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现在完成时&现在完成进行时✧现在完成时是一个和“现在”有紧密关联的时态。
它有两个时态概念：①表示动作已经结束，但对现在造成影响。
①表示动作持续到现在。
The classroom has been cleaned. Now it is so clean.I have done my homework and now I am watching TV.I have worked in this school for ten years.✧出现以下时间状语时用一般现在完成时：already, just, so far, up to now, ever, before, in (over) the past/last...years, since...I haven’t heard from him so far/up to now.This is the tallest building that I have ever seen.I have never seen him before.My hometown has changed a lot in the past ten years.It has been five years since I move here.✧现在完成进行时表示动作持续到现在，很可能继续下去。
在特定语境中，现在完成时带有强烈的情感色彩。
The Chinese people have been making paper for thousands of years.The room is so messy. What have you been doing?（带责备语气）✧某些既含“动作过程”又含“结果”含义的词（如：write, build, eat, make, do, tell, drop）,现在完成时表示“结果”，现在完成进行时表示“动作过程”。
My sister _________(write) an letter and she hasn’t finished it yet.My sister _________(write) an letter and she is now watching TV.答案：has been writing ; has written某些表示延续性动作的词，（如：work, live, stay, remain），现在完成时和现在完成进行时均表示“动作过程”，通常没有太大区别。
高三英语语法-倒装复习英语句子的正常语序是：S（主语）+V（谓语）。
有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，需采取倒装形式。
倒装可分为两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。
将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称作完全倒装；只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称作部分倒装。
第一节完全倒装+ V + S以下几种情况需采取完全倒装：1．以here, there, now, then等开头的句子。
There stands a table in the middle of the room. 房子中间放着一张书桌。
谓语主语There came a cry for help from a river nearby. 从附近小河那边传来呼救声。
谓语主语Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我们期盼的那个时刻终于来到了。
注1：上述句子动词的时态通常用一般现在时或过去时，不能用进行时。
注2：当主语为人称代词时，不用倒装，用正常语序。
There he comes. 他来了。
Here it is. 这是给你的。
2．表示方位的副词in, out , away, off, down, up等开头的句子。
把上述表示方位的副词位于句首，常使用倒装，目的是为了生动形象地描写这些动作。
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭上了天。
Down jumped the thief from the house. 小偷从房子上跳下来。
注：在这种结构中，若主语为代词时，则不倒装。
Back they came. 他们回来了。
3．作地点状语的介词短语在句首。
若一个句子的主语较长，为了避免头重脚轻，则采取完全倒装，将作状语的介词短语置于句首。
Behind him hung his photo, taken on the Great Wall.状语谓语主语定语（To the）north of the village stands a high mountain, covered with snow all the year round.4．在“Doing / Done（分词）+ 状语+ be + 主语”的结构中。
高三英语语法专项复习句子结构及成分考点1.实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。
实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。
如：He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词)I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词）助动词助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句和帮助强调的词。
这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。
⑴帮助构成时态的：The boy is crying.(is 用来构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词)I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting 一起作谓语，是助动词。
）⑵帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。
)He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。
)⑶帮助构成被动语态的Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词)The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词)⑷帮助构成虚拟语气If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词，属于谓语的一部分。
)⑸帮助构成倒装句的So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她买了许多礼物。
第二讲：名词一、名词的命题规律名词是英语高考必考点之一。
高考中主要考查点有：动词、形容词等转换成名词的构词法、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词的单复数、名词的词义辨析等。
语法填空题对名词的考查，常常以给提示词的形式出现，考查下列几方面的内容：动词形容词等转换成名词、名词单数变复数以及名词所有格等。
完形填空中主要考查的是短语中或名词的词义辨析。
阅读理解中主要考查名词的词义和名词的句法功能在语篇中的翻译。
书面表达中名词的运用与考查则更加灵活，以名词的句法功能为主。
二、名词的考点1. 名词的数1) 名词的单复数规则变化2) 名词的单复数不规则变化易错点：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如：two Englishmen。
但German和human不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans和humans。
3) 复合名词变复数✧复合名词变复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。
bedroom→bedrooms卧室looker-on→lookers-on旁观者passer-by→passers-by过路人editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law儿媳妇✧如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。
go-between→go-betweens中间人look-out→look-outs守望者grown-up→grown-ups成年人✧易错点：man/woman+名词变复数时，作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式，如a man doctor→two men doctors4) 集体名词，以单数形式出现，表达复数含义✧如：people; police; cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，apolice，a cattle，但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.✧the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, theSwiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
