非谓语动词一览表
一、非谓语动词的三种基本形式的含义 ①to do：表示要做或去做，表个别行为，表目的； ②doing：做了，经常做，用来做，或一般行为（动名词） 。 表主动含义“正在做” ，形容词化翻译成“令人…的”（现在分词） ； ③done： 表示被动含义 “被做” 或 “已做”“已被做”， 形容词化后翻译成 “(某人)感到…的” 或 “被…的”或“已… 的”（表语、定语、状语） 。
（先记住三种非谓语动词的基本含义，在以下的讲解中就能慢慢领会贯通。 ）
动名词与现在分词的区别主要是： 1. 动名词充当主语，宾语，和同位语。现在分词充当状语和补语。两者都可以做定语，但是意义不同。 作定语时，动名词说明被修饰的名词的用途；现在分词说明名词的动作，即它和名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢，即一个用于睡觉的车 （sleeping 为动名词表用途 ） a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子，即一个正在睡觉的孩子 （sleeping 为现在分词表正 在进行的动作 ）注意： 做定语时，动名词和现在分词的读音不同。 （a ‘sleeping car） ， （a sleeping ‘child） 。 2.动名词具有名词的性质。现在分词则没有。 ①动名词和名词一样有 a, the, my, this, Tom’s, the, some, much, a lot of 等词语修饰： I usually do some cleaning on Sunday. 我通常在周日打扫卫生。 Do you do much fishing? 你常常钓鱼吗？ He showed me a picture of his own painting. 他拿出来他自己绘画的一张照片给我看。 A knocking at the door was heard. 一阵敲门声被听到了。 ②动名词和名词一样有所有格、复数形式： He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship. 他喜欢阅读是因为阅读的好处，而不是因为奖学金。 He is so busy that I can’t keep track of all his comings and goings. 他是如此的繁忙以至于我无法弄清楚他的来来去去。 二、非谓语动词的各种变形 一般式 to to 主动语态 被动语态 doing 主动语态 被动语态 done 被动语态 to do to be done doing being done done 完成式 to have done to have been done having done having been done 进行式 to be doing
（初中阶段一般式为重点。请漠视 to be doing 和 to have been done。 而 to have done, having been done 和 being done 只做了解。 ）
三、非谓语动词的逻辑主语
1. 如果 to do 的逻辑驻足于就是句子的主语或者宾语，正常使用主格和宾格。如果不是，则写成 for/of sb to do。 She wants you to call him later.她让我之后给他打电话。 ①如果形容词修饰人，则用 of sb，如果形容词修饰 to do 这件事，则用 for sb。如， It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 ②形容词描述人的品质、性格、感情或者态度，用 of sb，形容词和 sb 有主表关系。用于此句型的形容词主要有： clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, polite, selfish, silly, right, wrong, thoughtful, wise, generous, rude, brave，careless，patient 等，如， It’s brave of him to save the child from the fire. 从大火中救出这个孩子，他真勇敢。 It’s foolish of her to say so. 这么说话他真愚蠢。 2. 如果 doing 的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，正常使用主格。如果不是则在 doing 前加上形容词性物主代词或’s 所有格：my/Tom‘s doing，如果逻辑主语是句子的宾语既可使用宾格也可以使用 my/Tom‘s doing。 I have finished reading the book. 我已经读完了这本书。 Would you mind me/my/Tom’s opening the window？你介意我/我/Tom 开窗吗？ 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前直接加 not 或 never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing。当前面有逻辑主语时，not 或者 never 放在逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间。如： Not swimming in the river in summer is good for you. 在夏天不在河里游泳对你有好处。 He told the children not to play in the street. 他叫孩子们不要在街上玩耍。 He apologized for his not being able to arrive on time. 他因没能按时到来而道歉。 I’m surprised at your not having noticed. 我对你没有注意到感到惊奇。 五、非谓语动词在句子中区别 doing 和 to do 做主语和表语的区别 Reading books is her hobby. 读书是她的爱好。 （经常性行为用 doing，不能用 to do。相当于名词，做主语） Her hobby is reading books. 他的爱好是读书。 （相当于名词做表语） He is an interesting boy. 他是一个有趣的男孩。(doing 形容词化，相当于形容词做定语) 有时也用 it 代替： It is no use crying.哭没有用。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football．打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。 It is useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。 My dream is to be a teacher. 我的梦想是当一名老师。 （将来的行为用 to do，不能用 doing，做表语） To be a teacher is my dream. 当一名老师是我的梦想。 （做主语） It is my dream to be a teacher. 当一名老师是我的梦想。 （做主语，it 在形式上是主语，所以叫形式主语，真正 的主语是后边的 to do） It’s very kind of you to help me. 帮住我，你真好。 It’s clever of you to work out the math problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。 注意区分： It’s not easy being your age. 在你这么大不容易。(在你这么大年纪，是一个事实，用 doing 表经常做、做了) It’s not easy to work out the math problem. 作出这道数学题不容易。 （做出这道数学题是将来的事，用 to do 表没做、要做、去做） done 做表语 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(构成被动语态，强调被动动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词形容词化，系表结构，表状态) 【注意】些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten, excite, amaze, 等很多 doing 和 done 形式已经形 容词化。doing 翻译成“令人（感到）…的” ，done 翻译成“ （某人）感到…的” 。不存在 doing 的主语必须是某物 的说法。 