认出了他。

Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。Page No.50

高手过招

单项填空

—Oh, it’s you! I you.

—I have just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.

(2010·山东淄博六中检测)

A. hadn’t recognized

B. haven’t recognized

C. didn’t recognize

D. don’t recognize

解析:选C。前句的句意为:哦,是你呀!我刚才没有认出你来。

所以要用一般过去时。

4. direction

n. [C]方向;方面;[U]指导;指挥

常用结构:

in the direction of 朝……的方向(=towards)

in sb’s direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)

under one’s direction 在……指导下(=under the direction of sb.)

Page No.51

Tom went off in one direction and Jack in another.

汤姆往一个方向走,杰克往另外一个方向走。

Reforms are needed in many directions. 许多方面都需要改革。

He is walking in the direction of the police station.

他正朝警察局的方向走去。

He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.

他朝她这个方向一看,俩人的眼睛相遇了。

The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee.

合唱团由李先生指挥。

温馨提示

direction意为“指示;指引;用法说明”等,通常要用复数形式。

注意:表示邮件上的“姓名地址”时,也用复数形式。

Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.

请按药瓶上的说明服药。

Page No.52

高手过招

(1)单项填空

Those who learn theory must develop the direction of practice. (2010·山东枣庄一轮验收)

A. to

B. on

C. in

D. for

(2)完成句子(原创)

①I gave Mary full (地址)to enable her to find the post office.

②He did the work (在我的指导下).

(1)解析:选C。in the direction of为固定搭配,意为“朝……方向”。注意不要用介词to。(2)①directions ②under my direction

重点短语

5. more than one

意为“不止一个”,虽然在意义上表示复数,但作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词用单数,与many a(许多)用法一样;如果more修饰复数可数名词再跟than one作主语时,其谓语动词则要用复数。

Page No.53

More than one member has protested against the proposal.

不止一个成员反对这个建议。

More than one person has been concerned in this.

这里面涉及的不仅是一个人。

More persons than one have been involved.

涉及的不仅仅是一个人。

联想拓展

“more than+ adj.”意为“很;非常”。

在“more ... than ...”中,肯定“more”后面的,而否定“than”后面的,意为“是……而不是……”或者“与其……不如……”。

“more than ... can/could”是英语里的一个常见结构,可把more than理解为not,表示否定,该结构意为“非……所能……;是……所不能……;不是……所能……”。

more often than not 经常;往往

In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.

做科学实验时,对待仪器必须非常小心才行。

Page No.54

If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more than a little angry.

如果你把所做的事情告诉你父亲,他会非常生气的。

Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.

与其说凯瑟琳聪明,不如说她勤奋。

高手过招

完成句子(原创)

①当我的老朋友布莱恩怂恿我抽一支烟时,我可再也熬不住了。

When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was

.

②可能的解释不止一个。

There

is

.

①more than I could bear

②more than one possible explanation

Page No.55

6. because of

因为;由于是介词短语,后跟名词、代词或动名词及what从句。

She got hurt because of what you’d said.

她因为你的话而受到伤害。

due to 意为“由于”常作表语,也作后置定语和状语。

thanks to意为“多亏;由于”只作状语。

owing to意为“由于”常作状语。

as a result of意为“由于”作状语。

易混辨析

because/as/since/for

because表示直接原因,语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中,也只能用because。

as用于解释做某事的原因,语气较弱,通常位于主句前。

since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实,常意为“既然”。语气比because弱,但比as强。通常位于主句前,并常与as换用。

for并列连词,连接并列分句,表示一种补充说明,是推测或判断的理由,语气较弱,不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因,相当于because。

Page No.56

高手过招

单项填空

①People crowded on the road and could not go forward the traffic accident some cars had made.(2010·山西太原五中检测)

A. with

B. since

C. because of

D. because

②People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ,she is a great musician.(2010·陕西西安二中检测)

A. After all

B. As a result

C. In other words

D. As usual

①解析:选C。考查表示“原因”的几个词的用法。since与because都是连词,连接句子,with表示原因时,前面多是形容词。如His face was red with cold.他的脸冻得通红。because of 为介词短语,后跟名词或动名词短语,故选C。

②解析:选A。after all毕竟;as a result结果;in other words换句话说;as usual照例。根据题意选择A。

Page No.57

7. come up

走近;上来;提出

The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.

小男孩向陌生人走去,并告诉他去警察局的路。

We won’t forget the day when we watc hed the sun come up on top of the Tai Mountain.

我们不会忘记一同在泰山顶看日出的那天。

It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.

这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。

The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.

雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。

I am afraid something urgent has come up.

恐怕发生了什么急事。

Page No.58

联想拓展

come true 变成现实,成为现实

come across 邂逅

come about 发生

come at 向……扑来,攻击

come from 来自

come out 出版;开花;结果是

come up with 想出

come round 绕道而来;苏醒

come down 落下,塌下

come over (从远处)来到;横过

come into use 开始使用

how come ...?(表示理解)……怎么回事?

when it comes to sth.当涉及某事时

How come her French is so bad if she spent 5 years in pairs?

