托福综合口语考试经典模板
托福口语考试分为独立口语和综合口语2个部分，有些考生觉得托福综合口语很难，看看这些口语模板能不能帮助你?下面就是店铺给大家整理的托福综合口语模板，希望对你有用!
托福综合口语模板
1、“The school has implemented a new policy that……due to……And the man/woman holds a positive/negative view towards the announcement.
The first reason s/he gives is that……And the second one is based on the fact that……"
2、From the reading material， we know that (the college) is going to……
Obviously， the man/woman in the conversation thinks that this is a great/bad idea， due to the following reasons.。
One reason is that…… Another is……
(万一有时间)So that‘s all the reasons s/he has to form that opinion. (尽量记，听为主)
3、The man/woman’s opinion about STH is that…… (选择方案型：听选择的原因。
1.Firstly， the man/woman states that…….
2.And then he/she states that……。 (提出建议型：听建议的利弊。1.Firstly， the man/woman talks about the positive aspect of this issue. He/she states that…….2.On the other hand，the man/man also talks about the negative aspect of this question. He/she point s out that……。)
4、阅读引用部分的模版
(1) In the readingmaterial，
(2) There is a/anannouncement/message/notice/proposal about ****(填入记下的关键词)
(3) The university/college is going to****(稍稍展开下)
(4) In the listeningmaterial，two students discussabout the***(填入关键词)
听力中人物表达观点的模版：
(1) The man/woman is against/supporting the***
(2) He or she feels unhappy/less satisfied about***
(3) He or She thinks the*** is unfair/inconvenient/unaffordable for the following reasons：
(4) The man/woman’s opinion about STH is that……。
理由展开部分的模版：
(1) First， he thinks/says**** Also， he points out that****
(2) Firstly，the man/woman states that……。; And then he/she states that……。
(3)支持+反对
Firstly， the man/woman talks about the positive aspect of this issue. He/she states that…….On the other ha nd，the man/man also talks about the negative aspect of this question. He/she points out that……。
5、范例：看OG的范例回答Bus Service Elimination Planned Important Points(字数102)
The university plans to eliminate the bus service because it is too expensive to run and too few students use it. (一句话概括阅读材料的内容)The man disagrees with the university plan. (谈话人态度)He believes the reason few students take the bus is that the route goes to neighborhoods where students do not live. If the routes were changed， many more students would ride the bus. (两句话讲谈话人的第一个观点：校车路线。注意改路线的建议是采用虚拟语气来表述的)The man disagrees with the way the university plans to use the money it saves on the bus service. Building more parking lots on campus will encourage more students to drive on
campus. This would increase noise and traffic on campus.(谈话人第二个观点：增加停车场。首先讲谈话人观点：disagree with the way…然后将后果1à后果2)“
托福综合口语练习方法
对于托福综合口语的复述问题，考生出现错误的地方主要有：语法错误多，句式用词单词，卡顿频繁等等，也有一些同学刷完TPO来问老师要题刷，他们会说：主观题有数不清的真题给我练习，但是客观题我只能找到TPO那几十套，还得省着练。但如果再让他练一遍做过的题目，回答也未必能够让人满意。其实如果能够充分利用现有素材，有方法地刷题，TPO的几十套综合题，已经够你应对考试了。那么我们应该怎样充分利用TPO原题进行练习呢?
以下小编通过经验的总结，为大家整理了托福综合口语复述问题解决的5个步骤，大家一起来看看吧。
第一步，按考试要求掐表录音。很多人可能到这里就算练完了，但这才是万里之行的第一小步。
第二步，请大胆回听自己的录音(不要羞涩和害怕尴尬症)，在草稿纸上用另外一种颜色的笔标出你听到的——1.语法错误(有些错误很细小，所以请逐句仔细听)，2. 卡顿之处
第三步，在标记的地方修改自己的错误，并把卡顿的句子完整地写下来
第四步，看着新的笔记，进行第二遍录音。这一遍之后，请再一次拿笔——1.打开听力原文，看一下原文中使用了哪些词组是可以在答题中替换使用的。2.听一下自己有哪些词或词组是反复使用的，在草稿纸上写下替换词。3. 补充或丰富逻辑连接词
第五步，根据再次润色的笔记，进行第三次录音，录音时请注意语调的变换。接下来，你就可以欣赏一个表达流利、语句通畅、逻辑清晰的高质量回答了。
如果大家在复习时面对每个托福综合口语都能进行这样的练习，相信对于托福综合口语的各种题型都会很了解，并能找出解决方法。托福综合口语和独立口语难点
新托福口语难点确实很多，比如，前两道独立口语任务是以一问一答的形式展开，考生在了解问题后只有十五秒的准备时间，然后用四十五秒钟将回答通过麦克风录入电脑头脑中。如果对考试内容很陌生，考生一定会很乱，不知道该从何说起，可能会东一句，西一句的，毫无条理性。到底托福口语怎么练呢?