The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 He is an interesting boy. 他是一个令人感兴趣的男孩，即他是一个有意思的男孩。 He is so boring. 他是如此的令人感到厌烦，即他是如此的烦人。 to do 和 doing 做定语的区别： to do 作后置定语 1）I have no time to play sports. 我没有做做运动的时间，即我没有时间做运动。 （要做的事用 to do） 2）I’d like ave something to eat 我想要吃的东西。 （要做的事用 to do） 3）It’s my first time to visit the museum. 那是我参观这个博物馆的第一次，即那是我第一次参观博物馆。 （个 别行为用 to do） doing 做定语 He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。(动名词表用途) China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 （现在分词表进行含义或主动含义） The woman sitting behind me is my mom. 坐在我后边的女人是我的妈妈。(主动含义=The woman who sits behind me is my mom.) Who is the woman talking to our English teacher？ （主动含义和进行含义=Who is the woman that is talking to our English teacher?）正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁？
done 做定语 作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成； 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.被污染的空气和水对人们的身体健康有害。 Is this the book bought by the teacher? 这是老师买的书吗？ doing 作定语和 done 做定语的区别： 不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，表将要的动作或者 个别动作。 doing 则表主动含义或者进行含义。done 表被动动作或者完成的动作。 ① 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。 There are many newspapers sold on the train. 在火车上有许多报纸被卖 There are many people planting trees on the mountain. 在山上有许多人正在植树。 the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人 ②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 boiling water 正在沸腾的水，即沸水 boiled water 沸腾过了的水，即凉白开 fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子，即落叶 falling leaves 正在落下的叶子 to do 做宾语 特殊结构：动词+疑问词+不定式， 相当于一个从句. 1） I don’t know what to do.(=I don’t know what I should do.) 我不知道要做什么. 2) I wonder where to go. (= I wonder I should go.)我不知道要去哪里。 3) I don’t know when to have the meeting. (= I don’t know when we shall have the meeting.)我不知 道什么时候开会。 4) I want you to tell you how to do it. (I want you to tell you how you will do it.) 我想知道如何做这件事情。 doing 做动词或者介词的宾语 be used for doing …被用于做某事 keep on doing … 继续做某事 be fond of doing…喜爱做某事 succeed in doing….在做某事方面成功，即成功做某事 thanks for doing…因为（你）做某事而谢谢你 be good at doing sth. 擅长于做某事 do well in doing sth.擅长于做某事
be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事（做过的或者一般行为）但，be afraid to do 害怕去做某事（将要做的或者个 别行为） be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣 instead of doing 而不（是）做某事 注意，以下词组中的 to 是介词，不是动词不定时的小品词 to： look forward to doing sth 期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth 与…相比较更喜欢…； pay attention to doing 注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事； make a contribution to 为…做贡献 devote sb.to doing sth. 献身于…….. be/get used to doing…习惯于做……. pay attention to doing sth. 注意。 。 。/ 重视。 。 。 prefer doing sth （to doing）更喜欢做某事。但 prefer to do rather than do need doing sth. (=need to be done) 需要做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 go fishing/camping/boating 去钓鱼/去野营/去划船 do some/the cleaning/cooking/shopping/washing/washing-up/ finish doing sth.完成做某事； enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事； practice doing sth. 练习做某事； imagine doing,想象做某事； consider doing sth.考虑做某事； suggest doing sth.建议做某事； mind doing sth.介意做某事； bear/stand doing 忍受做某事 keep doing sth.持续做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事 miss doing 错过做某事 avoid doing 避免做某事 suggest doing 建议做某事，但 suggest/advise sb to do 建议某人做某事 admit doing 承认做某事 can’t help doing 禁不住做某事，但，can’t help to do housework 不能帮忙做家务 allow doing sth. 允许做某事。但，allow sb to do 允许某人做某事 feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事； be busy doing sth.忙于做某事； be worth doing 值得做某事；
