动词不定式在句子中的功能
山东省日照市东港区南湖中心初中刘锐276817
rzliurui@https://www.doczj.com/doc/de17095029.html, rzliurui2010@https://www.doczj.com/doc/de17095029.html,
动词不定式的用法在初中教科书中作过小结，本单元进一步介绍它在句子中可
担任哪些成分。不定式作为英语非谓语动词中的一种，兼有类似于名词、形容词和
副词的功能，同时也保留着动词的性能，所以可在句子中担任多种成分：1）主语：To serve the people is my wish.
To learn from each other is important.
To get there took five hours.
不定式作句子的主语时，常用形式主语it引出：上几句可改为
It is a pleasure to meet you.
It is important to learn from each other.
It took five hours to get there.
It is necessary to use a short-wave radio. (=To use a short-wave radio
is necessary.) 使用一台短波收音机是必要的。
It is not difficult to find out information about the programme. (=To find
out information about the programme is not difficult.)
查询有关节目的情况并不难。
It is necessary to ask her for help. (=To ask her for help is necessary.)
要求她帮忙是必要的。
It is our duty to help poor people. (To help poor people is our duty.) 帮助穷人是我们的责任。
通过以上例句，我们可以归纳以下三点：
a)it在句中是形式主语，而真正的主语是句子后部的不定式或不定式短语（to
do sth.）。
b)当这个不定式很短的时候，可以把这个不定式放在主语的位置，而无需借助
于形式主语。如：
It is easy to do, but it is difficult to understand. =To do is easy, but to understand is difficult. 知难行易。
c)但是，如果做主语的不定式短语较长，则通常采用形式主语it，而真正的
主语置于句尾，以避免“头重脚轻”的现象。
2）宾语：They don’t like to be too close to one another.
I don’t know what to do.
He can’t tell how to get to the station.
不定式常在下述及物动词后面作宾语：want, wish, hope, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, attempt, decide, learn, agree, choose, determine, expect等。在help后
面做宾语时，动词不定式可以不带to：
I think I can help (to) write two chapters.
当不定式后面还有宾语补语时，常用形式宾语it引出不定式：
They found it impossible to get ready in time. (impossible是宾语补语)
3）宾语补语：Would you like me to do something for you?
不定式常在下述及物动词后面作宾语补语：ask, tell, invite, force, beg, get, wish,
want, hate, prefer, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, instruct, permit, remind, request, order, command, warn, cause等。此外，在某些动词后面，用不带to的不定式作宾语补语：make, have, let, see, hear, watch, notice, feel等。例如：
They made him work twelve hours a day.
I heard her enter the next room.
I asked her to come out with me for the evening.
She wanted me to call her at six. 他让我六点钟打电话给他。
Tell him to wait. 教他瞪着
Let me try. 让我试试。
Did you see him go out. 你看见他出去了吗？
Two policemen helped Mr Brown (to) get out. 两个警察帮助布朗先生下车。
4）状语：They will move back to keep a certain distance away.
不定式可作多种状语，例如：
目的：He came to help us. 他来帮组我们。
I sat in the front row in order / so as to see well.我站在前排以便看的跟好。
Sometimes Susan goes home to lunch. 有时苏珊回家吃午饭。
结果：I arrived at the station only to find the train had left.
我到达车站发现车已经离开了。
He is old enough to dress himself. 他已经够大了可以自己穿衣服了。
原因：I’m glad to meet you. 我非常高兴遇见你。
To cool the hot dish, Mrs Wilson put it near the open window.
为了冷却那盘热菜，威尔逊夫人把它放在开着的窗子附近。
5）表语：Waving one’s hand is to say“Goodbye”.
不定式作表语，出现在系动词之后。又如：
Our aim is to improve our spoken English.
Y ou seem to know everyone here.
6）定语：Have you got anything to say?
不定式作定语，初学者往往不会辨认。下面是几种辨认方法：
a. 不定式常在一些特定的句式中作定语，例如：
She has a meeting to attend.
There is something else to do.
He was the first to come to school.
This is the only thing to do at present.
We need someone to help us out.
b. 不定式也常在一些特定的名词后作定语，如time, way, turn, chance, courage, wish, reason, effort, decision, need, right等。例如：
It’s your turn to recite the text.
Y ou have no right to read my letter.
c. 不定式描述某名词的用途时，也是定语。例如：
Can you give me a box to hold my books?
