第五章
1.Describe system software. What are the four types of system programs?
System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. System software is not a single program.
Rather it is a collection or a system of programs that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention. System software consists of four types of programs: ? Operating systems coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.
? Utilities, also known as service programs, perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.
? Device drivers are specialized programs that allow particular input or output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.
? Language translators convert the programming instructions written by programmers into a language that computers understand and process.
2.What are the basic functions of every operating system? What are the three basic
operating system categories?
Every operating system performs various functions. These functions are:
? Managing resources:These programs coordinate all the computer’s resources
including memory, processing, storage, and devices such as printers and monitors. They also monitor system performance, schedule jobs, provide security, and start up the
computer.
? Providing user interface: Users interact with application programs and computer hardware through a user interface.
? Running applications: These programs load and run applications such as word
processors and spreadsheets. Most operating systems support multitasking, or the ability to switch between different applications stored in memory.
The three main categories of Operating systems are:
? Embedded operating systems - The entire operating system is stored within or
embedded in the device and permanently stored on ROM.
? Network operating systems (NOS) are used to control and coordinate computers that are networked or linked together.
? Stand-alone operating systems control a single desktop or notebook computer.
3.Explain the differences and similarities between Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.
They all perform the basic functions of an operating system. They manage resources, provide a user interface, and run applications. They all use a graphical user interface, and can network small groups of computers.
The differences are as follows:
Windows– has 90 percent of the market operating system market share, more
application programs are developed to run under Windows than any other operating system, designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatible microprocessors. The new version, Vista, has Advanced system security, a Three-dimensional workspace, and utilizes WinFS, makes it possible to locate files based on a description of their content.
MAC OS- Designed to run on Apple machines, but with the latest version can also run on Intel microprocessors. It is not as widely used as Windows, but is one of the most innovative operating systems. It includes utilities such as Spotlight which is an
advanced search tool that can rapidly locate files, folders, email messages, addresses, and much more, and Dashboard Widgets which are a collection of specialized programs that will constantly update and display information.
Linux– Of the three operating systems, it is the only one that is an open source. It is
a version of UNIX. It runs on powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web. It
encourages others to modify and further develop the code.
4.Discuss utilities. What are the five most essential utilities? What is a utility suite?
Utilities are specialized programs designed to make computing easier. The most
essential are
? Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs that recognize and correct problems, ideally before they become serious.
? Antivirus programs that guard your computer system against viruses or other
damaging programs that can invade your computer system.
? Uninstall programs that allow you to safely and completely remove unneeded
programs and related files from your hard disk.
? Backup programs that make copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged.
? File compression programs that reduce the size of files so they require less storage space and can be sent more efficiently over the Internet.
Utility suites combine several programs into one package. Buying the package is less expensive than buying the programs separately.
5.Explain the role of device drivers. Discuss the Add Printer Wizard and Windows
Update.
Every device, such as a mouse or printer, that is connected to a computer system has a special program associated with it. This program, called a device driver, works with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of the
computer system. Each time the computer system is started, the operating system loads all of the device drivers into memory.
Windows’ Add Printer Wizard provides step-by-step guidance for selecting the
appropriate printer driver and installing that driver.
Windows Update makes it easy to update the drivers on your computer.
计算机专业英语考试试题及答案 一、判断1.(√)The cpu and memory are located on a special circuit beard in the system unit called the montherbocrd2.(√)the main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that supercomputers are designed to execute a few programs as quickly as possible，whereas mainframes are designedto handle many programs running at the same(but at a slower pace)3.(×)Being computer fluent means that you should be able to build a computer yourself.4.(√)Embedded computers are selfcontained computer devices that have therv own programming and do not receive input5.(√)Currently，the performance of tasks by robot is based on preprinted algorithms1.(×)A web browser is a special device that is installed in your computer that allows it to communicate with devices on a network2.(√)data can be a number a word a picture，or a sound3.(√)strictly defined，a computer is a data processing device4.(√)one of the benefits of becoming computer fluent is being a savvy computer user and consumer and knowing how to avoid viruses the programs that pose treats to computer security 。 5(√)trend-spotting programs，developed for business，have been used to predict criminal activity二.写出中文 1.virtual function虚拟函数2.pointer 指针3.cursor 光标4.package 包裹 5. Boot 引导，自举6 TCP/IP 传输攻之协议/互联网协议7 DNS 域名服务8.HTTP 超文本传
Crossword Puzzle Answers: Open Ended Questions: 1.Discuss the traditional and high-capacity floppy disks. The traditional floppy disk is the 1.44 MB 31/2-inch disk. The most common type is labeled 2HD, which means “two-sided, high-density” and have a capacity of 1.44 MB.Floppy disks have a thin exterior jacket made of hard plastic to protect the flexible disk inside. High-capacity disks, also known as floppy-disk cartridges, are rapidly replacing the traditional floppy disk. They are 31/2 inches in diameter, and are able to store more information, are thicker, and require special disk drives. 2.What are the three types of hard disks? Describe three ways to improve hard-disk performance. There are three types of hard disks: internal hard disk, hard-disk cartridge, and hard-disk pack.