spend/waste time/money (in) doing sth.花费/浪费时间（金钱）做某事 have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth 做某事有困难； have fun doing/have a good time doing 做某事高兴 have a hard/difficult time doing 做某事做得很艰难/过得很不好 有些动词或词组后接 doing 或 to do 均可，但意义差别很大。 go on doing …继续做某事（继续刚才的事情） go on to do… 继续去做另一件事 continue doing 继续做某事（继续刚才的事情） continue to do 继续去做另一件事 如， After a short rest, he went on doing his homework. 短暂休息之后，他继续做作业。 After he finished his homework, he went on to read a newspaper. 在他完成作业之后，他继续去读报纸。 like doing sth 喜欢做某事（经常行为，或者做了已是事实的行为） like to do sth. 喜欢去做某事(个别行为，或将来的行为) 如， I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。 （经常行为） I don’t like to go to the park. 我不喜欢去这个公园。 （个别行为） I like being a teacher. 我喜欢当老师。 （做了已是事实，即说话人是老师） I like to be a teacher in the future. 我喜欢将来当老师。 （没做要做，即说话人不是老师。 ） stop doing sth. 停止做某事（停止正在做的事情） stop to do sth. 停下来去去做另一件事 如， When the teacher came in, all the students stopped talking. 当老师进来时，所有的学生都停止了说话， When the teacher came in, all the students stopped to talk with her.当老师进来时，所有的学生都停下来去 跟她说话。 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do 尽力去做某事 如， He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。 Please try doing it in another way. 请用另一种方式尝试做一下这件事。 Please try to do better next time.下次尽力做得更好些。 I’ll try to finish the task in two days. 我将尽力在两天内完成这个任务。 regret doing sth . 后悔做某事（为已经做过的事而感到）
regret to do 遗憾要做某事（此事没做） remember doing 记得做过某事 remember to do 记得要去做某事 forget doing 忘记做了某事 forget to do 忘记要去做某事 如， I remember meeting you somewhere in Changchun. 我记得在长春某处见过你。 （meet 这件事已做） I remember turning off the lights. Why are they still on? 我记得关了灯，为什么它们还开着？ Remember to bring you son here tomorrow. 记得明天带你儿子过来。 （bring 这件事没做） The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。 He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。 动词不定式作宾语补足语 doing 做补语有正在做之意，to do 做补语有去做之意， My mom wants me to eat more vegetables. 我妈妈想要我吃更多的蔬菜。 He kept me waiting for a long time. 他一直让我等了很长时间。 在主动语态中，感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch 等)和使役动词(make, have, let)要求接不带 to 的不定式做宾语补 足语，而在被动语态里，不定式要带上 to。但是在被动语态中需要把 to 拿出来。如， The boss often made the workers work 10 hours a day.这个老板经常强迫这些工作一天工作 10 小时。 The workers were made to work 10 hours a day. 这些工人被强迫一天工作 10 个小时。 I saw him enter the room yesterday. 我昨天看见他进了这个屋子。 He was seen to enter the room yesterday. 昨天他被看到进了这个屋子。 接 doing 时，主动语态和被动语态则正常。 I saw him playing on the playground at that time. 在那时我看见他正在操场上玩。 He was seen playing on the playground at that time. 在那时他被看到正在操场上玩。 究竟感官动词加 doing 还是加 to do 根据意思判断即可。有时只能用其一，有时都可以用但是意思不同。 ①如果有提示具体时刻的词汇如 at 6:00, at this time yesterday, at that time, when sb did something, look, listen, Don’t do sth. (同进行时的时间标志)则用 doing。如， I saw him playing with his classmates when I passed by.当我路过时，我看到他正在和他的同学们玩。 （表正在 做某事，强调那一时刻的动作） I heard him playing the piano at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我听到他正在弹钢琴。 ②如果有频率词 usually, often, every day, never, three times a week 等（同一般现在时的频率词）则用 do.如， I often see him play on the playground. 我经常看到他在操场上玩。 （表做、做了、做过某事，强调整件事或者
过程） He usually watches me do homework. 他通常看我做作业。 ③没有标志词的时候则通过翻译。 I saw him enter the room.我看到他进了房间。 如果换成 I saw him entering the room. 我看到他正在进入房间。则意思很奇怪。 done 作宾语补足语
初中阶段请掌握其中 have,get,make 的用法
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类： 1． 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如：see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think 等。 (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(过去分词 sung 的动作显然先于谓语动作 heard;) (2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。(过去分词 changed 的动作显然先于 谓语动作 found) 2． 表示"致使"意义的动词.如：have,make,get,keep,leave 等。 (1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 (4) My computer can not work now. I must have it repaired. 我的电脑有故障了，我必须让人修好它。 3． 表示思维活动的动词如 consider，know，think 等后。如： (1) I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 (2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中又受愚弄了。 4． 表示爱憎,意愿的动词如 want， wish， like， hate 等后。如： (1) I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 (2) He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。 (二)使役动词 have 接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 1． 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了) 2． 