PP Test 1 语法题笔记
Test 1 1~143
1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the
body.
A. in disease
B. that disease
C. of disease
D. about disease
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.
A. she was the first woman to conduct
B. the first woman conductor
C. the woman was first conducting
D. the woman conducts first
3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City’s
Metropolitan Opera House.
A. the first African American
B. the first African American was
C. she was the first African American
D. when the first African American
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United
States, _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.
A. and accelerated a phenomenon
B. a phenomenon that accelerated
C. accelerating a phenomenon which,
D. the acceleration of which phenomenon
5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.
A. he became
B. when becoming
C. became
D. did he become
6. _________, domesticated grapes grow in clusters, range in color from pale green to black, and
contain sugar in varying quantities.
A. Their botanical classification as berries
B. Although their botanical classification as berries
C. Because berries being their botanical classification
D. Classified botanically as berries
7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.
A. a basic instrument
B. basic instrument
C. how basic an instrument it is
D. as an instrument is basic
8. In instrumentalist philosophy, ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes: they are of
significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.
A. as they are
B. are they
C. there are
D. are
9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen, and most do both.
A. Working fire extinguishers
B. Fire extinguishers that work
C. Fire extinguishers work
D. The work of fire extinguishers
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an
unprecedented amount of mobility.
A. to purchase their own automobiles
B. their own to purchase automobiles
C. to their own purchase automobiles
D. own their automobiles to purchase
11. Frances Perkins, _________ of the United States cabinet, served in the cabinet as secretary of
labor from 1933 to 1945.
A. the first female member
B. was the first female member
C. the first female member who
D. of whom the first female member
12. When _________ to dough and heated, carbon dioxide is released, causing the dough to rise.
A. is added baking powder
B. added baking powder is
C. is baking powder added
D. baking powder is added
13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations, geneticists
use the theory of probability.
A. The calculation of
B. To calculate
C. Is calculating
D. Calculated
14. Big-band jazz relies on fixed arrangements, where _________ than one instrument playing some
of the parts, rather than on improvisation.
A. is more
B. whenever more
C. there is more
D. more
15. Because of _________ diversity, seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been
established by botanists.
A. them
B. so that
C. those
D. their
16. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material, _________ of DNA
and various types of protein.
A. consisting
B. as to consist
C. consist
D. which consisting
17. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.
A. that normally
B. of which it normally
C. normally
D. that it normally
18. _________ “nova” means new, novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and
suddenly flare into brilliance.
A. That
B. Why
C. Although
D. It is
19. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________, Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.
A. Earth is
B. is from Earth
C. what is Earth
D. is it Earth
20. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the
core values of the group.
A. a complex network
B. how a complex network
C. a complex network and
D. a network that is complex
21. Bubbles, flaws, and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass,
_________ the glass sparkle.
A. which making
B. and making
C. making
D. to making
22. Fog is common near _________ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.
A. there are large
B. large
C. either large
D. where large
23. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of
history.
A. and a
B. so that a
C. a
D. is a
24. _______ by the United States government’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index
compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.
A. To prepare
B. As it prepared
C. When preparation
D. Prepared
25. _________ carries the genes, which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or
organism.
A. The chromosome
B. The chromosome that
C. Whereas the chromosome
D. There is a chromosome
26. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.
A. Carbon reacting
B. Carbon reacts
C. The reaction of carbon
D. When carbon reacts
27. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth’s atmosphere, but if they are moving _________, they can
form a crater on impact.
A. enough fast
B. fast enough
C. so fast enough
D enough are fast
28. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland, an integral part of the endocrine
system.
A. kidney which is
B. kidney is
C. kidney being
D. kidney
29. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of _________ such as iron and steel.
A. easily corroded metals
B. metals are easily corroded
C. corroded metals that easily
D. how easily metals corroded
30. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter, the smallest particle of an element _________ into
chemical combination.
A. that can enter
B. can it enter
C. when entering it can
D. that enters can
31. All the major cities of the United States, ________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of
Mexico, began as centers of trade.
A. and to include
B. which including
C. included
D. including
32. Settled by English Puritans in 1630, Boston became _________ .
A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital
C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
33. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine _________ they are heading.