第一单元：计算机与计算机科学 课文A：计算机概览 一、引言 计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算 或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。 要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。不同类型和大小的计算 机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。计 算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。在几 乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的 工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各 样的信息源可供使用。同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。计算机犯罪 已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。 二、历史 第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯.帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数 字计算机的先驱。这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。17世纪70 年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德.威廉.莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台 也能做乘法的机器。 法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽.雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复 杂图案的编织。在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼.何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅 卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的 系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。 1、分析机 也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯.巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。 他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙 人，数学家奥古斯塔.埃达.拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。巴比奇的设计之一，分析 机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。它有一个以一叠穿孔卡片的形式存在的输入流、一个保存 数据的“仓库”、一个进行算术运算的“工厂”和一个产生永久性纪录的打印机。巴比奇未 能将这个想法付诸实践，尽管在那个时代它在技术上很可能是可行的。 2、早期的计算机 模拟计算机是19世纪末开始制造的。早期型号是靠转动的轴和齿轮来进行计算的。用任 何其他方法都难以计算的方程近似数值，可以用这样的机器来求得。开尔文勋爵制造了一台 机械潮汐预报器，这实际上就是一台专用模拟计算机。第一次和第二次世界大战期间，机械 模拟计算系统，以及后来的电动模拟计算系统，在潜艇上被用作鱼雷航线预测器，在飞机上 被用作轰炸瞄准具的控制器。有人还设计了另一个系统，用于预测密西西比河流域春天的洪 水。 3、电子计算机 第二次世界大战期间，以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家， 制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。到1943年12月，这个包含了1500个真空管 的“巨人”开始运转了。它被以艾伦.图灵为首的小组用于破译德国用恩尼格码加密的无线 电报，他们的尝试大部分是成功的。 除此而外，在美国，约翰.阿塔纳索夫和克利福德.贝里早在1939年就在艾奥瓦州立学院
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; memory 3. central processing unit 4. internal; primary; memory 5. keyboard; central processing unit; main memory; monitor [Ex 3] A. 1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. E 8. H B. 1. user 2. monitor 3. data 4. keyboard 5. data processing 6. information 7. computer 8. memory [Ex 4] 1. input device 2. screen, screen 3. manipulates 4. instructions 5. retrieve 6. code 7. hard copy 8. Function [Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer. These processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users. 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。它们的问世意味着IT技术领域开始了一个新时代，标志着云技术距离我们越来越近。 这些处理器主要是为服务器、数字处理中心和超级计算机设计的。这种处理器的出现并非偶然。根据英特尔公司俄罗斯和其他独联体地区负责人Dmitri Konash就此事发表的看法，IT技术市场的发展速度极快，根据预测，到2015年与英特网连接的设施将有150亿，用户超过30亿。 [Ex 6] 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities
一、Give out the full names for the following abbreviations(写出下列缩写词的全称)（15%） WAN__________________________________________________ HTTP__________________________________________________ NT____________________________________________________ CEO__________________________________________________ DBMS________________________________________________ ISP___________________________________________________ XML__________________________________________________ BIOS_________________________________________________ IT____________________________________________________ WWW_______________________________________________ 二、Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right )（10%） 1. output devices a. 操作系统 2. silicon b. 扩展存储器 3. expanded memory c. 硅 4. database administrator d. 输出设备 5. operating system e. 汇编语言 6. assembly language f. 数据库管理员 7. gateway g. 数字图像处理 8. laser technology h. 网关 9. digital image processing i. 制造过程 10.manufacturing process j. 激光技术 1. （ ） 6. （ ） 2. （ ） 7. （ ） 3. （ ） 8. （ ）
