英译汉练习精选
1.The most common characteristic of outstanding
success is “an extensive knowledge of the exact meaning of English words.” The extent of your vocabulary indicates the degree of your intelligence.
Your brain power will increase as you learn to know more words. The study of words is not merely something that has to do with literature. Words are your tools of thought. You can?t even think at all without words. Without words you could make no decisions and form no judgments whatsoever. And the more words you have at your command the deeper, clearer and more accurate will be your thinking. A command of vocabulary will give you assurance; build your self-confidence; lend color to your personality; increase your popularity. Your words are your personality. Your vocabulary is you.
(Wilfred Funk)
2.Words are explosive. Phrases are packed with TNT.
A simple word can destroy a friendship, land a large
order. The proper phrases in the mouths of clerks have quadrupled the sales of a department store.
The wrong words used by a campaign orator have lost an election. Words have changed the direction of history. Words can also change the direction of your life. They have often raised a man from mediocrity to success. If you consciously increase your vocabulary you will unconsciously raise yourself to a more important station in life, and the new and higher position you have won will, in turn, give you a better opportunity for further enriching your vocabulary. It is a beautiful and successful cycle. (Wilfred Funk)
3.Mastering a large number of words is essential to
achieving fluency in a foreign language. There are no short-cuts to a large vocabulary in English: you just have to rely on diligence and dedication. Of course you can figure out from the context the meanings of some new words you come across in your reading, but more often than not you have to look them up in a dictionary in order to be clear about their accurate meanings. A practicable way to pick up new words is, perhaps, to read a lot, preferably stories that you find interesting or exciting. It often pays to read the same book over and over again: each time you read it you will learn different new words, and the familiar context helps to fix them in your mind.
4.A successful argument gives evidence of some sort
for every important point. Evidence may include statistics, observations or testimony of experts, personal narratives, or other supporting proof. A
writer needs to convince readers by taking them from some initial position on an issue to the writer?s position, which readers will share if the argument succeeds. The only way to do this is to provide evidence that convinces readers that the position is
a right or true one. (from Perspectives on
Contemporary Issues, 2003)
5.Examples and illustrations are crucial to writing, no
matter what the primary purpose. Without examples, writing stays at the general or abstract level and leaves readers only vaguely understanding what a writer means. Examples make meaning clear and help make writing more interesting, livelier, and more engaging than in an essay without details.
Examples may be brief and numerous or extended and limited in number, and they may take the form of narratives. It would be difficult to find an effective piece of writing that does not use examples of some sort. (Ibid.)
6.Most composition instructors would probably agree
that students use too few examples in their writing.
Perhaps because of a lack of background in a subject, a student may rely on broad, general statements that are neither interesting nor convincing. If a student were always able to draw from his personal experience in writing, the tendency to generalize might be more easily overcome. But this is not always possible. When working with an unfamiliar subject, though, a resourceful student will explore the library to find background material and supporting examples for his paper. Using examples in a composition can be compared to presenting evidence in a courtroom.
Evidence serves to make a legal case more specific;
it helps to convince the jurors. Examples make a composition more specific; they add substance to the writer?s controlling idea. For example, if you are writing an expository paper about progress in the railroad industry, your examples might include the luxurious Italian train, the Settebello, connecting Milan and Rome; the 125-mile-per-hour Japanese train running on the Hokkaido Line from Tokyo to Osaka; and the extensive Trans-European Express trains which span the Continent. Examples such as these would lend force to your writing. (from American English Rhetoric by Robert G. Bander, 1978)
7.English is generally acknowledged to be the world?s
most important language. First, the number of native speaker of English is more than 300 million.
Second, the spread of English over most of the world as an international language is a unique
phenomenon in the world?s history: about 1500 million people—over a third of the world?s population—live in countries where English has some official status or is one of the native languages, if not the dominant native language. Third, English leads as the primary medium for 20th century science and technology. Finally, English is the language of the United States, whose gross domestic product in 1980 was more than double that of its nearest competitor, Japan.
8.The statistics of English are astonishing. Of all the
world?s languages (which now number some 2700), it is arguably the richest in vocabulary. The Oxford English Dictionary lists about 500,000 words; and a further half million technical and scientific terms remain uncatalogued.…Three-quarters of the world?s mail, and its telexes and cables, are in English. So are more than half the world?s technical and scientific periodicals. English is the medium for
80 percent of the information stored in the wo rld?s
computers. Nearly half of all business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It is the language of sport and glamour: the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe competition.
