1 30分
答： A. It describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London. B.London C. It follows strictly the Italia division between the octave and the sestet, the rhyme scheme is abbaabba, cdcdcd..
[2] 1. “When the stars threw down their spears,
And water’ d heaven with their tears,
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee ?”
Questions:
A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza?
B. Whom does the “he” refer to?
C. What does the “Lamb” symbolize?
得分：100分
答： A.William Blake B.The God https://www.doczj.com/doc/dd18414294.html,mb symbolizes peace and purity
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[3]
43. “My tongue, every atom of my blood, form’ d from this soil, this air,
Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,
I, now thirty- seven years old in perfect health begin,
Hoping to cease not till death”
Questions:
A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the title of the poem?
B. What do “soil” and “air” represent in the first line?
C. What does the poet try to say in the above quoted lines?
得分：25分
答： A.Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself”; B.His native land, America or his country C. I was born and nurtured by from now on devote my whole life to the country
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[4]
‘Is dying hard, Daddy?’
‘No, I think it’s pretty easy, Nick. It all depends. ’”
Questions:
A. Who’s the author of the quoted part, and what’s the title of the work?
B. What was Nick preoccupied with when he asked the question?
C. Why did the father add “It all depends” after he answered his son’s question?
得分：0分
答： A.Ernest Hemingway, India Camp B.Life and death C.When the father says that dying is pretty easy, he might b self-murdered husband. But when he reflects on the wife’s miracle survival of the violent pain in the whole adds the final sentence. Dying is both hard and easy, it all depends on individuals.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[5]
“He neither spoke, nor loosed his hold some five minutes, during which period he bestowed more kisses than life before, I dare say; but then my mistress had kissed him first, and I plainly saw that he could hardly agony, to look into her face! The same conviction had stricken him as me, from the instant he beheld her, that of ultimate recovery there—she was fated, sure to die.”
A. Identify the author and the work.
B. What does the rocking-chair symbolize?
得分：20分
答： A Emily Jane Bront Wuthering Heights B.The “rocking-chair” is a symbol standing for fate.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[6]
“It is when the feet weary and hope seems vain that the heartaches and the longings arise. Know, then, tha surfeit nor content. In your rocking chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In your rocking-ch shall you dream such happiness as you may never feel.”
A. Identify the author and the work.
B. What does the rocking-chair symbolize？
得分：75分
答： A. From Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie. B. It symbolizes that Carrie’s fate is unstable and she is unabl course of life.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[7]
Had I as many souls as there be stars.
I’d give them all for Mephistophilis!
By him I’ll be great emperor of the world,
And make a bridge through the moving air
To pass the ocean with a band of men;
I’ll join the hills that bing the Africa shore
And make that country continent to Spain,
And both contributory to my crown;
The Emperor shall not live by my leave,
Nor any potentate of Germany.
Now that I have obtained what I desire
I’ll live in speculation of this art.
Till Mephistophilis return again.”
A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which the passage is taken.
B. Based on the passage, write down in one or two sentences the theme of the play.
得分：40分
答： A.Dr.Faustus,a play by Christopher marlowe B.Man's aspiration, bounding achievements, and the inevitable 【题型：阅读】【100分】
[8]
“The curfew tolls the knell o fparting day,
The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,
The plowman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.”
A. Scan the first line of the stanza.
B. Briefly explain the significance of this irregularity.
得分：0分
答： A.type of four-line stanza, the first and the third lines have four stressed words syllables; the second a three stresses. B.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[9]
“‘Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? So you think I am an automoton?—a machine without fe to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?—You think wrong!—I have as much as you and ful if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, or even of morta spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, e
A. Identify the author and the work.
B. Summarize the speaker’s meaning.
得分：25分
答： A.Charlotte Bront?,Jane Eyre B.你以为我能够呆在这儿对你无动于衷吗？你以为我贫穷，不美，卑微，我就没有灵和你同样的灵魂和充满了等量的情感。
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[10]
But it seemed that both his audacity and his respect were lost on Miss Daisy Miller. ‘I guess mother wou she smiled. ‘And she ain’t much bent on going, anyway. She don’t like to ride round in the afternoon.’ After proceeded: ‘But did you really mean what you said just now—that you’d like to go up there?’ Most earnestly I m declared.
