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英国美国政治制度英语作文English: The political systems of the United Kingdom and the United States have key differences that stem from their historical development and principles. The UK operates under a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, where the monarch is the head of state but the Prime Minister is the head of government. The US, on the other hand, is a federal republic with a presidential system, where the President is both the head of state and government. In the UK, Parliament consists of two houses - the House of Commons and the House of Lords - with the Prime Minister being the leader of the majority party in the Commons. In the US, Congress is divided into the House of Representatives and the Senate, with the President being elected independently from Congress. Additionally, the UK has a unitary system where power is centralized in Westminster, while the US has a federal system with power divided between the federal government and state governments. These differences in political systems lead to varying approaches to governance, decision-making, and checks and balances between branches of government.中文翻译: 英国和美国的政治制度有着根源于历史发展和原则的重要差异。
英国与美国的对比英文作文Title: A Comparative Analysis of the United Kingdom and the United States。
Introduction:The United Kingdom and the United States are two influential countries with rich histories, diverse cultures, and significant global impacts. While they share some similarities due to historical ties, they also exhibit distinct differences in various aspects such as politics, economy, society, and culture. In this essay, we will explore and compare these two nations, highlighting their unique characteristics and examining how they shape their respective identities on the global stage.Political Systems:The political systems of the United Kingdom and the United States differ significantly. The United Kingdomoperates under a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, where the monarch serves as the head of state, and the Prime Minister is the head of government. In contrast, the United States is a federal republic with a presidential system, where the President serves as both the head of state and government, elected through a separate process from the legislative branch.Economy:Both the United Kingdom and the United States boast robust and diversified economies, but they follow different models. The UK has a mixed-market economy with a strong emphasis on services, particularly finance, insurance, and professional services. On the other hand, the US has a capitalist market economy characterized by entrepreneurship, innovation, and a large industrial base, including technology, healthcare, and manufacturing sectors.Society and Culture:The societal and cultural landscapes of the UK and theUS reflect their historical backgrounds and geographical influences. The UK, comprising England, Scotland, Wales,and Northern Ireland, has a rich heritage marked by traditions, such as the monarchy, parliamentary system, and cultural exports like literature, music, and theater. Meanwhile, the US, known as the melting pot of cultures, prides itself on its diversity, individualism, and the American Dream, symbolizing opportunity and upward mobility.Education and Healthcare:Education and healthcare systems in the UK and the US illustrate contrasting approaches to social welfare. In the UK, education and healthcare are primarily provided by the government through public institutions, such as theNational Health Service (NHS) and state-funded schools. In contrast, the US relies heavily on private sector involvement in both education and healthcare, leading to variations in quality, accessibility, and affordability based on socio-economic factors.Foreign Policy:The foreign policies of the UK and the US reflect their global roles as influential actors in international affairs. Historically, the UK has pursued a policy of global engagement, maintaining close ties with its former colonies and playing a significant role in multinational organizations like the United Nations and NATO. Conversely, the US has