English is the official voice of the air, of the sea, and of Christianity. Five of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC, CBC) transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred million. (from The Story of English by Robert McCrum et al, 1986) 9.For the post-intermediate and advanced English
learners, it is advisable to use more of a monolingual dictionary. There are a number of advantages. Apart from the increase of exposure of English and avoidance of misunderstanding by translation, users have to think in English, understand meanings in terms of other English words, thus enlarging vocabulary and learn the precise meanings of words and usages through definitions and examples. Moreover, the effective use of a monolingual dictionary will give learners a sense of satisfaction and self-sufficiency and greater confidence in their ability to solve language problems.
10.T he human being may be called the animal with
language. Upon a little reflection, we can see that only by means of language can mankind create and transmit the body of concepts, attitudes, values, and skills that constitute civilization. Only by language can we carry the past with us, understand the present, and project the future. Only by language can we have a clear notion of ourselves as
individuals. “I think, therefore I am,” as the philosopher Descartes put it. And only by language can we forge the bonds of a society—a society as distinguished from some sort of instinctual hero or swarm.
11.A ll universities contribute to the prosperity and
success of their country. The also conserve the culture and legacy specific to their country?s civilization. But they do far more than that.
Knowledge is secure only when it is hard won by the independent tests of accurate, rational explorations. So when we teach our students skills, we also give them values. These are values for personal and civic conduct. On the other hand, these values underwrite the personal need for independent understanding which is the source of human creativity.
12.A good education should, among other things, train
you to think for yourself. The examination system does anything but that. What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorise. Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedom. Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. (L. G.
Alexander)
13.A ll the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have
delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books—but we must know how to avail ourselves of this treasure and how to get the most from it. The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books…Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author?s or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his. (Bennett Cerf)
14.M ost wedding customs are very old and come from
many different lands. Throwing old shoes or tying them to the bridal car goes back to ancient Egypt.
There the father handed the bride?s sandal to the groom, symbolizing a transfer of authority.
Throwing rice carries the wish that the couple will be blessed with children. Another widespread custom is for the bride to wear “something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue.” In ancient Israel the bride?s robe had a blue border signifying purity, fidelity, and love. Centuries ago in France the bride threw her garter, and the girl who caught it was believed to be the next bride. Today the bride throws her bouquet.
15.T he wedding ring represents a promise for eternal
and everlasting love. It is a representation of the promises joining both the bride and groom together.
The wedding ring is placed on the ring finger of the right hand because it was traditionally believed that this finger was a direct connection to the heart—the perfect place for a symbol, representing eternal love and commitment. The circular shape of the wedding ring has symbolized undying, unending love since the days of the early Egyptians. A primitive bride wore a ring of hemp or rushes, which had to be replaced often. Durable iron was used by the Romans to symbolize the permanence of marriage.
Today?s favorite is, of course, gold, because of its lasting qualities of beauty and purity.
16.C offee is a universal beverage that is served in
different ways around the world. In London, for example, some Englishmen dip mustard into their coffee, while in Denver, a person might add a dash of ketchup. Strips of orange and lemon peel, cloves and cinnamon sticks are not unusual additions to the brew in Europe. An Asian delight consists of coffee brewed in boiling sugar. Perhaps the richest cup of coffee can be enjoyed in Ireland where whiskey and whipped cream are important ingredients. In Australia a waitress will ask, “Do yo u want black or white?” Black is plain black coffee, but white is half coffee and half warm milk. If an Australian orders iced coffee, he will be served a cup of steaming coffee with a scoop of ice cream. It sounds like the Australian version of “a snowbal l in hell”.
17.A lthough Einstein (1879-1955) felt no need for
religious ritual and belonged to no formal religious group, he was the most religious man I have known.
He once said to me, “Ideas come from God,” and one could hear the reverence with which he pronounced the word. On the marble fireplace in the
mathematics building at Princeton University is carved, in the original German, what one might call his scientific credo: “God is subtle, but he is not malicious.” By this Einstein meant that scientists could expect to find their task difficult, but not hopeless.
