中小企业如何进行绩效管理--规章制度 所谓绩效管理，是指各级管理者和员工为了达到组织目标共同参与的绩效计划制定、绩效辅导沟通、绩效考核评价、绩效结果应用、绩效目标提升的持续循环过程，绩效管理的目的是持续提升个人、部门和组织的绩效。 影响绩效的主要因素有员工技能、外部环境、内部条件以及激励效应。员工技能是指员工具备的核心能力，是内在的因素，经过培训和开发是可以提高的;外部环境是指组织和个人面临的不为组织所左右的因素，是客观因素，我们是完全不能控制的;内部条件是指组织和个人开展工作所需的各种资源，也是客观因素，在一定程度上我们能改变内部条件的制约;激励效应是指组织和个人为达成目标而工作的主动性、积极性，激励效应是主观因素。 绩效管理对于中国企业已经不是一个陌生的话题，从以年终分配为目的的绩效考核到以全面提升企业管理水平为目的的绩效管理，很多经营者都希望通过绩效考核能够提高企业整体绩效水平。而如何真正将绩效管理运用到企业的经营中，并起到战略牵引的作用，也是让很多管理者头痛的问题。在绩效管理的实施中，最常见的问题就是流于形式，实际工作没有深入下去，执行不到位，造成推行绩效考核的管理成本大于绩效水平提高的效果;或者绩效考核实施目标不明确，为了分配奖金而考核，大家挖空心思寻找考核的漏洞和可能的机会，而不是将关注点集中在绩效水平的提升上。这里就涉及到绩效考核的战略导向、实施目标和切入点等一系列需要前期明确和处理的问题，在此就中国中小型企业中可能存在的一些现象做研究分析与大家共享。 在绩效考核实际实施和操作过程中，不同企业之间或相同企业在不同阶段，企业具体的战略目标是大相径庭的，这就决定了推进和实施绩效考核的切入点和侧重点也不相同。如果仅仅根据绩效考核理论生搬硬套，多数情况会象一盘好看却不好吃的菜，让人大倒胃口，有时还会造成不同程度的负面影响。 对于中国多数的中小型企业，绩效考核并不是一步到位、在短时间内建立得非常完善、表面十分光鲜就可以解决问题的;而是要从实际出发，从梳理流程、规范管理入手，开始绩效管理的第一步，等到运行时机成熟、数据积累充分之后，再将绩效考核全面推进，做到每个阶段都有明确具体的目标，每个阶段的实施都能对绩效水平的提高产生较大作用。 一、中小企业的现状与现代管理理论的矛盾 以目前中国中小型企业为例，绩效考核的操作和实施并不是一蹙而就、一步到位，建立得非常完善就可以解决问题的。在很多关于绩效考核的介绍中，为大家提供了完备的建立和实施绩效考核的方法及步骤，而从绩效考核的实施操作来看，这相当于为大家提供了一个非常规范的范本，不过这个范本通常隐含了很多假设作为前提条件，比如一般都要求企业的各项规章制度比较完备、管理流程比较清晰，从而设置各种绩效指标将目标层层分解，把企业的战略目标宣灌到各个层级的各个岗位上，从而保持多数员工的工作目标与整体战略目标的一致性，最大限度调动员工的积极性和创造性达到绩效水平的整体提升。显然，是一个完美的设想，但是对于我们多数的中小企业是否真的可以在这个美丽的设想下，实现绩效水平的大幅提升呢? 目前对于很多企业，尤其是中国的中小型企业，多数是由原来几十人、甚至十几个人的小单位或小作坊发展壮大起来的，在改革开发的市场大潮中有勇气、有魄力，做出了一番事业，在多年的经营中积累了大量的经验和竞争优势;同时这些企业最容易出现的弊病就是管理体系的不规范与落后，尤其是相对与现代化企业制度和管理理论而言。 当然，这是一定时期，中国企业发展的历史造成的，从小作坊或小单位发展到几百人、几千人、几万人甚至更大的企业，他们都有过十分辉煌的历史，但原有的经营模式和管
英文文献及翻译 文献题目An Overview of Servlet and JSP Technology 文献作者Nagle ,Wiegley 题目翻译Servlet和JSP技术简述 参考人 院 (系) 专业班级 学号
1 A Servlet's Job Servlets are Java programs that run on Web or application servers, acting as a middle layer between requests coming from Web browsers or other HTTP clients and databases or applications on the HTTP server. Their job is to perform the following tasks, as illustrated in Figure 1-1. Figure 1-1Web middleware role 1.1 Read the explicit data sent by the client. The end user normally enters this data in an HTML form on a Web page. However, the data could also come from an applet or a custom HTTP client program. 1.2 Read the implicit HTTP request data sent by the browser. Figure 1-1 shows a single arrow going from the client to the Web server (the layer where servlets and JSP execute), but there are really two varieties of data: the explicit data that the end user enters in a form and the behind-the-scenes HTTP information. Both varieties are critical. The HTTP information includes cookies, information about media types and compression schemes the browser understands, and so on. 1.3 Generate the results. This process may require talking to a database, executing an RMI or EJB call, invoking a Web service, or computing the response directly. Your real data may be in a relational database. Fine. But your database probably doesn't speak HTTP or return results in HTML, so the Web browser can't talk directly to the database. Even if it could, for security reasons, you probably would not want it to. The same argument applies to most other applications.You need the Web middle layer to extract the results inside a document.