A. the direction in which
B. to where the direction
C. that direction of which
D. where the direction
34. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.
A. what
B. in which
C. in whose
D. that
35. Published in 1957, John Cheever’s first novel, The Wapshot Chronicle, earned _________ the
National Book Award.
A. that he had
B. him
C. was his
D. to him
36. As seen from the Earth at night, _________ planet Jupiter ranks third among the planets and stars
in maximum brightness, after Venus and Mars.
A. when the
B. in which the
C. the
D. and the
37. _________ produces a crimson glow in a vacuum tube and is used extensively in advertising
displays.
A. Neon that
B. When neon
C. Neon
D. There is neon
38. Chaparral consists of _________ stunted by short, wet winters followed by long, dry summers.
A. are trees and shrubs
B. how trees and shrubs
C. trees and shrubs have
D. trees and shrubs
39. The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 was _________ of United States policy concerning the activities and
rights of European powers in North and South America.
A. when a statement
B. as a statement
C. a statement
D. to a statement
40. _________ to stand in a warm place, it sours because of the presence of bacteria that convert milk
sugar into acid.
A. When milk is allowed
B. When is milk allowed
C. Milk, when allowed
D. When milk allowed
41. While play is important at all levels of human development, _________ takes on particular
significance when children are five and six years old.
A. it
B. and
C. which
D. because it
42. During the second and third years of life, children gain _________ over their bodies.
A. control increasing
B. increasing to control
C. control is increasing
D. increasing control
43. All brass instruments use a mouthpiece _________ into a long cone-shaped tube.
A. is inserted
B. that inserted
C. that is inserted
D. and inserted
44. _________ as children that most people first come in contact with myths.
A. When
B. It is
C. There are
D. That is
45. By the mid-twentieth century, United States presidential staffs, _________ had numbered fewer
than ten a century earlier, numbered in the hundreds.
A. as
B. that they
C. which
D. and
46. In 1966 only 60 percent of all five year olds in the United States attended kindergarten, _________
in 1985 almost 82 percent did so.
A. with
B. which
C. whether
D. while
47. _________ industries, inventions, and communal endeavors of the Shakers, the best known is
their fine furniture.
A. Of the many
B. Their many
C. Are the many
D. Many of the
48. Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of the spine, but in mammals _________ only
in the chest area.
A. they are found
B. finding them
C. in which they are found
D. are found
49. Although the habitat of the American beech tree is now confined to the eastern United States and
southeastern Canada, _________ extended as far west as California.
A. where it once
B. once
C. it once
D. and once
50. Most of North America receives _________ some form of continuous plant cover except in the arid
and semiarid Southwest.
A. moisture to sustain sufficient
B. sufficient moisture to sustain
C. to sustain sufficient moisture
D. sufficient to sustain moisture
51. _________ denotes currency in circulation plus bank deposits.
A. The term “money supply”
B. The term is “money supply”
C. When the term “money supply”
D. “Money supply” is the term
52. The Franklin stove, invented around 1742, ________, originally with a partially open front, and was
designed to fit into a fireplace.
A. was made of cast iron
B. cast iron was made of
C. cast of iron was made
D. was of iron made cast
53. A few species of mushrooms cause death or serious illness _________.
A. having eaten
B. that they are eaten
C. are eaten
D. when eaten
54. Some critics maintain _________ the mystery novel is a symbolic ritual of guilt and retribution.
A. is that
B. that there is
C. it is
D. that
55. _________ all cherry trees are very attractive when in bloom, some species with inferior fruit are
cultivated especially for their flowers.
A. Although
B. There are
C. It is
D. That
56. Usually pitched in the of C, _________ may be tuned to B flat by means of a slide.
A. the bugle
B. because of the bugle
C. the bugle that
D. but the bugle
57. With _________ formal art training and largely self-educated, Anna Mary Moses, known as
Grandma Moses, began to paint rural scenes at the age of seventy-eight.
A. not
B. no
C. neither
D. never
58. A block and tackle is a _________ of pulley blocks and ropes used for pulling or hoisting large
objects.
