07年
416语言学概论"试题(完整版)
一.术语解释(20分)
1.语言
2.组合关系
3.音位
4.合成词干
5.语义场
6.根词语
7.随位音变
8.区别性特征
9.异根
10.义素
二.选择(20分)
1.按语法手段进行分类,汉语和英语__. a.都属于分析语b.都属于综合语c.汉语属于分析语,英语属于综合语d.汉语属于综合语,英语属于分析语
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2.__不是超音段音位. a.重音b.停顿c.音渡d.同化
3.汉语拼音中字母b所表示的音是一个__. a.送气音b.擦音c.清辅音d.浊辅音
4."玻璃球"一词有__语素. a.一个b.两个c.三个
5.语言中能独立运用的音义结合的最小语言单位是__. a.音素b.语素c.词d.句子
6."老板"一词中"老"是__. a.词b.词根c.构词词缀d.构形词缀
7.按照传统文字学,汉字属于__. a.语段文字b.表意文字c.表音文字d.音节文字
8.美国描写语言学的代表人物是__. a.乔姆斯基b.索绪尔c.布龙菲尔德d.韩礼德
9."啤酒"/pijiu/一词的发音中,/p/已经__. a.同化b.腭化c.鼻化d.变调
10."葡萄酒杯"一词有__语素. a.一个b.两个c.三个d.四个
11.在一个词中,__. a.只有一个词根b.至少有一个词根c.不一定有词根d.一定没有词根
12.英语词desks和tables中复数语素"-s"的发音不同但书写上都用s表示,它遵循的拼写法原则是__.
a.语音原则
b.形态音位原则
c.历史传统原则
d.辨义原则
13.下列词语中不是词汇单位的是__. a.风调雨顺b.吃一堑,长一智c.对不起d.黑墨水
14.语音的本质属性是__. a.物理属性b.生理属性c.社会属性d.区别性特征
15.__是历史比较语言学的奠基人之一. a.弗斯b.拉斯克c.叶尔姆斯列夫d.索绪尔
16.在句子"书买来了"中,"书"在语义上是__. a.定指的b.不定指的c.通指的d.泛指的
17."江""河"两词在古汉语中分别指"长江""黄河",在现代汉语中它们都由专名变为通名了,这种变化叫做__. a.语义扩大b.语义缩小c.语义转移d.派生新义
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英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
复旦大学 英语语言文学考研经验
从决定考研开始就一直查各种资料和各种考验心得，经常在high研看师哥师姐们的热血经历，也得到了很多师哥师姐们的帮助，在这里先谢谢大家了。 我准备考研比较早，元旦左右就开始了，因为大三课比较多，所以前期复习时间较短，速度有点慢，因此，如果大家已经有目标，建议越早开始越好The early bird catches the worm! 政治： 暑假开始复习政治，一直到最后都是跟着肖秀荣老师的书在走，1000题很重要，可以抓很多细节性的知识，建议不要在书上直接写，方便后期反复利用。暑假期间可以先看去年大纲，大概有个印象，最后冲刺时四八套题一定要好好背，今年肖老师大题基本都中了。政治最好每天都分配一定的时间，这一科记得快忘的也快。 考研政治每门课都是一个庞大的体系，有着大量的内容。因此需要建构每门课的大体系框架，通过一个框架把整门课连接起来，背李凡政治新时器就够了。以中国近现代史纲要为例，以时间顺序可以把中国近现代史纲要分为两部分，即以1949年10月为分界限的中国近代史和中国现代史。 中国近代史又可分为两部分，即以“五四运动”为界限的旧民主主义运动和新民主主义运动两部分。在这两个阶段有一条非常明显的主线：列强对中国的侵略和中华民族各个阶层为了中国的独立所做出的努力。 根据这条主线旧民主主义运动又可以分为几个部分，即地主阶级、资产阶级维新派、资产阶级革命派、农民阶级做出的尝试，分别是“洋务运动”“戊戌变法”“辛亥革命”“太平天国运动”和“义和团运动”。“五四运动”后的新民主主义运动也可根据主线分为几个阶段，即第一次国内革命战争时期，国共十年对峙时期，抗日战争时期，解放战争时期。 中国现代史就是新中国的建设史，可以根据这条主线分为几个阶段，即1949~1956年的过渡时期，1956~1966年的社会主义建设时期，1966~1976年的“十年文革”时期，1976以后的社会主义建设新时期。 二外法语： 本科学校教材是新大学法语，我复习用过的资料有：考研必备，二外法语考研综合（肖红），和圣才出版的名校历年二外真题，不过这些书提供的答案有些
英语专业考研语言学复习题附答案 Chapter I Introduction I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False: 1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. 3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks. 4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. 5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. 6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study. 7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. 9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to form words is called morphology. 10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences. 11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics. 12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings. 13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studies meaning not in isolation, but in context. 14. Social changes can often bring about language changes. 15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society. 16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. 17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. 18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. 19 Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language. 20. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure. II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 21. Ch omsky defines “ competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language. https://www.doczj.com/doc/e018539654.html,ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 23.D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless
I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang
语言学的资料很少，看完书后想找些习题或往年试题做做，可以起到练兵，巩固所看书本知识的作用。我收集了一些高校语言学的往年试题供大家参考，讨论，交流一下做题的感受，也希望大家可以把自己所考学校的往年试题发表在上面，给大家一起讨论。 1 One of the main features of our human language is arbitrariness .Can you briefly explain what is this feature refers to ? Give examples if necessary(10 points). < 北师大2003年试题） 2 In english we can describe a story as "a successful story" or "a success story ".Do you think they mean the same ? Please explain and give your reasons(10 points) ,< 同上》 3 Expain the following terms ,giving examples where necessary.(50 points) <中山2003》 design feature macrolinguistics vowel minimal pair folk etymology aspect anopho r error analysisr metaphor 4 Language can change through blending ,metanalysis ,back-formation, analogical creation and borrowing.Give two english words for each of them ( 5 points) 清华 2000年试题 5 Answer the following question briefly.clearly,grammatically and correctly.(10 Points ) 湖南师大2003年 What is it wrong to assume that the meaning of a sentence is the sum of the meaning of the words which compose it ? 7 Define the following terms.(10 points) 中国海洋大学1999 Phoneme ,consonant,morpheme,lexicon,syntax,endocentric construction,semantics,hyponymy ,language ,design feature 8 Define the following terms .(20 points) 苏州大学1997 allophone morpheme assimilation internal authority interlanguage phatic communion closed-class word government semantica triangic lingua franca
