高英第六册Unit 10 全文翻译

Unit1 One Writer's Beginnings作家起步时1.我从两三岁起就知道，家中随便在哪个房间里，白天无论在什么时间，都可以念书或听人念书。

母亲念书给我听。

上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念，两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里，我们摇晃时，椅子发出有节奏的滴答声，好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。

冬日午后，她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念，布谷鸟自鸣钟发出“咕咕”声时，故事便结束了；晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。

想必我是不让她有一刻清静。

有时她在厨房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念，故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。

我的奢望是她念我来搅拌；有一次她满足了我的愿望，可是我要听的故事她念完了，她要的黄油我却还没弄好。

她念起故事来富有表情。

比如，她念《穿靴子的猫》时，你就没法不相信她对猫一概怀疑。

2 当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的，书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹，不像草那样自生自长时，真是又震惊又失望。

不过，姑且不论书本从何而来，我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页，还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉，以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。

还没识字，我就想读书了，一心想读所有的书。

3 我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。

然而，虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金，作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员，父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。

他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。

4 除了客厅里有一向被称作“图书室”的书橱，餐厅的窗子下还有几张摆放百科全书的桌子和一个字典架。

这里有伴随我们在餐桌旁争论着长大的《韦氏大词典》、《哥伦比亚百科全书》、《康普顿插图百科全书》、《林肯资料文库》，以及后来的《知识库》。

“图书馆”书橱里的书没过多久我就能读了——我的确读了，全都读了，按着顺序，一排接着一排读，从最上面的书架一直读到最下面的书架。

母亲读书最重要的不在获取信息。

Ships in the Desert 课文讲解/Detailed StudyShips in the DesertDetailed Study1. Ships in the Desert [im age-7]: Ships anchored in the desert. This is an eye-catching title and it gives an image that people hardly see. When readers read the title, they c an’t help wondering why and how. Paragraph 1. typical example of environmental destruction[image-7]2. capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day: having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning fifty-tons of fish on a productive day.catch: the am ount of som ething caught; in the sentence it refers to the am ount of fish caught e.g. The boat brought back a big catch of fish.3. but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak: a good catch did not look promising / hopeful.This is obviously an understatem ent because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish, to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.bow[audio-1] : the front part of a shipant. sterncom pare: bow[audio-2]: v. & n. to bend the upper part of the body forward, as a way of showing respect, admitting defeat, etc.bow [audio-3]: n. a weapon for shooting arrowa long thin piece of wood with a tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments that have stringsa knot form ed by doubling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for decoration in the hair, in tying shoes, etcbleak: a) If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seem s unlikely to im prove.e.g. His future looked bleak.bleak prospect; the bleakness of the post war yearsb) If a place is bleak, it looks cold, bare, and unattractivee.g. the bleak coastlinec) When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasante.g. the bleak wintersd) If som eone looks or sounds bleak, they seem depressed, hopeless, or unfriendlye.g. his bleak featuresbleakly adv.e.g. He stared bleakly ahead.―What,‖ he asked bleakly, ―are these?‖4. waves lapping against the side of the ship: waves touching the side of the ship gently and makes a soft sound lap can also be used as a noun.e.g. Your lap is the flat area form ed by your thighs when you are sitting down.Her youngest child was asleep in her lap.He placed the baby on the wom an’s lap.In a race, when you say that a com petitor has com pleted a lap when he or she has gone round the course race.5. as far as I could see in all direction: that extended as far as the eye could see;6. that stretched all the way to the horizon: that extended to the far off place where the sky m eet the earth7. com parable: som ething that is com parable to som ething else is a) as good as/ as big as/ as important as the other thing; b) similar to the other t hinge.g. This dinner is com parable to the best French cooking.Our house is not com parable with yours. Ours is just a sm all hut while yours is a palace.8. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation schem e to grow cotton in the dessert: Now it is becoming sm aller and sm aller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton. The schem e was an ill-conceived one because it failed to take into consideration the ecological effect.9. dock: v. anchor, m oorParagraph 2. thesis statem ent: travel around the world to check and study cases in order to find out the basic causes behind the environmental crisis [image-8]10. My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study m any of these im ages of destruction: I travelled around the world because I wanted to see, check and study cases of such destruction in order to find out the basic causes behind the environmental crisis.This sentence is the thesis statem ent, expressing the m ain idea and indicating the developm ent of a causal essay.images of destruction: typical exam ples of destruction11. the sun glaring at m idnight through a hole in the sky: the sun shining at midnight through the ozone depletion[image-9]midnight sun: phenom enon occurring only in the polar regionsa hole: ozone depletion 臭氧层空洞12. about the tunnel he was digging through time: about the tunnel he was drilling for samples from the glacier, which estim ates the tim e. The deeper he drilled, the farther the sample in time; in other words, the surface of the glacier [image-10] is an indication of recent tim e while the deeper part of the glacier tells of situation of a m uch m ore remote period.13. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling [image-11]: Pushing his parka back, he revealed a badly burned face because of overexposure to direct sunlight; on the face there were lines that were split open and piec es of skin were coming down.parka: [image-12] n. waterproof jacket with a hood attached (as worn for skiing, mountain climbing, etc.)14. He moved his finger back in tim e to the ice of two decades ago: Following the layers of ice in the core sample, his finger cam e to the place where the layer of ice was form ed 20 years ago.15. two continents: South Am erica and Antarcti ca16. emission: the am ount of pollutants discharged17. least accessible place on earth: the place which is the m ost difficult to get to in the world Paragraph 3. the global warming seen in the Antarcti c [im age-13]18. Industry m eant coal: the developm ent of industry meant the use of large am ount of coal as fuel to generate power.19. bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide: ma king the amount of carbon dioxide in the atm osphere grow20. with its ability to trap m ore heat in the atm osphere and slowly warm the earth: heat cannot easily get through carbon dioxide and go into the high altitude so carbon dioxide plays the role of a cover, keeping the heat near the earth.21. the part after the dash (--) serves as an adverbial of result22. upwind from the ice runaway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists m onitor the air several times every day to chart the course of that inexorable change: upwind from the ice runaway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running so that the m etal parts will not be frozen solid, scientists watch the air several tim es every day to m ark the course of that unalternable change.upwind: in the direction from which the wind is blowing or usually blowsice runway : runway is a strip of paved ground for use by airplanes in taking off and landing, and here in th e South Pole the runway is a strip of ice groundto prevent the m etal parts from freeze-locking together: to stop the m etal parts from being frozen solid monitor the air: watch or check on the airto chart the course: to show the onward m ovement on an outline mapinexorable: that cannot be changed; unalternablee.g. the inexorable rise in the cost of living23. graph: usually a m athematical diagramParagraph 4. a thinning cap as the result of Arctic air warm s [image-14]24. pitch: pitch a tent m eans put up a tente.g. They pitched their tent near the stream.They pitched their tent at the edge of the field.25. slab: A slab of som ething is a thick flat piece of it.e.g. a slab of rock; a concrete slab; a slab of cheese26. frigid: cold; icy; freezinge.g. frigid weather27. a hearty breakfast: a satisfying and rich breakfastto describe m eals: sumptuous dinner; humble bread and cheese; square m eal28. snowmobile [image-15]: a kind of m otor vehicle for traveling over snow, usually with steer able runners at the front and tractor treads at the rear29. rendezvous point: the place where a subm arine was to pick them uprendezvous: a) A rendezvous is a m eeting often a secret one, that you have arranged with someone for a particular tim e and place.e.g. We m ake a dawn rendezvous.b) A rendezvous is a place where you have arranged to m eet som ebody often s ecretly.e.g. I m et him at a secret rendezvous outside the city.30. hover: to wait close by, especially in an overprotective, insistent or anxious wayWhen a bird or insect hovers, it stays in the sam e position in the air by m oving its wings very quickly.If som ebody is hovering, they are waiting in one place, for example, because they cannot decide what to do.e.g. A figure hovered uncertainly in the doorway.31. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged: After it b roke through the ice, picked up it new passengers, and went below the surface of water againem erge: appearsubmerge: go below the surface of water32. the polar ice cap [im age-14]: 极地冰冠33. to secure the release of previously top secret data: to ensure the m aking public of data which was originally classified as top secret .34. from submarine sonar tracks: obtained from submarine sonar trackssonar: [U] (an acronym for sound navigation ranging) an apparatus using sound waves for finding the position of underwater objects, such as m ines or submarines声纳（利用声波探测如水雷或潜艇等的水底目标的仪器）Baiqi dolphins [image-16]:have sonar. Bats have sonar.35. and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowscape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by l ittle hummocks, or ―pressure ridges‖ of ice that are pushed up like tiny m ountain ranges when separate sheets collide: and then I was standing in the vast scene of snow which was fearfully beautiful, windswept and shining white, with the stretch of ice field characterized by sm all ridges because of the force of the collision of the separate layers.eerily: m ysteriously or uncannily, especially in such a way as to frighten or disturbsnowscape: scene of snow. Com pare with landscape and seascape.windswept: swept by or exposed to windswith the horizon defined by little hummocks: with stretch of i ce field characterized by sm all ridges36. the ice here will thin: the ice here will becom e thin37. the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous: the result of a thinning cap m ay indicate the possibilities of disasterscould: the word indicates ―possibilities‖Paragraph 5. the rising tem perature of the earth[im age-17]38. Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise: Thinking about how a series of events might happen as a consequence of the thinning of the Polar cap is not just a kind of practice in conjecture / speculation, it has got practical value.scenario: a) an outline for an proposed or planned series of events, real or imagined 方案b) the scenario of a film is a piece of writing that gives an outline of the story 脚本speculative: m editating; thinking; pondering; guessing39. the pattern of ice distribution: the regular way ice is distributed40. a still controversial claim: a statem ent which som e scientists still do not completely accept41. which a variety of data now suggest: data coming from different sources point to this conclusion42. the Arctic Circle [im age-18]: an imaginary line drawn round the world at a certain distance from the most northern point (the North Pole), north of which there is no darkness for six months of each year and almost no light for the other six months. cf. the Antarcti c Circle43. tundra [image-19]: any of the vast, nearly level, treeless plains of the Arctic regionsParagraph 6. the disturbing images of environm ental destruction at the equator[image-20]44. billowing: large swelling m ass ofbillow v. When smoke or cloud billows, it m oves slowly upwards or across the sky45. Am azon rain forest[im age-21]: The Brazilian Amazon contains about a third of the Earth's remaining tropical forest and a very high portion of its biological diversity. One hectare (2.47 acres) of Am azonian moist forest contains more plant species than all of Europe. Yet still it is being destroyed just like other rainforests around the world.46. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef: Bit by bit trees in the rain forest are felled and the land is cleared and turned into pasture where cattle can be raised quickly and slaughtered and the beef can be used in hamburgers.Pay attention to the con nection of the two ―fasts‖ in fast pasture and fast food. With that com es the ―fast‖ disappearance of the rain forest.fast pasture for fast-food beef: alliteration47. the dry season: ant. in the wet season—the rainy seasonsimilarly: the football season, the breeding season, the planting season, the holiday season, the harvest season, the cold season, the tourist season, the gam e season, a season of filmin season: If a fruit or vegetable is in season, it is the tim e of year when it is tim e for eating a nd it’s widely available.Ant. be out of seasonseason v. e.g. season the food with salt48. with m ore than one Tennessee’s worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year: the area of rain forest burned in one year is bigger than the state of Tennessee.worth: equal in area or sizeslash: cut with a sweeping strokeIf you slash something, you make a long, deep cut in it.e.g. Jack’s face had been slashed with broken glass.49. which m eans we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard: Since miles of forest are being destroyed and the habitat for these rare birds no longer exists, thousands of birds which we have not even had a chance to see will becom e extinct.Paragraph 7. images of destruction seen almost anywhere [image-22/noctilucent_clouds/pix.html ]50. Images that signal the distress of our global environment are now commonly seen almost anywhere: Typical examples showing the dangerous environmental situation in the world can be found almost anywhere.51. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress: On som e nights, in the area at a high northern latitude, the sky alone presents another example of ill omen showing there is ecological imbalance and this kind of imbalance is developing.latitude (s): an area at a particular latitudein high northern latitude 在北纬高纬度地区cf. longitude经度52. blot out: hide entirely; obscureIf one thing blots out another thing, it is in front of the other thing and prevents it from being seen.e.g. The dust cloud blotted out the sun.53. This ―noctilucent cloud‖[image-22] occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening darkness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural: This ―luminous cloud‖ occasionally appears when the earth is first hidden in the evening darkness; shining unsteadily ab ove us with a partially transparent whiteness, these clouds don’t seem natural.noctilucent cloud: nocti- m eans night; lucent m eans shining, translucentdesignating or of a luminous cloud visible at nightto cloak: to conceal; hideshimmer: shine with an unsteady lighttranslucent: partially transparent54. because of a huge buildup of m ethane gas in the atm osphere: because there has been a big increase of m ethane gas in the at m osphere55. m ethane is released from landfills, from coal mines and rice paddies, from billons of term ites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other hum an activities: m ethane is emitted from garbage disposal, from coal mines and rice fields, from billions of termites （白蚁）[image-23]moving in large numbers through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of am ount of living organism in a particular area and from a variety of other human activities.release: let go; em itswarm: to m ove in large numberse.g. As the fire spread, people cam e swarming out of the building.The photographers swarmed round her.56. Even though noctilucent clouds were som etimes seen in the past, all this extra m ethane carries m ore water vapor into the upper at m osphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form m ore clouds that the s un’s rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them: The implication is that the night com es earlier than the upper part. The balance between day and night is broken. altitudes: a high area e.g. At high altitudes it is difficult to breathe.Paragraph 8. human attitudes towards the im ages of destruction [imgage-24 ]57. What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky: What should our attitude be toward these noctilucent clouds in the sky?58. Simple wonder or the mix of em otions we feel at the zoo: Should it only be a feeling of surprise and admiration or a com bination of different feelings we experience in the zoo?the mix of em otions we feel at the zoo: on the one hand we feel excited about seeing those animals, but on the other hand, we feel sorry for them because they have been deprived of freedom.59. Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: Perhaps we should feel amazed and frightened at our own power.60. just as m en tear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction: m en are killing such large number of elephants for their tusks that the species will soon extinguish.61. we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkens: we are using and destroying resources in such a big am ount that we are disturbing the balance between daylight and darkness.rip: tear; When you rip som ething or when it rips, it is torn violently.e.g. The poster had been ripped to pieces.Two of the canvas bags had been rippedin such volume: in such quantityupset: When the word is used as a verb or a predicative, the second syllable is stressed; When it is used as an adjective in an attributive position, the first syllable is stressed.e.g.: You are up`set. I’ve got an `upset stom ach.to upset the balance: to cause som ething to go wrong62. greenhouse gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume: gases that will trap heat at the surface of the earth like a greenhouse and ranks third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volum e. This means of all t he gases, water vapor occupies the largest portion, carbon dioxide the second. Methane-natural gas, greenhouse gases- the thirdgreenhouse: A greenhouse is a glass building in which you grow plants that need to be protected from cold weather, wind or frost. Here it’s a metaphor.third only to : similarly second only toe.g. He is second only to his elder brother.63. changing the chemistry of the upper at m osphere: changing the chem ical com position of the upper atm osphere64. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn’t it startle us that we have now put these cloudsin the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so com pletely to the bright lights of civilization that we can’t see these clouds for what they are—a physical m anifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth? These are two rhetorical questions.As for rhetorical questions, there’s no need to give the answer, and the answer is implied in the questions. If the rhetorical question is negative, the answer is positive and vice versa. So the first rhetorical question means it should s tartle us…; the second one m eans our eyes haven’t adjusted so com pletely to the bright lights of civilization that we can’t see….startle: to alarm suddenly or unexpectedlyglisten: to shine or sparkle with reflected light, as a wet or polished surfacespectral: like a ghost; ghostlyOr have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can’t see these clouds for what they are—a physical m anifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?: Or have we been so accustom ed to the bright electric lights that we fail to understand the threatening implication of these clouds / …we fail to understand that it is a glaring sign of the violent clash between human activity and nature?adjust (to) : to change so as to fit, conformsee : understandfor what they are: in their real light; the real nature ofmanifestation: displayParagraph 9. human’s puzzling response [image-25]65. Even though it is som etimes hard to see their m eaning, we have by now all witnes sed surprising experiences: Even though it is som etimes hard to understand the threat of these clouds, we have so far all seen surprising experiences.66. [surprising experience] whether it’s the frequency of days when the tem perature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the sun burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing m ountains of waste: whether it is the fact that recently there are m ore hot days when the tem perature is over 100 degrees Fahrenheit (=38 degree Celsius), or the fact the sun burns our skin m ore quickly in recent tim es, or the fact that the debate over the way of disposing of the growing am ount of waste matter com es up more frequently.67. But our response to these signals is puzzling: But our reaction to these signals is so baffling that it is difficult to understand.68. Why haven’t we launched a m assive effort to save our environment: Why haven’t we started a large-scale m ovement to save our environment?69. To com e at the question another way: To approach the question in a different way; to put the question differently70. Why do som e images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention on ways to respond effectively? : Why do some signs so alarm us that we immediately t ake action and concentrate on ways of dealing with them effectively?som e images: e.g. white pollution, (immediate action: stop producing)sandstorm (immediate action: plant grass and trees)71. And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a kind of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on som e convenient, less painful distraction? : And why do other signs, though sometimes no less striking, only cause a kind of loss and inactivity and we concentrate our attention not on the ways to deal with them but instead, on som e other substitutes which are easy to get and less painful?other images: e.g. gases from cars (distraction: people still want cars, and have an easy and less painful way to deal with this issue, say, it’s a natural cycle, not because of hum an activities)Paragraph 10. the importance of organizing our thoughts [im age-26 ]72. it m ay be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respond appropriately: it m ay be useful to arrange them into differe nt groups, thus getting our thoughts and feelings straightened out / organized so that we will be able to take the m ost suitable action.Paragraph 11. the military system: ―local‖ skirmishes, ―regional‖ battles, and ―strategic‖ conflicts [image-27]73. theater: scene of operatione.g. This was the Pacific theatre of World War II.这里是第二次世界大战的太平洋战区。

