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新最新时事政治—通货紧缩的易错题汇编附解析(1)

新最新时事政治—通货紧缩的易错题汇编附解析(1)
新最新时事政治—通货紧缩的易错题汇编附解析(1)

一、选择题

1.2019年7月10日,国家统计局公布数据显示,上半年CPI同比上涨2%,通胀整体仍保持温和态势。预计下半年CPI仍会平稳运行,实现全年涨幅低于3%的通胀控制目标。关于通货膨胀,下列说法正确的是

①是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象

②会出现“持币待购”现象,造成商品销售困难

③导致纸币贬值,影响人民生活水平和社会经济秩序

④只要货币的发行量超过了实际需要的量,就会导致通货膨胀

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

2.下列对纸币的认识正确的是()

A.纸币在流通中替代货币执行流通手段的职能

B.纸币是国家发行的,国家可随意决定发行数量

C.纸币发行量过少会引起物价上涨

D.制造假币犯法,使用假币不受法律制裁

3.流通中的纸币量与实际需要的纸币量不协调,会导致()

A.通货膨胀B.通货紧缩

C.钱不值钱D.经济波动,影响人民生活

4.假定市场上待售商品的总数量为30 000亿件,每件价格为1元,若发行纸币12 000亿元,纸币在一定时期内平均流通5次,此时1元纸币相当于________,出现了较明显的________经济现象。 ()

A.0.5元货币的购买力通货膨胀B.0.5元货币的购买力通货紧缩

C.1元货币的购买力通货膨胀D.1元货币的购买力通货紧缩

5.2017年10月,美联储正式开启“缩表”进程。“缩表”是美联储调整货币政策的重要工具,会直接推高长期利率,推升企业的融资成本,从而令美国的金融环境收紧。不考虑其他因素,美联储这一措施

①可能加速国际资本流向美国

②有利于遏制美国经济的通货紧缩趋势

③可能会加大人民币对美元的贬值压力

④不利于我国向美国出口商品

A.①③ B.①④ C.②③ D.②④

6.采购经理指数(PMI),是通过对企业采购经理的月度调查结果统计汇总,编制而成的指数,它涵盖了企业采购、生产、流通等各个环节,是国际上通用的监测宏观经济走势的先行性指数之一,具有较强的预测、预警作用。依据材料推断合理的是

(注)PMI通常以50%作为经济强弱的分界点。PMI高于50%,反映经济总体扩张;低于50%,反映经济总体收缩。

①生产性需求扩张,供给需求更趋于活跃

②实体经济提速,宏观经济下行压力加大

③春节后企业集中开工,生产经营活动加快

④宏观调控显效,经济社会发展协调性进一步增强

A.①②

B.③④

C.①③

D.②④

7.负债跟劳动报酬的比值,可以衡量一个家庭的负债程度和负债风险。相关数据显示,2016年中国居民部门负债和劳动报酬之比是90%,而2008年不到50%。下列对此变化的可能原因分析正确的是

①居民总体收入预期稳定、消费观念转变,使用信用卡贷款消费増加

②国家实施紧缩性货币政策,造成了家庭资产流动性减弱

③房产持续升值,刺激了居民信贷投资的欲望

④中国经济转入了中高速増长阶段,居民收入开始不断萎缩

A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

8.我国出现通货膨胀和通货紧缩同时存在的隐患,给政策的取舍带来相当大的难度,因为同样政策将给两个问题带来相反的效果。上述两种经济现象的共同点是

A.都是货币供应量超过了流通中所需要的货币量

B.都是货币供应量少于流通中所需要的货币量

C.都表现为物价的持续上涨

D.都会影响正常的经济生活和社会经济秩序

9.中国人民银行在今年1月公开宣布尽快推出数字货币,数字货币作为法定货币必须由央行来发行。数字货币的发行、流通和交易,都应当遵循传统货币与数字货币一体化的思路,实施同样原则的管理。央行发行的数字货币()

①能够提高经济交易活动的便利性和透明度

②与传统货币相比在本质上发生了根本变化

③可以有效降低传统纸币发行、流通的成本

④流通后能够有效抑制通货膨胀和通货紧缩等经济波动的发生

A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④

10.假设在一年里全社会待售商品为5000亿件,价格水平为8元,在这一年里货币平均周转5次。那么,这一年里纸币发行量应为________亿元。而这一年实际发行了16000亿元,这时的1元钱在实际购买中相当于________元,这会引起_______。