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编28 一、填空题 1 The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as______. (中山大学2008研) 2 ______is formed when the leaner attempts to learn a new language, and it has features of both the first language and the second language but is neither. (中山大学2006研) 3 Hymes' theory leads to notion/function-based syllables, and a step further, ______syllabuses. (中山大学2005研) 4 Error is the grammatically incorrect form; ______ appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context. (中山大学2008研) 5 As a compromise between the "purely form-focused approaches" and the "purely meaning-focused" approaches, a recent movement called______seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning. (中山大学2011年研) 二、单项选择题 6 In Krashen's monitor theory, "i" in "i + 1" hypothesis of second language acquisition refers to ______. (对外经贸2006研) （A）interaction （B）interference （C）input （D）intake 7 The______is a syllabus in which the language content is arranged in terms of speech acts together with the language items needed for them. (西安外国语学院2006研) （A）structural syllabus
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编20 一、填空题 1 As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones______. (中山大学2008研) 2 In traditional grammar, ______is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学2006研) 3 In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into______words and ______words. (南开大学2007研) 4 The______is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外2008研) 5 There are two fields of morphology: the study of______and the study of______. (人大2006研) 6 A______morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. (北二外2003研) 7 ______ is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学2007研) 8 ______is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from______and______. (人大2006研) 9 Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an______affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学2006研) 10 ______is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编10 一、简答题 1 In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?（厦门大学2006研) 2 Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects.（大连外国语学院2008研) 3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Immediate Constituent Analysis(IC Analysis)(北京交通大学2006研) 4 Illustrate "Immediate Constituent Analysis".（大连外国语学院2008研) 4 For each of the following pairs of sentences, discuss how the two sentences are different from each other.（南京大学2006研) 5 A.His carelessness I can't bear.B. I can't bear his carelessness. 6 A.A dagger killed the tourist.B. The tourist was killed with a dagger. 7 A.A hurricane killed eight people.B. Eight people died in a hurricane. 8 Describe with tree diagrams the transformations involved in forming the question "Does John like the book?"（南开大学2007研) 9 What, in your view, makes a text a text, rather than a series of unconnected utterances? What are the implications of your answer for second language teaching?(北外2006研) 9 The English sentences given below are ungrammatical. You are required to give the syntactic explanation to the ungrammaticality in each of the sentences.（南开大学2011研) 10 * Jack put his ball. 11 * I wonder Michael walked the dog.
1.3考研真题与典型题详解 I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality 2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability. B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness: 5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. articulatory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. auditory phonetics 6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions? A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation. C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.