18.N early 40 years after her death, Marilyn Monroe
(1926-1962) remains the world?s most famous blonde. Though she made just 30 movies in 15 years, she is the subject of more than 50 books, far more than any other screen star. And there has been no one like her—beautiful, sexual, and at the same time, vulnerable. This made her famous, and this brought her trouble. Even reaching amazing heights, Marilyn Monroe would find no lasting comfort or joy from either her career or her relationships. This was the tragedy of her brief life. We know the many sad details—the suicide attempts, drug addiction, the affairs and failed marriages, the damaging relationships. This is a story of a poor kid who made it in Hollywood and delightedly captured the world, who seemed to have it all but couldn?t find happiness.
19.W e often hear that computers are cold and inhuman,
but in fact many people are more comfortable with
a computer than with another person. Computers
are patient and do not judge the people who use them. Many students who would be embarrassed to show a teacher that they do not understand something are happy to ask a computer questions.
Some patients would rather explain their health problems to a computer than to a doctor. There is even a computer program which deals with psychological problems. The program has become popular because many people feel uncomfortable discussing such problems with another person.
20.T oday it can be said that wheels run America. The
four rubber tires of the automobile move America through work and play. Wheels spin, and people drive off to their jobs. Tires turn, and people shop for the week?s food at the big supermarket down the highway. Hubcaps whirl, and the whole family spend a day at the lake. Each year more wheels crowd the highways as ten million new cars roll out of the factories. One out of every six American works at assembling cars, driving trucks, building roads, or pumping gas. America without cars? It is unthinkable.
21.P eople think of the United States as a rich and
plentiful nation. It is, but it is not self-sufficient. Its reliance on foreign sources is made clear every day
in the year. Topping the list is oil. Most oil is imported from the Middle Eastern countries of Saudi Arabia and Iran. Or take sugar: cane sugar ranks high in value among imported foodstuffs. Or consider coffee. Coffee drinking could not be an American habit if imports from Venezuela and Brazil were cut off. Morning readers would not have their newspapers without printing ink. Much of that comes from Canada. The chief source of raw silk is Japan. A wristwatch may or may not be a Swiss watch, but the inner movements are probably imported. Ninety percent of them are.
22.I ndividual freedom is probably the most basic of all
the American values. Scholars and outside observers often call this value “individualism”, but many Americans use the word freedom. Perhaps the word is one of the most respected popular words in the United States today. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.
The desire to be free of controls was a basic value of the new nation in 1776, and it has continued to attract immigrants to this country. (from The American Way by E. N. Kearny, 1984)
23.I t is important to understand what most Americans
mean when they say they believe in equality of opportunity. They do not mean that every one is—or should be—equal. However, they do mean that each individual should have an equal chance for success. Americans see much of life as a race for success. For them, equality means that everyone should have an equal chance to enter the race and win. In other words, equality of opportunity may be thought of as an ethical rule. It helps ensure that the race for success is a fair one and that a person does not win just because he or she was born into a wealthy family, or lose because of race or religion.
This American concept of “fair play” is an important aspect of the belief in equality of opportunity. (Ibid.)
24.I f you are invited into a person?s home, there are
other questions to consider. For instance, what time should you arrive? If it is a social occasion, not a business one, it is not polite to arrive early. Your hostess will be preparing for you, and will be most embarrassed if you arrive before she is quite ready.
Ten minutes late is excellent. Half an hour late is excessive, and requires apologies. Then too, the British are rather particular about table manners.
The main thing is to sit up straight, copy everyone
else, gaily asking what to do if you are not sure, and keep the conversation going. What time should you leave? There are no rules, but it is most impolite to stay too late, as it implies a lack of consideration for your hosts. If it is simply an invitation to an evening meal and conversation, you will probably take your leave between ten and eleven o?clock. If you have been asked to stay for several days, you will conform as far as possible to the routine of the house, and your hostess will be very pleased if you give her a bunch of flowers, specially purchased, before you leave. If the invitation has been made purely to give you pleasure, a gift of money would be refused with some embarrassment.
25.G ifts are not the same as …tips?. The tipping system
is an evil in most European countries, and consists of a small extra payment made to certain employees.