高中英语人教版选修六-U n i t2-精读课文逐句翻译(总3页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--选修六Unit 2 A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS简体英文诗There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。

Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. 有些诗是为了叙事，或者说是描述某件事并给读者以强烈的印象。

Others try to convey certain emotions. 而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。

Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves. 诗人用许多不同风格的诗来表达自己的情感。

In this text, however, we will look at a few of the simpler forms. 本文只谈了几种格式比较简单的诗。

Some of the first poetry a young child learns in English is nursery rhymes. 孩子们最早学习的英文诗是童谣。

These rhymes like the one on the right (A) are still a common type of children's poetry. 像右边的这首童谣（A）至今仍然是常见的。

The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. 童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这使得小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，节奏感强，并较多重复。

⾼英第⼀册课后翻译答案1)⼀条蜿蜒的⼩路淹没在树荫深处A zigzag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.2)集市上有许多⼩摊⼦，出售的货物应有尽有At the bazaar there are many stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold.3) 我真不知道到底是什么事让他如此⽣⽓。

I really don't know what it is that has made him so angry.4)新出⼟的铜花瓶造型优美，刻有精细、复杂的传统图案。

The newly unearthed bronze vase is pleasing in form and engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs.5)在⼭的那边是⼀望⽆际的⼤草原。

Beyond the mountains there is a vast grassland that extends as far as the eye can see.6)他们决定买那座带有汽车房的房⼦。

They decided to buy that house with. a garage attached.7）教师们坚持对学⽣严格要求。

The teachers make a point of being strict with the students.8）这个⼩⼥孩⾮常喜欢他的⽗亲。

This little girl is very much attached to her father.9）为实现四个现代化，我们认为有必要学习外国的先进科学技术。

To achieve the four modernization, we make a point of learning from the advanced science and technology of other countries. 10）黄昏临近时，天渐渐地暗下来了。

Unit1 (1)Unit2 (1)Unit3 (2)Unit6 (2)Unit7 (3)Unit8 (3)Quiz (4)Unit4 (5)Unit5 (5)Unit9 (6)Unit10 (6)Unit11. The rich businessman could never forget the day when he parted from his friends and relatives and came to Hong Kong in search of a job.2. The couple was cheated of the joys of life by having too many children.3. It is no use complaining we must do something to solve the problem.4. I never spoke to that man still less insulted him.5. Despite the current trend of peace and development some western governments still cling to the practices of antagonism of the Cold War era.6. My parents told me to read law on the ground that it is more useful than literature.7. He was suddenly cut off by a heart attack.8. As regards its quality our country’s primary education can well compare with that of t he United States.Unit21. As soon as he arrived in Bangkok, the premier plunged into a period of intense diplom acy.2. A typhoon is drawing near. We will suffer loss if we don't get a move on.3. Politicians are usually alive to the needs and wishes of their constituents during an elec tion year.4. If you are not going to help, at least don't get in the way.5. Although the dividends are the same, this is a better investment in that it is quite safe.6. She sewed beautifully and took pride in her work.7. You are chasing wild geese; the men you are looking for have long since left Guangzhou.8. The way Mr. Wu receives visitors with complaints makes for a good story. 导致9. The charge against this man goes for anyone who trespasses on my land. 适用于10. They readily grasped at our proposal so as to extricate themselves from the dilemma.Unit31. The ship being stranded, they were condemned to a fortnight stay on the desolate island.2. In the third round he gained the upper hand over his opponent and knocked him out.3. It is easy to lapse into bad habits or even crimes if you don't listen to people's advice.4. His tongue ran riot when he was asked to talk about what he saw and heard in Japan.5. The charms of Egypt consist in not only its long history and scenic beauty, but also its mysteries: unusual customs and peculiar traditions.6. Your h eart is badly diseased. You mustn’t give free rein to your temper like that.7. Fresh from school, she worked with gusto, and came to the clinic very early everyday to treat patients.8. On impulse he submitted a letter of resignation, giving up the well-paid job.Unit61. He didn’t believe he was cut out for the law but he proved to be a good lawyer.2. Our son needs a good rest the college entrance examination has taken a great deal out of him.3. The boss dished out a stream of abuse to the workers even though it was his own mismanagement that had caused a drop in production. 给予4. The cadre-turned student found it difficult to keep up with the rest of the class in physics.5. Going against the tide of the world that country has conducted five nuclear tests in succession. The international society will not let it get away with it. 放任自流6. Although he said something wrong on certain occasions nothing could take away from his achievements as a historian and a writer. 减损7. It will be little short of scandalous if a government official visits such a place. 几乎可以说8. The coach rounded off his farewell speech by thanking his players for their close co-operation. 结束，使圆满结束9. After an early breakfast we youth volunteers set to work and dug two drinking wells for the herdsmen.10. It was fortunate that I kept some money in the bank before the accident. Now I have something to fall back on.Unit71. I caught sight of him in the crowd for a moment, but then he was nowhere to be seen.2. He replied in all sincerity that the training methods of the Chinese men’s volleyball team were very dissatisfactory.3. You may use the hall as you like so long as you clean it out afterwards.4. This sentence is very awkward,to say nothing of its obscurity.5. He won’t refuse to give you his help,such as it is. 虽然帮不上忙6. He was a political genius, but there is no denying that his policies had caused great damage to the national economy.7. Experienced leaders will not be given to making hasty decisions like that. 习惯8. The two felt at home with each other though they had not met before. 并无拘束9. He can hold his own with the other boys at least in mathematics. 在数学上跟他不相上下Unit81. Today girls also go in for some rough games like bungy jump and rock climbing. 参加2. He tried to enlist twice but was turned down.3. The talk will not get anywhere unless both parties agree to make concessions.4. Dr. Kissenger eventually hit upon a formula that would be acceptable to all parties.5. I felt pretty done in after a long day’s hard work. Exhausted6. The newspaper lashed out at the uncivil ways some football fans treated the visiting team. 严厉批评7. My brother has been to Europe, Africa and the Americas, but I’ll go him one better by visiting all continents of the world.8. Such a shy girl could not have cut a fine figure at the ball. 大出风头9. I don’t oppose the plan as such. What I’m against is to entrust its implementation to a person with neither experience nor a sense of responsibility.Entrust sth to a sb/ entrust sb sth10. As it turned out, the mayor was involved in the matter almost from the beginning.11. The hypocrite will go to great lengths to materialize his aim. 想方设法Quiz1. Many animal right supporters believe that there is no justification for experimenting on live animals.2. He voted against the investment scheme of the company, on the ground that it involved too great a risk.3. The huge increase in oil prices had great influence on the economic development of many developed and developing countries, still less the underdeveloped countries.4. We were plunged into sorrow when we learned our favorite star had passed away.5. Although sending emails is convenient, sometimes face-to-face communication makes for better trust and better result.6. He passionately dedicated himself to this project, but it turned out that he was chasing wild geese.7. Iranian president said that Iran will not yield to American pressure to abandon nuclear power program.8. Without social securities, many disables are condemned to a miserable life.9. Success does not consist in never making mistakes but in never making the same onea second time.10. It is not an academic activity but an opportunity to give free rein to creativity.Unit41.It’s high time these guide books were pitched out – they are so out of date. 扔掉2.The rumor that the president had fallen ill was laid to rest when he appeared ontelevision. 消除3.The new factory director is a bundle of energy – he works more than 12 hours aday. 精力充沛4.With joined efforts from both parties, the normalization of the relations betweenChina and the USA was brought off. 成功5.Through the kind offices of a friend, I managed to get two admission tickets ofthe opening ceremony of the Asian Games. 经过帮助6.We stood vigil day and night on the dykes of the river swollen by heavy rains.守卫7.She vowed to get even with the man one day, who had deceived her. 报复8.I’ll look in on your brother when I go to Paris next week. 探望9.Let the two sides slog it out, otherwise there will never be peace in that country.争出高下10.There was a traffic jam half a mile long. Riding a bicycle, he threaded his waythrough all kinds of vehicles and at long last got to the railway station in time.穿过11.The girl scooped up the rice spilled on the ground and put it in a new bag for theold man. 兜接12.I must make a mental note of the address of the drug store, so that I won’t takethe wrong way next time. 铭记Unit51.In place of human workers, robots are used to do dangerous jobs. 代替2.It is not in the nature of the Chinese to submit to foreign pressure.3.We are determined to realize our objectives; no difficulties, however great, can holdus back.4.The investigation report is in the main true though some figures need to be checked.5.They are going to quit the UNESCO regardless of the consequences.6.We have learned a bitter lesson – the absence of competition makes for stagnation.7.As he put a high value on his time, the scholar naturally shuns society.8.I think she was telling the truth if only because the story she told us just now is toostrange to be invented by a simple country woman like her. 即使仅仅因为，光凭……Unit91.The chairperson of the meeting requested every speaker to be brief and keep to thesubject under discussion.2.Preparatory to his official visit to Germany, President Jiang gave in interview to aGerman journalist and answered his questions about Sino-German relations. 在……之前3.Though a very successful film actress, she is cursed with a cruel husband and anidiotic son.4.The story is in part fictitious, but mostly autobiographical.st year we bought out three enterprises, which were beset with difficulties, andformed a group company with ten other enterprises.6.In your composition spelling mistakes stick out while grammatical errors are notobvious. 醒目7.I shall deal with the issue of shareholding system in my next lecture.8.In the far distance, large white clouds were pushing in from the north. 涌入9. A look of disappointment came over her face when she heard the news. （a desireaffects you strongly）攫住10.He rejected the vase for its cost, not to mention its ugliness.11.Hemingway is often coupled with Steinbeck as being typically American writers.与……相提并论Unit101.I am all for inflicting severe punishment on those who kidnap women and childrenfor sale.2.I tried my best to take no notice of the noise downstairs but failed: the rock musicwas too loud and too incessant not to get on my nerves.3.Although beset with difficulties, they still committed themselves to building a freemarket economy.despair.5.If you had observed the ancient corpse at close quarters, you would have found thatit was a wax dummy.近看7.The troublemaker took to his heels long before the police arrived. 逃之夭夭8.Sometimes I get stomachaches, but they always pass off in a little while. 没事。

