定语从句
一、定义及相关术语
1、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,
which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；
B、代替先行词；
C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1、who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
2、whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.
【注意】关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3、which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
4、that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，
作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.
The season that / which comes after spring is summer.
注：that与which 用法区别
(1)只用which, 不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后用which, 不能用that。
We depend on the land from whic h we get our food.
We depend on the land that/whic h we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, little, few, much等作先行词时，只用that，不用whic h。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last, just修饰时，只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用whic h。.
(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the w indow should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the polic e.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
5、Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
【注意】指物时，常用下列结构来代替：the+n.+of+ which
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
= Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
6. 五、关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1、as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。
He married her, as / which was natural.
He is honest, as / which we can see.
2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which
引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.
【注意】
①当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.
②当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。
He is not such a fool as he looks.
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1、when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school
The time when we got together finally arrived.
2、where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
注：当先行词是case，point, stage, situation等表示状况，阶段，某方面的词时也要用where 3、why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
【注意】关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
w here=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live.
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I\'ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
= Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
= This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.
【注意】
1、含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after,
take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正)
→This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正)
→The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）
2、若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who和that；关系代词
指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正)
→The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)
→The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)
3、“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代
词或者数词。
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
四、关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。试比较：
I know a place where we can have a picnic.
→I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
→I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.
课堂训练
一、单项选择
1、Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has
developed gradually.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. whose
2、I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the
English speech contest last year.
A. who
B. where
C. when
D. which
3、The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would
stay for an hour.
A where
B who
C which
D what
4、That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. What
5、Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.
A. on which
B. by which
C. to which
D. from which
6、——Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
——Y ou should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.
A. as
B. which
C. where
D. that
7、After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，turned out to be
a wise decision．
A．that B．which C．when D．where
8、As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. that
9、The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for
us, specially after hard work.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
10、The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.
A. where
B. which
C. its
D. Whose
11、I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. what
13、Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
14、In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.
A. where
B. which
C. whose
D. that
15、The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for
a better life in the city.
A．whom B．which C．them D．those
16、Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
A. who
B. which
C. when
D. that
17、She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.
A. them
B. who
C. whom
D. these
18、Because of the financial crisis, days are gone local 5-star hotels charged 6,000
yuan for one night.
A. if
B. when
C. which
D. since
19、Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.
A. of which
B. with which
C. about which
D. into which
20、The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it
B. in
C. in that
D. in which