In Britain it is confined chiefly to waiters and taxi-drivers, to whom you give an extra tenth or eighth of the price of the meal or fare. Hotel servants and railway porters, too, expects a small tip if they are of service to you. Apart from these special cases, gifts of money are given only cautiously. This is because the offer of money makes an act of kindness seem like a mean desire for gain. If a kindly act has actually involved expense, it is only right to offer reimbursement, but most British people feel that kindness itself can only be repaid with gratitude, not with money. Thus, you do not offer money to a driver who gives you a lift, or to someone who stops to help you to mend a puncture or to give you first aid, though if you felt sufficiently grateful you might buy the person some cigarettes or a drink or some other small gift. As for
a more important act like finding somebody a jo
b or
saving him from drowning—to expect money for doing something like that is almost unthinkable.
英译汉重点：Unit 1 (1) Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree. 力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。 (2) The stumbling block of assumed similarity is a “troublem,” as one English learner expressed it, not only for the foreigner but for the people in the host country with whom the international visitor comes into contact.正如一个学习英语的人所表达的那样，相似性的假设这个的绊脚石是一个“麻烦”，不仅仅是对于来访的外国人，就连这个外国人接触的东道国的人也都是个问题。 (3) They abstract whatever fits into their personal world of recognition and then interpret it through the frame of reference of their own culture. 他们只提取出那些适合他们认可的个人世界的东西，然后按照他们自身文化为参考系来加以解释。 (4) A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context. (2008 Paper A) 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。 (5) The confidence that goes with the myth of similarity is much more comfortable than the assumption of differences, the latter requiting tentative assumptions and behavior and a willingness to accept the anxiety of “not knowing.” (2009 Paper A)相信相似性的神话比设想存在差异更让人觉得舒服，因为后者要求试探性的设想和行为并且乐意接受由于“不知”而产生的焦虑。 Unit 3(1) The key to Crockpot stepfamilies is time and low heat. I’ve already stressed the importance of being patient with the integration process and not trying to force love, care, or togetherness. Often, in an attempt to quickly combine various ingredients such as people, rituals, and backgrounds, stepfamilies use the food processor, microwave, pressure cooker, and blender integration styles. 瓦罐煨汤式融合的继亲家庭的关键是温火慢炖。前文我已经强调了整合过程中有耐心，而不强迫关爱、强迫关心、强迫在一起的重要性。通常，为了快速的将诸如人，仪式和背景等原料合并一体，继亲家庭采用食品加工式，微波炉式，高压锅式和果汁机式的融合方式。 (2) Stepfamilies need time to adjust to new living conditions, new parenting styles, rules, and responsibilities. They need time to experience one another and develop trust, commitment, and a shared history. They need time to find a sense of belonging and an identity as a family unit. None of these things can be rushed. (2008 Paper A) 继亲家庭需要时间来适应新的居住环境，新的父母家教风格，规矩和责任。他们需要时间来相互体验，产生信任，形成忠诚，创造共同的历史。他们需要时间来寻找作为一个家庭的归属感和认同感。所有这些都不能操之过急。继亲家庭需要时间来适应新的居住条件，新的父母家教风格，规矩和责任。他们需要时间来寻找作为一个家庭的归属感和认同感。 (3) A watched pot never boils. 心急水不开。 (4) Meredith considered it her “down time” to relax and read a good book, Terry enjoyed playing with friends, while Joe mastered his latest computer game. Meredith会把闲暇时间当作者“工歇时间”，放松自己，读一本好书。Terry喜欢和朋友们一起玩，而Joe则精通又一种最新的电脑游戏。 (5) It is quite normal for a stepparent to have close bonds with one stepchild, be working on bonds with another, while experiencing a distant relationship with an older child. (2009 Paper A) 对继父或继母来说，和一个继子女有着亲密的关系，正在和另一个继子女建立关系，还和年纪较大的那个继子女有一定距离，这些都是很正常的。 Unit 4 (1) When economists first began to measure the sources of economic growth, what previously had been considered an unexplained residual became identified as human capital. 当经济学家开始测定经济发展的因素时，从前被认为是无法解释的剩余因素被决定为人力资本。 (2) The term “human capital” suggests to some a depersonalization of individual and is associated in the popular mind with a dehumanizing society that equates men with machines. “人力资本”这一术语让人觉得是剥夺人的个性，在公众的脑海里联想到将人与机器等同的异化社会。 (3) When we think about an appropriate investment strategy in China, and the development of its regions, it is very important to understand that optimizing over the full portfolio of investment—both human and physical capital—promote the highest rate of growth. 当我们思考在中国的适当投资策略以及各地区发展的时候，十分重要的是要知道，优化人力资本和实物资本投资组合将推动最高速度的发展。 (4) There are benefits to education that are not directly captured by individuals; these externalities are likely to be quite large in China.教育的收益有些并不是个人直接获得的，这些间接受益在中国很有可能是巨大的。 (5) It is important to evaluate government activity on a quantitative basis, to screen the bad investments from the good ones and to conduct policy on a factually informed basis. (2008 Paper A) 对政府的活动进行量化评估，剔除坏的投资保留好的投资，实事求是地执行政策，这是至关重要的。 (6) Labor markets are so distorted that wages do not reflect this true marginal contribution of educated labor to the economy. 劳动市场如此被扭曲，结果工资没有反映出受教育的劳动者对经济的真实的边际贡献。 (7) However, evidence indicates that the true rate of return to education and skill formation is very一high and that the imbalance is symptomatic of a serious distortion of current policy that retards economic development in China. (2009但是，事实表明教育和技术培养的实际回报率非常之高，而且这种（投资的）不平衡是当前政策严重扭曲的典型表现，而这（种不平衡的投资政策）阻碍了中国经济的发展。 Unit 5(1) The synergies between the goals of gender equity, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability are explored below in terms of addressing poverty, health, climate change, natural disasters and creating sustainable livelihoods by
situations. 【参考译文】 ①玩视频游戏鼓励孩子的即刻满足。 ②连续数小时看带有预录笑声的电视节目，只会使孩子以消极的方式处理信息。 ③同时，长时间通过耳机听节奏单调的音乐鼓励孩子待在自己封闭的天地里，而不是去做其他的尝试。 ④所有这些行为会阻止重要的交流与思考技能的提高，并且使孩子很难发展持久的注意力，而这将是未来他们从事的众多工作所需要的。 ⑤他们应该知道如何处理挫折、压力和不称职感。 ⑥他们还应该学习如何解决问题和化解冲突，学习开动脑筋和批判性思维的方法。 ⑦家庭讨论可以帮助孩子练习，并且帮助他们将这些技能应用到日常生活当中。 “搭配记忆法”对我们记忆单词、攻克翻译题有很大的帮助，但任何巧妙的方法都需要在长久的练习中熟能生巧，希望大家在以后的复习过程中，能按照这种方法把真题吃透，学英语贵在积累，三天打鱼两天晒网的学习方式要不得，只要坚持下去，终有一天，你的英语会变得很不一样！
【参考译文】 ①想要申请攻读博士学位的每一个学生都应该阅读一下这本精妙的、睿智的小书：《思想的市场：美国大学的改革和抗拒》。 ②然后他们可能会决定另觅他路。 ③因为在美国大学里已经发生了某种奇妙的事情，哈佛大学英语教授Louis Menand敏锐地捕捉到了这一点。 ④他关注的主要是人文学科：文学、语言、哲学等类似的学科。 ⑤这些都是要过时了的学科：现在美国大学的研究生中有22%的学生选择商务为自己的专业，与之相比只有2%的人主修历史专业，4%的学生主修英语专业。 “搭配记忆法”对我们记忆单词、攻克翻译题有很大的帮助，但任何巧妙的方法都需要在长久的练习中熟能生巧，希望大家在以后的复习过程中，能按照这种方法把真题吃透，学英语贵在积累，三天打鱼两天晒网的学习方式要不得，只要坚持下去，终有一天，你的英语会变得很不一样！
近年汉译英试题 2004年1月 考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其它学科，希望英语分数越高越好。许多人坚信成功地秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文，结果却发现此招不灵。他们为提高英语水平做出的努力很难得到回报。 参考译文： Those who take the entrance examination for graduate schools spend much (/far) more time on English than on other subjects, hoping for the highest possible scores of English. Many people are convinced that the secret to success is to attend training courses (/classes) and learn many sample writings by heart, only to find that doesn’t work. Their efforts to improving their English can’t pay off easily. 2004年6月 计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。它的神奇之处在于其运算速度和准确性优于人类。计算机能在几秒钟内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事。这是人类第一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。 参考译文： The computer is believed (/regarded /considered) to be the invention that has exerted the greatest influence on human lives in history. What is remarkable about it is that it can calculate with better speed and accuracy than man. The computer can finish in seconds what might have taken days decades ago. This is the first time that man has felt that his position (/status) as the highest species has been challenged. 2005年1月 人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国家不惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20前的10倍。 参考译文： People have become increasingly aware of the importance of developing environmentally friendly (pollution-free) products. For the sake of longstanding sustainable development, developed countries are to reduce