高级英语第二册课文翻译及词汇第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风约瑟夫·布兰克小约翰。

柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。

就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。

柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。

路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。

但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一—妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。

为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。

两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。

他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。

约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。

公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。

37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。

四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。

不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。

“我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，’他对父亲说，“而且距离海边足有250码远。

这幢房子是1915年建造的。

至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。

我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。

”老柯夏克67岁．是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。

他对儿子的意见表示赞同。

“我们是可以严加防卫。

度过难关的，”他说?“一但发现危险信号，我们还可以赶在天黑之前撤出去。

”为了对付这场飓风，几个男子汉有条不紊地做起准备工作来。

自米水管道可能遭到破坏，他们把浴盆和提俑都盛满水。

飓风也可能造成断电，所以他们检查r手提式收音机和手电筒里的电池以及提灯里的燃料油。

A New English Course (Level 7)Unit Two TEXT ITouristsI. About the author--- Nancy Mitford (1904---1973), English writer of novels, biographies, and essays, is noted for her witty novels of upper-class life. Her workers include: Pursuit of Love (1945), Vlotaire in Love (1957), and The Sun King (1966), about Louis XIV. One of her most widely read books was Noblesse Oblige: An Inquiry into the Identifiable Characteristics of the English Aristocracy (1956). The text is from an essay called “The Tourist,” part of a collection published under the title of The Water Beetle (1962).II. Organization and DevelopmentAlthough part of a collection, the selection is quite complete in itself as far as structure is concerned. The author seems to have followed a well-worked-out outline. Now try to restore that outline, indicating the main parts and the major subdivisions under each of them.Outline for reference:1.The island and the touristsThe island: location, natural features, the cathedral and its bellsThe tourists: number, transport, lack of taste, ill-mannered behavior,American-Englishmen-Germans2.Behavior of the islandersThe author’s general attitudeComparison of the island to a stageYoung men from Burano (Little Eric)Old women selling lacesThe priestThe tourists’ response3.Torcello back to its life routineYoung menOld womenFather of the clover babiesThe brief description of the small island creates the impression that it might be a nice, quiet retreat for writers like the author herself, but it might not be a good tourist resort. This helps to strengthen the point the author wants to make, i.e. the tourists who swamp the place are aimless in their touring.III. Notes1. Based on the author’s description, try to think of just a few words and phrases that bring out the most important features of the island Torcello.Small, ancient, abundant in wild flowers, crisscrossed by waterways2. Rephrase the sentence:The most intensive study I ever made of tourists was at Torcello, where it is impossible to avoid them.Since tourists can be seen almost everywhere at Torcello, I decided to observe them closely.3. minute: very small4. lagoon: an area of calm sea water partly or completely separated from the sea by banks of sand, rock, coral, etc.5. a great cathedral --- referring to SantaMaria Assunta Cathedral, which was founded in about 639, and rebuilt in the ninth and the eleventh century. It is a Byzantine cathedral, decorated with fine Veneto-Byzantine mosaics.6. What does the word “chorus” in line 8 refer to?bells ringing out7. Explain the sentence:Bells from the campanile ring out reproaches three times a day …joined by a chorus from the surrounding islands. --- From the campanile, or the high bell tower, can be heard the reproaches, or sets of verses representing reproaches of Jesus Christ to his people, three times a day. Such reproaches ring out from the nearby islands too.“cloches, cloches, divins reproches” = (French) “bells, bells, divine reproaches”8. lonely as a cloud --- This is an echo of William Wordsworth’s poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” (1804). The first verse of the poem is as follows:I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.9. Rephrase the sentence:Torcello which used to be lonely as a cloud has recently become an outing from Venice.Torcello was at one time an island scarcely visited by people, but today it has grown to be a magnet for tourists from Venice.10. chartered --- hired for use by a particular group or person11. yacht --- a large boat, often motor-driven, used for pleasure; a light sailing boat12. towpath --- a path (as along the bank of a canal or river) traveled by men or animals towing / pulling boats13. Possibly there is a double meaning in the phrase much restored in line 13.The early mosaics are made to look new again; the scenes from hell are brought back to life.14. a great, sad, austere Madonna --- the image of Mary, mother of Jesus Christ, inmosaics, who appears sorrowful and stern15. Byzantine art --- the symbolical system of art which was developed by the early Greek or Byzantine artists out of the Christian symbolism. Its chief features are the circle, dome, and round arch; and its chief symbols the lily, cross, vesica, and nimbus.16. Explain the sentence in line 14 “Byzantine art is an acquired taste.”One needs to cultivate a certain taste to be able to appreciate Byzantine art.17. Rephrase the sentence:Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors has acquired it.Byzantine art is a highly refined heritage, but few of the tourists here have arrived at that sophistry as to be able to appreciate it. / To appreciate Byzantine art, one needs to cultivate a particular sense of beauty, but few of the tourists to Torcello have been so equipped.18. the village green --- a small stretch of grass in the village19. Attila --- king of the Huns, a nomadic people from central Asia, from 434 A.D. to 453 A.D., and one of the greatest of the barbarian rulers who attacked the Roman Empire. In 452 he invaded northern Italy and sacked several cities there.20. leave the devil of a mess behind them --- leave behind them all kinds of litter / a terrible mess. Devil is often used to give force to various expressions, especially of displeasure, e.g. We had a devil of a job trying to persuade her.Why the devil did he come?What the devil is she doing now?21. marching as to war --- This is an echo of a Christian hymn written by Sabine Baring-Gould (1834-1924). The first stanza goes thus:Onward, Christian soldiers,Marching as to war,With the Cross of JesusGoing on before! (1864)22. a Leader --- apparently referring to the tourist guide23. a standing order --- a permanent request (for something by a customer)24. From what Mitford has said of the tourists in the first paragraph, can you imagine what, in her opinion, a good tourist should be like?He should have a clear purpose when going sightseeing, be appreciative of what there is supposed to be seen; he should not litter, or do anything harmful to the environment.25. What different images has Mitford created of the Americans, the Englishmen, and the Germans with her brief description of them?Americans --- well-to-do but having no taste at allEnglishmen --- mean, not attentive to public hygieneGermans --- well-organized and well-disciplined but not appreciative26. extract --- obtain by much effort27. Rephrase the sentence:As they are obliged, whether they like it or not, to live in public during the whole summer, they very naturally try to extract some financial benefit from this state of affairs.They have no choice but to come into contact with the tourists throughout the summer, and it is not hard to imagine why they should not try to earn some money out of this opportunity.28. What does the word Italian in line 31 refer to?The Italian nation as a whole29. gondolier --- the boatman who propels a gondola, a long narrow flat-bottomed boat with a high prow and stern used on the canals of Venice30. sandolos --- small boats used on the Venetian canals31. Buona fortuna --- (Italian) Good luck32. trinket --- a small ornament (as a jewel or ring) of little value33. point de Venise lace --- lace that is made with a needle or needle point. Burano is known for its Venetian point lace industry.34. four-leafed clovers --- or four-leafed clovers, four-leaf clovers. A four-leafed clover is a clover plant that has a set of four leaves instead of the usual three, and is believed to bring good luck to a person who finds it.Clover –is a small usu. three-leafed plant with pink, purple, or white flowers, often grown as food for cattle.35. holy processions --- religious parades36. Rephrase the sentence:The priest organizes holy processions to coincide with the arrival of the steamer.The priest arranges for the religious pageant to begin the moment the ship arrives.37. flapping --- swaying loosely, and making a noise, especially when moved by wind38. Daily Mail --- name of a newspaper39. Where in paragraph 2 does Mitford reveal her attitude towards the way the islanders behave?She is somewhat sympathetic to them. Refer to lines 29-31, “As they are obliged, whether they like it or not … from this state of affairs.”40. A metaphor runs through paragraphs 2 and 3. What is it? Which sentence sets up the comparison? Pick out words that continue the metaphor.The island is compared to a stage, and the activities to a play.Line 31, “The Italian is a born actor …”dress up, sweet-faced old women, apparently, organizes holy procession to coincide, the curtain, shed their jackets, let the smiles fade41. How do you understand the last sentence “Tocello is itself again”?The play is over; ordinary life on the island is restored, and the islanders are their normal selves again.Unit FourText IStyle