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如： He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。 (自己的经历) doing, to do 和 done 做补语的区别 have sb.do sth，have sb.doing sth.和 have sth. done ①have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事” ，have 可以用 let，make 代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且 强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 ②have sb.doing sth.意为“让某人做某事” ，have 可以用 keep 代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进 行的含义。 The two men had their lights burning all night long. 那两个人让灯通宵亮着。 ③have sth.done 意为“让某人做某事” ，即 ask sb.else to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身) 来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。 （have sth done 字面意思是使某人 被做，即让别人去做某事。 ） 动词不定式作状语 ①to do 做原因状语 be +形容词+不定式 表示原因， “因为……而……” 1） be glad to do sth.因为做某事而高兴 2） be happy to do sth. 因为做某事而高兴 3) be pleased to do sth. 因为做某事而高兴 4) be nice to do sth. 因为做某事而高兴 5) be sure to do sth.有把握去做某事 6） be sorry to do sth. 因为做某事而抱歉 ②to do 做目的状语. 1）work hard to do sth.努力工作为做某事 2）We still have a long way to go. 我们还有很长的路要走。 3）It’s a wonderful place to live. 是一个居住的好地方。 4）You must find a hance to go there. 你一定要找机会去那里。 5）People have to study and work hard to keep up with the quick development of modern society. 人们为了赶上现代社会的快速发展必须努力学习努力工作。 6）People wear thick coats to do outdoor activities. 人们穿厚的衣服去做户外运动。 7）Do everything to protect the environment. 做所有的事情就是为了保护环境。 doing 做状语 ①伴随状语 He came in singing a song. 他唱着歌走了进来。 Following Tom, they started to climb.他们跟着汤姆往上爬。 ②原因状语，相当于原因状语从句 Not knowing the way, he couldn’t go there.由于不知道路，他无法到那里去。 Being excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.因为激动她睡不着。 ③时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句 Hearing the news, we jumped with joy.听到这消息时我们高兴得跳了起来。 Turning around, he saw a tiger running up.他转过身时看到一只老虎跑了过来。 有时和 when, while, before, after 等表示时间的连词连用，我们可以理解成，连词加句子连词，加单词和词组则 看成介词，介词的性质是加名词代词动名词。 They got engaged when traveling in Europe.他们在欧洲旅游时订了婚。 His fingers trembled while doing so.他这样做时手指颤抖了一下。 Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Jim 当玩网球时伤了他的胳膊。 Be careful when crossing the road. 当你过马路时，请小心。 done 作状语 1． 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 原因状语
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 【注意】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写. 值得注意的是，有些过去分词因来 源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)。 (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 2． 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致； (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I,即 I 被再给一个小时。) (2)Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市， 城市显得更漂亮。 (seen 为 过去分词作状语，表"被看",由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市。) 3． 过去分词作状语相当于状语从句. (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨， 所以他全身湿透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为 过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 。If these seeds are grown in rich soil. 4． 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面 有逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感 动得热泪盈眶。 动词不定式的省略及其符号 to 的保留
初中阶段，请掌握蓝色字体部分。
省略动词不定式符号 to 后的动词部分的情况 1.一些表示心理活动,情感态度的动词或短语,如 expect \want \hope \wish \love \hate \decide \plan \mean \try \would like \be ready \be afraid \be glad 等后,动词不定式省略 to 后面的动词部分,但保留 to.例如: (1)-I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my dog? -Not at all .I'd be glad to. (2)-Will you go with me? -Well, I’d like to. (3)-Will you go home tomorrow? -No.I 'm going to a lecture, or at least I am planning to. 2.不定式作宾语补足语时,省略 to 后的动词部分,即用 to 代替整个不定式.例如: (1)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him not to. (2)You'd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to. 3.在一些情态动词或助动词 ought to \have to \used to \be able to 后.例如: (1)-Must I go now? -No.You don 't have to. (2)-Are you planning to see your grandfather? -No.But I ought to.