建议考生把自己的思路、想法落实到托福口语的书面上，用笔记来帮助整理你的思路。平时练习的时候也可以将自己的回答像写作文一样，一字一句的把写下来、修改语病。然后大声读熟，再重新回答问题。这样把一套题目练熟之后，再进行下一套题目的练习。另外，独立口语任务也可以拿作文题目练习托福口语难点。
综合口语任务的难点在于理解、记录听力内容，并用自己的话做口语复述。可以先锻炼自己听抄、听记的能力。然后练习将记录的信息用口语自然的表述。每道题按此方法反复练习几遍，必会提高听力和口语表达能力。
平时托福口语试题的练习是要注重日常、校园生活场景以及学术场景。考生可以就现有的托福口语教材为依据，直接对口语题目中的文稿做出总结归纳、口语复述。
托福口语的评分是人评分，内容的逻辑展开和具体细节的表述最重要，其次是流利，发音能明白就可以，因为托福考的是母语非英语的人的英语水平。托福口语难点就在于发音，平时可以多看美国电影，听多了，也就对外国人的发音和表达以及表达逻辑更为敏感。这种潜移默化的影响对学生的听力、口语、甚至是写作都有积极的帮助。
托福口语模板 托福口语模板 托福口语考试主要考察考生的口语表达能力和思维逻辑 能力。下面我将为大家介绍一些常用的托福口语模板，希望能帮助大家提高口语水平和应对考试。 Task 1 模板：个人经验 结构： 1.介绍背景信息 2.列举理由 3.总结观点 范例： Recently, I have gained a valuable experience. (1) 我最近有了一次宝贵的经历。 First and foremost, (2) 首先，....... Another reason is that (3) 另一个原因是....... Lastly, (4) 最后，. (5) 总之，……. Task 2 模板：选择观点 结构： 1.先对两种观点进行简要的描述 2.选择一个观点并解释理由 3.举例或列举优缺点 4.总结观点 范例： There are two main opinions on this topic: (1) A
观点1 and (2) B 观点2. Personally, I am inclined to support (3) A 观点1 for the following reasons. Firstly, (4) 理由1. For example, (5) 举例1. Secondly, (6) 理由2. However, (7) B 观点2 also has its merits. For instance, (8) 举例2. To sum up, (9) 总结. Task 3 模板：阅读-听力-综合观点 结构： 1.简要介绍阅读材料内容 2.陈述听力材料内容并指出不同观点 3.解释自己的观点并支持理由 4.总结观点 范例： In the reading passage, the author talks about... (1) 在阅读材料中，作者谈到了…… However, the speaker in the listening material has a different opinion. According to the speaker,... (2) 然而，听力材料中的演讲者持有不同的观点。根据演讲者的说法，…… Personally, I agree with the speaker for the following reasons. First, (3) 理由1. For example, (4) 举例1. Second, (5) 理由2. Moreover, (6) 理由3. To sum up, (7) 总结. Task 4 模板：学校场景-例子解释 结构： 1.简要描述该场景 2.列举一个例子 3.解释例子并给出理由
新托福口语模板4 〔托福〕口语task4的内容是学术讲座,所以很多中国考生觉得难度很大,不知道怎么答,得分点在哪里,分数自然也不会太高。下面是我为您整理的关于新托福口语模板4，希望对你有所帮助。 新托福口语模板4 1. TOPIC SENTENCE： The professor talks about the theory that。 SUPPORTING DETAILS： He/she gives one/two examples to illustrate/explain such a point.(接下来陈述实验对象，实验过程，实验结果)。 2、(1)类型： The reading passage： definition Listening passage： examples， study， research 模版： The reading passagegives the definition of(关键的抽象词)。XXX is(定义的内容) In the listening passage，the professor goes on to
demonstrate it by introducing some researches / examples. This first is(最后一句注意挂钩) The second is(同样挂钩) (2)类型： The reading passage： the phenomenon / the problem/the process /somefunctions/some features Listening passage： research， analysis.。. 模版： the reading passage describes the phenomenon / the problem/the process /somefunctions/some features(关键的抽象词)。 XXX is(定义的内容) In the listening passage， the professor goes on to demonstrates it by introducing some researches/analyses This first is(最后一句注意挂钩) The second is(同样挂钩) (3)类型： The reading passage:a conception held by/the principle/ theapplication/th cause/the effect Listening passage： specific aspects 模版： The reading passage introduces a conception held by/the
托福口语60例 1. What is your favorite way to relax? 2. Describe a memorable vacation you have taken. 3. Do you prefer living in a house or an apartment? Why? 4. What is your favorite snack and why? 5. Describe your favorite season and explain why you like it. 6. How do you usually celebrate your birthday? 7. What is the most challenging thing you have done? 8. Do you prefer watching movies at home or in a theater? Why? 9. What is your favorite type of music? Why? 10. Describe a famous person you admire and explain why you admire them. 11. How do you usually spend your weekends? 12. What is your favorite outdoor activity? 13. Describe a historical event that you find interesting. 14. Do you prefer reading books or watching movies? Why? 15. How do you handle stress? 16. Describe a memorable birthday celebration. 17. What is your favorite type of cuisine? Why? 18. How do you usually celebrate holidays? 