A. mechanical set special
B. set special mechanical
C. special mechanical set
D. special set mechanical
59. Although _________ instant critical acclaim in 1952, he never completed a second novel,
publishing many short works instead.
A. Invisible Man was the first novel by Ralph Ellison received
B. first received by Ralph Ellison, the novel Invisible Man was
C. Ralph Ellison’s first novel, In visible Man, received
D. Ralph Ellison’s first novel, Invisible Man, was received
60. Sauropods had _________ smallest brains relative to body weight of any group of dinosaurs, yet
they were among the most successful of all dinosaurs in evolutionary terms.
A. what was a
B. when a
C. of the
D. the
61. At the time of Columbus’ voyages, Native Americans used an astounding diversity of languages,
________ the diversity used by Europeans.
A. the greatest by far
B. by far than greater
C. by far the greatest
D. greater by far than
62. During the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920’s, much African American writers, artists, and
musicians came to Harlem in New York City, creating a cultural center there.
63. In Concord, Massachusetts, there is a museum commemorating the life of Louisa May Alcott, the
author the nineteenth-century novel Little Women.
64. Lactose, a sugar present in milk, is one of simple sugars used in food preparations for infants.
65. Jackson, Michigan, a city who was settled in 1829, was named for Andrew Jackson, the seventh
President of the United States.
66. Boulder, Colorado, is only city in the United States that derives its water supply from a glacier.
67. Construction of first skyscraper began in Chicago in 1883 with the ten-story Home Insurance
Building.
68. The Mississippi riverboat, which evolved from simpler steamship of the early 1800’s, became the
dominant form of passenger transport on the Mississippi River.
69. Modern stringed instruments comprise both instruments of ancient origin, such as the harp, and
the developed recently family of bowed instruments that includes the violin.
70. Stars provided early astronomer with a reference system for measuring the motions of planets,
the Moon, and the Sun.
71. The coal industry is important to every industrial nations because most other industries are directly
or indirectly dependent on it.
72. The brightly colored kingfisher that perches until it sights a fish, then dives into the water to catch
its prey.
73. Neptune circles the Sun once every 164.8 Earth years, and its day --- one rotation its axis --- is
15.8 hours.
74. Observable comets are occasionally attracted toward the inner Solar System by the fields
gravitational of nearby stars and giant molecular clouds.
75. A single bacterium has the potential to produce 16 million copies of themselves in a day.
76. Atoms are held together by the electrical forces of attraction between each negative electron and
a positive protons within the nucleus.
77. The original aim of encyclopedias was to provide a general educational.
78. Icebergs are usually white, blue, or green, even although some are black due to rock material
incorporated in them .
79. Both adult ladybugs and their larvae are voracious eaters of aphids, scale insects, and another
plant pests.
80. Early English burlesque often ridiculed celebrated literary works and sentimentally drama.
81. The American clipper ship era was of duration short, extending from about 1845 to 1859.
82. Crystals of pure quartz, usually called rock crystal, are coarseness, colorless, and transparent.
83. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones, only about 25 are in common use in
today jewelry.
84. One of the thirteen original state of the United States, North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast
midway between New York and Florida.
85. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .
86. The Milky Way is a flat spiral galaxy who contains an estimated 100 billion stars, including the
Sun.
87. The piano as it is known today represents a long series of experiments extend back to the year
1711, or perhaps even earlier.
88. Climate is the primarily force that distinguishes one biome, or major terrestrial region, from
another.
89. Prehistoric villagers tended to work harder, suffer from more diseases, and eat the poorer diet
than nomadic hunters did.
90. A major Canadian city, Montreal is second only to Paris as the most largest French-speaking city
in the world.
91. Archaeological and geological excavations indicate which a primitive type of corn was used as
food in North America at least 7,000 years ago.
92. The major component of the sedimentary rock called shale is clay, an earthy, fine-grained
material consisting primary of a particular group of crystalline minerals.
93. Copper was the first metal used by humans and is second only to iron into its utility through the
ages.
94. The mineral chalcopyrite usually is found in compact masses or in mixtures with various other
mineral as opaque, brass-yellow, tetragonal crystals.
95. Because the study of chemistry encompasses the entire material universe, it is central to the
understand of other sciences.