省略动词不定式符号 to 的情况 1.动词不定式作感官动词 feel \see \notice \watch \find \hear \listen to \observe 和使役动词 have \make \let 等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号 to 省略.如果这些动词用于被动语态,其后的动词不定式符号 to 不能省略(但 let 除外).例如: (1)We often hear him sing the song at home. (=He is often heard to sing the song at home.) (2)The y knew her very well. They had seen her grow up from childhood. (=They knew her very well. She was seen to grow up from childhood.) 注意: get 作"使,让,叫某人做某事"时,要用 get sb. to do s t h.结构.例如: Mother got Tom to buy a pack of sugar. 2.两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词 and \or \than \but 连接时,从第二个不定式起,往往省略不定式符号 to.但如 果强调对比之意时不省略.例如: (1)She’d like to take off her coat and have a break. (2)The students are taught to read, write and do many other things. (3)I t’s more difficult to do than to say. (强调语意前后对比) (4)The teacher came not to punish you but to help you. (强调语意前后对比) (5)I wondered whether to study or to work. (强调语意前后对比) 3.不定式作表语,用来解释主语或主语从句中 do 的精确含义时,可以省略动词不定式符号 to.例如: (1)The first things he did was go up to her trainer and thank her for all her help during her training. (2)What we want to do now is lie down and rest. (3)What a dictionary does is help the students to find out the meaning and the usage of new words. 4.在 why 或 why not 引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中.例如: (1)Why get so excited (2)Why quarrel with your mother (3)Why not join us, Tom 5.在一些类似情态动词词组 had better \would rather \had best \rather than \can't but \can't help but 等之后. 例如: (1)In China it is important to invest in education rather than increase personal wages. (2)Jack would rather read than talk. (3)You'd better put on more clothes, or you'll catch a bad cold. (4)She dares to go to the lonely island by herself.I can’t but admire her bravery. 6.在美国口语中,用在祈使语气中表示目的的动词 come \go \try \run 之后的动词不定式符号 to 可省略,也可不省略. 例如: (1)Come tell me if he arrives. (2)Go tell your mot her. (3)Run swim together. (4)Try open the door again.
(5)Try to open the door again. (不省略语气更强烈) 7.在一些固定短语中, make believe(假装) make do(凑合,设法对付) let slip(说出) leave go(放手) hear say(听说) let pass(忽略) let be(别打扰).例如: (1)The teacher didn’t let slip a word to us about the coming exam. (2)I’ve heard say that Mary was about to come. (3)The boy made believe that he was reading when his father entered. (4)Let him be. (5)Don’t leave go (of) the fish. 另外值得注意的几种情况: 1.need 作行为动词时,后面接带 to 的动词不定式;当 dare 作情态动词时,一般不用于肯定陈述句中;当 dare 作行为动 词时,其后既可接带 to 的动词不定式,也可接不带 to 的动词不定式.例如: (1)I dare to swim across the river. (2)He dares to say that to his father. (3)She doesn’t dare (to) answer her teacher’s question. (4)We need to finish the job before lunch. 2.关于动词 help 后接动词不定式的问题:一般说来,help 后既可接带 to 的动词不定式,也可接不带 to 的动词不定式 (在美国英语及非正式文体中多见不带 to).例如: (1)Would you like to help me (to) carry the luggage? (2)Help the baby (to) get up, Susan! 3.but \besides \except 作介词,后接动词不定式的情况:如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式,那么这些介 词后的不定式不带 to,反之则要带 to.例如: (1)She could do nothing but cry. (2)What do you like to do besides swim? (3)He has no choice but to leave. 4.当 like 或 want 在由 when \whenever \what \whatever \as \if 等引导的状语从句中时,其后往往省略整个动词 不定式.例如: (1)Come whenever you like. (2)Tom, don’t be nervous. Take whatever you want! (3)Do anything as you like. (4)You don’t have to come swimming if you don’t want.