高中英语必修一期中测试卷1 第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第1节:(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） A People need to relax and enjoy themselves. One way they can have a good time is to watch a baseball game or another sports event. Even thousands of years ago, groups of people gathered to watch skilled athletes(运动员). Over 2,000 years ago in Greece, some days in the year were festival days. These were holidays when people stopped their work and enjoyed themselves. During festivals, people liked to watch athletes take part in races and other games. The most important festival was held every four years at the town of Olympia. It was held in honor of the Greek god Zeus. For five days, athletes from all corners of Greece took part in the Olympic Games. At the Olympic Games, people could watch athletes run, jump and so on. They could also watch exciting races, which included a relay race between two teams in which a lighted torch(火炬) was passed from runner to runner. The Olympic Games were thought to be so important that cities throughout Greece which were at war with one another had to stop fighting. During the time, people were allowed to travel to the Games safely. Thousands of people came to the Olympic Games from cities in Greece and from its colonies(殖民地) in Africa, Asia, and Italy. They met as friends to cheer their favorite athletes and to enjoy themselves. 1. What did people do at the Olympic Games? A. They fought for their freedom. B. They just talked to friends. C. They cheered good athletes. D. They tried to find friends. 2. Where did people at the Olympic Games come from? A. Greek cities. B. Africa and Asia. C. Italy. D. All of the above. 3. If Greek cities then were fighting, people ______. A. couldn’t go to other cities freely B. could see what each other do C. win the right to join in the Olympics. D. respect the Greek god Zeus 4. The best title for the passage can be ______. A. Greece at war B. Together for the Olympic Games C. Stop fighting D. Greek people
单元综合测评一 Unit 1Friendship (时间：100分钟满分：120分) 温馨提示：1.第Ⅰ卷答案写在答题卡上，第Ⅱ卷书写在试卷上；交卷前请核对班级、姓名、考号。2.本场考试时间为100分钟，注意把握好答题时间。3.认真审题，仔细作答，永远不要以粗心为借口原谅自己。 第Ⅰ卷选择题部分(共80分) 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节：单项填空(共20 小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分) 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。 1．________ all the figures to see how much they ________. A．Add; add up to B．Add up; add up to C．Add up; add up D．Add; add to 解析：考查固定搭配。add up把……加起来；add up to加起来总共是。 答案：B 2．—What's the matter with Rod? —I think he's still ________ that we forgot his birthday. A．unfair B．stubborn C．reliable D．upset 解析：答句句意：我想他还在因为我们忘记了他的生日而不高兴。upset难过的，符合题意。 答案：D 3．—So you didn't say “hello” to him last night? —Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he ________ me and walked on. A．ignored B．refused C．denied D．missed 解析：考查动词辨析。ignore不理会；refuse拒绝；deny否定；miss错过，想念。 答案：A 4．Don't be nervous! Keep ________ even when you are in the face of danger. A．still B．calm C．silent D．quiet
人教新课标必修一Unit2 English around the world单元同步测试 I. 单项选择 1. ---Are you sure you have ______ all the documents in your list? ---Oh, sorry, I forgot to ______ the one you had sent me. A. included; contain B. listed; include C. listed; be included D. contained; listed 2. She didn’t come to his birthday party just ______what he had said to her the day before. A. because B. because of C. as result of D. thanks for 3. If you want to do international trade successfully, ______ of English is _______. A. good command; a must B. a good command; a need C. a good command; a must D. good command; must 4. Pandas are native ______ China. A. with B. to C. for D. in 5. If you can’t _____ a better plan, we have to carry ou t the present one. A. come along with B. come up with C. come across D. come about for 6. She pretended to be calm but _______she was more than nervous at the time she was being questioned. A. in actual B. actually C. as matter of fact D. in a fact 7. Everybody has ______ to play _____ our environment. A. a part; to protect B. a role; in protecting C. part; in protecting D. a role; to protect 8. When the expression first came into being, people refused to use it but _____ they began to accept it. A. usually B. gradually C. frequently D. quickly 9. You won’t be able to make a wise _____ of a word until you know all the _____ of it. A. use; uses B. usage; usages C. use; usages D. usage; uses 10.My elder sister is _______ studying in Britain and she can speak English quite fluently like a native speaker. A. in the present B. at present C. at the present D. for the present 11. Some minority(少数民族) languages are losing their ______ because of the invasion(入侵) of more popular spoken ones. A. ideas B. natures C. identities D. characters 12. Some animals ______ the tiger, the lion and the wolf are meat-eaters.
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。
高一英语期中复习基础题选编（1） Ⅰ.语法填空 1．Bill’s mother was always telling him of the dos and don'ts，but it didn’t ________. A．use B．work C．stop D．promise 2．He was obviously annoyed，for he was not used to ________ like that. A．speaking B．spoken to C．being spoken D．being spoken to 3．Zhang Hua is clever and works hard at his lessons.________. A．So is Li Ming B．So does Li Ming C．It was the same with Li Ming D．So it is with Li Ming 4．I must have been a great________to my parents in those hard days，for I never failed to live up to their expectations. A．achievement B．comfort C．disappointment D．support 5．Good amounts of sleep every night ________also important for your health. A．is B．are C．was D．were 6．Even if I had taken part in the 400－meter relay race in the sports meet，our class________ the race.I’m ________ weight this year. A．would not have beaten；putting on B．might not have won；gaining C．cannot have defended our title；losing D．must not have achieved；acquiring 7．Teenagers ________ their health because they play computer games too much. A．have damaged B．are damaging C．damaged D．will damage 8．What you told me the other day is really true，________？ A．isn’t it B．isn’t what C．didn’t you D．wasn’t it 9．In the amusement parks，all the people love their jobs，________ might be not popular but are quite interesting regardless. A．which B．what C．that D．where 10．—Alice，you feed the bird today，________？ —But I fed it just now. A．do you B．will you C．don’t you D．didn’t you 11．In the past few years，My Heart Will Go On was a popular song among young people，________ were often heard singing it at parties. A．who B．which C．they D．that 12．________ is known to all，he is admitted to a key university. A．It B．What C．Which D．As 13．—Most of my classmates failed in the first exam.It seems there is no hope for us to make any progress.