A.8000、0.5、纸币贬值

B.4000、0.25、纸币的实际购买力降低

C.2000、3、纸币的实际购买力提高

D.16000、2、通货膨胀

11.2018年8月10日,为筹集财政资金,支持国民经济和社会事业发展,财政部决定发行2018年第七期和第八期储蓄国债(电子式)第七期,这两期国债票面分为三年期和五年期的,票面利率分别为4%和4.27%,两期国债发行总量为460亿元,付息方式为每年付息一次、到期还本息。国家发行国债的意义在于

①用于国家建设投资,拉动我国经济增长

②吸收单位和个人闲置资金,避免通货紧缩

③可以弥补国家财政赤字,促进供求平衡

④实施扩张性货币政策,调节市场的资金量

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

12.某年上半年定期存款利率是3.78%(整存整取),同期居民消费价格指数(CPI)同比上涨了7.9%。小张年初存人了1万元半年定期存款,到期时

A.小张的货币购买能力上升B.小张的货币购买能力下降。

C.小张的货币购买能力没有变化D.CPI变化对小张没有任何影响

13.作为两种不同的经济现象,通货膨胀和通货紧缩发生的原因相同之处

A.都是社会劳动生产率的变化所引起的 B.都是社会总需求大于总供给

C.都是社会总供给大于总需求 D.都是总供给和总需求不平衡引起

14.受疫情影响,北京租赁市场成交量下降,部分区域甚至出现了租金下跌的情况。相关数据显示,2020年5月份,北京租房月平均租金为4592元,环比下跌了2.3%。对此,下列分析正确的是()

①材料中的“4592元”执行了货币的价值尺度职能

②租赁房屋使租赁者暂时获得了房屋的所有权和使用权

③市场供过于求就会导致通货紧缩,价格下降

④租赁市场价格下降是价值规律发生作用的表现

A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④

15.下列对漫画的理解正确的有

①通货膨胀带来家庭货币财富的缩水

②通货膨胀带来货币购买力的减弱

③通货膨胀意味着物价持续下跌

④通货膨胀带来货币流通速度的加快

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

16.诺贝尔经济学奖获得者弗里德曼说,通货膨胀是一种疾病,一种危险的有时甚至会致命的疾病,如果不及时制止会摧毁整个社会。这是因为通货膨胀()

①会引起物价上涨

②会引起物价下跌

③会影响人民的生活和社会的经济秩序

④会使物价总水平持续下跌

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

17.市场上流通的货币,既不是越多越好,也不是越少越好。这是因为

A.纸币过少会引起纸币贬值,物价上涨B.纸币过多会引起纸币升值,物价下跌C.纸币是货币符号,有使用价值也有价值D.货币的供应量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度

18.纸币是由国家发行的强制使用的,关于纸币的发行()

①在一定时期内发行多少纸币是由国家决定的

②由国家规定人民币的面值与购买力

③每种面值纸币各发行多少是由国家决定的

④发行量过多会引起物价下跌

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

19.如果在一年里全社会用现金支付的销售商品总量是5000件,平均价格是8元,在这一年里货币的流通次数为5次。那么这一年里货币发行量应为()亿元,如果这一年实际发行了16000亿元纸币,这可能会引起()

A.8000 通货膨胀B.1000 通货紧缩

C.8000 通货紧缩D.1000 通货膨胀

20.下列有利于化解通货紧缩的措施是

A.降低汇率B.提高利息C.提高存款准备金率D.降低贷款利率21.防止经济生活中出现过高通货膨胀是我国政府宏观调控的重要目标。发生通货膨胀时通常不会出现

A.商品普遍滞销B.正常的生产流通秩序被扰乱

C.居民纷纷抢购消费品D.物价全面持续上涨

22.2018年7月10日,国家统计局公布数据显示,上半年CPI同比上涨2%,通胀整体仍保持温和态势。分析人士预计,下半年CPI仍会平稳运行,全年涨幅维持在2%左右,远低于3%的通胀控制目标。下列关于通货膨胀说法正确的是()

①会出现“持币待购”现象,造成商品销售困难

②导致纸币贬值,影响人民生活水平和社会经济秩序

③物价总水平持续下跌,消费者将会得到更多的实惠

④货币的供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量,物价上涨

A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④

23.某国家在一定时期内,一商品价格总额增长20%,货币流通次数增加100%,纸币发行量不变,则该国1元纸币的购买力等于原来________元的购买力。在这个时间段,该国最可能出现的现象是________。()