计算机专业英语模拟2 Ⅰ. Vocabulary（词汇，30分） (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.（写出下列词组的汉语，共10分，每题1分） 1. central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器 1. 2. operating system 操作系统 2. 3. electronic spreadsheet 电子表格 4. management information system 管理信息系统 5. electronic commerce 电子商务 6. database 数据库 7. software engineering 软件工程 8. software crisis 软件危机 9. network security 网络安全 10. computer virus 计算机病毒 (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.（根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写，共10分，每题1分) 1．随机存储器RAM 2．局域网LAN 3．计算机辅助设计CAD 4．数字视频光盘DVD 5．通用串行总线USB 6．面向对象编程OOP 7．集成开发环境IDE 8．结构化查询语言SQL 9．多文档界面MDI 10．企业之间的电子商务交易方式B2B (三)．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.（将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配，共10分，每空1分） 1. output b a. 视频 2. high-level language c b. 输出. 3. project window e c. 高级语言 4. black-box testing g d. 应用软件 5. multimedia h e. 工程窗口 6. WWW i f. 系统软件 7.field j g. 黑盒测试 8. application software d h. 多媒体
CHAPTER 1 1、A common term that describes the combination of traditional computer and communication technologies is b. information technology 一个描述了传统的计算机和通信技术结合的常见的术语 B.信息技术 2、Procedures are typically documented in manuals written by b. computer specialists 程序一般是___在手册撰写记录的 B.计算机专家 3、Which of the following is an example of connectivity? a. Internet 下列哪一项是连接的一个例子吗？ A.互联网 4、Windows XP, windows Vista, and Macintosh OS X are all examples of b. operating systems Windows XP，Windows Vista，和Macintosh OS X都是__的例子 B.操作系统 5、Because of their size and cost, these computers are relatively rare. d. supercomputers 由于它们的尺寸和成本，这些电脑是比较少见的。 D.超级计算机 6、The system component that controls and manipulates data in order to produce information is called the d. microprocessor 系统组成，控制和操纵数据来产生信息称为 D.微处理器 7、A system component that translates data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process is called a(n) c. output device 一个系统组件，将人类可以理解成计算机能够处理的形式的数据和程序被称为 C.输出设备 8、A CD is an example of a(n) c. optical disc CD是___的简称 C.光盘 9、If you want to communicate a message or persuade other people, you would typically use this type of software. d. presentation 如果你想传达信息或说服别人，你通常会使用这种类型的软件。 D.演示 10、Many experts are predicting that this revolution is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology. d. wireless
计算机专业英语练习参考答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] 1..F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.F [Ex 2] 1.input, storage, processing, and output 2. power, speed, memory 3. central processing unit 4. internal, primary, memory 5. keyboard, central processing unit, main memory, monitor [Ex 3] A. 1.F 2.D 3.G 4.C 5.B 6.E 7.H 8.A B. https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,er 2.monitor 3.data 4.keyboard 5.data processing 6. information https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,puter 8.memory [Ex 4] 1.input device 2. screen, screen 3.manipulates 4.instructions 5.retrieve
6.code 7.hard copy 8.function/code/instruction [Ex 5] 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities 2. supercomputer, mainframe computer, minicomputers, microcomputers 3. mainframe computer 4.microcomputers, storage locations 5. portables, laptop computers/ notebook/palm-sized computer, desktop workstations 6.semiconductor 7. CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users 8. microprocessor ship [Ex 3] A. 1.C 2.A 3.H 4.I 5.E 6.F 7.G 8.B
1 工学结合创新教程 计算机专业英语 2014年上半学期计算机专业英语 期末考试试卷（A 卷）答案 一、选择题 Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(30分) (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。)( 共10分，每题1分) 1. 操作系统 2. 需求分析 3. 网络安全 4. 数据结构 5. 决策支持系统 6. 关系数据库 7. 软件危机 8. 计算机病毒 9. 邮件附件 10． 中央处理器（单元） (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) (共10分，每题1分) 1．DBMS 2．TCP 3．MDI 4．OOP 5．ROM 6．VCD 7．CAD 8．SQL 9．USB 10．B2B （三） Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)(10分，每空1分) 1． c 6. h