A. Identify the author and the work.
B. Where are they going to visit？
得分：100分
答： A.From Henry James's Daisy Miller. B.They are going to visit an old castle.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[11]
“I like to see it lap the Miles—
And lick the Valleys up—
And stop to feed itself at Tanks—
And then-prodigiosu step”
A. Please give the name of the author.
B. What idea does this poem express?
得分：50分
答： A.Emily Dickinson B.This poem is a vivid memory of the poet's working experience on the farm. The poet feels as well. In this part the poet hints that he will never forget the scene of harvest even in his human sleep, w
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[12]
“I celebrate myself, and sing myself,
And what I assume you shall assume.
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.”
A. Identify the author and the work.
B. What are the two principal beliefs that the poet set forth in this poem?
得分：75分
答： A.From Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself" B.The two beliefs are the theory of universality and the belief in equality of all beings in value.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[13]
“Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. ”
Questions:
A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the title of the poem?
B. What does the word “this” in the last line refer to?
C. What idea do the quoted lines express?
得分：50分
答： A.Shakespears; "Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day" / "Sonnet 18" B."This" refers to the poem c.When y poetry, you are even with time. A nice summer's day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can las
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[14]
"To be or not to be-- that is the question."
Questions:
A. Identify the author.
B. From which work is the above sentence taken?
得分：70分
答： A.William Shakespeare B.Hamlett
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[15] Then I saw in my dream, that when they were got out of the wilderness, they presently saw a town before t
that town is Vanity; and at the town there is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair; it is kept all the year long of Vanity Fair because all that is there sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity. As is the saying of the wi is vanity'.
Questions:
A. Identify the author and the title of the book.
B. Who are "they" in this excerpt?
C. What type of writing is this book?
D. What is the theme of this book?
得分：40分
答： A.John Bunyan,The Pilgrim's Progress B.I and Evangelist
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[16] It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good forturen must be in want o
However little known the feelings or views of such a man many be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this tr in the minds of the surrouding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other
Questions:
A. Identify the author and the title from which the above passage is taken.
B. What is this passage describing?
得分：50分
答： A. Jane Austen ,Pride and Prejudice B.No matter it has a happy or sad, comic or tragic, plain or magnified end. I of itself. Since everything in it seems to be true, and I have learned a lot about British society during 18t without “pride”, there would be no “prejudice”, and such great love would not happen.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[17] Then where are our relatives? My father? Our family friends? You claim the rights of a mother: the right to cal
to speak to me as no woman in authority over me at college dare speak to me; to dictate my way of life; an acquaintance of a brute whom anyone can see to be the most vicious sort of Lodon man about town. Before I giv to resist such claims, I may as well find out whether they have any real existence.
Questions:
A. From which work is this quotation taken?
B. Which character is speaking?
C. What does this work expose?
得分：20分
答： A.Mrs. Warren’s profession B.The play is about the economic oppression of women. C. Vivie is a kind of ne and well educated, with a strong sense of injustice and a passion for “honest” work.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[18] When the minister spoke from the pulpit, with power and fervid eloquence, and, with his hands on the open bible,
of our religion, and of saint-like lives and triumphant deaths, and of future bliss of misery unutterable, th turn pale, dreading, lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers.
Questions:
A. Identify the title of the short story from which this part is taken.
B. What had happened in the story before this church scene?
C. Why was Goodman Brown afraid the roof might thunder down?
得分：25分
答： A.Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" B.Brown has attended a witches'part where he saw many prominent people of the t included. C.Brown was shocked by the minister, secretly a member of the evil club,who could talk about sacred tr openly and unashamedly. He thought God would punish such hypocrites down on them.
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[19] So I was full of trouble, full as I could be; and didn't know what to do. At last I had an idea; and I says, I
letter-- and then see if I can pray. Why, it was astomishing, the way I felt as light as a feather, right off, gone. So I got a piece of paper and a pencil, all glad and excited, and set down and wrote...
Questions:
A. Who does I refer to in the passage?
B. Who am I going to write to?
C. What kind of image is "I"?
得分：55分
答： A.Huckleberry, the protagonist of the novel”adventures of Huckleberry Finn B.First Huck couldn’t decide whe write a letter to tell Miss Waston where Jim is, then he had an idea and wrote an appropriate letter C.Huck is a heart and a deformed conscience
【题型：阅读】【100分】
[20] Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou are more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.