倒装(INVERSION)一、语法倒装1.虚拟条件句中的倒装如果虚拟条件句中的谓语部分含有were, had或should，可以把它们放在句首，省去连词if，变成倒装句。
例如：Should he act like that again, he would be punished.要是他再这样干，他就要受到惩罚。
Were it not for your help, I wouldn't have got what I have today.要是没有你的帮助，我就不会有今天。
Had I known it earlier, I wouldn't have lent him the money.要是早知道这件事，我就不会把钱借给他了。
2.当句首为here，there,now，then等副词，谓语动词为be，go，come等时，句子的主谓要求倒装Here is the book you want.你要的书在这儿。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
There come the rest of the party.剩下的人都来了。
Here's the reply to your question.这是我对你的问题的答复。
Then came the day of his departure.他起程的日子到了。
Then came the time to part.然后就到了分手的时候了。
Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。
Then came the order to take off.起飞的命令到了。
Then came the day of hisexamination.他参加考试的日子到了。
Then opens an epoch of social and economic reform.这时开始了社会和经济改革的时代。
There came a wind, light, warm, flowing over the boundless sea. 一阵暖风从那辽阔的海面上轻轻吹过。
领兑市安插阳光实验学校一中高三英语语法专题复习：forbid的用法一、基本词义vt.（forbade/forbad,forbidden）禁止，不准Women are_for bidden_from going out without a veil.妇女不带面纱禁止外出。
I will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done.如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉，我不允许你离开。
二、习惯用语1.forbid sth禁止某事Parliament passed an Act forbidding the killing of rare animals.国会通过了一项法令，禁止捕杀珍稀动物。
2. forbid sb.sth.禁止或不准某人使用某物或进入某处。
如：His wife forbids him wine. 他老婆不准他喝酒。
We forbid him the house. 我们不准他进屋。
3. forbid doing sth.禁止或不准做某事。
如：We forbid smoking in the office. 本办公室内不准吸烟。
I forbid him going there again. 我不准他再去那儿。
注：forbid 一般不直接跟不式作宾语。
4. forbid sb.to do sth.禁止或不准某人做某事。
如：I forbid him to go there again. 我不准他再去那儿。
The teacher forbids the students to read such books. 老师不准学生看那样的书。
【友情提示】通常不说 forbid sb from doing sth, 尽管英语已有此用法，但很多词书反对这一用法，中学生慎用。
另外，forbid后面不能直接跟动词不式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，但可以用forbid sb.to do sth. 形式，有类似用法的单词还有 allow, permit, advise 。
七、动词(dòngcí)与短语动词〔一〕知识重点归纳并记忆常见动词短语搭配和意义。
〔二〕知识呈现短语动词通常以动词为中心，通常由动词加副词或者介词构成。
英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来断定其释义，很多时候应根据详细语境判断它们的意义。
有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的那么相当于不及物动词。
1.短语动词的构成〔1〕动词+副词clear away去除掉put away收起die away消失call back回look back回忆walk back走回break down坏了calm down平静下来get down 咽下come up上来blow up爆炸turn up出现show off夸耀 give off散发take off脱下break out发生blow out吹灭run out 用完〔2〕动词+介词bring about引起 look about 环顾四周 seek for寻找burst into 闯入 turn into使变成 look into调查see to 处理 devote to奉献给 deal with处理glance at匆匆(cōngcōng)一瞥 work at干……aim at向…瞄准differ from与…不同 result from由于 insist on坚持rely on依靠 bring in引进 hope for希望得到combine with结合 lead to导致，通向 set about 着手(3) 动词+副词+介词add up to总计 keep away from不靠近look down on轻视keep up with赶上 make up for弥补 get on with 相处get close to接近 get out of逃避,防止 do away with废除do well in在…干得好 put up with忍受catch up with赶上look up to 仰望,尊敬 run out of用完 look forward togo on with 继续 get down to认真开场break away from2.短语动词使用时须注意的几点(1)在短语动词中,副词可以放在动词宾语前或者后。
特殊句式I There beA 定义表达“某处/某时存在某人/某物”。
B 结构一般结构：There + be + 名词+ 地点将来结构：There will be + 名词+ 地点完成结构：There has been + 名词+ 地点含情态动词结构：There + 情态动词+ be + 名词+地点C 用法a. 就近原则例：There is some juice and some cakes on the table.b. 衍生结构①There be + 名词+ doing（与名词形成主动关系）例：There must be something blocking the pipe.②There be + 名词+ done（与名词形成被动关系）例：T here’s only four days left.③There be + 名词+ to do（未发生，表将要做…）例：There is still a lot of work for me to do.拓展：there be句型中，其结构中谓语动词和非谓语结构的变化·there be中的be有时可用seem to be，happen to be，is likely to be或go，remain，stand，lie，exist，follow，live，come，occur等替换例：There existed different opinions on this problem.·there be结构的非谓语形式：there to be 和there being。