文献出处：Borkar S, Koranne S. Study of Service Quality Management in Hotel Industry [J]. Pacific Business Review International, 2014, 6(9): 21-25. 原文 Study of Service Quality Management in Hotel Industry Borkar; Sameer Abstract It is an attempt to understand the role of quality improvement process in hospitality industry and effectiveness in making it sustainable business enterprise. It is a survey of the presently adopted quality management tools which are making the hotels operations better focused and reliable and meet the customer expectations. Descriptive research design is used to know the parameters of service quality management in hospitality industry. Exploratory research design is undertaken to dig out the service quality management practices and its effectiveness. Data analysis is done and presented; hypothesis is tested against the collected data. Since the industry continuously tries to improve upon their services to meet the levels of customer satisfaction; Study presents tools for continuous improvement process and how it benefits all the stake holders. It can be inferred from the study that the hotel implement continuous improvement process and quality management tools to remain competitive in the market. The study involves hotels of highly competitive market with limited number of respondents. This limits the study to hotel industry and has scope of including other hospitality service providers as well. Keywords:Customer Satisfaction, Perception, Performance Measurement, Continuous, Improvement Process. Introduction It has brought paradigm shifts in the operations of hospitality industry. The overall perspective of the industry is changed due to introduction of new techniques
绩效考核制度 一、绩效管理制度 二、高层绩效考核表 三、中层绩效考核表 四、主管绩效考核表 五、基层绩效考核表
目录 第一章总则 第二章考核方法 第三章月度考核 第四章年度考核 第五章考核组织与申诉处理 第六章附则
第一章总则 第一条为提高珠联公司基础管理水平，建立科学的现代管理制度，充分调动员工的积极性和创造性，使员工紧紧围绕公司的发展目标，高效地完成工作任务，根据公司目前的实际情况，特制定本管理办法。 第二条适用范围 本办法适用于珠联公司全体员工。 第三条考核目的 1.通过目标逐级分解和考核，促进公司经营目标的实现； 2.通过考核合理计酬，提高员工的主观能动性； 3.通过绩效考核促进上下级沟通和各部门间的相互协作； 4.通过考核规范工作流程，提高公司的整体管理水平； 5.通过评价员工的工作绩效、态度、能力和素质，帮助员工提升自身工作水平和综合素质水平，从而有效提升公司的整体绩效和整体员工素质。 第四条考核原则 1.以提高员工绩效为导向； 2.定性考核与定量考核相结合； 3.多角度考核； 4.公平、公正、公开原则。 第五条考核用途 考核结果的用途主要体现在以下几个方面： 1、月度绩效奖金的发放； 2、年度绩效奖金的发放；
3、薪酬等级的调整； 4、岗位晋升及调整； 5、员工培训安排； 6、先进评比 具体实施方法参照《珠联公司薪资管理制度》 第二章考核方法 第六条考核周期 考核分为月度考核和年度考核。月度考核于每月的1-10日内完成上月的考核，年度考核于次年元月25日前完成。 第七条月度绩效考核 （一）绩效是指被考核人员所取得的工作成果，考核员工本职工作任务完成的情况，包括每个岗位的岗位职责指标和公司年度任务分解到部门及岗位的指标。 （二）月度考核的考核工具为绩效考核表格，各岗位均有岗位相对应的绩效考核表格。 第八条考核维度（即所占比例） 考核维度是考核对象考核的不同角度和不同方面，包括业绩维度、行为维度。 （一）业绩维度：业绩指被考核人员所取得的工作成果，考核范围包括每个岗位的岗位职责指标、任务目标完成情况、对下属的管理和工作指导的绩效。 （二）行为维度：即品行考核，对被考核人员的品行考核，考核范围为对岗位任职者在工作过程中表现出来的行为情况的考核。