and PurposeI. About the AuthorRandolph Quirk (1920-), British university professor and official, has taught in University College, London; Yale University and the University of Michigan, U.S>A.; University of Durham, etc. He is Vice-Chancellor of the University of London (1981-) and Chairman of the Committee of Enquiry into Speech Therapy Services, British Council English Committee (1976-). Among his publications are: The Use of English (1962), A Grammar of Contemporary English (1972, with Greenbaum, Leech, Svartvik), and Style and Communication in the English Language (1982). The text is an excerpt from Chapter 14 in The Use of English.II. Organization and DevelopmentPara 2 Example: riding a bikePoint to illustrate: learn to be conventional before trying to be originalPara 3 Examples: “freezing hot-ice-cream”, “Bitter Sweet”Point to illustrate: Unconventionality can sometimes produce special effect Paras 4-5 Example: letter-beginnings and endingsPoint to illustrate: Style varies on a scale; mixing different styles may haveharmful effect.Paras 6-7 Example: phrases like “incredible insight, lofty flights of imagination, …”Point to illustrate: Common collocations when used indiscriminately becomeclichés, the use of which should be avoided, especially in writingIII. Notes1.the intricacy of co-ordination in using language--- the complexities involved in thearrangement, combination, and organization of words2.constraints --- restrictions, limitations3.as we saw in the previous chapter, in the different constraints operating in speechand writing --- The previous chapter refers to Chapter 13, entitled “Problems of Usage,”in the author’s The Use of English (1968). In this chapter, the author discusses the selection of “linguistic expressions which will not merely suit the topic but which will suit our audience.” In other words, “language must be used not merely to “get out”” what we have in our minds but also to “get it across” as completely and effectively as possible to someone else. Moreover, the author points out that apart from grammar and vocabulary, there are constraints such as 1) effective communication of the simplest utterances depending on the extent to which it fits in with the listener’s expectations, and these expectations are largely derived from his previous experience in the language, 2) the ease with which a mode of expression may be understood, 3) the use of redundancy, 4) habitual collocations, 5) punctuation, and 6) avoidance of ambiguity, clumsiness, or obscurity, etc.4.Rephrase the sentence:Part of the intricacy …What makes the use of a language complicated can partly be explained by the fact that there are many restrictions upon the spoken and written forms (of the language)5. Rephrase the sentenceThe stylistic range of English is wide…The ways of expressing thoughts through the use of the English language vary so much that it is practically impossible to classify them neatly.6. congruous with --- compatibale with7.scale --- a graded series / scheme / system of rank of order, something gradedespecially when used as a measure or rule8. on this scale --- on the scale of styles, for example, the five-point scale of style from frozen, formal, consultative, casual, to intimate as devised by Martin Joos in his The Five Clocks: A Linguistic Excursion in the Five Styles of English Usage(1961).9. What does “this scale” in line 8 refer to?The stylistic range of English.10. conventions of collocation --- generally accepted practice of placing wordstogether in a way that sounds natural11. What are the major factors that constrain a user of language when he is puttingwords together to form discourse?The conventions of collocation: what words can go togetherGrammar: rules governing the formation of sentencesStylistic constraints: selection of the appropriate style and consistency in style 12. Rephrase the sentenceIt may seem paradoxical to lay such …It probably sounds contradictory that while some are trying to encourage people to be creative in their application of the English language, we seem to be so particular about the accepted rules that govern the formal use of the language.13.“Look, Mother: no hands!” --- This is what a child might say to his mother whenhe has his hands off the handlebars of the bicycle when cycling, which is rather unconventional.14. the art of cycling in the conventional manner --- the skill of writing in the customary way. Here,, an analogy is made between the skill of writing and the art of cycling. A person who can write at will is compared to a cyclist who can ride his bicycle at ease.15. How does Quirk compare progress in the art of writing with riding a bike?Before you have mastered the art of cycling in the conventional manner, e.g. holding the bar with both hands, you should not try to be unconventional by removing your hands from it. The same rule applies to the use of language.16. the words of Mr. Robert Graves --- the quoted words are: “every English poet should… master the rules of grammar before he attempts to bend or break them”(The Times, 21 October 1961), from Chapter 13 of the author’s The Use of English (1968), p.231.Robert Graves (1895-1985), English poet, has sought personal integrity in his poetry, avoiding fashion.17. norm --- a standard, e.g. of behavior or ability, that is regarded as average orgenerally accepted18. Rephrase the sentenceWithout a norm …It is no sense easy for us even to tell what creativeness really is or how creativeness is to be achieved, unless we have some criterion to base our judgment on.19. fetching gimmick --- tempting name or device to attract attention20. hoary witticism --- a very old amusing remark21. The hand that rocked the cradle has kicked the bucket. --- Mother died.This is a combination of two phrases. “The hand that rocked the cradle” is the first half of the saying “The hand that rocked the cradle rules the world,” meaning “theexample and influence of a mother are powerful and far-reaching in their effect.” “Kick the bucket” is a slang phrase meaning “die.”22. tension --- imbalance; opposition23. formalities --- a way of writing letters in accordance with accepted rules for official occasions24. “Further to yours of the 23rd ult.” --- “With reference to your letter of the 23rd of the last month”further to --- with reference to. This is a phrase used in old-fashioned business letters.ult. --- ultimo, meaning “of last month.” This is used after a date in a business letter, but its use is becoming rare.25. What point or points does Quirk want to make with the various example he citesin paragraph 4 and 5 which are related to letter-writing?Adopt the style suitable to the situation of use, and do not mix different styles. 26. …what was said in the previous chapter about expected collocations. --- In Chapter 13, entitled “Problems of Usage,”in The Use of English, the author mentions “an amusing instance”of misunderstanding caused by “expected collocations.” In a television programme in the autumn of 1959, the British Prime Minister, Mr. Harold Macmillan, was discussing political problems with President Dwight Eisenhower of the U. S. A., and one remark by Mr. Macmillan, “We never jobbed backwards” (meaning: “We haven’t spent our time resentfully thinking of what might have been.”) was reported by The Times as “We’ve never jogged backwards.” The mistaken reportage made in both cases was due to the fact that the expression used by Mr. Macmillan was not commonly understood. Thus, the reporters, influenced by normally expected collocations of the word backwards, produced their own versions.27. Harold Pinter (1930- ), English dramatist, studied acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and began his theatrical career as an actor. Pinter is the most significant English playwright of the 1960s and one of the most original dramatists of the twentieth century. The superficial structure of his plays conforms to the conventions of the realistic theater, but the relationships of his characters and the sequence of dialogues and events are unconventional, unpredictable, and ambiguous. His plays are often about how people maneuver verbally for power over each other. The use of understatement, small talk, reticence, and even silence, conveys the substance of a character’s thought, which often lies several layers beneath and contradicts his speech. It is difficult to explain the meaning of Pinter’s plays in a conventional sense.28. Rephrase the sentencewe may not feel any…We may not think it at all disagreeable or offensive, which is typical of our feeling about a cliché.29. Is there a hard-and-fast rule that forbids the use of clichés?No. Everything depends on what is expected at particular points in the stylistic range. For example, “incredible insight”may well be accepted when used incriticism that is spoken on an informal occasion.30. indiscriminately --- without making judgments or a proper choice31. consummate --- perfect32. hackneyed --- meaningless because used and repeated too often; trite33. tautologous --- unnecessarily repetitive, obvious34. veribage --- too many unnecessary words in speech or writing35. woolliness --- confusion, obscurityUnit EightTEXT IFifth Avenue, Uptown: A Letter from HarlemJames BaldwinI. Introductory Remarks to the TextSince we have learnt American Literature last term, we all know Ralph Waldo Ellison and his Invisible Man (1952).Ralph Ellison was a midwesterner, born in Oklahoma, who studied at Tuskegee Institute in the southern United States. He had one of the strangest career in American letters --- consisting of one highly acclaimed book, and nothing more. The novel is Invisible Man (1952), the story of a black man who lives a subterranean existence in a hole brightly illuminated by electricity stolen from a utility company. The book recounts his grotesque, disenchanting experiences. When he wins a scholarship to a black college, he is humiliated by whites; when he gets to the college, he witnesses the black president spurning black American concerns. Life is corrupt outside college, too. For example, even religion is no