there to be结构可用作动词的宾语，也可用作介词for的宾语；there being可用作除for外的介词宾语或状语例：I expect there to be no argument about this.（作宾语）I have never dreamed of there being a chance to go abroad.（作宾语）There being no enough time left, we have to hurry.（独立主格结构作状语）注：·跟动名词的动词后用there being，常见的有：deny，mind，admit，imagine等·跟不定式的动词后用there to be，常见的动词有：expect，want，hope，wish，like，hate，would like，prefer，mean，intend等c. 固定句型①There is no point/sense (in) doing sth “做某事没意义”例：There is no point/sense arguing further.②There is no doubt that…“毫无疑问…”例：There is no doubt that the new technology is changing the way we work.③There is no need to do sth “没必要做某事“例；There is no need to get up early tomorrow.④There is no possibility/ chance that…“……是不可能的”例：There is no chance that he will change his mind.⑤There is no denying (the fact) that…“不可否认……”例：There is no denying (the fact) that our life has gone from bad to worse.⑥There is no difficulty/ trouble in doing sth“作某事没困难”例：There is no trouble in solving the problem.d. 区分：there be 和have①there be与have都可表示“有”，但在意义上，have表示所有关系，即“拥有”，there be则表示“客观存在”。
1 高三英语语法复习--用法练习 1. She married him, ________ was unexpected. A. as B. which C. it D. that 2. _______ I admire David as a poet, I don’t like him as a man. A. Only if B. If only C. As much D. Much as 3. _______ ,he talks a lot about his favourite singers after class. A.A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Quiet as he may be a student D. As he may be a quiet student 4.I wonder why you don’t do it as _______ and it’s the third time you have done so. A. told you B. be told C. told to D. you told 5.( 1) ______I explain on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. (2)_______ I explain on the phone is that your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. What B. When C. After D. As 6.(1)That is _______ problem_______ can’t be worked out by any of us . (2)That is _______ problem _______none of us can work it out. A. a such difficult , that B. so difficult a ,that C. such a difficult, as D. a so difficult ,as 7.We could not obtain any exact information _______ where the village was located. A. as B. as to C. which D. was 8.____ time went on, Einstein’s theory_______ right. A. With, proved B As, be proved C. With, be proved D. As, proved 9.He will surely finish the job on time _______ he’s left to do it in his own way. A. as if B. even if C. so long as D. so that 10.Scientists generally agree that the earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ______it has warmed in the 20,000 years since Ice Age. A. as long as B. as much as C. so long as D. as well as 11.Do come to my party, and bring your sister_______. A. as good B. as a whole C. as well D. instead 12.It’s useless trying to argue with that man. You might_______ go and stand upon the beach and argue with the sea. A .as well B also C. as if D. as well as 13. ---Why do you drink so much coffee? ---Well, ______ it doesn’t keep me awake at night, I see no harm in it. A. as long as B. although C. as far as D. for 14.All the gifts must be mailed immediately_______ in time for Christmas. A in order to have received B. in order to received C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 15 (1) Look! The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it ________________________ (rain). (2) If you put a chopstick into water , it looks as if it ________________________(break) 16. Try to read ________ as you can and you’ll make good progress. A. books as many B. books as much C. as many books D. as much book 17. Several years passed ______ Dick returned to his hometown. A. as B. before C. while D. as soon as 18. ________ you are your own master, you can not do whatever you like. A. Because B. As C. For D. Though 19. I don’t like him any less ____________ he has made the mistake. A. as B. because C. in spite of D. though 20. Don’t leave the house ______ you feel it necessary to do so. A. as B. as though C. unless D. so that 21. Weak _______ she is, she doesn’t want to stop working. A. but B. as C. for D. although 22. Man must have food just _______ plants must have sunlight. A. for B. like C. because D. as 23. Children under sixteen are not permitted to see such films ________ bad for their mental development. A. as B. that are C. that they are D. as are 24. After the technique was introduced, the Benz Car Factory produced ________ cars in 2003 as the year before. A. as many three times B. as three times many C. three times as many D. three times as many as 25. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50% of patients do not take drugs ________ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 26. ______ is important to us all is ________ we must know what we are fit for. A. As…what B. It…what C. What…that D. It…that 27. ---The cake is delicious! ---Well, at least it’s _______________ the one I baked last night. A. no worse than B, as worse as C. no better than D. as better than 2