绩效管理外文翻译外文文献中英翻译____________________________________________________________________ ________________________ Performance management-how to appraise employee performance Abstract Performance appraisal is an important content of human resource management in modern enterprises. According to the problems existing at the present stage Chinese enterprise performance evaluation, put forward the improvement measures to improve the performance appraisal. Performance management is the responsibility between managers and employees and improve the communication performance of the ongoing. The partners should understand why they become partners, thereby supporting the work. Performance evaluation is a part of performance management, do not confuse the two Introduction Challenges of performance management Reasons to avoid performance management: Manager: reports and program has no meaning; no time; afraid of conflict; feedback and observation. (performance management, prevent problems in investment in time, ensure the managers have the time to do the thing you should do staff: bad experience; what was about to happen no bottom; do not understand the significance of performance management; don't like received criticism. Criterion two, performance management, organizational success: 1 Factors: coordination among units means,
互利共赢的供应商质量控制 前言 近年来，随着对供应链的重视，供应商管理正逐渐成为企业和学术界的关注对象，IS0９000族标准以及QS 9０00标准都对供应商的管理提出了相应的要求，与供应商管理有关的研究成果正逐渐增多，一些软件巨头也推出了供应商关系管理的软件，但是在这些研究成果和应用软件中，涉及到的供应商质量控制的内容只是一些最基本的要求，而供应商质量控制恰恰是供应商管理的最基本、最重要的内容。另一方而，质量管理界对质量控制的研究取得了大量的成果，遗憾的是这些成果大多依然局限于企业的内部控制，仅仅研究从企业内部各环节如何改善产品的质量，而基于供应链的角度来研究质量控制的成果尚不多见。因此，系统地研究经济全球化形势下供应商质量控制的理论与方法，将有助于推动我国企业产品质量的快速提高和供应链竞争优势的形成与巩固。 1、质量与企业共存 质量一直是一个随着时代的变化而不断变化的概念,人们对质量的认识也往往因关注点不同而有所不同。如，早在1908年，通用汽车公司的工程师们在皇家汽车俱乐部会员们的面前拆解了3辆凯迪拉克轿车，并把这些零件混在一起,而后从中选择零件重新组装成车，然后驾车绝尘而去。这令在场的会员极为震惊，认为凯迪拉克车质量之高令人惊叹。显然在当时，汽车零件具有互换性是一种了不起的质量特性,这也是福特公司的Ｎ型车和T型车取得辉煌成功的重要原因.时至今日，即使农用三轮车的零部件也具有极高的互换性，零部件的标准化和互换性已经是理所当然的事情，不再是吸引顾客的重要质量特性.可见质量的内涵是不断变化的.那么究竟什么是质量呢？ （１)市场竟争就是企业间对“顾客”的争夺，在日益激烈的“顾客"争夺战中，质量、价格、交付（交付日期、方式和手段）和服务是企业常用的四个法宝，其中质量是根本，离开质量其他三项将变得毫无意义，因此可以说质量己成为市场竞争的焦点.它反映了产品是否能够反映顾客需求、能否满足顾客需求，从面决定了产品的市场前途。有鉴于此，质量己成为一项全球性运动,世界上所有优秀企业无一不把质量作为企业战略的关键内容，从战略的角度来规划质量。 （2）对于企业经营者来说,认识到质量对企业的重要意义只是经营企业的第一步,重要的是如何利用科学的方法来保证产品和服务的质量，使顾客满意，来保证过程和工作的质量来获互利共炭的供应商质量控制得良好的业绩。 众所周知,企业管理是社会生产力发展到一定程度的历史产物,质量管理作为企业管理的组成部分,同样也是社会发展的客观要求，特别是顾客处于主导地位的今天,要使顾客满意，就必须有过硬的产品质量和服务质量，这就要求企业积极推行先进的质量管理理论与方法，不断进行质量管理创新. ２、企业与供应商质量控制 随着生产社会化的不断发展，企业的生产活动分工越来越细,专业化程度越来越强，促使生产技术水平越来越高,产品质量得到大幅度改善。通常，某一产品不可能由一个企业从最初的原材料开始加工直至形成顾客最终使用的产品，往往是通过多个企业分工协作来完成.另外，先进生产方式的广泛应用,如准时生产、敏捷制造、零库存等，使企业与供应商的关系愈加紧密，企业与供应商的关系也由单纯的买卖关系向互利共底的合作关系演变。 ISO 900０族标准自1987年诞生以来受到了世界各国的一致追捧,全球约５0多万家企业通过ISO90０1质量管理体系认证足以说明这套管理标准在引领国际管理潮流方面的巨大成功。在备受企业欢迎的新版标准ＩSO9000：2０00中，互利的供应商关系被作为八项质量管理原则之一，充分体现了供应商关系管理在企业经营实践中的作用和价值。企业要贯彻这一原则,就必须
外文文献原稿和译文 原稿 Performance management - how to appraise employee performance Abstract Performance appraisal is an important content of human resource management in modern enterprises. According to the problems existing at the present stage Chinese enterprise performance evaluation, put forward the improvement measures to improve the performance appraisal. Performance management is the responsibility between managers and employees and improve the communication performance of the ongoing. The partners should understand why they become partners, thereby supporting the work. Performance