consolation: A preacher turns out to be a criminal. The novel indicts society for failing to provides its citizens --- black and white --- with viable ideals and institutions for realizing them. It embodies a powerful racial theme because the “invisible man” is invisible not in himself but because others, blinded by prejudice, cannot see him for who he is.II. Background Knowledge about the AuthorJames Baldwin (1924-1987) and Ralph Ellison mirror the African-American experience of the 1950s. Their characters suffer from a lack of identity, rather than from over-ambition. Baldwin, the oldest of nine children born to a Harlem, New York, family, was the foster of a minister. As a youth, Baldwin occasionally preached in the church. This experience helped shape the compelling, oral quality of Baldwin’s prose, most clearly seen in his excellent essays, such as “Letter from a Region Of My Mind,” from the collection The Fire Next Time (1963). In this, he argued movingly for an end to separation between the races.Baldwin’s first novel, the autobiographical Go Tell It On the Mountain (1953), is probably his best known. It is the story of a 14-year-old youth who seeks self-knowledge and religious faith as he wrestles with issues of Christian conversation in storefront church. Other important Baldwin works include Another Country (1962), a novel about racial issues and homosexuality, and Nobody Knows My Name (1961), a collection of passionate personal essays about racism, the role of the artist, and literature.III. Organization and DevelopmentThe present text is an excerpt taken from a longer article; nevertheless, it still enjoys integrity in terms of organization. Clearly, it contains two major parts. What are they? How do they jointly contribute to the primary purpose of the author?Furthermore, we should consider how the paragraphs in each of the two parts are interrelated. Identify the topic sentence of each paragraph and see how the paragraphsare developed and supported, taking note especially of the way argumentation alternates with other forms of discourse.First part --- paras. 1-3Second part --- paras. 4-5The first part deals with the ghetto itself and Blacks’reaction to it, and the second with the police and Blacks’ hatred of white domination.Both parts are related to the central theme of the writing: Blacks have been despised by the white world; they find the insult unbearable; and they want to be treated equally.The topic sentence of paragraph 1: The projects in Harlem are hated. This is developed to a great extent in the second paragraph, the topic sentence of which is “The projects are hideous”, and is reiterated in an even stronger version at the end of the paragraph: “the projects would still be hated because they are an insult to the meanest intelligence.”In this paragraph, we also find a solid description of the projects (hideous in two senses) to support the author’s argument.The topic sentence of paragraph 3: A ghetto can be improved in one way only: out of existence. Here, we find the strongest statement of the author’s view with regard to the projects.The topic sentence of paragraph 4: the only way to police a ghetto is to be oppressive. Note the key word in this statement is “oppressive.”The transition between paragraphs 4 and 5 is indicated by “on the other hand.”The topic sentence of paragraph 5 is the last sentence: Negroes want to be treated like men. This implies that at present they are not being treated like men because of segregation and oppression, no matter how good-natured and innocent the white policemen are.In the first paragraph, the author says they are hated almost as much as policemen, and this is saying a great deal. Obviously, the text can be divided into two parts.The theory of clause relations put forward by Michael Hoey has three discourse patterns (Problem-Solution Pattern, Matching Pattern, General-Particular Pattern), based on this theory, this text belongs to Problem-Solution pattern. The common mode for this pattern is: situation---problem---reaction---evaluation.Part I1. Situation:a) Lexical signals: The projects are hated. (Hated is the lexical signal to show the situation.)b) Narrative question (through repetition): They are hated almost as much as policemen, and this is saying a great deal. (to express the degree to which the hatred is)c) Interpretative question (through conjuncts): And they are hated for the same reason: both reveal, unbearably, the real attitude of the white world. (to express the reason)d) Subordinate relationship (subordinators): no matter how many liberal speeches are made, no matter how many lofty editorials are written, no matter how many civilrights commissions are set up. (by means of three parallel subordinators, the deep-rooted hatred is clearly demonstrated here.)2. Problem:a) Lexical signals: The projects are hideous.( popular housing shall be as cheerless as a prison)b) narrative question: They are lumped all over Harlem, colorless, bleak, high and revolting.c) interpretative question (through several parallel parts, three semicolons are used here to illustrate the problems on all aspects): The wide windows look out on Harlem’s invincible and indescribable squalor: the present dark community began about forty years ago (old); the unrehabilitated houses, bowed down, it would seem, under the great weight of frustration and bitterness they contain; the dark, ominous schoolhouses from which the child may emerge maimed, blinded, hooked, or enraged for life; and the churches, churches, block upon churches, niched in the walls like cannon in the walls of a fortress.d) Subordinate relationship (by means of subordinators to illustrate the seriousness of the problem): Even if the administration of the projects were not so insanely humiliating, the projects would still be hated because they are an insult to the meanest intelligence.3. Reaction:a)lexical signals: Slum or ghetto (Harlem got its first private project, Riverton--- which is now, naturally, a slum)b)narrative question: (what are the reactions?) they hated it long before thebuilders arrived. They began hating it at about the time people began moving out of their condemned houses to make room for this additional proof of how thoroughly the white world despised them. And they had scarcely moved in, naturally, before they began smashing windows, defacing walls, urinating in the elevators, and fornicating in the playgrounds.c)interpretative question: (the result of the reaction) Liberals, both white andblack, were appalled at the spectacle. I was appalled by the liberal innocence --- or cynicism, which comes out in practice as much the same thing. Other people were delighted to be able to point to proof positive that nothing could be done to better the lot of the colored people.d)subordinate relationship: They were, and are, right in one respect: thatnothing can be done as long as they are treated like colored people.4. evaluation:a)lexical signals: The evaluation is negative “no”.b)narrative question: A ghetto can improved in one way only: out of existence.c)interpretative question: The people in Harlem know they are living therebecause white people do not think t hey are good enough to live anywhere else.No amount of“improvement” can sweeten this fact.d)subordinate relationship: whatever money is now being earmarked to improvethis, or any other ghetto, might as well be burnt.Part II1. Situation:a)lexical signals: to police a ghetto is to be oppressive.b)narrative question: The very presence of the policemen is an insult.c)interpretative question: they represent the force of the white world, and thatworld’s real intentions are, simply, for that world’s criminal profit and ease,to keep the black man corralled up here, in his place. The badge, the gun inthe holster, and the swinging club make vivid what will happen should hisrebellion become overt.d)coordinate / subordinate relationship: Rare, indeed, is the Harlem citizen,from the most circumspect church member to the most shiftless adolescent,who does not have a long tale to tell of police incompetence, injustice, orbrutality.2. Problem:a)lexical signals: The first sentence in paragraph 5 implies that at present theyare not being treated like men because of segregation and oppression, no matter how good-natured and innocent the white policemen are.b)narrative question: He, too, believes in good intentions and is astounded andoffended when they are taken for the deed.c)interpretative question: He has never, himself, done anything for which to behated --- which of us has?d)subordinate relationship: --- and yet he is facing, daily and nightly, peoplewould gladly see him dead, and he knows it.3. Reaction:a)lexical signals: there are few things under heaven more unnerving than thesilent, accumulating contempt and hatred of a people.b)narrative question: He moves through Harlem, like an occupying soldier in abitterly hostile country, which is precisely what, and where , he is, and isthe reason he walks in twos and threes.c)interpretative question: and he is not the only one who knows why he isalways in company: the people who are watching him know why, too.d)Coordinate / subordinate relationship: and these days, of course, in termsincreasingly vivid and jubilant, it speaks of the end of that domination.4. Evaluation:a)lexical signals: Negroes want to be treated like men.b)narrative question: The white policeman standing on a Harlem street cornerfinds himself at the very center of the revolution now occurring in the world.He is not prepared for it --- naturally, nobody is --- and, what is possiblymuch more to the point, he is exposed, as few white people are, to theanguish of the black people around him. Even if he is gifted with the merestmustard grain of imagination, something must seep in.c)interpretative question: He becomes more callous, the population becomesmore hostile, the situation grows tense, and the police force is increased.d)coordinate / subordinate relationship: One day, to everyone’s astonishment,someone drops a match in the powder keg and everything and civil-rights。

