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我的)单片机课程设计实验报告.docx__(
我的)单片机课程设计实验报告.docx__(

单片机课程设计实验报告

课程名称:心形流水灯学院:电子与物理通信学院专业:生物医学工程

姓名:王博秦显富万立强指导老师:郑娟娟

目录

一、总体设计 (2)

二、硬件设计 (4)

三、设计步骤 (7)

四、软件设计 (11)

五、软件调试 (16)

六、心得体会 (17)

七、参考文献 (18)

总体设计思路

1设计思路

本课题使用AT89C51单片机时无须外扩存储器。因此,本流水灯实际上就是一个带有八个发光二极管的单片机最

小应用系统,即为由发光二极管、晶振、复位、电源等电路和必要的软件组成的单个单片机。

如果要让接在P1.0口的LED1亮起来,那么只要把P1.0口的电平变为低电平就可以了;相反,如果要接在P1.0口

的LED1熄灭,就要把P1.0口的电平变为高电平;同理,接在P1.1~P1.7口的其他7个LED的点亮和熄灭的方法同LED1。因此,要实现流水灯功能,我们只要将发光二极管LED1~LED8依次点亮、熄灭,8只LED灯便会一亮一暗的做流水灯了。同样的道理,可以让8个灯左移点亮,全亮、全灭。

在此我们还应注意一点,由于人眼的视觉暂留效应以及单片机执行每条指令的时间很短,我们在控制二极管亮灭的时候应该延时一段时间,否则我们就看不到“流水”效果了。

2.原件清单

二、硬件设计

1AT89C51

1.芯片(AT89C51)

1)主要特性:

与MCS-51兼容

4K字节可编程闪烁存储器

寿命:1000写/擦循环

数据保留时间:10年

全静态工作:0Hz—24Hz

三级程序存储器锁定

128*8位内部RAM

32可编程I/O线

5个中断源

可编程串行通道

低功耗的闲置和掉电模式

片内震荡器和时钟电路

2)管脚说明:

①电源引脚

Vcc(40脚):典型值+5V。

Vss(20脚):接低电平。

②外部晶振

XTAL1、XTAL2分别与晶振两端相连接。

③输入输出口引脚:

P0口:I/O双向口。作输入口时,应先软件置“ 1”。

P1口:I/O双向口。作输入口时,应先软件置“ 1”。

P2口:I/O双向口。作输入口时,应先软件置“ 1”。

P3口:I/O双向口。作输入口时,应先软件置“ 1”。

④控制引脚:

RST、ALE/-PROG、-PSEN、-EA/Vpp 组成了MSC-51的控制总线。

RST(9脚):复位信号输入端(高电平有效)。

ALE/-PROG(30脚):地址锁存信号输出端。

第二功能:编程脉冲输入。

-PSEN(29脚):外部程序存储器读选通信号。

-EA/Vpp(31脚):外部程序存储器使能端。

第二功能:编程电压输入端(+21V)。3)AT89C51单片机的P口特点:

P0口:是一个8位漏极开路输出型双向I/O 端口。作为输出端口时,每位能以吸收电流的方

式驱动8 个TTL输入,对端口写1时,又可作高阻抗输入端用。在访问外部程序或数据存储器时,它是时分多路转换的地址(低8位)/数据总线,在访问期间将激活内部的上拉电阻。

P1口:P1口是一个带有内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O端口。P1口的输出缓冲器可驱动(吸

收或输出电流方式)4个TTL输入。对端口写1

时,通过内部的上拉电阻把端口拉到高电位,这

时可作输入口。P2口作输入口使用时,因为内部

有上拉电阻,那些被外部信号拉低的引脚会输出

一个电流(Iil)。

P2口:P2口是一个带有内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O端口。P2口的输出缓冲器可驱动(吸

收或输出电流方式)4个TTL输入。对端口写1

时,通过内部的上拉电阻把端口拉到高电位,这

时可作输入口。P2口作输入口使用时,因为内部

有上拉电阻,那些被外部信号拉低的引脚会输出

一个电流(Iil)。在访问外部程序存储器时和

16位外部地址的外部数据存储器(如执行MOVX @DPTR)时,P2口送出高8位地址。在访问8位地址的外部数据存储器(如执行MOVX @RI)时,P2口引脚上的内容(就是专用寄存器(SFR)区中的P2寄存器的内容),在整个访问期间不会改变。

P3口:P3口是一个带有内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O端口。P3口的输出缓冲器可驱动(吸收或输出电流方式)4个TTL输入。对端口写1时,通过内部的上拉电阻把端口拉到高电位,这时可作输入口。P3口作输入口使用时,因为内部有上拉电阻,那些被外部信号拉低的引脚会输出一个电流(Iil)。

2、系统框图

3、程序框图

三、设计步骤

1硬件设计

硬件系统是指构成微机系统的实体和装置,通常由运算

器、控制器、存储器、输入接口电路和输入设备、输出接口

电路和输出设备等组成。单片机实质上是一个硬件的芯片,

在实际应用中,通常很难直接和被控对象进行电气连接,必

须外加各种扩展接口电路、外部设备、被控对象等硬件和软

件,才能构成一个单片机应用系统。本设计选用以AT89S51

单片机为主控单元。显示部分:8个LED灯循环亮灭。

2单片机时钟电路

时钟电路用于产生单片机工作所需要的时钟信号,单片机本身就是一个复杂的同步时序电路,为了保证同步工作方式的实现,电路应在唯一的时钟信号控制下严格地按时序进行工作。

在MCS-51芯片内部有一个高增益反相放大器,其输入端为芯片引脚X1,输出端为引脚X2,在芯片的外部跨接晶体振荡器和微调电容,形成反馈电路,就构成了一个稳定的自激振荡器。此电路采用12MHz的石英晶体。时钟电路如下图:

图2

3复位电路

电阻的作用是用于上电复位的,VCC以上电,由于电容两端电压不能突变,所以RST上为高电平,然后电容放电,RST就为低电平了,还可以用手动复位,此电路应用自动复位。

图3

4控制电路

控制电路用于控制工作电路的工作情况,根据要求来控制电路,本电路的控制电路用来控制流水灯的工作情况,当按下1、2、3、4各个开关时,电路具有左移、右移、全亮、全没的功能,具体的控制电路如下:

图4

5.数码管显示电路

数码管用于显示当前流水灯工作于哪个状态,属于共阴型数码管,

1 到5对应的码分别为00101000B,11001101b ,01101101b,00101011b,01100111B

6工作电路

1)工作电路就是根据总的电路的指令,来反应工作情况。本电路的流水灯电路具体的如下:

图5

2)根据各个模块的功能及他们的信号传输,连接电路如下:

图6

四、软件设计

1设计要求

本系统的功能就时实现流水灯的循环点亮,主要有五个功能,第一,按下第一个按钮,16个彩灯闪烁,按下第二个,彩灯间隔闪烁,按下第三个,四个灯循环右移,按下第四个,六个彩灯循环左移,按下第五个键,两个灯循环右移。彩灯用16个发光二极管代替。电路具有的控制彩灯点亮右移、左移、全亮及全灭的功能用按键切换彩灯状态,彩灯两点移动时间间隔为150毫秒。

2.程序流程图

2.程序设计

ORG 0000H

LJMP MAIN

ORG 0030H

MAIN: MOV R0,#20

JNB P0.0,LOOP1 ;判断是否有键按下

JNB P0.1,LOOP2

JNB P0.2,LOOP3

JNB P0.3,LOOP4

JNB P0.4,LOOP5

AJMP MAIN ;若没键按下返回重新判断

LOOP1:CLR A

MOV R0,#20

S0:

MOV B,#028H;数码管显示1

MOV P2,B

LCALL DELAY ;调用延时

MOV P1,A

MOV P3 ,A ;闪烁

LCALL DELAY ;调用延时

CPL A ;取反

MOV R4,P0

CJNE R4,#0FFH,main ;判断是否有键按下,若有返回主程序

DJNZ R0,S0

MOV R0,#20 ;循环20次

LOOP2: MOV A,#10101010B

S1:

MOV B,#11001101b ;数码管显示2 MOV P2,B

LCALL DELAY;间隔闪烁

MOV P1,A

MOV P3,A

LCALL DELAY

CPL A

MOV R4,P0

CJNE R4,#0FFH,main

DJNZ R0,S1

MOV R0,#20

LOOP3: MOV A,#00111111b

S2:

MOV B,#01101101b;数码管显示3 MOV P2,B

LCALL DELAY;两个灯循环右移

MOV P1,A

MOV P3,A

RR A

LCALL DELAY

MOV R4,P0

CJNE R4,#0FFH,main DJNZ R0,S2

MOV R0,#20

LOOP4:MOV A,#11000111B

S3: MOV B,#00101011b ;数码管显示4 MOV P2,B

LCALL DELAY;三个灯循环左移

MOV P1,A

MOV P3,A

RL A

LCALL DELAY

MOV R4,P0

CJNE R4,#0FFH,main1

DJNZ R0,S3

MOV R0,#20

LOOP5: MOV A,#11111110B

S4: MOV B,#01100111b ;数码管显示5 MOV P2,B

LCALL DELAY ;一个灯循环左移

MOV P1,A

MOV P3,A

RL A

LCALL DELAY

MOV R4,P0

CJNE R4,#0FFH,main1 DJNZ R0,S4

LJMP LOOP1

DELAY: MOV R1,#150;延时150毫秒 DELAY1:MOV R3,#0FAH

LOOP8:MOV R7,#70H

DJNZ R3,LOOP8

DJNZ R1,DELAY1

RET

MAIN1:LJMP MAIN

RET

MAIN2:LJMP MAIN

RET

END ;程序结束

五、软件调试

软件调试一般分为以下四个阶段:

1、编写程序并查错,修正后显示“0错误,3警告”,如下图所示;

2、在汇编语言的编译系统中编译源程序

3、对程序进行编译连接,并及时发现程序中存在的错误;

4、改正错误。

在软件调试过程中,对出现的错误进行了认真的分析和修改,多次调试成功后,能够很好的达到既定的设计效果。

此系统可以改进为可以通过对开关的调节来控制流水灯电路具有控制彩灯点亮右移、左移、全亮及闪烁等功。

六,心得体会

经过一段时间的努力,我们顺利的完成了这次单片机课程设计,本次课程设计由秦显富同学负责编写程序,软件部分,万立强同学负责硬件部分,焊电路板,王博同学负责总结写报告。这其中经历了很多的困难,但我们最终都一一克服了。最重要的是,我们通过这次课程设计得到了很大的锻炼,使学到的只是得到了充分的应用。本次课

程设计加强了我们团队合作精神,使我们受益匪浅,更加明确了自己奋斗的方向。

最后要感谢实验室的指导老师,没有你们的帮助,也没有我们的成果,谢谢老师。

七,参考文献

[1]杨乐平李海涛编labVIEW程序设计与应用,电子工业出版社.2005,1

[2]阎石编著.数字电子技术基础.高等教育出版社.2003.

[3] 雷振山等,LabVIEW 8.2基础教程.中国铁道出版社.2008

[4]贾伯年、俞朴编著.传感器技术.东南大学出版社.2005

[5]程佩青.数字信号处理.北京:高等教育出版社.1997

[6]华成英编著.模拟电子技术基础.高等教育出版社.2001

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