A.2.4 物价下跌B.0.6 物价上涨

C.0.2 物价上涨D.1.2 物价持续下跌

24.消费者剩余是指消费者消费一定数量的某种商品愿意支付的最高价格与这些商品的实际市场价格之间的差额。消费者剩余是衡量消费者福利的重要指标,被广泛地作为一种分析工具来应用。一般认为,消费者剩余达到最大的条件是边际效用等于边际支出。产业的社会福利等于消费者剩余加上生产者剩余之和,或者等于总消费效用与生产成本之差。不考虑其他因素,下列有利于提高消费者剩余的是:

①国家对主要农产品实施最低保护价政策②国家继续降低进口关税总水平

③卖方市场变为买方市场④通货紧缩导致价格普遍下降

A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④

25.假如一年内某国待售商品的价格总额为10000亿元,货币流通速度一年为4次,同期中央银行发行纸币5000亿元。若其他条件不变,此种情况会引起该国商品

A.价值量降低B.价值量提高C.价格下跌D.价格上涨

【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除

一、选择题

1.B

解析:B

【详解】

本题考查货币流通规律、通货膨胀、通货紧缩。①③:通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象,其原因主要是纸币的发行量超过实际需要货币量一定限度,这时往往伴随物价上涨,纸币贬值,影响人民生活水平和社会经济秩序,①③符合题意。②:通货紧缩会出现“持币待购”现象,造成商品销售困难,②不符合题意。

④:货币的发行量超过实际需要的货币量一定限度,会导致通货膨胀,④错误。

故本题选B。

【点睛】

纸币的流通规律

纸币:①含义:由国家(或某些地区)发行的、强制使用的价值符号(国家能决定纸币的发行量、纸币的面值,但不能决定纸币的购买力或者纸币代表的价值)

②优点:制作成本低,易于保管、携带和运输,避免磨损减少贵金属的无形流失

③限度:发行量要以流通中实际所需要的货币量为限度。

货币流通规律——纸币发行的依据:流通中实际所需要的货币量

①其内容是:流通中所需要的货币量同商品的价格总额成正比,与货币的流通次数成反比

商品价格总额待售商品数量×商品价格水平

②其公式:流通中所需要的货币量==

货币流通次数货币流通次数

如果纸币发行量超过这个限度,就会引起物价上涨,影响人民生活和社会的经济秩序;如果纸币发行量小于这个限度,会使商品销售发生困难,直接阻碍商品流通。

2.A

解析:A

【详解】

A:纸币在流通中替代货币执行流通手段的职能。A符合题意。

B:纸币虽是国家发行的,但国家不可随意决定发行数量。纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度。故B项错误。

C:应是纸币发行量过多会引起物价上涨。故C项错误。

D:制造假币犯法,使用假币受法律制裁。D说法有误

故本题选A。

3.D

解析:D

【详解】

D:纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度。如果流通中的纸币量超过流通中所需要的货币量,就会引起通货膨胀,造成物价总水平持续上涨,纸币贬值,经济过热;如果流通中的纸币量少于流通中所需要的货币量,就会引起通货紧缩,造成物价总水平持续下跌,经济滞缓。而通货膨胀与通货紧缩都会造成经济波动,影响人民的生活和社会的经济秩序。由此可见,D项符合题意,可以入选。

ABC:选项观点都比较片面,故ABC不能入选。

故本题正确答案是D。

4.A

解析:A

【详解】

ABCD:待售商品的总数量为30 000亿件需要的货币量为:30000*1/5=6000亿,而此时发行了12 000亿元,多发行了6000亿,此时1元纸币相当于0.5元货币的购买力,出现了通货膨胀经济现象。故A正确,BCD错误。

故本题选A。

5.A

解析:A

【解析】美联储正式开启“缩表”进程,不考虑其他因素,美联储这一措施可能加速国际资本流向美国,造成美元升值,加大人民币对美元的贬值压力,①③项符合题意;美联储这一措施有利于遏制美国经济的通货膨胀趋势,②项说法错误;美联储这一措施可能造成人民币贬值,有利于我国向美国出口商品,④项说法错误;正确选项为A。

【点睛】根据对总产出的影响方面,可把货币政策分为两类:扩张性货币政策(积极货币

政策)和紧缩性货币政策(稳健货币政策)。

在经济萧条时,中央银行采取措施降低利率,由此引起货币供给增加,刺激投资和净出口,增加总需求,称为扩张性货币政策。

反之,经济过热、通货膨胀率太高时,中央银行采取一系列措施减少货币供给,以提高利率、抑制投资和消费,使总产出减少或放慢增长速度,使物价水平控制在合理水平,称为紧缩性货币政策。