19. What is your favorite sport and why? 20. Describe a place you would like to visit in the future. 21. Do you prefer taking photos or being in photos? Why? 22. How do you keep yourself motivated? 23. What is your favorite school subject and why? 24. Describe a memorable experience you had while traveling. 25. Do you prefer studying alone or in a group? Why? 26. What is your favorite hobby and why? 27. How do you handle conflicts? 28. Describe a job you would love to have in the future.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/de19202797.html, 口语考试模板 1.2部分无 3.in the conversation, the male/female speaker fell about the notice. The reasons I say he/she is fell the first one is from his/her tone in the conversation. He says…….and he says……..(随便抄几句语调很灵异的话就行了)。。his tone in the conversation shows that he is fell….. The second reason is that he says ……and he says ……..These explain what he really wants. Exactly, there is another reason, the conversation is based on a notice . The notice says…（阅读里抄第一句）。。And these are reasons why the male speaker fell …. 4. support类型 In the text we learn about （抄阅读题目）。There are 1/2 principles. The first one is that…….And in the professor’s lecture, he/she gives us example. The example is……..The second principle is ….And the professor also gives us example. The example is…….These are how the professor uses examples to support the reading paragraphs. 补充类题型 In the text we learn about..(先读题目，再读阅读中第一句，再读阅读中最后一句。如果没时间就不读最后一句了)。In the professor’s lecture we learn about the first one is …..The example is……The second one is ….The example is …….These are how the professor uses examples to…the reading ……. 5. The male/female speaker has a problem. His problem is………..He really elaborates his problem. The first point is….and the second point is…(有就读，没就不读) The female speaker gives 2/3 suggestions .The first one is…….and the second one is…….I agree with the…suggestion. Because in the past I usually run into the same problem as the male speaker do and I did what the female speaker suggests as the 1/2 suggestion. It’s really works well.(这里男女很容易读混，要注意。。那群SB很看重男女有没有读错)This is the reason why I agree with the 1/2 suggestion as the female speaker suggests.(这还可以加废话) 6.The professor in his lecture talks about….(主题)The first part he talks about definition/background（这个你根据听力来判断）The definition/background is……（有的时候可能有例子，读就成了） The second part he talks about……啥和啥。（把名字一读） In the first part of the second category, he talks about…….He gives examples…. In the second part of the second category, he talks about….He gives examples….. These are how看屏幕读题的最后一句。。。。 ```（^ - ^）```
托福口语话题问答模板 1.介绍一下自己。 答：My name is [Your Name], and I am [Your Age] years old. I'm from [Your Country], and I am currently studying in [Your University/College]. 2.你最喜欢的食物是什么？为什么？ 答：My favorite food is [It's Name], and I love it for the following reasons: [Reason 1], [Reason 2], and [Reason 3]. 3.你的业余爱好是什么？ 答：My hobby is [It's Name], and I enjoy it because [Reason 1], [Reason 2], and [Reason 3]. 4.你最喜欢的一本书是什么？为什么？ 答：My favorite book is [It's Name], and I love it for the following reasons: [Reason 1], [Reason 2], and [Reason 3]. 5.你的家乡有什么特色美食吗？ 答：My hometown has many special dishes, and my favorite is [It's Name]. Why do I like it? It's because [Reason 1], [Reason 2], and [Reason 3]. 6.你最喜欢的一部电影是什么？为什么？ 答：My favorite movie is [It's Name], and I love it for the following reasons: [Reason 1], [Reason 2], and [Reason 3]. 7.描述一下你最近做过的一次旅行。 答：I recently went on a trip to [It's Location], and I visited