7) “疑问词+ 不定式”结构
疑问代词what who which 和疑问副词when where how 等后加不定式，这种结构具有名词的功能，在句中常作宾雨，也可作主语或主语补语。例如：
宾语：I don’t know what to do. 我不知道要做什么。
He can’t tell how to get to the station. 它补知道怎样到火车站。主语：When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。
主语补语：The question is which to keep. 问题是保留哪些。
动词不定式 动词不定式 不定式：to + 动词原形 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 动词不定式的基本形式是"to + 动词原形"，有时可以不带to。动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语： 注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式（或短语）放在后面。例如： It is not easy to learn a foreign language. It took us three days to do the work. 动词不定式的否定形式由"not+动词不定式"构成. 如: Tell him not to be late. The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear，listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如： Let me listen to you sing the song. He watched his son play computer games. I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away. The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night. 5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用 动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. I don't know where to go . He showed me how to use a computer. What to do is a big problem. 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！ 翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用： 1. To grow plants is very important. 2. It is so nice to hear your voice. 3. My dream is to be a pilot. 4. He began to read and write at the age of five. 5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly. 6. Tom came to see me last night. 7. I am glad to see you. 8.Have you got anything to say? 9.There are many places to see in China. 10.I asked him not to open the window. 11. I don't know what to buy for you.
动词不定式的语法功能 一、作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 afford. aim. appear. agree. arrange . ask . be . decide. bother . care . choose . come. dare. demand. desire. determine . expect. elect . endeavor .hope. fail . happen . help . hesitate .learn . long . mean. manage . offer . ought. plan . prepare. pretend . promise. refuse. seem. tend. wait . wish. undertake. 举例： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3）动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。 4)以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。 如： agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,pla n,prepare, pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等，这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如： I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back. When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot. When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot. 5)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 二、作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like
英语动词不定式大全 动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法: 一。带to的不定式结构 1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 等。 2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如: Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。 二。不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: 1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。 3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。 "Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如: Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。 Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。为什么不休
常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结 ★希望做某事hoｐe to do stｈ. ★决定做某事deｃidｅto do sｔｈ. ★同意做某事aｇree tｏｄo sth、 ★需要某人做某事neeｄto ｄo ｓth。 ★使用某物做某事ｕse sth to dｏｓtｈ ★迫不及待做某事ｃan’t wａiｔｔo ｄｏ ★准备做某事ｇet／bｅｒeady ｔｏ do ★尽力/努力做某事ｔｒｙtｏdo sth ★计划做某事ｐｌan ｔo do ｓth。 ★不得不hａve to dｏ ★轮流做某事ｔaｋe oｎｅ’ｓturｎs ｔo do st ｈ。 ★拒绝做某事ｒefｕse to dｏsｔh。 ★告诉某人做某事tell ｓｂ. to do sｔh、
★请某人做某事ask sb、tｏdｏstｈ。 ★期待某人做某事eｘpecｔsb、to dｏｓt ｈ. ★教某人做某事tｅach sb。tｏdo sth ★想要某人做某事want /would lｉke sb、to do stｈ、 ★同意某人做某事agrｅe ｓb. ｔo do ｓｔh。. ★喜欢/想要某人做某事lｉke sb、to do st ｈ。 ★帮助某人做某事helｐsb。tｏdo sth／help sb.do ★It’ｓｏne's ｔurｎto do sｔh、轮到某人做某事 ★It’s ｔime(ｆｏr sb。) to dｏsth。就是某人做某事时候了
★It's +aｄｊ. fｏr/oｆsb. ｔｏdｏsｔh。对于某人来说做某事就是…… ★Iｔtakes sｂ。tiｍｅto ｄo ｓtｈ。某人做某事花了某时间 以下就是不带to得动词不定式(即动词原形)得常见用法 ★leｔsb、ｄo ｓth让某人做某事★maｋe ｄo sth使得某人做某事 ★hｅar do sth do sth听见某人做某 事★sｅｅdo sｔh do ｓｔh瞧见某人做某事 ★why nｏt 或why ｄon’t ｙｏu +动词原形?为什么不…。？(表示建议) ★某人+ｈaｄbeｔter( ｎot)do 某人最好(不)做某事
Unit 1 Life choices Lesson1 lifestyles 动词不定式测试 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1、George returned after the war, only ________ (tell) that his wife had left him. 2、Heavy rain struck Guangzhou in May, ________ (cause) people traffic problems. 3、We mustn't pretend__________________(know)what we don't know. 4、She pretended__________________(read)a novel when I came into the room. 5、The boy pretended__________________(finish)his homework. 二、根据所给汉语意思完成 句子 1.He is said ________ ________ ________ a new novel. 据说他写了一本新小说。 2. I wanted the letter________ ________ ________ at once. 我要这封信立刻打出。 3. They are said to__________ __________ __________in that area. 据说他们正在那个地区建房子。 4. Then the cold-blooded animal had no choice but ______ ________ _______and sleep. 然后，冷血动物没有别的选择只好躺下睡觉。 5. I think it possible ______ ______ _______ ________ ____him. 我认为跟他和睦相处应该是没有问题的。 三、句型转换 用＂疑问词＋不定式＂改写下列句子 1、How we should do it was discussed last night. ____________________________ was discussed last night. 2、I didn’t know where I should go. I didn’t k now ____________________________. 3、The difficulty was how we should cross the river. The difficulty was ________________________________ .