96. Cyclamates were introduced in the early 1950’s as alternative sweeteners for use by individuals
who needed reducing their sugar intake for medical reasons.
97. The pericardium, a double-layered sac, it surrounds the heart and the large vessels entering and
leaving the heart.
98. The Hopi, descendants of the prehistoric Anasazi people, are a Pueblo people who of the
southwestern United States.
99. A storyteller exercises close control over the storytelling experience by the choice of words, their
arrangement, and their effective.
100. Iron is one of the basic element of which the world is made.
101. The president and vice president are the only public officials in the United States choose in a nationwide election, which takes place every four years.
102. Derived from the concept of natural law is the theoretical that individuals possess inalienable natural rights, as stated in the United States Declaration of Independence.
103. The United States national debt was relatively small until the Second World War, during when it grew from $43 billion to $259 billion in just five years.
104. Brass is stronger than either the copper and zinc of which it is composed.
105. In the traditional sense, a molecule is smallest particle of a chemical substance capable of independent existence while retaining all of its chemical properties.
106. The able of a clarinet to blend and contrast with other instruments makes it popular for chamber music and as a solo instrument.
107. Phenotypic traits, such as size or skin color, result to the interaction between an organism’s genetic makeup and the environment in which the organism develops.
108. To classical scholar, rhetoric was important in three spheres of human interaction: in law courts, in legislative assemblies, and in public forums.
109. The stark, boxy forms of European modernist architectural dominated United States cityscapes in the building boom following the Second World War.
110. Subjects of Cecilia Beaux’s paintings included prominent figures in government, the arts, and financial, but her strongest works are portraits of family members and friends.
111. By 1920 the area of the United States under cultivation had more than doubled in just 50 years, and the national population that surpassed 100 million.
112. Some areas of the deep sea are vulnerable frequent natural disturbances taking the form of intense currents, mud slumps, low oxygen, and upwellings.
113. In the United States, the first roads were paved in colonial times, first with logs, latest with cobblestones or brick, depending on the region.
114. In physics, sound is considered to be the waves of vibratory motion, nether or not they are heard by the human ear.
115. Over one thousand mineral are known, most of which are characterized by definite chemical composition, crystalline structure, and physical properties.
116. The layers of an elephant’s tusk are deposited from the pulp, yet that the innermost layer is the newest.
117. Butane is found into both oil and natural gas.
118. When expelled from the nucleus of an atom, a neutron is unstable and decay to form a proton and an electron.
The monument is decaying after years of neglect
119. Muscles who are given proper exercise react to stimuli quickly and powerfully and are said to be “in tone.”
120. Automobile insurance compensates only not for fire and theft but also for damage caused by a collision and for injury to victims of an accident.
121. Importance as foods, carbohydrates supply energy and are used to make fats.
122. Because banana plants yield only one bunch of fruit, each plant is cut down after produces bananas.
123. Flash photography is widely used for taking pictures when the natural light is insufficient, such as outdoors at night and indoors most of time.
124. The specific purpose served by a storage dam will influence its design and determined the amount of reservoir storage needed.
125. In 1889 Jane Addams founded Hull House, an institution in Chicago where she and other socially reformers lived and worked to improve urban living conditions.
126. Early United States revolutionaries shaped an orderly processes by which frontier territories would move from colonial status to statehood.
127. In music, cacophony is discordant sounds, false harmony, or noisily and inharmonious combinations of sounds.
128. Small to medium-sized marsh birds similar in body shape by cranes, rails are found throughout the world, except in the polar regions.
129. The completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869 gave California its first direct rail connection with a rest of the United States.
130. Whilhelmina Cole Holladay she was the founder and first president of the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, DC.
131. As sweeteners, there is very small difference between honey and sucrose, although the former does contain minimal quantities of vitamins, minerals, and amino acids.
132. Cultivated for salad since ancient times, lettuce is harvesting before its flower stem shoots up to bear its small yellow flowers.
133. Phonological structure encodes speak sounds as a sequence of vocal tract configurations --- successive positions of the larynx, jaw, lips, tongue, and velum.