第一课1．But, like thousands of others in the coastal communities, john was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family -- his wife, Janis, and their seven children, aged 3 to 11 -- was clearly endangered.但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人------妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。

2. The French doors in an upstairs room blew in with an explosive sound, and the group heard gun- like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.楼上一个房问的法兰西式两用门砰地一声被风吹开了。

楼下的人还听到楼上其他玻璃窗破碎时发出的劈劈啪啪的响声。

3. Frightened, breathless and wet, the group settled on the stairs, which were protected by two interior walls.于是大家都跑到靠两堵内墙保护的楼梯上歇着。

个个吓得要命，气喘吁吁，浑身湿透。

4. Everyone knew there was no escape; they would live or die in the house.谁都明白现在已是无路可逃．死活都只好留在崖子里了。

5. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air.不一会儿，?阵强风掠过，将整个屋顶卷入空中，抛向40英尺以外。

因为他_(帮助)弱者。

猴王_(有)一个金箍棒。

他_(使用)它和坏人做斗争。

他能_(使)这个金箍棒变大或变小。

他有时能使它变得如此之小，以至于他能将它放进耳朵里。

他一_(看到)坏人，就想出战胜他们的办法。

他能将自己_(变成)不同的动物或物体。

但是除非他能藏起他的尾巴，否则他不能使自己变成人。

全世界的孩子们都_(喜欢)猴王！P46《韩塞尔与葛雷特》韩塞尔与葛雷特和他们的爸爸、继母生活在森林附近。

有一年，天气太干燥了，以至于没有粮食可以生长。

妻子告诉她的丈夫，除非他留孩子们在森林里死掉，否则全家人将都会死掉。

葛雷特听到了这些，韩塞尔制订了一个计划来拯救他自己和他的姐姐。

第一场：_葛雷特：你听到我们的继母正计划杀死我们吗？韩塞尔：不要担心！我有一个计划来救我们。

葛雷特：你怎样来救我们？韩塞尔：小声点！我打算出去在月光下捡些东西。

现在，去睡觉。

第二场：_妻子：起床了，懒孩子们！丈夫：是的，亲爱的们。

你们必须和我一起去森林里取些木柴。

妻子：这是些面包。

你们到了森林里再吃。

第三场：__雷特：韩塞尔，你在干什么？塞尔：我正在沿路扔白色的石头。

如果我不这么做，我们将会迷路。

今晚，当月光明亮的时候，我们将能看到这些石头。

第四场：_妻子:你们这些坏小孩！你们在森林里面睡了多时长时间了! 丈夫：我们还以为你们将不会冋来了。

妻子：现在，去睡觉。

你们一醒来就必须和你们的父亲去森林里。

韩塞尔：什么，还要去？我想出去看看月亮。

妻子：不行，你现在不能出去。

第五场：_葛雷特：我们能干什么？你没有更多的石头。

韩塞尔：我将扔一些面包片。

月亮一升起，我们能跟着它们走。

第六场：_葛雷特：在地上我看不到任何面包。

或许是鸟儿们(吃了)。

韩塞尔：没关系！只管继续走。

如果不走，我们将找不到出去的路。

第七场：_葛雷特：韩塞尔，我们真的迷路了！韩塞尔：听！那只鸟的歌声很动听，我们应该跟着它走。

葛雷特：看！它正引领我们去那由面包，蛋糕和糖制成的精美的小屋。

七年级下册第一单元n.课；课程adj.又一的；再一的n.音乐会pron.（who的宾格）谁；什么人n.日历；日程表n.明天；明日后天n.非周末休息日；工作日v.临时照顾（婴幼儿）n.邀请n.可惜；遗憾；可惜的事n.训练；锻炼n.化学adj.美国的；美洲的n.（学校的）课题；作业；项目n.比赛；竞赛adj.整个的；全部的；完整的adv.从一边至另一边顺便来访adj.空闲的；有空的conj.直到...之时；在...之前特德（男名）凯（女名）利萨（女名）伊莱扎（女名）文斯（男名）第二单元adj.友好的；爽直的adj.孪生的；双胎的adj.（心情）镇静的；无忧虑的adj.鲁莽的；轻率的adj.严肃的；庄重的;严重的adj.体格健美的；体格强健的n.注释；说明v.表示...的意思；作...的解释adv.以...的方式；如同...那样n.（某个）方面；（某）点pron.两个（都）；两者（都）.她的（所有物）；属于她的（东西）n.物理；物理学conj.然而超出...adj.共同的；共有的共同（的）；共有（的）擅长；在...方面做得好n.学业；功课make v.使；促使；迫使v.笑；发笑（表示对象、用途等）为；给；对adj.对立的；相反的n.观点；想法；态度n.兴趣；爱好大多数conj.虽然；即使；纵然adj.必要的；必须的；必需的v.打败；战胜；超过v.对...在意；对...计较n.友好；友谊adj.初级的；小学的小学n.消息；资料第三单元n.一种混合饮料；v.摇动奶昔（牛奶与香料，有时为冰淇淋，混合或搅打至起泡的饮料）n.果汁机；搅和器打开（电器）v.切；割；削切碎v.剥；削（水果等的皮）v.倾倒；灌；浇prep.到...里；进入到...之内n.(=yoghurt)酸奶；酸乳酪n.（烹调用的）材料；原料；成分n.小茶杯；一杯的容量n.西瓜n.茶匙n.总额；总数；数量n.命令；指示；用法说明adv.最后地；最终v.混合；混在一起混合在一起n.爆米花n.爆米花机v.煮沸；烹煮n.盐；食盐v.加；增加；加添n.三明治n.面包n.黄油n.调味品；佐料n.莴苣；生菜n.火鸡n.薄片adj.特级的；极好的n.顶；上部n.烹调法；食谱v.核对；检查（带茎叶的）嫩洋葱；葱n.鸭子n.调味品；酱油n.薄煎饼；烙饼v.