to do，doing 和 done 的独立结构：
初中阶段掌握蓝色字体部分，其他部分了解
当 doing 或者 done 的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，使用独立结构，或叫独立主格。 to do 的独立结构 to do 的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧), to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。 doing 的独立结构 1. 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如： After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很 快离开了课室。 2. 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的 being（或 having been）不能省略： (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如： It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。 (2) 在 There being＋名词的结构中。如： There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。 3. 在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。 比较 with 的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如： The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。 比较动名词复合结构：The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised. 5. 独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如： The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。 Tom having been late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。 6. judging by /from(根据…判断), generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来), frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。 用作介词或连词的 considering(考虑到， 就…而言)和 given(考虑到)后接名词或 that 从句。 done 的独立结构： with +宾语+过去分词 此结构中，过去分词用作介词 with 的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间，方式，条件，原因等状语。 (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背 后。(表方式) (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(表条件) (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。(表原因) (4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。 (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
人教版英语非谓语动词经典例题含答案解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．I really don't know this question. It is too hard. A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我真的不知道如何回答这个问题。它太难了。which to answer回答 哪一个; how to answer怎么回答；what to answer回答什么;据It's too hard.可知此处指的是 这个问题太难，不知道如何回答，选B 2．To my surprise, Daniel's parents allowed him ___________ Shanghai Disneyland with me. A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. visits 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我吃惊的的，戴尔的父母允许他和我去上海迪士尼乐园。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，固定短语，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语allow sb. to do sth。 3．Our teacher often tells us in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：游泳是危险的。题目中的 tell（告诉）是谓语，句子在连接第二个 动词时，需要用 to 来连接，将其非谓语化，既不定式：to +动词原形。可以排除 A 和 D。 所以可以推断出老师是告诉我们不要去游泳。因此选择不定式的否定形式，故答案为B。 【点评】考查动词不定式，熟记固定搭配。 4．Nowadays,most people prefer to________ computer games rather than ___________ books. A. play；reading B. play；read C. playing; reading 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：现在，大部分人比起读书更喜欢玩电脑游戏。prefer to do A rather than do B比起B更喜欢做A。故答案为B。 【点评】考查动词prefer的用法，掌握固定搭配。 5．For more than once, our head teacher asks us ___________ the habit of keeping a diary. A. develop B. develops C. developing D. to develop 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：不止一次，我们的班主任叫我们养成记日记的习惯。ask sb to do sth叫某人做某事。故答案为D。 【点评】考查非谓语动词，牢记固定搭配。
一、选择题 1．We should try our best to prevent the air pollution________. A．from living a better life B．to live a better life C．live a better life D．lives a better life 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．—I didn't hear you come in just now. —That's good. We tried________any noise, for you were sleeping. A．not make B．not to make C．to make D．making 4．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 5．Look! There is a little cat ________ here and there on the floor. A．running B．run C．runs 6．She couldn’t help ________ when she heard the death of her grandmother. A．cry B．to cry C．crying D．to crying 7．—What do you think is the most important rule for a drive? —He or she must avoid_______ after drinking. A．driving B．no driving C．not to drive D．to drive 8．Young people enjoy ________ pop music. A．to listen to B．listen C．listening to D．to listen 9．We should do what we can _________ animals in danger. A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved 10．（2016天津中考）I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered me to watch an opera. A．took B．takes C．to take D．taking 11．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 12．I used to . But now I get used to doing everything. I’m successful at last. A．give up; keeping B．giving up; keeping C．giving up; keep D．give up; keep 13．We should do sports _________ us ________ fit. So I play basketball every day. A．to help; keep B．help; keeps C．help; keep D．to help; keeping 14．---I think you should stop ______ him in English. ---I see. He ca n’t understand English at all. Let me try in French.