一至五单元翻译题 1.The sum of $20 is【due to you as a bonus】(是你应得的奖金). 2. He had just received a doctorate【in recognition of his contributions to psychology】(以表彰他为心理学作出的贡献). 3. Insurance is only valuable if it【serves a purpose】(达到一种目的). 4. Don’t worry, everything will be【attended to in due course 】(在适当的时候得到处理). 5. This problem should be discussed first, as it 【takes precedence over all the others】(比其他问题都重要). 6. Y ou’ve been promoted? This【calls for a celebration】(需要庆祝一下). 7. The scholar’s mind【thirsted for a few new books 】(渴望一些新书). 8. I am writing to you【with reference to the job opening in your department 】(有关你们部门的工作机会). 9.【Mary has a great diversity of interests】(玛丽有广泛的兴趣爱好), she like sports, travel, photography and making radio sets. 10. The banks have【committed themselves to boosting profits 】(承诺增加利润) by slashing costs. Paragraph One “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,”says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting ‘there’faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘there’is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Paragraph One The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high prices—no small concern in a country where tourisme gastronomique earned 18 billion euros in 2002, a quarter of all tourist revenues. More and more restaurateurs say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have become ensnarred in the red tape for which France is infamous—not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie. 最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭菜质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不是个小问题，要知道2002年美食旅游为法国创收180 亿欧元，占到全部旅游收入的1/4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。 Paragraph Two Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Y angtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake. 浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只
要善于恭维他人，重要的一步就是你要知道为什么恭维他人会有助于你建立良好的社会关系。恭维之所以奏效，最根本的原因是恭维符合了人类行为的一个基本原则：人们渴望得到赏识。尽管文化背景各不相同，但大多数人都有类似的想法。在亚洲文化中，人们对群体赏识的渴求要强于对个体赏识的渴求。但不管怎么样，人们渴望赏识是普遍存在的。 Be good at praising others, an important step is to understand that why compliments would help you establish much better relationships with others. The flattery works effectively because flattery accord with a fundamental principle of human beings' behaviour: people are eager to be appreciated. Majority of people have the similar ideas though they have different culture background. In Asian culture, the desire for group recognition is generally stronger than the desire for individual recognition. Nevertheless, the need for recognition is widely spread. 很多人认为，工作本身带来的乐趣要比外界赏识包括恭维更为重要。工作的乐趣也许是一种动力，但是即使那些从工作中得到极大乐趣的人们如科学家、技艺术家 摄影家也渴望得到恭维和认可，否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔奖或者在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。 Many person think that the fun brought by the work itself is more important than the external recognition including compliment. Maybe the fun of working is a impulse，but even the people who get numerous entertainment from their work ,such as scientists, artists and photographers ,wanna compliment and recognition. Otherwise, they would not compete for Noble Prizes or display their works in the important exhibitions. 恭维之所以奏效，还因为它与人们对认可的正常需要有关。尽管有一些关于恭维的书和文章问世，并对恭维进行极力地宣扬，但是大多数人还是没有得到应有的赏识。很多人无论在工作上或在家里都很少得到赞扬，所以对认可的渴望就变得更加强烈了。 The another reason why compliment works is that compliment relates to people's normal desire for recognition. Although some articles and books have been published ,and preach about it ,most people don't get enough compliment they deserve. Many people get little compliment either on work or at home, then the result is that people's desire for recognition becomes much more intense.