Questions:
A. Who is the author?
B. What is the theme of the poem?
C. What kind of poem is it?
得分：30分
答： A.William Shakespeare B.the theme about "youth and age" or "Shakespeare's love lives forever in the poem is it?
Lesson 34 Out of the Blue On a picture-perfect Texas morning, the shuttle Columbia was heading home when tragedy struck, leaving America and the world wondering what went wrong-and honoring the lives of seven brave astronauts. By Evan Thomas 1) Tony Beasley, an astronomer at the California Institute of Technology, got up early, along with his wife and mother-in-law, to watch the space shuttle fly overhead. It was a little after 5:45 a.m., California time, 7:45 a.m. at Mission Control1 in Houston, 8:45 a.m. at Cape Canaveral in Florida. Beasley could see the bright glow of the shuttle as it came over California’s Owens Valley, bound for a Florida landing, still 60 miles high, traveling at about 20 times the speed of sound. Then he noticed some bright flashes, just small ones at first. Beasley idly wondered if the shuttle was shedding some debris as it entered the atmosphere. He didn’t make much of it;2 he thought he recalled that space shuttles sometimes lost a few tiles as the craft burned into the atmospnere. But then he noticed a large pulse of light. “It was like a big flare being dropped from the shuttle,” he told Newsweek. “It didn’t seem normal.” 2) A few minutes later, a few hundred miles to the east in Red Oak, Texas, Trudy Orton heard a boom as she stood on her front porch in the brightening morning. She thought it was a natural-gas explosion. “My house shook and windows rattled.” Her dog ran into the house and hid. A neighbor, loading her car, looked up and asked, “What on earth was that?” Orton lo oked up and saw a white streak of smoke across the sky. “It wasn’t a sleek little straight line like the jets make. It was billowing like a puffy cloud.” 3) At the Kennedy Space Center at 9 a.m., ET, the festive crowd-NASA officials, family members of the astronauts, local dignitaries and politicians, even a representative of the Israeli government, on hand to honor Israel’ s first astronaut, Col. Ilan Ramon-eagerly listened for the familiar sonic boom, heralding the arrival of the returning shuttle. But as the skies remained silent, the burble of chatter died down, then grew anxious. At about 9:05, mobile phones began to ring. Suddenly, officials were herding family members into buses. The countdown clock continued to wind down to the scheduled 9:16 landing. But the crowd was already gone. 4) The specialists inside Mission Control were well aware that the complex machines they put into space and then hope to bring home again are potential deathtraps. The rest of us forget, until a tragedy occurs, and the nation and the world are left mourning the loss of the astonishing array of hope and talent that routinely fly aboard the shuttles-113 trips, so far. When the shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas last Saturday morning, it took with it an Air Force colonel and test pilot3 (whose last job had been chief of safety for the astronaut office); a former Eagle Scout fighter jock4 (second in his class at Annapolis); a veteran African-American astronaut making his second trip into space; an India-born woman with a Ph.D. who enjoyed flying aerobatics5; a medical doctor who had performed in the circus as an acrobat; another medical doctor who was a mother, and an Israeli Air Force hero who had bombed Iraq’ s Osirak nuclear reactor in 1981. 5) The seven crew members of the Columbia were finishing a 16-day mission that had gone off without a hitch6, hi between conducting dozens of scientific experiments, there had been plenty of time for stargazing. Astronaut Kalpana Chawla had told reporters how much, on a prior shuttle mission, she had enjoyed “watching the continents go by, the thunderstorms shimmering in the
1.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period. A.Christian B.knightly C.Greek D.primitive 2. In The song of Beowulf , Beowulf fought against _______. A. Grendel B. a knight C. Hrothgar D. Sir Gawain 3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___. A.Piers Plowman B.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C.Confessio Amantis D.The Canterbury Tales 4. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18? A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature. B.The speaker satirizes human vanity. C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation. D.The speaker meditates on man's salvation. 5. John Milton was the writer of ______ A. Paradise lost B. The Pilgrims progress C. Tess D. Emma 6. The greatest of all English authors is _______ A. William Shakespeare B. Charles Dickens C, Thomas Hardy D. Robert Frost 7. Of all the 18thcentury novelists, _______ and Tobias Gorge Smollet may be regard as the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel in England and Europe. A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Joseph Addison D. Richard Steel 8. The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalism was _____ A. Henry Fielding B. Daniel Defoe C. Joseph Addison https://www.doczj.com/doc/dd18414294.html,urence Sterne 9. The most outstanding figure of the epoch of Enlightenment in England was ______. A. Oliver Goldsmith B. Jonathan Swift c. Thomas Grey D. Richard Steel 10. Daniel Defoe was the writer of ______ A. Gulliver’s Travels B. Robinson Crusoe C. Jane Eyre D. A Modest Proposal 11. Gulliver’s Travels was written by ______. A. Laurence Sterne B. Daniel Defoe C. Jonathan Swift D. Oliver Goldsmith 12. Tom Jones was written by _____ A. Oliver Goldsmith B. Jonathan Swift c. Thomas Grey D. Henry Feilding 13. The songs of Innocence was written by ____ A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake C. Robert Burns D. J.Keats 14. With the publication of William Wordsworth’s _____ in collaboration with S.T. Colerige, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature. A. The Cloud B. To a Sky-lark C. to Autumn D. Lyrical Ballads 15.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __. A.J.Keats B.W.Blake C.W.Wordsworth D.P.B.Shelley 16. ______ was Byron’s greatest work. A. Don Juan B.She Walks in Beauty C. Cain D. Manfred. 17.Ulysses (1922) is generally acknowledged to be ______’s masterpiece and a typical example of stream of consciousness technique. A. James Joyce B. Virginia Woolf C. D. h. Lawrence D. Charles Dickens 18. The Title Vanity Fair was borrowed by Thackeray from the_____ by Bunyan. A. Pilgrim’s Progress B. Canterbury Tales C. Paradise Lost D. Beowulf