非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用） Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ..分词起形容词作用） He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用) 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语） Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. （to have a talk.... 不定式作状语） 2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. （动词用单数第三人称形式） Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形） 非谓语动词的形式变化： 不定式主动被动 一般to write to be written 进行to be writing 完成to have written to have been written 完成进行to have been writing 现在分词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written 过去分词主动被动 一般written 动名词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written ●动词不定式： 动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。(主语,宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语) 1. 动词不定式作主语： To master a language is not an easy thing. To teach English is my favorite. It's my pleasure to help you. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。 It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 2. 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. What I wish is to learn English well.
人教版英语非谓语动词总复习经典例题、习题含答案解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．He can do what he can______ the children in his neighborhood. A. help B. to help C. helps 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：他会做他能做的去帮助他附近的孩子们。A. help动词原形；B. to help动词不定式；C. helps动词的第三人称单数。结合句意可知空格处表示目的，动词不定式表示目的。不要被情态动词can迷惑而加动词原形，实际上can 后面省略了动词do, 后面加动词不定式是表示目的，故选B。 2．We advise parents _____ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not leave B. not to leave C. leave D. to leave 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:为了使孩子远离危险，我们建议父母不要单独把孩子留在家里。advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事，动词不定式的否定形式就是在to前面加not故advise sb not to do sth建议某人不要做某事。结合句意，故选B 3．— Would you like to go swimming with me, Tom? — Sorry, but our teachers always tell us in the river. A. don't swim B. not swimming C. not to swim D. to not swim 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你愿意和我一起去游泳吗，汤姆？——对不起，但是我们的老师总是告诉我们不要在河里游泳。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案为C。 【点评】考查动词不定式。掌握固定搭配中的不定式的用法。 4．We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith. A. help B. to help C. helping 【答案】 B
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
最新初中英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案 一、非谓语动词 1．Our teacher often tells us in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：游泳是危险的。题目中的 tell（告诉）是谓语，句子在连接第二个动词时，需要用 to 来连接，将其非谓语化，既不定式：to +动词原形。可以排除 A 和 D。所以可以推断出老师是告诉我们不要去游泳。因此选择不定式的否定形式，故答案为B。【点评】考查动词不定式，熟记固定搭配。 2．My brother is a humorous young man. He often tells jokes to make us . A. laughing B. laugh C. to laugh 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我哥哥是应该幽默的年轻人，他经常讲笑话让我们笑。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事，省略to的动词不定式，应该是动词原形，故选B。 【点评】考查省略to的动词不定式。make sb do sth ,使某人做某事。 3．To keep children away from danger，we warn parents ________ children at home alone． A. leave B. to leave C. not leave D. not to leave 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】考查不定式短语．句意：为了让孩子们远离危险，我们警告家长不要把孩子单独留在家里．warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事．根据题干To keep children away from danger为了让孩子们远离危险，可知应说我们警告家长不要把孩子单独留在家里．故选D． 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个过程，故选C。 5．—In my opinion, animals shouldn't be kept for fun. — I think so. Forests are the best places for animals ______________. A. live B. living C. to live D. to live in 【答案】 D
高考英语非谓语动词解析版汇编含解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1． ______ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. A．Working out B．Worked out C．To work out D．Work out 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：为了解出那道数学难题，我已经向Russell 教授 咨询过好几次了。非谓语动词中只有不定式可作目的状语，题干中缺少目的状语，故选C。 【知识拓展】不定式在句子中可作什么状语？ 1) 目的状语。To?only to 仅( 仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) 如此??a以s 便to ??() 如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的， 要放在句子后面。如：What have I said to make you angry ？我说什么让您生气了？He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了房间什么也没找到。 3) 表原因。如：I'm sorry to hear your father is ill 听说你父亲病了很难过。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。 【名师点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2014 年四川卷第7 题相似—Good idea.To find more about it, visit this website. 这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词是高考的重要考点。一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词 不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，能够分辨出具体试题中的关系就可 以轻松解题。 2．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _____ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishing C．to distinguish D．to be distinguished 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth 是固定词组。The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong 在这个句子中， deal with 的宾语是trouble ，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble 这个词的定语从句。 考点：固定用法考查点评：对于固定用法，平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。 3．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _______ from the library
非谓语动词练习 1. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 3. The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 4. The old man, _____ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 5. You were silly not ________ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 6. Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 7. When flint ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 8. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 9. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 10. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 11. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