35 项目5 项目9 项目8 项目6 项目7 项目10 2．3．4．5．Ⅱ1． (三)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。（10分，每题2分） 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C (四) Choose the best answer according to Passage C.（ 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。10分，每题2分） 1．C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B Ⅲ.Translation.翻译(30分) (一) Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（将下列句子翻译成汉语。）（共20分，每题5分） 1.开发一个软件产品，开发过程分为五个步骤：需求分析和说明，设计，写代码，测试和维护。 2.功能测试检验的是用有效的输入是否能够得到所期望的输出。+ 3. EDI 指的是两个公司之间通过私有网络使用特定、结构化的格式电子交换商业信息。 4．一些应用软件，例如Word ，允许几个窗口同时在一个叫做MDI 的模式下存在，你能够在一个软件中打开多个文档。 (二) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.（将下段文章翻译成汉语。）（共10分） 高级语言是一种人造语言，使用它我们可以写不同的指令。这成为可能不是因为计算机处理器如今是如此的技术先进以至于它们可以理解这些语言。你需要将这些语言翻译成计算机处理器能够理解的机器语言。编译器能够完成这项工作。这就意味着高级语言程序不是直接可
○1 1.Visual chapter openers and summaries 具视觉效果的开篇和总结 2.On the Web explorations 网络资源 3.Tips 小贴士，小窍门 4.Making IT work for you 为你所用 5.Concept checks and review 检查 6.Key terms 核心词汇 7.Careers in IT 信息技术相关职业 8.Procedures (指令，操作说明) 9.Software (软件) 10.Hardware (硬件) 11.Blocking spam 垃圾邮件过滤软件 12.Speech Recognition 语音识别软件 13.Virus Protection and Internet Security 14.网络安全软件 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html, Tuner Cards and Video Clips 电视卡和视频编辑软件16.Web Cams and Instant Messaging 网络视频摄像头和即时通 讯 17.Music from the Internet 网络音乐下载、上传和编 辑 18.Home Networking 家庭网络 19.Spyware Removal 间谍软件移除工具 20.Job Opportunities 网络就业机会搜索软 件 21.Operation system 操作系统 22.Coordinate resources 协调资源 23.Interface 提供接口 24.Run applications 运行应用程序 25.Utilities 公共实用程序 26.Device drivers 设备驱动程序 27.Browser 浏览器程序 28.Microsoft Office 办公软件 29.Basic application 基础应用程序 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,itary or Government军事政府 31.Research institute 研究机构 32.Insurance companies 保险公司 33.Mainframe computers 大型机，主机 34.Supercomputers 超级计算机 35.Minicomputers 中型电脑 36.Microcomputers 微机个人计算机 37.Desktop computer 台式电脑 38.Notebook computer, laptop computers 手提式、膝上轻便 电脑 39.Tablet PC 支持手写的平板电脑 40.Handheld computer 掌上电脑 41.Windows mobile 操作系统 42.Electronic Dictionary 电子词典 43.Palm computer 掌上电脑 44.Handheld computer 手持电脑 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,itary PDA 军用PDA 46.System unit：microprocessor and memory 微处理器 和内存 47.Input/output devices 输入和输出 48.Keyboard 键盘 49.Mouse 鼠标 50.Monitor 显示器printer 打印机 51.Secondary storage 辅助存储器 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,pact discs (CD) 激光盘 53.Digital versatile or video discs (DVD) 数 字化视频光盘 54.High-definition discs (HDD) 高清盘 55.Document files 文字处理 56.Worksheet files 工作表单 57.Database files 数据库文件 58.Presentation files 演示文件 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,puter competency refers to acquiring computer-related skills-indispensable tools for today. 2.Present an overview of an information system 概述信息系统 3.Understand these basic parts and how connectivity through the Internet.5大组成部分及如何访问网络 4.Filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests 填写电脑化的表格和考试 5.People are surely the most important part of any information system. 人是信息系统中最重要的组成元素 6.Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. 我们的生活每天都要接触计算机、信息系统 分不开 7.Making IT Work for You：present interesting and practical IT applications. 实用 的信息技术应用 8.Tips：suggestions ranging from the basics of keeping your computer system running smoothly to how to protect your privacy while surfing the Web. 关于计算机运用和网上冲 浪安全的提示和建议 9.Careers in IT：provides job descriptions, projected employment demands, educational requirements, current salary ranges, and advancement opportunities. 信息技术相关的 工作 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,puting Essentials Web site：more information on the Web. 本课本相关的网 络资源 11.Software are the instructions that tell the computer how to process date into the form you want. 