托福口语高分范文(实用19篇) The place I would like to visit most is the outer space，the place where most of the physical laws on the earth do not apply. It is interesting to see everything floating in the air. And the term “in the air” should also be modified simply because there is no air anyway. It is interesting to walk the distance in a whole new style. And it is interesting to see the mother planet from a whole new angle. This big blue crystal sphere，from the pictures taken by those astronauts, the sight is marvelous. And I am dying to see this big blue ball in this style. (108) For teenagers aged between 15 to 18, what is the most important to the teacher? 1)the ability to help students plan for future 2)the ability to recognize which student needs help and offer that help 3)the ability to encourage students to learn on their own outside of the classroom 托福写作三选一类范文 Secondary education can be one of the most formative experiences in a person’s life. What qualities make a good high school teacher? People might go for abilities like helping with future planning or encouraging academic autonomy. I, however,
托福口语答题万能模板 托福口语应该是托福考试中比较难的一部分内容了吧!但是大家 只要多多学习，相信也一定会取得好成绩的。下面是我为您整理的关于托福口语答题万能模板，希望对你有所帮助。 第1部分： 用于应对以下状况： 1，最美好的回忆。 2，最喜爱或最有用的一本书。 3，最喜爱或对你最重要的一样物品(说你喜爱的物品是一本书，然后就可以转成 2 )3，一次旅行。 4，最想去的地方(注意这里必须要转换时态到将来时)。 5，朋友 Well, 题目， First, It always reminds me of some sweetest memories I spent in a small town in Santa Babara. It has a very mysterious mountain perhaps with a panoramic view over a river or the lights of the city. I just sat on the top of the mountain quietly and dwarfed by the stunning beauty of the setting sun. Whats more, It also reminds me of some
friends in this small town, one of them give me a book, I cherish this book as much as I cherish our friendship. 第2部分： 用于应对以下状况： 1，空闲时间去干什么。 2，周末和朋友一起去哪玩 Well, 题目，First, it has a very mysterious mountain perhaps with a panoramic view over a river or the lights of the city. I just sat on the top of the mountain quietly and dwarfed by the stunning beauty of the setting sun. Whats more, It is a very free place where I can choose my favorite dishes, I can have some red, warmming wine twinkling in a beauty glasses. The aroma and flavor filling my sense. 托福口语第二题万能模板： 1.Do you think the high school should teach music and art as other basic science? Include details and examples to support your opinion. (05. 1 2.2; 07.10.17考题) Well, in my opinion, the high school should teach music and art as other basic science. First, students would have more opportunity to see different things and know more about music and art. Taking a break from study is not only beneficial for their
托福口语自我介绍标准模板 托福口语自我介绍标准模板 篇一：托福口试自我介绍模板 托福口试自我介绍模板 出国英语考试有哪些雅思6.5是什么水平雅思阅读评分标准托福阅读评分标准雅思和托福的区别 今天智课教育托福频道小编为大家整理了托福口试自我介绍模板，供大家参考，以下是详细内容： 托福口语模板：自我介绍 Hello everyone, my name is Lee. This is really a great honor to have this opportunity, and I believe I can make good performance today. Now I will introduce myself briefly. I am 20 years old，born in Guangdong province, south of China, and I am a senior student at Guangdong **University. My major is English. And I will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in June. In the past four years, I spent most of my time on study. I passed CET4 and CET6 with a ease and acquired basic theoretical and practical knowledge of Language. Besides, I have attended several Speech competition held in Beijing, which really showed our professional advantages. I have taken a tour to some big factories and companies, through which I got a deep understanding of English for application. Compared to developed countries, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1998, our packaging industry is still underdeveloped, messy and unstable, and the situation of employees in the field is awkward. But I have full confidence in