【Lesson 1 Good News about Racial Progress The remaining divisions in American society should not blind us to a half-century of dramatic change By Abigail and Stephan Thernstrom In the Perrywood community of Upper Marlboro, Md.1, near Washington, D.C., homes cost between $160,000 and $400,000. The lawns are green and the amenities appealing—including a basketball court. Low-income teen-agers from Washington started coming there. The teens were black, and they were not welcomed. The homeowners? association hired off-duty police as security, and they would ask the ballplayers whether they “belonged” in the area. The association? s newsletter noted the “eyesore” at the basketball court. But the story has a surprising twist: many of the homeowners were black t oo. “We started having problems with the young men, and unfortunately they are our people,” one resident told a re porter from the Washington Post. “But what can you do?” The homeowners didn?t care about the race of the basketball players. They were outsiders—in truders. As another resident remarked, “People who don?t live here might not care about things the way we do. Seeing all the new houses going up, someone might be tempted.” It?s a t elling story. Lots of Americans think that almost all blacks live in inner cities. Not true. Today many blacks own homes in suburban neighborhoods—not just around Washington, but outside Atlanta, Denver and other cities as well. That?s not the only common misconception Americans have ab out race. For some of the misinformation, the media are to blame. A reporter in The Wall Street Journal, for instance, writes that the economic gap between whites and blacks has widened. He offers no evidence. The picture drawn of racial relations is even bleaker. In one poll, for instance, 85 percent of blacks, but only 34 percent of whites, agreed with the verdict in the O.J. Simpson murder trial. That racially divided response made headline news. Blacks and whites, media accounts would have us believe, are still separate and hostile. Division is a constant theme, racism another. To be sure, racism has not disappeared, and race relations could —and probably will —improve. But the serious inequality that remains is less a function of racism than of the racial gap in levels of educational attainment, single parenthood and crime. The bad news has been exaggerated, and the good news neglected. Consider these three trends: A black middle class has arrived. Andrew Young recalls the day he was mistaken for a valet at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. It was an infuriating case of mistaken identity for a man who was then U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. But it wasn?t so long ago that most blacks were servants—or their equivalent. On the eve of
e to order, reason and rules.启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。 5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizi ng, became a very popular means of public education.其实，当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念，就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。 6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great wr iters like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defo e, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰.德莱顿，亚历山大.蒲柏，约瑟夫.艾迪森与理查.斯蒂尔（这两位是现代散文的先驱），乔纳森.斯威夫特，丹尼尔.迪福，理查.B.谢立丹，亨利.费尔丁和塞缪尔.约翰逊。 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文学领域，启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对古典时代的著作产生兴趣。 8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.他们认为理想的艺术应基于秩序，逻辑，确切及情感控制的基础上，而文学作品的价值评判标准应该看它是否为人文主义服务。 9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.由此一种温文尔雅，充满灵性的知识分子文学艺术发展起来。 10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.在几乎所有的文学形式中，新古典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩与条框。 11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter r hymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should b e strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and t ype characters rather than individuals should be represented.戏剧必须用英雄体偶剧（抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗）写就；时间，地点，事件三要素必须要
英美文学 I. 本期讲过的所有名家名作 II．名词术语: Ode ——in ancient literature, is an elaborate lyrical poem composed for a chorus to chant and to dance to; in modern use, it is a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings, often addressed to a person or celebrating an event. Alliteration ——It is a form of initial rhyme, or head rhyme. It is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other. e.g. He came on under the clouds, clearly saw at last Rage-inflamed, wreckage-bent, be ripped open Kenning ——a figurative language in order to add beauty to ordinary objects. It is a metaphor usually composed of two words, which becomes the formula for a special object. e.g. Helmet bearer—— warrior Swan road——the sea The world candle—— the sun Repetition &Variation e.g. Grendel / The spoiler / warlike creature / the foe / horrible monster A host of young soldiers / a company of Kinsmen / a whole warrior-band Caesura ——every line consists of two clearly separated half lines between which is a pause, called caesura. e.g. Grendel stalking; God’s brand was on him.