软件就是指导计算机把 数据转换成信息的指令 12.In the most case, the words software and programs are interchangeable. 大多时候，软件 和程序的概念是可以互换的 13.系统软件是应用软件和计算机硬件的中 间连接件。 14.The system software is just the mediator between application software and hardware. 15.you have to know to be considered computer competent. 作为计算机能手必须具 备 16.Wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution. 无线应用开启了无 线革命 17.Central to the concept of connectivity is the network. 连接概念的中心是网络 ○3 1.Integrated Packages 综合程序包 2.Software Suites 软件套组 3.templates 模版 4.Thesaurus 同义词库 5.Word wrap 自动换行 6.Autocorrect: 自动更正 7.Header or Footer 页眉页脚 8.Footnote 脚注 9.Captions, Cross References题注，交叉引 用 10.Table 表格 11.Calculations 计算 12.Functions 函数 13.Analytical graphs or charts 图表 14.What-if analysis 假设分析 15.Query: 查询 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,municate a message 传递 17.persuade people 说服 18.Professional 专业 19.Productivity suite 商务组件 20.Personal suite 家庭组件 21.Specialized suite 专业组件 22.Utility suite 实用工具组件 1.Integrated package: is a single program that provides the functionality of a word processor, spreadsheet, database manager and more. 独立的集成软件包包括文字处理、表格和数据库管理等功能 2.Presentation: programs that combine a variety of visual objects to create attractive visually interesting presentations. 利用可视化 的图形，创造吸引人的演示效果。 3.Software suites: a collection of separate application programs bundled together and sold as a group. 捆绑一起售卖的多个应用程序 4.Good communication skills and teaching experience, though a teaching degree may not be required, it may be preferred. 沟通技能和 授课经验 5.Experience with the latest software and hardware is essential. 熟悉最新的软件和硬件 6.Seek detail-oriented individuals with IT experience IT经验的细心人 ○5 1.Booting a system 启动电脑 2.Mundane 常规的 3.behind-the-scenes 幕后的 4.Warm boot 热启动Cold boot 冷启动 5.Embedded OS 嵌入式OS https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,work OS 网络OS 7.Stand-alone OS 客户端OS 8.track 磁道 9.concentric ring同心圆 10.contiguous连续相邻的 11.wedge-shaped楔形的 12.sector扇区 13.Norton AntiVirus: 防毒 14.Norton CleanSweep: 系统清理 15.Web CleanUp: 上网痕迹清理 16.GoBack Personal Edition: 恢复设置 17.Norton Utilities: 实用工具 18.Bachelor’s degree 本科学位 19.Practical experience 实战经验 20.Certification from training 认证 21.Good analytical and communication skills 社交技能 1.System software: works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. 系统软件处理大多数技术细节 2.System software is collection that handle hundreds of technical details with little or no user intervention. 少用户介入的技术细节 3.Managing resources 资源管理 4.Providing character-based or graphical user interface 提供人机界面接口 5. A platform for running applications and supporting multitasking 为应用软件的运行提供系统平台 6.Advanced system security to guard against malicious files and programs, including spyware. 防恶意软件安全系统 7.Three-dimensional workspace capable of displaying transparent cascading windows. 三 维立体、玻璃、瀑布效果 8.Filtering capabilities to provide convenient parental controls by blocking access of objectionable Web sites. 过 滤能力，家长控制 9.Utilities: are designed to make computing easier. 使用计算机更加简单的专业程序 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,e for: avoid frustrating 11.Internal hard disks crashed 死机 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,puters freeze up 锁定卡死 13.Operations slow down 系统慢 14.Troubleshooting programs: recognize and correct problems. 自检程序 15.Antivirus programs: guard your computer system against viruses. 防病毒程序 16.Uninstall programs: safely and completely remove unneeded programs. 卸载程序 17.Backup programs: make copies of files. 备 份程序 18.File compression programs: reduce the size of files. 压缩程序 19.Disk Cleanup: a troubleshooting utility that identifies and eliminates nonessential files, frees up valuable disk space. 清理无用文件， 释放磁盘空间 20.A track is a concentric ring.磁道，就是一 个同心圆 21.Each track is divided into wedge-shaped sections called sector. 