evaluation is a part of performance management, do not confuse the two Introduction Challenges of performance management Reasons to avoid performance management: Manager: reports and program has no meaning; no time; afraid of conflict; feedback and observation. (performance management, prevent problems in investment in time, ensure the managers have the time to do the thing you should do staff: bad experience; what was about to happen no bottom; do not understand the significance of performance management; don't like received criticism. Criterion two, performance management, organizational success: 1 Factors: coordination among units means, towards a common goal; problem, find the problems, find problems or prevent problems; obey the law, be protected
首先，画一下我们通常讲研发管理的范畴：确定如何立项，如何确定产品目标，如何把控项目进度，如何驱动产品一代代完善以及如何调动团队积极性等。 在时间周期上来说，我们归纳为5个关键步骤：选方向、定目标、控进度、带团队和排干扰。相配套的，则是在这五个关键步骤的一些流程和工具的使用。 一、高效研发的5个关键步骤 第一步：立项——定方向 在豌豆荚的整个研发过程中，立项称为ProductBrief或者Project Brief。团队的产品经理会撰写一个1－2页的文档，然后和执行团队进行评审，如果评审通过，立项就成功了。文档一般包含会包含以下内容： 1. 愿景：一句话表达清楚要做什么； 2. 分析市场机会和趋势，决定当前策略； 3. 确定目标用户的特征和核心需求； 4. 现存的解决方案和各自的优劣势； 5. 该项目对豌豆荚的利益点；如果不做该项目，哪些竞争对手会做，对竞争对手的利益点； 6. 需要哪些技术的支持和驱动，哪些技术是豌豆荚的弱项； 7. 人力需求； 8. 项目的紧急程度，是否需要快速推进； 9. 发布策略； 10.核心衡量指标，用来衡量成功的指标。 第二步，OKR 体系——定目标 对一个项目来说，设定目标是非常重要的，因为这决定了如何去做，以及能做到何种程度。豌豆荚采纳的目标管理是从 Google 引进的 OKR 体系（Objectives& Key Results，目标与关键成果），这跟传统的 KPI（Key Performance Indicator，关键绩效考核）稍微有些区别： 1. OKR 首先是沟通工具：豌豆荚共有 300 多人，每个人都要写 OKR。为了便于沟通，所有这些OKR都会放在一个文档里。任何员工都可以看到 CEO 的这个季度最重要的目标是
关于企业质量管理文献综述 摘要：随着新世纪的到来，特别是我国加入WTO后，中国将进一步融入世界经济的主流，质量将成为我国广大企业抓住机遇、迎接严峻挑战的关键。要拓展海外市场，必须靠有竞争力的质量；要保护国内的市场，不再有高关税和政府的过渡保护，也要靠质量的较量。随着科学技术的进步，质量管理的理论和方法有了更大发展。本文综合了质量管理的发展历程，并简要评价，提出看法，以便为企业的质量管理和理论研究提供参考。 关键词：质量管理、管理改进 21世纪是质量的世纪”。随着经济全球化和信息革命的迅猛发展，竞争日益加剧。在“数量”问题已解决的今天，人们将越来越追求和依赖于高质量的产品和服务，而且质量的领域不断拓宽，生活的质量、环境的质量、文化的质量、经济增长的质量更加受到全社会的关注。质量已成为竞争的焦点，不仅关系到企业的生存发展，而且影响到国家经济实力的增强和民族的形象。质量已成为全球经济发展战略的核心问题。 一、质量管理理论的回顾 （一）、质量管理的发展阶段 （1）质量检验阶段（20世纪20-30年代） 生产力迅猛发展，生产过程分工细化、日益复杂，许多美国企业按照泰勒的管理模式，纷纷设立检验部门，使检验与生产分离开来，其最大特点为“事后把关”。（2）统计质量阶段（20世纪40-50年代） 早在20世纪20年代，美国贝尔实验室工程师休哈特就提出“控制与预防缺陷”的概念。主要是利用数理统计原理，预防产生废品并检验产品质量，在方式上由专业质量控制工程师和技术人员承担。但这种方法只是保证生产过程中的产品质量，而不能提高产品本身的质量。 （3）全面质量管理阶段（20世纪60年代至今） 美国的费根堡姆提出，“全面质量是为了能够在最经济的水平上，并考虑到充分满足顾客要求的条件下进行生产和提供服务，将企业各部门研制质量、维持质量和提高质量的活动构成为一体的一种有效体系”。 （二）、质量管理的理论流派 1、事后检验 20世纪，美国工程师泰勒提出“科学管理理论”，1911 年泰勒出版了专
外文文献翻译译文 一、外文原文 Corporate Performance Management Abstract Two of the most important duties of a chief executive officer are (1) to formulate strategy and (2) to manage his company’s performance. In this article we examine the second of these tasks and discuss how corporate performance should be modeled and managed. We begin by considering the environment in which a company operates, which includes, besides outside stakeholders, the industry it belongs and the market it supplies, and then proceed to explain how the functioning of a company can be understood by an examination of its business, operational and performance management models. Next we describe the structure