托福综合口语考试经典模板 托福口语考试分为独立口语和综合口语2个部分，有些考生觉得托福综合口语很难，看看这些口语模板能不能帮助你?下面就是店铺给大家整理的托福综合口语模板，希望对你有用! 托福综合口语模板 1、“The school has implemented a new policy that……due to……And the man/woman holds a positive/negative view towards the announcement. The first reason s/he gives is that……And the second one is based on the fact that……" 2、From the reading material， we know that (the college) is going to…… Obviously， the man/woman in the conversation thinks that this is a great/bad idea， due to the following reasons.。 One reason is that…… Another is…… (万一有时间)So that‘s all the reasons s/he has to form that opinion. (尽量记，听为主) 3、The man/woman’s opinion about STH is that…… (选择方案型：听选择的原因。 1.Firstly， the man/woman states that……. 2.And then he/she states that……。 (提出建议型：听建议的利弊。1.Firstly， the man/woman talks about the positive aspect of this issue. He/she states that…….2.On the other hand，the man/man also talks about the negative aspect of this question. He/she point s out that……。) 4、阅读引用部分的模版 (1) In the readingmaterial， (2) There is a/anannouncement/message/notice/proposal about ****(填入记下的关键词)
托福口语万能理由模板 当被问及一个问题时，你可以使用下列模板来回答： 模板一：在讨论问题之前，先补充一点背景信息，然后给出两个理由并进行解释。 Well, before we delve into that, let me give you some background information. [Provide brief background information]. Now, when it comes to [topic], I believe there are two main reasons why [state your opinion]. Firstly, [reason 1]. This is because [explain reason 1]. Secondly, [reason 2]. In other words, [explain reason 2]. Therefore, I think these two reasons strongly support my opinion. 模板二：在回答问题之前，先简要表达观点，并给出两个理由以支撑你的观点。 In my view, [state your opinion]. I hold this opinion for two key reasons. Firstly, [reason 1]. This is because [explain reason 1]. Secondly, [reason 2]. This is because [explain reason 2]. Therefore, I believe these two reasons are solid evidence to support my opinion. 模板三：先回答问题，并解释你的观点，然后给出两个理由以支撑你的观点。 Yes, I think [state your opinion]. This is because [explain your opinion]. Now, there are two reasons why I hold this opinion. Firstly, [reason 1]. For example, [provide an example to illustrate reason 1]. Secondly, [reason 2]. In other words, [explain reason 2]. Therefore, I believe these two reasons strongly support my opinion. 模板四：先回答问题，并解释你的观点，然后给出两个理由以支撑你的观点，并附带一个例子。 Absolutely! I personally believe [state your opinion] because [explain your opinion]. Furthermore, there are two reasons behind my belief. Firstly, [reason 1]. For
托福综合口语答题模板 在托福口语考试中，综合口语中会涉及到听力内容和阅读内容， 只有掌握了这2个部分的重点内容才干更好的答题。那关于这2 个部分的重点内容应该如何把握呢?下面是我为您整理的关于托 福综合口语Task4答题模板，希望对你有所帮助。 答题模板： In the reading, the article talks about___❶___, (which means___❷___) In the listening, the professor gives out one/ two example(s) to explain the title. For instance, ___________❸____________. The second is___________❹____________. Therefore, by giving out this/these example(s), the professor tells us the meaning of ______❺______.(optional) 解释： 依据拿到阅读材料，立即记下标题的原则，❶中说出具体title，之后依据提示词找出定义句，❷中具体说出definition。如果定义太长或难以概括，可以省略不说。
听讲座时，带着"老师用什么例子来进行说明'这个问题去听。听力材料的前两句话，老师会给出所听内容的概括性介绍。再结合阅读给出的概念。再听举例说明。其方法通常是举出扩大事例，举反例或是短文中概念的实际应用。 ❸和❹处分别复述讲座中教授是如何用一个或者两个例子，具体说明阅读材料中的academic topic的。 最后，如果时间有多余，可以加上结尾句，在❺处重新说出阅读标题，概括整个回答。 范文： In the reading, it says that the greatest number of animals a habitat can support is called carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is not fixed. It changes according to the environment. The professor uses the relationship of moth andragwort to illustrate this concept. Moth is a kind of insect that eats ragwort. Ragwort is a plant that grows in the field. Normally, the number of moth in the ragwort field is stable. But if there were a lot less rain in a year, ragwortwouldnt grow well. Moth wouldnt survive and even those that survived lay fewer eggs. So the number of moth would decrease. But if the rain went back to a normal level, the ragwort would grow well. Moth would have enough to eat