磁道被分成的楔形，称 为扇区 22.The operating system tries to save a file on a single track across contiguous sectors. 23.Disk Defragmenter: locates and eliminates unnecessary fragments and rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations. 去除无用的碎片，重新安排文件，优 化磁盘空间 24.Device driver: work with the operating system to allow communication between the device and the rest of the computer system. 用 于设备和计算机其他组件通信 25.Windows supplies hundreds of different device drivers with its system software. 自带 驱动 ○9 1.Originally intended for voice communication 语音通讯 2.Widely used to support computer communication 计算机通讯 3.Allow a wide variety of nearby devices to communicate without physical connection 设备通讯 4.Allow individuals to connect to the Internet 因特网无线互联 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,munication channel 信道 6.Connection devices 连接设备 7.Data transmission specifications 数据传输规则 8.Twisted-pair cable 双绞线 9.Made up of copper wires 铜线 10.Coaxial cable 同轴电缆11.made up of a single solid-copper 12.Fiber-optic cable 光纤 13.Physical connections: 物理连接 14.Infrared: 红外线 15.Over short distances 短距离 16.Travel in a straight line 直线 17.In clear view of one another 18.Broadcast radio: 无线电通讯 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,e radio signals 无线电信号 20.Follow standard Wi-Fi 无线保真 21.Microwave: 微波 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,e high-frequency radio wave 23.line-of-sight communication 24.Be relayed by stations with dishes or antenna 天线接收传递 25.Bluetooth: 蓝牙技术 26.Pass through walls and nonmetal barriers 具有穿透性 27.Satellite: 卫星通讯 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,e satellites orbiting about 22000 miles above the earth 29.Offered by Intelsat通讯卫星协会 30.Rotate at a precise point and speed 位置和 速度严格定位 31.External modem 外置调制解调器 32.Internal modem 内置调制解调器 33.PC Card modem 卡式调制解调器 34.Wireless modem 无线上网卡 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,e for converting the digital signals to analog signals 数字、模拟信号转换 36.Transfer rate: 传输率 37.Bandwidth 带宽 38.Node: any device connected 节点 39.Client: a node uses resource 客户端 40.Server: a node sharing resources and performing specific task 服务器 41.Hub: the central node 集线器 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,work interface cards: 网卡 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,work operating systems: 网络OS 44.Distributed processing: 分布处理 45.Local Area Network: 局域网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,work gateway 网关 47.Ethernet: 以太网 48.Metropolitan Area Network: 城域网 49.Wide Area Network: 广域网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,work configurations 拓扑结构 51.Strategies 策略，模式 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,puter communications: is the process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers. 计算机之间共享信息数据资源 2.Connectivity: is a concept related to using computer networks to link people and resources to the world of larger computers and Internet. 3.Protocol: a set of communication rules for the exchange of information. 协议是传输信息的规则 https://www.doczj.com/doc/df17904452.html,work architecture: describes how a network is arranged and how resources are coordinated and shared. 搭建，协调和共享 5.Terminal network: processing power is centralized in one large computer, other terminals connected to this host. 计算机能力 集中在中央主机上，即主机终端联机模式 6.Client/server networks: server nodes coordinate and supply specialized services, and client nodes request the services. 客户端请求 服务，服务器提供服务 7.Peer-to-peer networks: nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. 各节点角色相同 8.Intranets: a private network within an organization that resembles the Internet. 企业 内部网是一个私有网络 9.Extranets: a private network that connects more than one organization. 企业间的外联网 10.Firewall: a security system designed to protect an organization’s network against external threats. 防范外部威胁 11.Proxy server: a gatekeeper to monitor and evaluate all communication. 代理服务器