英语动词不定式的用法 老高川学校刘金平 英语中的动词不定式在考试中是比较常见的。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。以下是动词不定时的用法解析。 1)动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 【例如】 To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task. To do that implies taking responsibility. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。 【例如】 It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages. It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中： a) It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)+( for/of sb.)+不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. It is hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
2012年1月6日星期五 用动词不定式翻译下列句子： 1.学习英语最好的方法就是多听多说多写和多读。 2.我学习英语的最大的难题就是我不知道如何上课记笔记。 3.如何提高我的英语仍然让我迷惑不解。 4.你能给我些如何提高听力能力的建议吗 5.去哪里远足还是个问题。 6.我认为学好英语并不容易。 7.成为一名好歌手的秘密之一就是要不停地练习唱歌。 8.我认为经常与外国人谈话非常有益。helpful. 9.你认为课前预习功课，课后复习功课重要吗 10.我今天下午的一项工作就是读两本英语杂志。 11.我们正在讨论明天坐火车还是乘飞机去上海。 12.什么时候去野炊要看天气。 13.我们正在谈论明天到那里度假。
14.我的梦想就是将来在这个岛屿上建一座漂亮的房子。island岛屿 15.提高写作能力的的最佳方法就是每天记日记。 16.最好的学习方法之一就是坚持课后复习功课。 17.我在考虑如何将这句话翻译成汉语。 18.我一次有一次地劝他不要抽烟但他不听。 19.我对如何理解这篇课文非常感兴趣。 20.很荣幸和你在一起工作。 答案： 1.The best way to learn English is to listen more, speak more, write more and read more. to learn English 作定 语修饰the best way; to listen…..and read more 作表语2.My biggest problem with the study of English is that I don’t know how to take notes in class. how to take notes in class 作宾语 3.How to improve my English still puzzles me. how to improve my English 主语 4.Could you give me some advice on how to improve my listening ability how to improve my listening ability 介 词宾语
语法深度分析：动词不定式短语讲解 文章来源：跨考教育 1.动词不定式短语的结构： 动词不定式短语的主干是由 to + 动词原形构成，动词不定式短语内部的动词可以跟自己的宾语、状语、表语等成分。动词不定式短语整体上在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 2.动词不定式短语在句子中的作用 （1）动词不定式短语做主语： To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。 It's my pleasure to help you. 帮助你是我的乐趣。 动词不定式做主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 （2）动词不定式短语作宾语： I like to help others as much as possible. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。 动词不定式短语作宾语补语：表示不定式的动作是由宾语发出。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。 （3）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：感官动词：see, watch, notice, look at，hear；使役动词：make, let, have(使得)，help(可带to, 也可不带to) The teacher has his students write a composition every other week. 老师让同学们每隔一周写一篇作文。 Many things【make people think artists are weird】. 很多事情使人们觉得艺术家们很奇怪。 （5）动词不定式短语作表语： The most urgent thing is to take legal measures immediately.当务之急是马上采取法律措施。 （6）动词不定式短语作定语： There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题。 （7）动词不定式短语作状语：经常表示目的。
英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的对象，即是一种动宾关系时，不定式用被动形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的执行者，即是一种主动关系时，不定式用主动形式。 在某些情况下，不定式虽然与所说明的人或物是动宾关系，但仍用主动形式。这种不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有下列几种： 一、当不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系，又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如： I have a meeting to attend. 我有个会议要参加。(to attend与I有主谓关系) Give him some books to read. 给他一些书看。(to read与him有主谓关系) 如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句： 1. Have you anything to do this afternoon? 你今天下午有事要做吗？ 2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ? 你有什么东西要带到城里去吗？ 句1中主语you与不定式to do存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，to do实际上指的是you的动作，所以用主动形式表示被动意义；而句2中主语you与不定式to take不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式所指的并非是you的动作，所以仍要用被动形式to be taken表示被动意义。 二、当不定式在"There be..."句型中用作定语修饰主语而表示被动意义时，一般情况下，既可以用主动形式，也可以用被动形式。在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。例如： There is no time to lost (to be lost). 时间紧迫，不能耽误了。 There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of). 还有好多事要处理。 但是应该注意以下两点： (1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语，那么用主动形式或被动形式则须视sb. 是其动作的发出者或承受者而定。例如： There are still many questions for us to discuss. 我们还有许多问题要讨论。
动词不定式 一. 定义： 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形 三. 动词不定式作宾语 后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。 We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点） 1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 2. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。 如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help 等。 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。 2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带 to的不定式作宾补。 Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。 感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。 I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事） I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）
初中英语动词不定式讲解试题和答案 一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语 1．To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast. 二、作表语 My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。 如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。 三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。 He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。 四、“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。 I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。 五、“疑问词+ 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。 She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。 六、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ 谓语+ it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。 I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。 七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。 I’m worrying about what to do next.我正愁下一步该怎么办。 八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。
动词不定式的用法 概念： 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to 是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、 形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的 时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾 语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。 一、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语 动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1) 把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2) 用it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定 式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