托福英语口语考试模板 为了帮助考生更好的备考托福口语，在考试中能有更好的发挥， 我为大家带来了托福英语口语考试模板，希望对大家备考托福口 语有所帮助!一起来看看吧! 【环境优美】 The amazing part is its picturesque view and enjoyable surroundings. Having a walk beside the lake and rockery, I can smell the fragrance of grass and the flowers, hear the cries of the birds and feel the bracing breeze on my face. 【学习英语】 With the language surroundings, itll be easy for me to polish my speaking and listening skills.This can render me a good opportunity to practice my English, and eventually put me in a favorable position in the upcoming competition. 【勇敢】 Youve got to have faith and courage; the only thing we have to fear is fear itself. In this rapid developing society, if were easily freaked out by various challenges, then
新托福黄金口语80题（答案篇） They will have a significantinfluence on mentality and attitude of children toward the world. So a parentshould be well-educated and responsible for children. We also can not deny thatfeeding a baby is a hard work, it needs great patience and responsibility. 36.Do you prefer to study alone on work assignment from class or tostudy in group? in my opinion, I would prefer to study in a group on work assignment fromclass. Cuz firstly, working in a group means we can have partners to cooperate withand that will increase the working efficiency. Besides, we can discuss witheach other, with the purpose of expand our scope of knowledge. Finally, we canencourage each other to attain the goal especially when there are difficulties.Of course, the process of cooperation could develop our sense of teamwork andteam spirit. 37.你的目标是什么 Frankly speaking, I would like to be a teacher as my future career. I havedreamed to be a teacher since I was still in the primary school.
托福口语官方范例汇总 托福口语说得好离不来大量的积累，下面小编给大家带来托福口语官方范例汇总，看看人家是怎么写的吧。 托福口语官方范例1 一所你曾经读过的学校 Describe a school that you have attended. 描述一所你曾经就读过的学校。 I like my university, Nanjing university, which locatesthe center area of Nanjing. 我喜欢我的大学南京大学,它坐落在南京的中心区域。 We have dormitories, teaching buildings andrefectories named by number and research buildingsnamed by subject. 我们的宿舍,教学建筑和食堂都是按照编号命名，而科研楼则按照研究主题命名。 So you can easily find a specific spot. 所以你很容易就可以地找到一个特定的地点。 There is also a large playground and gym with a number of exercise facilities. 这所大学还有一个大操场及具有很多运动设施的体育馆。 Furthermore, it has beautiful scenery in the campus, and there are lots of trees, flowers andgrasses, so you can enjoy the fresh air and the euphonic birds'singing in the morning. 此外,在校园里有着美丽的风景,有很多的树,花花草草,所以早上你可以呼吸新鲜的空气，听悦耳的鸟儿歌唱。 托福口语官方范例2 童年的一件快乐的事 请描述一件你童年快乐的事情。 你为什么认为很愉快? 发生在我的童年有趣的一件事是我第一次拥有狗狗—Gus的时候。
托福口语模板 模板1-个人经历分享 Introduction - Introduce the topic briefly - State whether you agree or disagree with the speaker's opinion Main Points - Share a personal experience related to the topic - Provide specific details and examples to support your experience - Explain how your experience aligns with or contradicts the speaker's opinion Conclusion - Summarize your experience briefly - Restate your opinion on the topic Sample response: Introduction: The speaker discusses the importance of group work in academic settings. Although I agree that working in groups can be beneficial, my own experience has shown me that individual work can also lead to success. Main Points: To exemplify, during my undergraduate studies, I had a group project that required us to create a business plan. Our group consisted of five members, and we were all assigned different sections to work on. However, some group members were not committed and did not contribute as expected. This lack of