一.What is the theme of Beowulf? 这首诗主题介绍了如何原始人工资在聪明和强大的领导之下的自然世界的敌对势力的英勇斗争的生动写照。这首诗是自然界神话与英雄传说混合在一起的一个例子。 Thematically the poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.The poem is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends. 二.莎士比亚（1）四个悲剧。（二）四大悲剧的共同之处？3请简要总结每个英雄人性的弱点。 1.莎士比亚的四个最大的悲剧是：哈姆雷特、奥赛罗、李尔王、麦克白。 2.每个描绘了一些高尚的英雄，谁面临着人类生活的不公，陷入了一个困难的局面和他们的命运与整个国家的命运息息相关。 3.每一位英雄有他的弱点的性质；老国王李尔不愿意完全放弃他的权力；麦克白的权欲挑起他的抱负和他会导致无休止的罪行 1.Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. 2.Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. 3. Each hero has his weakness of nature; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes 三.试论莎士比亚的艺术的创作。 1.主要特点是既不是仅仅是个人的也不是类型；他们是代表某些类型的个人。每个字符都有他或她自己的个性；与此同时，他们可能与别人分享功能。 2.通过运用心理分析的方法，莎士比亚成功探索刻画心灵。 3.莎士比亚很少发明自己的情节；相反，他借用他们的一些旧的戏剧或故事书，或从古希腊和古罗马的来源。 4.在他的著作中，伪装也是重要的设备，打造
1.What makes “The adventures of Huckleberry Finn” more than a child’s adventure story? Briefly discuss the question from the following aspects: the setting，the language，the character(s)and the style. A.Setting: in the novel, Mark twain recreates a small-town world of America and presents the local color. https://www.doczj.com/doc/dd18414294.html,nguage: He uses simple, direct language faithful to the colloquial speech, the vernacular language of the local people. C.Character(s): The author recreates two rebels and fugitives running away from civilization, especially Huckleberry Finn, an innocent boy who refuses to accept the conventional village morality. D.Theme: The novel is a criticism of social injustice, hypocrisy, conservativeness and narrow-mindedness of the American small town society. E.Style: The novel employs a humorous style of narration and is also highly symbolic with the central symbol. 8.What is the theme of poem “Paradise lost”, and why did John Milton write this poem? A.The theme is the "Fall of Man," i.e. man's disobedience and the loss of Paradise, with its prime cause-Satan. B.Satan is a rebellious figure against God in literature, defe He tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.ated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost” and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. 2.Daniel Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle-class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England. A. Social background: The Eighteenth Century England witnessed the growing importance of the middle class. a. Industrial Revolution; b. The expansion of international markets; c. The middle class was a revolutionary class then and quite different from the feudal aristocratic class. They were people who had known poverty and hardship, and most of them had obtained their present social status through hard work. They believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work. To work, to economize and to accumulate wealth constituted the whole meaning of their life. d. Literature should provide a realistic presentation of the life of the common people; it should meet the demand of the middle class peopl e. B. Robinson Crusoe embodies the virtues of the middle class people. With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.