① It + be + 名词+ to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ② It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③ It + be + 形谷词+ b + to do It is difficult for us to finish for swriting the composition in a quarter of an hour. 在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词, 如： easy, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary, better; the first, the next, too much, too little, not enough ④ It + be +形容词+ of sb + to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. 在句型④中，常用 careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,la zy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise rude, clever, important, comfortable, the last, the best
初中英语动词不定式整理 一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语1．To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast. 二、作表语 My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。 如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。 三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。 He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。 四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。 I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。 五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。 六、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。 I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。 七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。 I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。 八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。 I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。 此时，如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。 We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。 九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到，最后一个走。 十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。 We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里。 十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。 I’m glad to meet you. 见到你，我很高兴。 They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。 十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。It’s for her to decide. 这得由她来决定。（表语） There are many books for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读。（定语） The book ids too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了，孩子们看不懂。（结果状语） 不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意： It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.
动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe． 但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如： It's wrong to play tricks on other people． It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做…..是……的，it仅作形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的 It is useful to read.看书是有用的 It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康的 It is a little difficulty for me to work out this question.解出这道题对我来说有点难 It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业是糟糕的 It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的 It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth该句型通常表示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感叹情绪，与It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth的意义不同。 It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．你能告诉我事实，真是太好了 It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．他做那件傻事，真是太笨了 It is very clever of you to work out this question. 你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了 It is very wise of you to read this novel. 你看这本小说，真是太明智了 这个句型中用介词of而不是for的原因是这里的形容词是用来形容人的品质性格的。 类似的词有：careless，careful，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid，friendly 因此区分是用It is ＋adj +(for sb.)＋(not)to do sth还是It is+adj+of sb +(not)to do sth，要
动词不定式有两种被动式, 即一般式和完成式, 例如do的被动式有to be done, to have been done。只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。一般说来, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 该不定式要用被动式。例如: He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那个工厂工作。 These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 这些书不许带出室外。 但在某些情况下, 不定式虽然表示被动意思, 用的却是主动形式。常见的有下列几种情况: 一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1）have（give, show）sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗? （to do是由you发出的） Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? （谁带不得而知）再如: Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。 He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。 2）It（This, That）＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋n. ＋to do 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为for me to answer。再如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。 3）There ＋be ＋n. ＋to do 在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如: 没有时间可以耽误。可译成: There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁lost time 不明确。 但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同: a. There is nothing to do now. （＝We have nothing to do now. ）现在没事干。 b. There is nothing to be done. （＝We can do nothing now. ）现在没办法了。 a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。 b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不见什么东西。 二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有: 1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do The question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。 2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do
不定式的句法功能归纳 非谓语动词之不定式 非谓语动词及可以做的句法成分一览表: 动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题 不定式虽然不能做谓语，但保留着动词的特征，可带有自己的宾语和状语，从而形成不定式短语。不定式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质，可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等句子成分。 一、做主语 (1)英语中，不定式短语可放在句首充当句子的主语。如： To learn English well is very important. 学好英语很重要。 (2)但为了使句子平衡，常用it做形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语——不定式放到句末，特别是在疑问句及感叹句中必须采用这种方式。如： It is very important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要。 Is it necessary to bring an umbrella today? 今天带雨伞有必要吗？ (3)不定式做主语时，不能有单独的名词或代词做逻辑主语，而应用for sb. /of sb. 做它的逻辑主语，当不定式表示对逻辑主语的利害关系时，用for sb；当不定式用来对逻辑主语表示赞美或责备时，用of sb。如： It is not good for your eye to read in the sun. 在阳光下看对你的眼睛不好。 It is very kind of you to help us. 你来帮助我们，真是太好了。 二、做宾语 (1)在英语中，不定式可用来做宾语。如： He agrees to go with us. 他同意跟我们一起去。 I want to buy a Chinese-English dictionary. 我想买一本汉英词典。 (2)不定式做宾语时须注意： A.不定式并不是可做任何及物动词的宾语。能接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue, dare, decide, desire, demand, determine, elect, expect, fail, hate, hesitate, hope, intend, know, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, promise, pretend, prefer, refuse, require, start, try, wait, want, wish, wonder. 如：