6.C

解析:C

【解析】依据图中的数据显示,采购经理指数(PMI)始终高于50%,反映经济总体扩张,表明春节后企业集中开工,生产经营活动加快,生产性需求扩张,供给需求更趋于活跃,故①③符合题意;②错误,实体经济提速依据表中数据,PMI高于50%,反映经济总体扩张,有可能导致经济过热,而不是经济下行压力加大,故排除;题干并未涉及经济社会发展协调,故④与题干不符,故排除。故本题答案为C。

【点睛】图表题的答题方法要注意掌握。

看图表标题,表格名称中的相同、相近或相关联的中心词,往往就是本题所要分析的主要问题。

图表内容,要横向比较(通常比差距)、纵向比较(通常比变化);不同表格之间的关系。是因果关系,还是一个问题的两个方面?等等。这可能也会是后面的设问要求回答的问题。看图表的图例、注释。

具体作答时还要做到五忌:一忌离开图表标题和设问谈图表,不知图表所云;二忌离开对图表的分析作答,答了一些与图表无关的书本知识;三忌审题不严,答题要点不全,观点不准;四忌词多意少,言语啰唆;五忌字迹潦草,概念出错。

7.B

解析:B

【解析】居民总体收入预期稳定、消费观念转变,使用信用卡贷款消费増加,会造成居民负责率增高,导致负债跟劳动报酬的比值增大,故①正确;房产持续升值,刺激了居民信贷投资的欲望,这也会导致居民负责率增高,导致负债跟劳动报酬的比值增大,故②正确;国家实施紧缩性货币政策,造成了家庭资产流动性减弱,这会限制居民的消费,可能会减少负债率,降低负债跟劳动报酬的比值,故③不符合题意;中国经济转入了中高速増长阶段,居民收入开始不断萎缩,而收入是消费的基础,因此,这会减少居民的消费,可能会减少负债率,降低负债跟劳动报酬的比值,故④不符合题意。故选B。

8.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

通货膨胀和通货紧缩都会影响正常的经济生活和社会经济秩序,D正确且符合题意;货币供应量超过了流通中所需要的货币量会引起通货膨胀,货币供应量少于流通中所需要的货币量会引起通货紧缩,通货膨胀表现了物价的持续上涨,其它选项是二者的不同点,都不符合题意,均应排除。故本题答案选D。

9.B

解析:B

【解析】

【详解】

央行发行的数字货币可有效降低传统纸币发行、流通的高昂成本,有利于提高经济交易活动的便利性和透明度,故①③适合题意;央行发行的数字货币是国家法定货币,并没有改变货币的本质,更不能够有效抑制通货膨胀和通货紧缩等经济波动的发生,故②④错误;故选B。

10.A

解析:A

【解析】

【详解】

流通中所需要的货币量=待售商品价格总额(单个商品价值量*数量)/货币流通速度。纸币的发行量要以流通中需要的货币量为限,如果超过流通中所需要的货币量会引起通货膨胀,如果少于流通中所需要的货币量,会引起通货紧缩。待售商品价格总额是5000亿件,价格为8元,价格总额=5000*8=40000(亿元),流通次数为5次,所以流通中所需要的货币量=40000/5=8000(亿元)。纸币贬值率=(纸币的发行量-流通中所需要的货币量)/纸币的发行量*100%=(16000-8000)/16000*100%=50%,纸币贬值了50%。A符合题意,纸币发行量应为8000,这是1元纸币贬值了50%,实际购买力为0.5元。纸币的购买力下降。B 不合题意,纸币的发行量应为8000。C不合题意,纸币的发行量应为8000。D不合题意,纸币的发行量应为8000。故选A。

11.B

解析:B

【详解】

①③:为筹集财政资金,支持国民经济和社会事业发展,财政部决定发行储蓄国债,这说明国家发行国债可以弥补国家财政赤字,促进供求平衡,用于国家建设投资,拉动我国经济增长,故①③正确。

②:发行国债有助于缓解通货紧缩,但并不能避免通货紧缩,故②错误。

④:题干体现的的是财政政策,而④选项属于货币政策,故④排除。

故本题选B。

12.B

解析:B

【详解】

此题考查通货膨胀的相关知识,考查学生分析理解问题的能力,解答此题需要准确理解题意。居民消费价格指数高于同期存款利率,意味着存款贬值,即货币购买力下降,故B正确,ACD错误。故选B。