考研英语翻译技巧之英译汉 汉英互译一直是考研英语中的难点，小编整理英译汉中常涉及的难点提出一些建议，并以实际案例进行解析，帮助大家掌握英译汉的翻译技巧，快速掌握英译汉，为考研成功进行最后的冲刺。 难点 1.多为长难句 英译汉句子平均的单词量在30个左右，而且结构复杂，修饰成分多，考生很容易因没有理清句子结构而造成翻译得南辕北辙的现象。 2.需要联系上下文来理解词义 考研英语的英译汉是给你一篇文章，然后从中划出5个句子，因此就必须把词句的含义放到原文中来理解，切不可断章取义，有的词语翻译出来的意思与其本意可能会有不同，这正是英译汉要考察的要点之一。 建议 首先要拥有一定的单词量，背单词不能只知道其常用的意思，还应知道其作为其它属性或者完全与本意看似不相关的其他含义，这样才能在联系上下文翻译的时候对单词的含义做到触类旁通;其次，要有对长难句的“免疫”能力，可以在做阅读题的时候，把典型的复杂长难句记下来，试着划分句子结构，做到熟能生巧。最后，平时可以多看一些英文文章，培养一下语感，有助于对句子含义的整体把握。 真题解析 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)(2014年考研英语真题Part C) Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music。(46)It is also the reason why when we try to
Just as Adam was cast out of Eden, I was kicked out of university; but while his transgression was eating the fruit from the tree of knowledge, my sin was ignoring the tree. After my dismal performance in my first year of university, I contemplated the reasons for my failure. Now, I understand the two factors that contributed to my downfall: the lack of a career goal and premature independence. 正如亚当被逐出伊甸园，我被撵出了大学校门：亚当违反的戒律是偷吃了善恶之树的禁果，我的罪恶就是无视知识之树。在我大学第一年差劲表现之后，我仔细考虑自己被逐出大学的原因。现在我意识造成我被逐出校园的两个因素：缺乏职业目标和过早的独立。 Without a career goal, I lacked direction and motivation. About halfway through my final year of high school, I was hounded by my parents to enroll in university, but until that time had not given any thought to what career I wanted to pursue. To silence their nagging, I told them I wanted to be an engineer. Though I got high marks in math, physics, and chemistry, I was bored with them, and my dislike of the science became apparent in the first four months of university. I failed all my science courses. 没有职业目标，我缺乏方向和动机，大约在中学最后一年过了一半时，我被父母追逼着到大学注册，但直到那时候我还未考虑我想追求什么职业。为了让他们不再说我，我告诉他们我想当一名工程师。虽然我在数学、物理和化学上得了高分，但是我对这些课感到厌倦，接着在大学的最初四个月里我不喜欢这些理科课程变得明显了。所有的理科课程都不及格。B． (1) 当他向朋友借钱时，又一次遭到拒绝，顿时勃然大怒。(fury)When he went to borrow money from his friend and was refused again, he flew into fury. (2) 在这次战役中，除了偶尔的无线电联络之外，麦克同部队之间的其它联系都被切断了。 (cut off) Mike was cut off from all but occasional radio communications with his armies in the campaign. (3) 我们正在向前走着，看到一只兔子突然从洞里跳出来，穿过田野。(pop up) As we walked along，we saw a rabbit pop up from it's burrow and scurry across the field. (4) 有人认为对加拿大整个地区的独家经销商来说，三百架钢琴的年销售量未免太保守了。 (sole) Someone thinks the annual sale of 300 pianos for a sole distributorship in Canada is rather conservative. (5) 有人认为，要结婚就应结为终身伴侣；法律对离婚者太宽大了。(lenient) Some people think if people marry, it ought to be for life, the laws are altogether too lenient with divorcees. (6) 在头四圈里，本杰明一直与那名德国赛车手并驾齐驱。(stay abreast of)Over the first four laps, Benjamin stay ed abreast of the German driver. (7) 速度、耐力和战术是选手在比赛中夺冠的重要因素。(tactics) Speed, endurance and tactics are important factors in gaining the victory. (8) 一支球队能够在常年锦标赛中不断的蝉联冠军，关键是临场状态奇佳、合作无间、斗志 高昂。(morale) A soccer team that remains championship year after year must have kept up it's extraordinary performance with close coordination among its high-morale members. Unit 4 英译汉：The capital account is a record of investment and capital transactions between a