recommended by the authors for a corporate planning, control and evaluation system, the most important part of a corporate performance management system. The core component of the planning system is the corporate performance evaluation model, the structure of which is mapped into the planning system’s database, simulation models and budgeting tools’ structures, and also used to shape information contained in the system’s products, besides being the nucleus of the language used by the system’s agents to talk about corporate performance. The ontology of planning, the guiding principles of corporate planning and the history of ”MADE”, the corporate performance management system discussed in this article, are reviewed next, before we proceed to discuss in detail the structural components of the corporate planning and control system introduced before. We conclude the article by listing the main steps which should be followed when implementing a performance planning, control and evaluation system for a company. 1.Introduction Two of the most important corporate tasks for which a chief executive officer is p rimarily responsible are (1) to formulate strategy and (2) to manage the company’s performance. In this article we examine the second of these tasks and discuss how
企业如何认识和做好绩效管理 随着集团绩效考评体系一系列举措的出台，同事们开始关注绩效管理，集团领导更是亲力亲为参与绩效考评办法的审定及各项配套体系建设工作。那么，何谓绩效管理？让我们大家一起来回顾这个既古老又新颖的概念，更让我们用睿智的思维去评判我们这个大家庭该如何做好这项管理工作。 什么是绩效管理 1、绩效管理的含义 所谓绩效管理，是指各级管理者和员工为了达到组织目标共同参与的绩效计划制定、绩效辅导沟通、绩效考评评价、绩效结果应用、绩效目标提升的持续循环过程，绩效管理的目的是持续提升个人、部门和组织的绩效。 对于绩效管理的含义，可以从以下三个方面进行理解： （1）绩效管理是一个过程 绩效管理是一个包含若干环节的系统，融入于我们工作的每一天，通过该系统的运行来实现企业的管理目的。绩效管理不但关注结果，更关注管理每一个环节，它是一个过程。 （2）绩效管理注重持续沟通 绩效管理特别强调通过沟通辅导实现员工能力的提高，进而实现绩效改进的目的。绩效管理不是迫使员工工作的“大棒”，也不是引诱员工工作的“胡萝”，而是以人本思想为指导的组织——员工双赢策略。各级管理者都要参与到绩效管理的过程中来，各种方式的沟通辅导贯穿于整个绩效管理系统之中，管理者与员工通过这一平台相互理解、彼此促进。（3）绩效管理的最终目的在于绩效改进 绩效管理旨在通过绩效评价促使员工持续改进工作绩效，评是手段，改进才是最终目的。组织在对员工制定的绩效计划进行跟踪考评，以绩效沟通贯穿全程，通过辅导员工持续改进绩效，从而实现组织战略目标和培育组织核心竞争力。 2、绩效管理的作用 （1）绩效管理能有效推进企业战略目标实施 企业的战略目标逐年以年度目标形式分解为部门目标，再将员工个人目
绩效考核外文文献及翻译 外文文献 1.Performance appraisals - purpose and how to make it easier Performance appraisals are essential for the effective management and evaluation of staff. Appraisals help develop individuals, improve organizational performance, and feed into business planning. Formal performance appraisals are generally conducted annually for all staff in the organization. His or her line manager appraises each staff member. Directors are appraised by the CEO, who is appraised by the chairman or company owners, depending on the size and structure of the organization. Annual performance appraisals enable management and monitoring of standards, agreeing expectations and objectives, and delegation of responsibilities and tasks. Staff performance appraisals also establish individual training needs and enable organizational training needs analysis and planning. Performance appraisals also typically feed into organizational annual pay and grading reviews, which commonly also coincide with the business planning for the