滚动；卷起第四单元n.礼物；赠品n.鲨鱼n.水族馆n.海豹;封条v.逗留；徘徊（俚语）经常出没；闲荡n.纪念物；纪念品v.赢；获胜n.亲笔签名adj.著名的；出名的n.奖赏；奖金；奖品n.访问者；参观者；游客adj.户外的；在户外的n.章鱼n.结束；结尾n.班长芝加哥（美国）加利福尼亚州睡过头；起得晚n.驾驶；驱车旅行v.设营；宿营；露营adv.休息；不工作n.雨水；雨天；（持续的）降雨数字化视频光盘n.院子，庭院（在卖主家当场进行的）庭院旧货出售adv.幸运地n.雨伞；伞n.雨衣adj.湿的；潮的n.竞争；比赛；竞赛n.运动员n.将来；未来adv.再一次；又一次第五单元v.生（孩子、幼畜）；n 熊adj.国际的；世界（性）的n.记录；（尤指运动中的）最高记录v.& n.打嗝v.& n.打喷嚏太...以至不能...v.& n.（打）高尔夫球adj.巴西的；巴西人的adj.国家的；全国的；民族的n.成就；功绩v.演出；表演n.体操运动员adj.金（制）的n.奖牌；奖章n.冠军称号；(-s)锦标赛n.高尔夫球运动员v.成为；变成v.把...叫做；称呼；为...取（名）adj.有天赋的；天才的adj.慈爱的adj.有创造力的adj.杰出的；出色的adj.和蔼的；仁慈的；友好的；亲切的adj.不寻常的；罕有的；独特的n.孙子；外孙n.小提琴手v.滑冰；溜冰滑冰n.（在比赛中）得第一名的人（动物、物品等）；冠军v.在...旅行；观光；参观美利坚合众国；美国adj.有名的；出名的；众所周知的n.钢琴手；钢琴家modal v.(can的过去式)可以；能；可能v.作嗡嗡声；哼唱n.歌曲n.（艺术品、音乐的）幅；篇；首n.手风琴参加...；参与...波兰n.人；人物adj.活着的；在世的n.运动选手；运动员因为；由于亚洲；亚西亚洲乒乓球运动n.大学v.主修；专研主修；专研n.管理；经营n.号码；编号；（用于数字前，可略作No.或no.）n.（网球、乒乓球等的）单打比赛ITTF abbr.(=International TableTennis Federation)国际乒乓球联合会第六单元n.& v.计划；规划；方案西藏v.徒步旅行；远足香港adv.（yes的变体）是adv.向远处；离开；向另一方向回来v.送；寄；派；遣n.名信片旧金山（美国州名）夏威夷n.观光；游览v.捕鱼；钓鱼v.租用；出租去度假希腊西班牙n.欧洲pron.某物；某事n.湖；湖泊（加拿大与美国之间的五个大湖的总称）五大湖v.离去；出发n.乡下；农村；乡村n.大自然；自然界v.忘记；忘却很；非常；常常v.结束；完毕；完成泰国n.旅行者；游客意大利第七单元v.生长；发育成长；长大n.电脑程序设计人；程序师计算机科学n.工程师n.飞行员；飞机驾驶员adj.专业的；职业的；n.专业人员v.表演；演戏v.移动；搬动n.梦；梦想；幻想adv.在某处；到某处adj.兼职的v.储存；储蓄同时v.举行；召集；主持n.展览；展览会adj.富有的；富裕的；富饶的v.旅行；游历到处；遍及v.（使）退休；退职；退役adv.到此时；至今n.决心；决心要做之事n.器具；工具；乐器prep.（在数目、数值、程度等方面）超过；在...以上n.传真n.读者adj.强健的；健康的;v.适合;合身v.通话；交际；交流思想n.女士；贵妇人；淑女adj.外国的；在外国的；对外的v.教；讲授v.构筑；建造；建筑n.& v.交换；互换；交流交换生第八单元n.杂务；杂事；（尤指）日常的普通工作n.伙伴；同伴；搭档n.盘；碟洗餐具v.扫除；清扫；清除n.垃圾；废物；碎屑取出（或make the bed）（指睡前或起身后）整理床铺v.折叠；折起来起居室；客厅n.会议；集会从事；忙于v.憎恨；憎恶处理琐事；干家务n.洗衣店；要洗的衣物洗衣服n.小吃；快餐n.（13－19岁的）青少年v.借；借入；借用v.邀请；恳请n.（电）唱机v.不同意；持不同意见n.照顾；照管；管理照看；照顾v.喂养；饲养pron.我的（所有物）第九单元n.无线电；无线电广播无线电台adj.舒适的；安逸的n.座位n.屏；幕；荧光屏adj.近的；接近的靠近；接近n.服务；服务性工作n.品质；物质n.剧院；戏院n.电影院n.（总称）衣服；衣着n.(pl.)牛仔裤adj.时髦的；赶时髦的n.(=teenager)（13－19岁的）青少年adj.（俚语）时髦的；极好的adj.安逸的；自在的abbr.(=Frequency Modulation)调频abbr.(=Amplitude Modulation)调幅n.爵士乐；爵士乐曲adj.（bad和badly的比较级）更坏的；更差的adj.（bad和badly的最高级）最坏的；最差的n.特价商品；便宜货n.欣喜；高兴；愉快n.膳食；一餐adj.积极的；肯定的adj.消极的；否定的adj.乏味的；无聊的；单调的adj.（声音）响亮的；喧闹的n.天才；天资；才干业余歌手演唱会（文中指才艺表演）n.演员；演出者；演奏者n.成功n.表演者；短节目prep.无；没有；缺少adv.在一起；共同adj.（关于）音乐的n.距离；路程adj.近的；靠近的；接近的adj.& adv.（far的最高级）最远的（地）n.省份adj.（在）南方的adv.还是；还；仍然15摄氏度adj.令人愉快的；美好的adj.（在）北方的零下10摄氏度n.雪；下雪天气adj.充足的；充分的第十单元富兰克林湖n.中午；月亮adj.沙的int.再见浏览n.书店adv.单独地；孤独地n.排；队；列；线；绳索v.穿过；横过；越过n.电梯adj.低的adj.慢的；缓慢的v.价值（若干）；花（多少钱）n.短信；笔记adj.极好的prep.到...为止来到；到来相处n.婴儿；小孩adv.真诚地n.假日；节日；假期adj.小心的；当心的；仔细的n.交通至少n.海；海洋n.（＝disc jockey）节目主持人adj.中心的（美国加利福尼亚州西南部港市）洛杉机n.路边小餐馆；（餐车式）小饭店n.咖喱，咖喱菜肴n.(pl.delis)熟食店adj.容易的；不费力的v.禁止；不许故宫n.骆驼n.老鼠；大家鼠（用于否定句）丝毫；一点；根本n.母牛；奶牛.哈（表示惊讶、欢乐、胜利、愠怒等）adv.严肃地；认真地n.母鸡v.产（卵）；下（蛋）新目标英语七年级下1-10单元课文翻译_(已排版) 一单元SECTION A图片珍妮，周六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗？当然能了，我愿意。