adopted a more assertive approach, often characterized by interventionism, alliances, and the promotion of democratic values worldwide.Conclusion:In conclusion, while the United Kingdom and the United States share historical ties and common values such as democracy and rule of law, they exhibit distinctdifferences in their political systems, economies, societies, cultures, and foreign policies. Understanding these variations is essential for appreciating the complexities of international relations and the diverse tapestry of human civilization. As these two nations continue to navigate the challenges of the 21st century,their unique identities and contributions to the global community remain significant factors shaping the world order.。
中美差距英文作文英文：The gap between China and the United States is a complex issue that cannot be easily explained with a single factor. There are many factors that contribute to this gap, including economic, social, cultural, and political factors.One of the main reasons for the gap between China andthe United States is their different economic systems. The United States has a capitalist economy, which emphasizes individualism and competition, while China has a socialist market economy, which emphasizes cooperation and government intervention. This difference in economic systems has ledto different levels of economic development and wealth distribution in the two countries.Another factor that contributes to the gap is the difference in education systems. The United States has a more developed education system, which emphasizes criticalthinking, creativity, and innovation. In contrast, China's education system focuses more on rote memorization and standardized testing. This difference in education systems has led to a gap in the skills and knowledge of the two countries' workforces.Social and cultural factors also play a role in the gap between China and the United States. For example, the United States has a more diverse and multicultural society, which fosters creativity and innovation. In contrast, China has a more homogeneous society, which may limit creativity and innovation. Additionally, the two countries have different values and beliefs, which can affect their approach to issues such as human rights, democracy, and environmental protection.In terms of politics, the gap between China and the United States is also significant. China is a one-party state with a centralized government, while the United States is a democratic republic with a decentralized government. This difference in political systems has led to different levels of political stability and accountabilityin the two countries.Overall, the gap between China and the United States is a complex issue that cannot be easily explained. It is the result of many factors, including economic, social, cultural, and political factors.中文：中美差距是一个复杂的问题，不能用一个单一因素来解释。
相同点：These two capitalist countries were both regarded as the western democracy, whose powers were controlled by the bourgeoisies. They were two-party system and both have the cabinet. Both of them have the Parliament (Congress), which is the legislative organ of the country. They were both the three-tier countries.相同点：这两个资本主义国家都视为西方的民主，它的权力是由资产阶级控制。
他们是两个政党制度都有内阁。
它们都有议会（国会），这是国家的立法机关。
他们都是三级国家。
不同点：英国：British system of government is known as constitutional monarchy. The central government includes the Monarch, parliament, and the cabinet. The monarch who is the nation’s symbol reigns but not rules. He/She only does what parliament and cabinet want him/her to do. He/She whose appointment is hereditary reigns until he/she die. The prime minister who is the leader of the party in power is appointed by the monarch. He presides over the cabinet. Cabinet is the nation’s supreme executive organ and comes from the parliament. It is responsible to the parliament. Parliament is the nation’s supreme legislative organ. T he government is responsible to parliament and is checked by the parliament.英国：英国政府体系被称为君主立宪制。
英美政治体系比较（附有英文版）美国政治体系的利益：三权分立互相制衡。
美国政治体系弊端：权利和权力来自军工石油复合体简单就是钱驱动政治平衡英国政治体系利益：君主立宪司法独立英国政治体系弊端：效率和虚伪的等级封建残余（比如王室的象征性授予爵位人为驱动社会分级）并维护保守力量美国是典型的资本主义民主制国家，民主的价值观和原则在美国的政治制度和政治实践中主要体现为三权分立、代议制、政党政治、利益集团政治、新闻自由和公民权利等。