13.D

解析:D

【解析】

【详解】

本题考查通货膨胀、通货紧缩。A选项观点与题干不符,社会劳动生产率的变化不会引起通货膨胀,也不会引发通货紧缩,排除。B选项观点与题干不符,通货膨胀是社会总需求大于总供给,通货紧缩不是,排除。C选项观点与题干不符,通货紧缩是社会总供给大于总需求,通货膨胀不是,排除。D选项观点与题干相符,通货膨胀和通货紧缩都是总供给和总需求不平衡引起,入选。故本题选D。

14.B

解析:B

【详解】

①:北京租房月平均租金为4592元,此时的“4592元”执行了货币的价值尺度职能,故

①入选。

②:租赁房屋使租赁者暂时获得了房屋的在一定期限内的使用权,租赁者对房屋没有所有权,故②错误。

③:通货紧缩的实质是供大于求,但市场供过于求不一定会导致通货紧缩,价格下降,故

③不选。

④:价格由价值决定,并受供求关系的影响,因此,租赁市场价格下降是价值规律发生作用的表现,故④入选。

故本题选B。

15.A

解析:A

【详解】

本题考查通货膨胀张。①通货膨胀,纸币贬值,物价上涨,带来家庭货币财富的缩水,①正确。

②:通货膨胀,纸币贬值,物价上涨,“钱不值钱”,货币购买力的减弱,②正确。

③:通货膨胀意味着物价持续上涨,通货紧缩带来物价持续下跌,③错误。

④:通货膨胀使货币购买力降低,商品销售困难,货币流通速度的变慢,④错误。

故本题选A。

【点睛】

巧解漫画类选择题,可采用“口诀”法解答。考生应牢记下列口诀:图画要看全,褒讽弄明显,题旨是什么,联系课本选。“图画要看全”是指要看漫画中的人和物,把握人、物的特征及其相互联系,注意漫画中的文字,注意漫画中的人、物与文字的关系,从整体上把握漫画的寓意。“褒讽弄明显”,我们先弄清是褒还是贬,这对于选择有导向作用。“题旨是什么”,是指要在分析漫画的基础上,真正弄清漫画的寓意和主旨。弄清“题旨”要通过分析与综合,实现从现象到本质、从表意到寓意的飞跃。“联系课本选”,是指在具体做题时,应将题干、题肢和书本主干知识相联系,不能脱离课本知识。

16.B

解析:B

【详解】

本题考查通货膨胀。①③:一般情况下,通货膨胀会引起物价上涨,会影响人民的生活和

社会的经济秩序,①③正确。

②:一般情况下,通货紧缩会引起物价下跌,②错误。

④:通货紧缩会使物价总水平持续下跌,④错误。

故本题选B。

【点睛】

本题属于组合选择题,可采用以下方法解答:1.排除法。就是对照题干的规定性,先找出错项,再找出与题意不符或者与题意无关的选项,依次排除错项、与题意不符或者与题意无关的选项的方法,本题可排除②④。2.代入法。就是在弄清题干要求的前提下,先从参与组合次数最多的选项人手,对其正误进行分析判断,然后代入,从而排除错误选项的方法。3.组合法。即以题干的要求为标准,先审视所列的各项,判断出很有把握的正确选项,然后将正确选项组合,再到题肢中寻觅答案的方法。

17.D

解析:D

【详解】

本题考查货币发行规律。A:纸币过少会引起通货紧缩,纸币升值,物价下降,A错误。B:纸币过多会引起通货膨胀,纸币贬值,物价上涨,B错误。

C:纸币是货币符号,是价值符号,没有价值,C错误。

D:货币的供应量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度,超过太多会通货膨胀,少的过多会引起通货紧缩,D正确。

故本题选D。

18.B

解析:B

【详解】

①③:纸币是由国家发行的强制使用的,在一定时期内发行多少纸币是由国家决定的,每种面值纸币各发行多少是由国家决定的,①③符合题意。

②:国家可能规定人民币的面值,其与购买力则由市场形成,②说法错误。

④:纸币发行量过多会引起物价上涨而非下跌,④说法错误。

故本题选B。

【点睛】

纸币的含义,纸币的发行量如何规定?