初中非谓语动词最全总结 1、动词： finish doing sth、完成做某事；enjoy doing sth、喜欢做某事；practice doing sth、练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth、避免做某事；consider doing sth、考虑做某事；suggest doing sth、建议做某事；mind doing sth、介意做某事； keep doing sth、持续做某事 allow 允许resist抵抗miss错过advise建议stand(忍受)risk冒险forgive escape admit 2、固定短语： feel like doing sth、喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth、忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth、花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing或have a good/great time doing做某事高兴prevent…from d oing阻止be busy doing忙着做help sb with doingkeep on持续 put off推迟feel like想要 3、介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)如：be good at doing sth、；thank you for doing sth、；give up doing sth、；stop sb、 from doing sth、；do well in doing sth、；be afraid of doing sth、；
高中非谓语动词练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ________ from the library A．to borrow B．borrowed C．to be borrowed D．borrowing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：怀特抬头给学生看一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。分析句子可知，这里需要非谓语动词修饰maps，因为maps和borrow是被动关系吗，所以用过去分词做定语，故选B。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party ______ next weekend. A．to be held B．being held C．held D．is to be held 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句子中已经有了谓语can't attend，故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。hold与party构成被动关系，但ABC答案均表被动。因此再根据时间状语next weekend可确定填不定式表将来，故选A。考查非谓语动词作定语时，要注意看与所修饰名词之间的关系，判断是主动还是被动。同时还要注意从时间上判定，不定式作定语表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。 4． He is thought ___foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. A．to act B． to have acted C． acting D．having acted 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句型“有人认为..已....”可用It is thought/ believed/ ...that sb have/has done...结
非谓语动词总结 一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况 1.动词：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事；practicedoingsth.练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考虑做某事；suggestdoingsth.建议做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoing sth.持续做某事 doing值得做某事；spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；havedifficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb.from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested indoing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to作介词的情况lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事； preferdoingsth.todoingsth与…相比较更喜欢…；pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doingsth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为…做贡献 二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1.动词：agree todo同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide todo决定去做某事；hopeto do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做；refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do 想要去做；want todo想要去做某事；learntodo学做；prefertodosth.喜欢（爱）做某事；sb.seemtodo sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth.想做……；used to do sth.过去常做某事 2.句型. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人去做某事 asked sb. (not) to do sth.叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词) 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English. 2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon. 5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus. 句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor. It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains. 句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的） It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. II.作宾语
非谓语动词经典练习题 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．What will you do if the people ______ at the back of the hall have trouble hearing the speech? A．sitting B．sit C．sat D．to sit 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果坐在大厅后排的人们听不清演讲你该怎么办？根据题干中谓语动词have trouble doing判断出前面填非谓语结构，“人们”和“坐”是主动关系， 故选A。 2．Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man ____ from around 2,300 B．C．A．dated B．dating C．dates D．to date 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的男子坟墓。date from表示“追溯到(某一时期)，始于(某一时期)”，a tomb of a man（男子的坟墓）与date from之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词短语作后置定语，若用句子表示二者之间的关系，可以说成A tomb of a man dates from around 2,300 B．C．故选B。 3．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party ______ next weekend. A．to be held B．being held C．held D．is to be held 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句子中已经有了谓语can't attend，故此处应填非谓语动词，首先排除D。hold与party构成被动关系，但ABC答案均表被动。因此再根据时间 状语next weekend可确定填不定式表将来，故选A。考查非谓语动词作定语时，要注意看与所修饰名词之间的关系，判断是主动还是被动。同时还要注意从时间上判定，不定式作定语表将来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 考点：考查非谓语动词作定语。 4．(天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A．being allowed B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
初中英语非谓语动词专题练习 1 A 1. - What about_______a rest? - OK!Let's go for a walk A.tohave B.had C.have D. having 2.My parents enjoy_______for a walk after supper. A.go B.goes C.to go D.going3.Please tell the students_______quiet in class. A.keep B.keeping C.to keep4.Goldilocks decided_______for a walk in the forest. A.go B.to go C.going D.goes5.Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs_______it every day. A.prac tise to speak B.to practise speaking C.practise speaking6.Colours can change our moods(情绪)and make us______happy or sad,energetic or sleepy. A feel B.to feel C. felt D.feeling 7.It took me two weeks_______reading the novels written by Guo Jingming. A finish B.to finish C. finishes D.finishing 8. - I've shown you all the interesting and important places of our school. - Thank you for_______so much time. A taking B.spending C. costing D.having 9. - Let me help you carry the box,Granny. - Thank you,Li Lei.It's very nice____ you____me.