2016考研英语：“搭配记忆”法巧解英译汉 我们之前说过，复习考研英语要注重真题，在记忆词汇和练习阅读理解、翻译题的时候要结合真题做搭配记忆，并辅以相应的练习，下面我们就以真题为例，从中摘取出容易出现的考点，让2016的考生更深刻地领会“搭配记忆”法。 【相关真题】 ①The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.②Dr Simonsohn and Dr Gino discovered that their hunch was right. If the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that, then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points.③This might sound small, but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary. 【高频考点】 1.以800分为满分进行打分：be marked out of 800 points 2.X和Y共同决定：X be used in conjunction with Y to make a decision 3.是否录取某人：whether to accept someone 4.平均减少0.075分：drop by an average of 0.075 points 5.消除X所带来的影响：undo by an effects of X（Leon解词：undo=to try to remove the bad effects of something you have done） 【翻译练习】 ①The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMA T, a standardized exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. 结构提示：or GMA T, a standardized exam which is marked out of 800 points,作为the Graduate Management Admission Test的同位语。
英译汉的翻译： (1996) 科学研究的各个领域相对发展速度各不相同，其中有若干原因。（31）在这些原因中，有些纯属社会需求；另一些则是由于科学上某些特定发展在一定程度上自我加速而产生的必然结果。然而，有些产生发展速度差异的原因就不尽合理，仅是因为某些权威人士对科学理论究竟应采取何种形式有先入为主的想法，这些想法改变了不同学科领域的发展模式。这是一个新问题，虽然可以避免，但其趋势却令人担忧。（32）这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府要向其科研机构提出具体的要求通常是无法详尽预见的。然而，可以预见的是，往往会出现一些问题，要求有具体科学的解答。因此，把科研机构看作一种资源或一台机器，应维持其良好的运行状态，这种做法通常很有价值。（33）给某些与当前目标无关而将来则可能产生影响的科研予以支持，看来能够有效地解决这个问题。 与所有资助项目一样，这种资助需要确定合适的资金接受对象。根据某一项目是否具有效用做出决策直接明了。但是在若干没有直接效用的项目中，要做出抉择就困难得多。资助机构的目标是支持“好”的学科，而不资助“坏”的学科，这一点值得赞扬，然而要做出正确的抉择却很困难。人们往往将好学科与该学科是否能够提出一套完美的理论混淆起来。（34）然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。（35）同过去一样，将来必然出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。(1997) 动物有权利吗？人们通常这样提问。这像是一个实用且具创新的提问方式。（31）事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有一种共识为基础的，而这种共识并不存在。 诚然，根据对权利的一种看法，必然认为动物没有权利。（32）有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在于社会契约中，是责任与权益交换的一部分。因此动物不可能有权利。惩罚吃人的老虎的想法是荒谬的。同样，认为老虎有权利也是荒谬的。然而，这只是一种认识，而且是一种有争议的认识。这种认识不仅剥夺了动物的权利，而且也剥夺了某些人的权利，例如婴儿，这些还不会用大脑来思考问题的下一代。此外，谁也不清楚，对于从来就不同意契约的人来说，这项契约又具有多大约束力，如果有人说“我不喜欢这项契约”，那你又如何回答呢？ 问题的症结在于，如果对人的权利没有一致的看法，争论动物的权利是徒劳无益的。（33）这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅动物，要么完全冷漠无情。这是一种不真实的选择。这是一种错误的选择。最好以另一种更为根本性的提问开始：我们对待动物的方法是一个道德问题吗？ 许多人否认这种提法。（34）这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。任何关心动物疾苦的想法都是错误的，因为它把应该用来关心其他人的同情心错误地用到动物身上。 这种观点认为，折磨猴子从道义上讲无异于劈柴，这种看法似乎是大胆的“逻辑推理”。实际上，这种看法非常肤浅，因为其中心混乱到应该被摒弃的程度。道德推理的最初级形式，和学习爬行的理论一样，是把自身利益和他人利益加以权衡考虑。那么，这就需要同情心和想象力。没有这两点，就无法用道德观念来进行思考。看到动物受苦足以使大多数人产生同情感。（35）这种反应并不是错误，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应该得到鼓励，而不应该遭到嘲笑。 (1998) 迄今为止，科学家所发现的最大、最遥远的物体是：离地球大约150亿光年的一块狭长的巨大宇宙云系。（1）更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。那大约就是宇宙形成的时候。研究人员所发现的宇宙云既令人惊讶，又在人们的意料之中：美国国家航空航天局的Cobe号（宇宙