134. The steamship contributed of the development of fast news-gathering during the nineteenth century.
135. The 1880’s saw not only the creation of the curtain wall and wind-braced iron frame also the architectural mastery of these structural devices.
136. A century ago, women made quilts only not to keep their families warm but also to express their artistic abilities.
137. The building knew as the Capitol is situated on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., and it houses the legislative branch of the United States government.
138. A person or business with more debts than assets for meeting debt payment may to declare legal bankruptcy.
139. The first stethoscope---the kind of instrument what has come to symbolize medicine around the world ---was constructed in 1816.
140. It is said that no potential frontier has such fired the imagination or challenged the ingenuity of humankind as has space.
141. The Congress of the United States can initiate legislation and significantly amend or rejection Presidential legislative proposals.
142. Through his paintings, Edward Hopper depicted the isolation, lonely, and lack of variety of the daily life of small-town America.
143. The chief editorial concern in magazine publishing is presenting a mix of news, information, and entertain, all targeted at the audience the magazine seeks to reach.
PP Test 2 语法题笔记
Test 2 1~143
1. Sand is formed by the weathering and decomposition of all types of rock, _________ most abundant
mineral constituent being quartz.
A. and its
B. since its
C. its
D. it is
2. _________ in the daytime for most of the year, the groundhog hibernates in a burrow during winter.
A. Is active
B. That it is active
C. Active
D. While is active
3. The wood of elm trees is used in shipbuilding and in _________ barrels, furniture, flooring, and
sporting goods.
A. to make
B. as made
C. making
D. to have made
4. In 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States, and in 1958 _________ the forty-ninth state.
A. Alaska’s becoming
B. Alaska became
C. when Alaska became
D. Alaska to become
5. Almost _________ countries use the decimal system.
A. all
B. all of
C. all of which
D. of all
6. _______ allows the skin and thus the body to be cooled.
A. Sweat evaporates
B. When sweat evaporates
C. Sweat, the evaporation of which
D. The evaporation of sweat
7. Activities such as writing down notes will generally lead to faster learning _________just listening to
or reading facts.
A. than
B. than is
C. whereas
D. in that
8. The Dallas Civic Opera has earned _________ since its initial production debuted in 1957.
A. an international reputation and
B. an international reputation was
C. what an international reputation
D. an international reputation
9. Born in Akron, Ohio, in 1846, Henry Eugene Abbey became the ________ of the Metropolitan Opera
House in New York City in 1883.
A. first manager was
B. first manager
C. manager who first
D. manager was the first
10. A covered bridge is built of wooden timbers _________ supporting trusses and a floor and are
protected from weather by a roof.
A. when form
B. so form
C. form
D. that form
11. Although _________ with herons or storks, cranes are distinguished from these birds by bare red
areas or ornamental plumes on their heads.
A. they are often confused
B. how often they are confused
C. that they are confused often
D. are they confused often
12. More battles were fought in South Carolina _________ in any other state during the American
Revolution.
A. as
B. although
C. than
D. but
13. Cotton is grown throughout the world, and _________ year about 50 million bales, weighing nearly
500 pounds apiece, are produced.
A. each
B. a
C. by a
D. in which
14. Based on a device used in naval vessels, the automatic pilot contains gyroscopes _________
references for an airplane’s course.
A. provides
B. that provide
C. that providing
D. and to provide
15. American Sign Language contains over 4,000 signs _________ is used by over half a million
people.
A. and
B. although
C. whenever
D. also
16. _________ founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its president until 1904.
A. Clara Barton, who
B. Although Clara Barton
C. It was Clara Barton
D. Clara Barton
17. _________ two air masses with diffe rent characteristics meet, an area called a “front” develops.
A. What
B. There are
C. When
D. Being
18. Today’s farmers use irrigation, fertilizers, la rge machines, and other technology _________ high
crop yields.
A. in the production
B. for production
C. to produce
D. produce
19. ________ served as secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation and also, in George
Washington’s administration, under the United States Constitution.
A. When Henry Knox
B. It was Henry Knox
C. Henry Knox
D. Henry Knox, who
20. The course of the Missouri River marks the ________ of continental glaciation.
A. approximate southern limit
B. limited, approximately southern