纸币是由国家(或某些地区)发行并强制使用的。国家有权发行纸币,有权规定纸币的面值和发行量,但国家不能滥发纸币。因为纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需的货币量为限度。否则就会出现通货膨胀或通货紧缩。

19.A

解析:A

【详解】

ABC:流通中所需货币量=商品价格总额÷货币流通次数,因此,如果在一年里全社会用现金支付的销售商品总量是5000件,平均价格是8元,在这一年里货币的流通次数为5次。那么这一年里货币发行量应为(5000×8)÷5=8000亿元,如果这一年实际发行了

16000亿元纸币,表明纸币发行过多,这可能会引起通货膨胀,故A正确,BC排除。

D:根据流通中所需货币量=商品价格总额÷货币流通次数,可以计算出,这一年里货币发行量应为(5000×8)÷5=8000亿元,故D排除。

故本题选A。

20.D

解析:D

【详解】

D:通货紧缩的实质是社会总需求小于社会总供给,治理通货紧缩需要采取宏观经济政策刺激消费,扩大需求,降低贷款利率有利于增加消费需求,D入选。

BC:选项BC均是治理通货膨胀的措施,BC不选。

A:降低汇率有利于吸引外商投资,扩大生产,增加供应量,会加剧通货紧缩,A不选。

故本题选D。

21.A

解析:A

【详解】

A:发生通货膨胀时需求旺盛,居民纷纷抢购消费品,通常不会出现商品普遍滞销,A符合题意。

BCD:发生通货膨胀时物价全面持续上涨,居民纷纷抢购消费品,正常的生产流通秩序被扰乱,BCD与题意不符。

故本题选A。

【点睛】

通货膨胀与通货紧缩:①如果货币的实际供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量,就会导致通货膨胀。通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象。货币供应量过多是导致通货膨胀的原因之一,实质是社会总需求大于社会总供给。②与通货膨胀相反,通货紧缩是指物价总水平持续下跌的现象。实质是社会总需求小于社会总供给。③国家通过宏观调控,运用财政政策和货币政策,可以抑制通货膨胀,防止通货紧缩,实现经济平稳发展。

22.C

解析:C

【详解】

②④:通货膨胀是指经济运行中出现的物价总水平持续上涨的现象,货币的供应量超过流通中所需要的货币量是通货膨胀的原因之一。通货膨胀会导致物价持续上涨,纸币贬值,影响人民生活水平和社会经济秩序,②④说法正确。

①:通货紧缩会出现“持币待购”现象,造成商品销售困难,①错误。

③:通货紧缩会导致物价总水平持续下跌,消费者将会在一段时间内得到更多的价格实惠,③错误。

故本题选C。

23.B

解析:B

【详解】

B:纸币是由国家(或某些地区)发行的、强制使用的。流通中所需要的货币量=商品价格总额(待售商品数量×价格水平)÷货币流通速度。纸币的发行量必须以流通中所需要的货币量为限度,否则会引发通货膨胀或通货紧缩。假如流通中需要的货币量是X,某国家在一定时期内,一商品价格总额增长20%,货币流通次数增加100%,流通中需要的货币量变为(1+20%)÷(1+100%)=0.6X;纸币发行量不变,则该国1元纸币的购买力等于原来0.6元的购买力。在这个时间段,该国最可能出现的现象是物价上涨,B适合题意。

ACD:其他选项都不符合题意,应排除。

故本题应选B。

24.C

解析:C

【详解】

①:国家对主要农产品实施最低保护价政策,即价格提高,买者感觉所获得的额外利益会减少,不利于提高消费者剩余,①不合题意。

②:国家继续降低进口关税总水平,进口商品价格下降,买者感觉所获得的额外利益会增加,则意味着消费者剩余可能会增加,②符合题意。

③:卖方市场变为买方市场,此时商品价格下降,买者感到获得额外利益增加,有利于提高消费者剩余,③符合题意。

④:通货紧缩导致价格普遍下降,此时买者会感觉所获得的额外利益会减少,不利于提高消费者剩余,④不合题意。

故本题选C。

【点睛】

全面提高对外开放型经济水平

①必然性:实行对外开放,是经济全球化的客观要求;是发展社会主义市场经济的内在要求;也是我国社会主义现代化建设的必要条件。

②重要性:极大地促进了社会生产力的发展、综合国力的增强和人民生活水平的提高。25.D

解析:D

【详解】

依据流通中所需货币量的公式:该国当年流通中所需要的货币量=商品价格总额/货币流通次数=10000亿元/4=2500亿元,而该国同期发行纸币5000亿元,这表明该国出现通货膨胀,会引起该国商品价格上涨。故选D。

高考英语易错题解题方法大全:单项选择[上]

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