next trading year. Performance appraisals generally review each individual's performance against objectives and standards for the trading year, agreed at the previous appraisal meeting. Performance appraisals are also essential for career and succession planning - for individuals, crucial jobs, and for the organization as a whole. Performance appraisals are important for staff motivation, attitude and behavior development, communicating and aligning individual and organizational aims, and fostering positive relationships between management and staff. Performance appraisals provide a formal, recorded, regular review of an individual's performance, and a plan for future development. Job performance appraisals - in whatever form they take - are therefore vital for managing the performance of people and organizations. Managers and appraises commonly dislike appraisals and try to avoid them. To these people the appraisal is daunting and time-consuming. The process is seen as a difficult administrative chore and emotionally challenging. The annual appraisal is maybe the only time since last year that the two people have sat down together for a meaningful one-to-one discussion. No wonder then that appraisals are stressful - which then defeats the whole purpose. Appraisals are much easier, and especially more relaxed, if the boss meets each of the team members individually and regularly for one-to-one discussion throughout the year. Meaningful regular discussion about work, career, aims, progress, development, hopes and dreams, life, the universe, the TV, common interests, etc., whatever, makes appraisals so much easier because people then know and trust each other - which reduces all the stress and the uncertainty. Put off discussions and of course they loom very large. So don't wait for the annual appraisal to sit down and talk. The boss or the appraises can instigate this. If you are an employee with a shy boss, then take the lead. If you are a boss who rarely sits down and talks with people - or whose people are not used to talking with their boss - then set about relaxing the atmosphere and improving relationships. Appraisals (and work) all tend to be easier when people communicate well and know each other. So sit down together and talk as often as you can, and then when the actual formal appraisals are due everyone will find the whole process to be far more natural, quick, and easy - and a lot more productive too. 2.Appraisals, social responsibility and whole-person development There is increasingly a need for performance appraisals of staff and especially managers, directors and CEO's, to include accountabilities relating to corporate responsibility, represented by various converging corporate responsibility concepts including: the “Triple Bottom Line”; c orporate social responsibility (CSR); Sustainability; corporate integrity and ethics; Fair Trade, etc. The organization must decide the extent to which these accountabilities are reflected in job responsibilities, which would then