美国政府机构包括立法、行政、司法三个系统，每个系统起着各自的作用，同时又相互制约，它们是直接的政策制定者。
另外美国又是一个权力多元化的社会，各种社会力量如政党、利益集团、媒体同样参与政策制定。
表面上看来决策的效率不可能很高，但进一步分析和研究后发现，问题并不这么简单，（一）民主政治是政府合法性的基础“西方政治思想史描绘的是一套价值——正义、自由、平等和私有权神圣不可侵犯——的发展和阐发。
因此，人们一直关心在多大程度上制度促进这些被认为是政体之核心的价值。
”自由主义的基础是个人主义，个人主义强调个人的自由、个人的参与或个人的经济活动，认为个体的性质决定集体的性质，这种秩序规定了个人与国家、自由与强制的关系，规定了公共权威强制力的适用范围，也包含了规范个人与权威关系必不可少的法律结构。
（二）公共利益的界定批评美国民主政治决策效率低下的一个重要理由是它损害了公共利益。
在一些事关国家利益或全民族整体利益的重大问题上，需要政府及时而果断地作出决定时，决策效率低下的弊端显而易见。
然而，对决策效率的肯定有一个不可缺少的前提条件，即高效率作出的决策是正确的，是符合公共利益的。
（三）改革的渐进性效率主要针对的是某种政治制度满足政府基本功能的程度，一种社会制度的生存能力不仅取决于“民主”这样的价值判断因素，而且也取决于效率，价值判断与取向解决的是某种政治统治是否具有合法性的问题。
通过以上分析可以看出，在美国政治中民主和效率在有些时候和一定程度上是一对矛盾，但解决这一矛盾的方法不能靠取消民主制度来实现的，“消除民主弊端的办法是更多的民主。
中美大学生英语议论文语体正式程度对比分析的开题报告介绍：英语写作一直是大学生学习的重要课程，而不同语体下的英语写作对于大学生的学术能力和素质都有着重要的影响。
本文将从正式与非正式两个方面，对比分析中美大学生英语议论文语体的差异，以期深入研究语体的应用及对于大学生英语写作能力的影响。
一、正式语体对比1.1 英式正式语体英式正式语体强调准确、严谨，用词要求精确，语气冷静，使用形式复杂的句式和术语。
在示范性英语策略教学中，英式正式语体也会被认为是一种重要的写作风格。
在研究生的学术论文中，英式正式语体被普遍使用。
1.2 美式正式语体美式正式语体更注重文字简练，语言风格平易近人，句式相对简单，使用常用的术语，注重短语的运用而不是单词的堆砌。
二、非正式语体对比2.1 英式非正式语体英式非正式语体主张意境和情感表达，注重语言的生动形象，讲究幽默和夸张，语气温暖亲切，而有时又带有自嘲、讽刺和反讽等的口吻。
2.2 美式非正式语体美式非正式语体侧重于点明重点，表达直接明了，语言幽默而风趣，使用单纯的简单言语，呈现出大胆、自信、幽默的特点。
三、中美大学生英语议论文语体对比3.1 内容表现中美两国大学生在英语议论文中，主要在内容的选择、表现形式等方面存在较大的区别。
美国大学生在写作时，往往注重个性化和自我表达，因此多会对自己认为正确的论述进行反复强调，突出自己的观点，使文章更富有争议性和话题爆发力。
而中式写作更注重平衡与中庸，避免冲突和极端的看法，力求概括全面，让思想更严密和权威。
3.2 语言表现中美两国大学生在英语议论文的语言表现上也存在较大差异。
一方面，在非正式语体方面，美国大学生表达自由、灵活，语言多采用非正式的语汇和俚语，显得幽默而富有生活气息。
而中式写作注重准确、严谨，讲究格言式语言的运用，以平面化、平实化、平庸化的说法展现自身既明确又深刻的思想。
另一方面，在正式语体方面，中国大学生更加繁琐，注重词的精准，较少糅合口语化的表达方式。
The Most Suitable One Is the Best OneAbstract:Up to now, though the economic situation has improved, the U.S. is still under the shadow of financial crisis happened on September 15th, 2008. While, in China, the economic condition is also affected by the crisis, but it is little. What causes the different extent of interference between the two countries? The Wall Street in America being the economic center is a big factor, but we can’t ignore the most important factor behind it which is the political system.Crucial words:Political system, NPC, individualism, collectivism, separation of powers, dialecticallyMain text:In the U.S., its government has generally operated on laissez-faire and free-market principles of Scottish economist Adam Smith , whose 1776 book The Wealth of Nations shared the natural law philosophy in Tomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence. Agreeing with Smith that individual self-interest would promote the general welfare, its government has limited its intervention into business dealings, which, in turn, has given rise to entrepreneurship and an individual “pursuit of happiness”. Individualism is a strong belief of most Americans. A big factor forming the American philosophy of economy and politics, is the 200 years ofbasically stable government—the Civil War notwithstanding—and the creative tension between individual freedom and state responsibility. Influenced by the idea of individualism, as a result, the individual self worth is crucial to the philosophy of capitalism and to the workers who make the wealth. So, America takes the capitalist market economy system. Under such a kind of system, and the strong interventionist and regulationist role, which was played by the government form the Great Depression to the 1970’s—the Keynesian, has been criticized strongly. After that, the Neoliberalism thought is sought. Governmental trend has been towards deregulation. Because of this thought of economics and management, it caused a much less intervention into the economy, not enough promotion or protection from government, and excessive liberalism and individualism, the inevitable consequence comes out.Differently, our country China takes the socialist economic system. The most part of it is the public ownership. Not the limited interventionist in the U.S., Chinese government attaches importance to whole country’s interventionist and regulation, so our government takes measures which called Macro—control, which is a big invisible hand. Unlike the individualism and liberalism, Chinese values more