英美报刊阅读教程1 Language Features 电子报纸 electronic newspaper = e-paper 电子杂志electronic magazine = e-zine 1.英语新闻报刊的种类：日报、晨报、晚报 周报、半周报 semiweekly 、双周报 biweekly 城市报metropolitan newspaper 报纸newspaper 郊区报suburban newspaper 乡村报rural newspaper 大报quality newspaper 通俗小报tobloid 2.新闻英语的限制因素：大众性、节俭性、趣味性、时新性、客观性 3.拼词缀 （1）前词部首+后词部尾 boat +hotel=botel 水上旅馆 taikong +astronaut=taikonaut 宇航员 medical +suicide = medicide 医助安乐死 digital +literati = digirati 电脑联通网 guess + estimate=guestimate 约略估计 corporation + bureaucrate=corporcrat 公司官僚主义 （2）前词全部+后词部尾 jazz + discotheque = jazzotheque 爵士音乐夜总会 screen + teenager = screenager 屏幕青少年 eye + analyzer = eyelzer 远不测醉器 work +welfare = workfare 工作福利 guess + kingdom = filmdom 电影王国 news + program = newsgram 新闻节目
Chapter 2: The Neoclassical Period General Introduction 考核要求: 1. 识记： （1）新古典主义时期的界定 （2）政治经济背景 （3）启蒙运动的意义与影响 2. 领会： （1）启蒙运动的主张与文学的特点 （2）新古典主义时期文学的艺术特点 3. 应用：启蒙运动，新古典主义，英雄双行诗，英国现实主义小说等名词的解释 考点串讲: 1. Duration: Neoclassical period is the one in English literature between the return of Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1978. It’s in fact a turbulent period. 2. Political Background: The marking events: The restoration of Charles II in 1660 The Glorious Revolution in 1689 Constant strife between the monarch and the parliament Constant strife between big parties—the Tories and Whigs Constant strife between ruling class and the laboring poor Constant strife between religious sects, such as the Roman Catholicism and protestants (church of England) The eighteenth century saw the fast development of England as a nation
二现实Twain,James,Emily Dickinson,Dreiser(自然主义,三代表,历险记,贵妇人,黛西,三部曲,嘉丽) 一:现实主义时期界定:The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as the Age of Realism . 二:历史文化背景:The American society after the Civil War provided rich soil for the rise and development of Realism .American had transformed itself from a Jeffersonian agrarian community into an industrialized and commercialized society .The burgeoning economy and industry stepped up urbanization .Polarization of the well-being started to show up ,with the poor poorer and the rich richer . 三:文学特点:The Realistic period is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature ,especially American fiction ,from the 1850s onwards .Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions . 四:现实主义与自然主义的异同:Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic .It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality ,or to human existence . 五:自然主义:The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism :American naturalism .Artistically naturalistic writings are usually unpolished in language ,lacking in academic skills and unwieldy in structure .philosophically ,the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eyes of the individual ,or beyong his control. 六:重要作家: ①Mark Twain 马克吐温作品及内容：H.L.Mencken considered he“the true father foor our national literature”.His Roughing It describes a journey that works its way farther and farther west through Navada to San Francisco and then to Hawaii .Life on the Mississippi tells a story of his boyhood ambition to become a riverboat pilot ,this time up and down the Mississippi .The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors and joys .里程碑Adventures of Huckleberry Finne is a boy's book written for the adults ,and Hemingway described it“all modern American literature comes”.人物刻画及语言风格:Mark Twain is the most famous local colorist , ,it concerned with the life of a small ,well-defined region or province .his humor characterized by puns ,straight-faced exaggeration ,repetition ,and anti-climax ,let alone tricks of travesty and invective ,is remarkable .In Adventures of Huckleberry Finne 解析:Huck is polarized by the two opposing forces between his heart and his head ,between his affection for Jim and the laws of the society against those who help slaves escape .Huck's final decision--to follow his own good-hearted moral impulse rather than conventional village morality .Setting :he used the Mississippi valley as his fictional kingdom ,writing about the landscape and people ,the customs and the dialects of one particular region ,and is therefore known as a local colorist ;Characters :he creats life-like characters ,especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn ,who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality ;Language ;it is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class ,the living local American English . ②Henry James亨利詹姆斯:国际标准考虑职业，1876定居伦敦，1915加英国 籍:His career is devided into three periods .代表作:The Portrait of A Lady ,which