她在巴黎待了5年,但她的法语怎么这么糟糕。

When it comes to getting things done, he is useless.

一涉及到做事,他便不中用了。

Page No.59

高手过招

(1)单项填空

They aren’t afraid when they the difficulties in their study. (2010·河南镇平质量检测)

A. come up

B. come to

C. come about

D. come out

(2)用come构成的短语填空(原创)

①The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a

bear him.

②The magazine once a month.

③I wish you can to England on your holiday.

④The engineers have new ways of saving energy.

⑤They an old school friend in the street this morning.

Page No.60

(1)解析:选B。考查短语辨析。come to此处意为“涉及,提到”;come about意为“产生”,如:How did the difference between American English and British English come about? come up意为“到来,来到”;come out意为“出来,长出,发芽”。

(2)①came at ②comes out ③come over ④come up with

⑤came across

8. such as

例如……;像这样的

易混辨析

such as/for example/that is/and so on

such as用来列举事物。通常插在被举例的带有解释性质的事物与前面的需要进行解释的名词之间,意为“比如;诸如……之类的”,可与like 互换,as 后不能有逗号。

for example同for instance一样起到补充说明的作用,表明在众多的内容中仅取一两个例子,可放在举例之前或之后,意为“例如,举个例子”。

Page No.61

that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和,相当于namely。也用that is to say。

and so on 对几个事物进行列举时,在说了其中的几个以后,用and so on进行概括,说明还有例子,但不一一列出。

Boys like to play balls, such as football and basketball.

男孩子喜欢打球,比如足球和篮球。

Some students, Li Jun, for example, live in the country.

有些学生,如李军,住在农村。

I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.

我有三个好朋友,即约翰、杰克和汤姆。

There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.

我的书包里有书、笔、橡皮等。

Page No.62

高手过招

单项填空

A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China, . (2010·安徽合肥八中检测)

A. such as

B. for example

C. namely

D. and so on

解析:选B。四个词中只有for example 位置灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末。

9. play a part (in)

扮演一个角色;参与

She plays an active part in local politics.

她积极参与地方政治活动。

She played a major part in the success of the scheme.

她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。

Page No.63

联想拓展

take part (in sth.)参加, 参与(某事)

the best part of sth.(某事物的)绝大部分(尤指一段时间)

for the most part整体上; 通常; 多半

for my part就我来说

高手过招

翻译句子(原创)

①有多少国家要参加(世界杯赛)?

②对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。

①How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)?

②For my part, I don’t mind where we eat.

Page No.64

重点句型

10. Which country do you think has the most English learners?

你觉得学英语最多的是哪个国家?

do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后,其他内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。

What time do you expect we will come and pick you up?

你希望我们几点来接你?

What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news?

你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢?

Why do you think their team could win the football match?

你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢?

Page No.65

高手过招

单项填空

─is the best football player in your city?

─Jerry. (2010·江苏盐城质量检测)

A. Do you think who

B. Do you think whom

C. Who do you think

D. Whom do you think

解析:选C。句中主要部分为who is the best football player in your city。插入语为do you think。

11. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.

信不信由你,(世界上)没有什么标准英语。

(1)believe it or not在句中用作插入语,意为“信不信由你;我说的是真的”。

Page No.66

联想拓展

常用作插入语的还有:

generally speaking一般来说

frankly speaking坦白地说

judging from ...从……来判断

to tell you the truth说真的;老实说

to be honest说实在的

to make matters worse更糟糕的是

高手过招

单项填空

①, boys are stronger than girls.

(2010·江苏徐州质量检测)

A. To speak generally

B. Generally to speak

C. Generally speaking

D. Generally spoken

②the hat he , the man is a soldier.

(2010·浙江温州一模)

A. Judging from; is wearing C. To judge by; putting

B. Judging by; is having on D. Judged by; is putting

Page No.67

(1)①解析:选C。插入语generally speaking意为“一般来说”是固定搭配,指常规。

②解析:选A。judging from为固定搭配,在这里judging不与the man形成逻辑上的主动或被动关系。wear, have on, dress都有“穿,戴”的意思,但搭配和意义不同。wear和have on 都可以表示“穿着”的状态,然而have on没有进行时态;dress可以作及物和不及物动词,作不及物动词的意思是“穿衣”,作及物动词时宾语是人。

(2)such上述一类的;诸如此类的

联想拓展

no such...as没有这样的……

such as例如

such...as...像……这样的……

such...that...这样……以至于……

易混辨析

such ... that ... /such ... as ...

在such ... that ...结构中,that是从属连词,引导结果状语从句,在从句中不作成分。

Page No.68

在such ... as ...结构中,as是关系代词,引导定语从句,在从句中常作宾语。

高中英语语法总结

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