about the collectivism and the sense of unity. Affected by this kind of thought, Chinese think the national and collective’s interest is much more important than personal interest. For the purpose of the whole nation’s interest, we Chinese are taught ready tosacrifice ourselves at any moment. However, it is not the same as American. They think more about themselves—more egoism. It is said that if the soldiers get through a war, the U.S. advocates when faced with danger, they should protect themselves rather than continuing fighting.The whole country’s individualism or collectivism can also be found in a very small phenomenon—the family value. In America, when children grow up, they move away from home and run their own independent life. What’s more, because of the high pension of general welfare, children grown-up don’t need to maintain their parents, so that they live away from them. Completely differently, Chinese law stipulates people have the maintenance obligations for their parents. As a result, most families in China live the children, parents, grandparents together. This contrary is a miniature of American and Chinese political system.The two completely different systems both have superiorities and inferiors. In China, the legislature, judiciary and executive are all made up of National People’s Congress (NPC). While the U.S. owns the independent parliament, independent court and independent president—called the separation of powers. Why does China persevere with the People’s Congress System instead of the separation of powers? I have to admit Chinese system is not as democratic as in the U.S., but being not democratic enough does not mean it is not a good system. Instead, the NPC is the most suitable system for present China. It is because that thegreatest feature of the large population base--1.3 billion people. If China should implement everyone’s democracy, the efficiency would step into an awfully low status, the funds would be spent too much, which would lead to the result that the interests of people can not be protected timely or effectively. So, if now China wants to adopt a new policy or elect a new leading member, under the NPC system, we will choose deputies from country sides, towns, counties, and cities who are elected by local common people, then the national, provincial deputies are elected indirectly by the low ranking deputies. These deputies are on behalf of the most common people’s fundamental interests considering the efficiency. Yet, just because of the number of deputies is small, it may lead to the co centralization of powers, and maybe some common people’s views will be ignored. In the contrast, the separation of powers in the U.S. realizes the decentralization of powers. So it can reduce the abuse of powers, to a certain extent, it is more democratic. However, that may lead to a big expense of efficiency sometimes at the price of ignoring or sacrificing common people’s interests. Take an easy example, supposing there is a big disaster happened, China would take quick actions as fast as possible, while the U.S.A would discuss with the consortium wasting much time, which may delay the best timing for rescuing. In the realization of common democracy, one of American dominance is the small number of population. Moreover, it is a nation of immigration, most American advocate freedomand individualism, so the democratic system is the inevitable consequence. In the opposite way, from the ancient age—for about 5,000 years of history, Chinese advocate more about the collectivism and the spirit of sacrificing himself all the time, so Chinese regard more seriously about the interests of the whole nation.In a word, by so many comparisons and contrasts, we can not judge arbitrarily which political system is wonderful or awful. Instead, we should treat and comment them dialectically. The system of government is the product of a whole country’s history, culture, values and morality, etc. So, let’s come to my conclusion: the most suitable political system is the best one for its nation.Reference:Contemporary American (second edition)—by Russell Duncan, Joseph Goddard.。