28. ________ Owen loves watching Saturday afternoon basketball matches, I much prefer table tennis. A. As B. If C. Since D. While 29. The oil must have been used up, ______ the light went out. A. as B. for C. because D. since
30. My husband doesn’t like watching programmes _________ couples argue over trivial ['trɪvɪəl] matters. A. as B. why C. which D. where 31. Albert plays football ________________, if not better than, Frank. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 32. _________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in their international division is increasing rapidly these three years. A. As B. Which C. What D. That 33. We hope all the precaution(预防) against air pollution, ______ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here. A. since B. while C. after D. as 34. _______ Julian tried to do a good job in the exams, she did worse than her brother Martin. A. Much as B. A lot of C. So much D. So a lot 35. _________, Alan could not finish the job without his friends’ help. A. Try as he would B. Try would he as C. As he would try D. He would try as 36. ______ has made Japan _______ today? A. What is it that… as it is B. What is it that… what it is C. What it is which… what is it D. What is it as… as is it 37. The lecturer paused _______ expecting his audience to ask questions on the point he had just made. A. for B. while C. as if D. as 38. I couldn’t take any more clothes ______ there wasn’t any space in my suitcase. A. though B. as C. where D. if 39. The United States is known for its supermarkets, _______ huge quantities of all kinds of food and household articles are sold A. which B. that C. where D. as 40. __________, being well-informed is necessary for people nowadays. A. Which is known to all B. As everyone knows C. it is known to all that D. We all know 41. The experiment, _________ had been expected, was quite successful. A. what B. as C. which D. that 42. Scarcely had we returned home _________ the telephone rang loudly enough for everyone to hear. A. than B. when C. as D. then 43. Success in life does not depend so much on one’s school record ________ on one’s honesty and diligence. A. but B. whereas C. as D. like 44. After _______ seemed like one and a half days to us, we arrived there at last. A. it B. which C. as if D. what 45. Doing our homework is a sure way to improve our test scores, and this is especially true _______ it comes to weekly tests. A. when B. while C. as D. since 46. She thought things would get better, but ______ it is, they are getting worse. A. because B. before C. as D. after 47. It was just as hard to persuade my wife not to dance ______ to keep me from the football field. A. as was it B. so was it C. as it was D. so it was 48. ________ you dislike ancient buildings, St. Paul’s Cathedral is worth a visit. A. If B. As C. Now that D. Even if 49. The teachers hope the little _______ they have been doing will be useful when their students leave school. A. what B. that C. which D. as 50. After Byron had travelled around the world, he was asked of all the places of interest he had visited _______ gave him the deepest impression. A. that B. which C. as D. what 51. He failed in the experiment, _______ surprised all of us A. that B. it C. as D. which 52. _______ both her parents injured in the accident, the girl had to be taken care of by her grandma. A. For B. With C. Because D. As 53. The roof fell _______________ we had time to dash into the room to save the old man. A. after B. before C. since D. as 54. Have you made up your mind yet ________ what you are going to do in the future? A. so that B. as for C. as to D. such as