学案相关错题汇总（必修一） 1．________ it is to jump into cool water on a hot summer day! A．How a fun B．How fun C．What a fun D．What fun 答案： 解析： 2. I am moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ________ in the city. A．ones B．one C．that D．those 答案： 解析： 3. I don’t think this park can be finished by the end of this month，________？ A．do I B．don’t I C．can it D．can’t it 答案： 解析： 4.．That girl ________Ann was an orphan.She lost her parents in a car accident. A．calling herself B．called C．who was called D．all the above 答案： 解析： 5. Mr. Smith is sure to be ________ as his father. A．as good a worker B．so a good worker C．as a good worker D．a as good worker 答案： 解析： 6. The thing that________ is not whether you fail or not，but whether you try or not. A．matters B．cares C．considers D．minds 答案： 解析： 7. The students are busy making preparations for the lecture because they will ________ the competition. A．attend B．join C．take part in D．attend to 答案： 解析： 8. By the time the police arrived，the thief ________. A．had disappeared B．was disappeared C．had been disappeared D．has disappeared 答案： 解析：
高一英语必修一知识点总结-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析 ☆重点句型☆ 1. What should a friend be like 询问对方的看法 2. I think he / she should be…表示个人观点的词语 3. I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games. 等表示喜好的词语 4. Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes. “when"作并列连词的用法 5. What / Who / When / Where is it that... 强调句的特殊疑问句结构 6. With so many people communicating in English everyday, ... “with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语 7. Can you tell me how to pronounce... 带连接副词 (或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法 ☆重点词汇☆ 1. especially v. 特别地 2. imagine v. 想像 3. alone adv. / adj. 单独，孤独的 4. interest n. 兴趣 5. everyday adj. 每天的，日常的 6. deserted adj. 抛弃的 7. hunt v. 搜寻 8. share v. 分享 9. care v. 在乎，关心 10. total n. 总数 11. majority n. 大多数 12. survive v. 生存，活下来 13. adventure n. 冒险 14. scared adj. 吓坏的 15. admit v. 承认 16. while conj. 但是，而 17. boring adj. 令人厌烦的 18. except prep. 除……之外 19. quality n. 质量 20. favourite adj. 最喜爱的 ☆重点短语☆ 1. be fond of 爱好 2. treat…as…把……看作为…… 3. make friends with 与……交朋友 4. argue with sb. about / over sth. 与某人争论某事 5. hunt for 寻找 6. in order to 为了 7. share…with 与……分享 8. bring in 引进；赚钱 9. a great / good many 许多… 10. have difficulty (in) doing 做……有困难 11. end up with 以……结束 12. except for 除……之外 13. come about 发生
第一单元 A Animal Friendly Camps for Children SPCA(Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals)camps are the best choice for the children who love animals. Campers enjoy a unique learning experience with our furry friends during these one-week sessions． At San Diego’ s Animal Adventure Camp，younger campers enjoy a wide range of exposure to animals and a dose of life lessons as well ．Pets are played with inside a“ ，safety” formationcicle where kids sit with each knee touching a neighbor’s．Children then wait to be approached， learning the animals should come to them as opposed to chasing the animals and causing them stress． Then campers create one-of-a-kind toys for their favorite pups ． New Hampshire SPCA Summer Camp includes the Animal Advocates — Campers Picks program．Kids choose an animal to help it be adopted ．They get to know it ，its personality ，and get the word out ． Cage signs are lovingly made and hung and campers advocate for the animal all week． Then， when the animal finds a home ， the entire camp celebrates． Campers of all ages interact closely with horses at the MSPCA at Nevins Farm Children’ s C in Methuen ， Massachusetts． Set on a 40-acre farm with a working barn ， the program introduces rescue training and the equipment used to transport an injured animal into an emergency vehicle to campers of all ages． This is many children’first time interacting with large animals and it is thanks to the MSPCA's scholarship program ． Westchester SPCA Critter Camp in Briarcliff Manor ， New York keeps kids busy all day． In addition to attending an animal cruelty workshop ， campers create Adopt Me flyers for the sheltered dog or cat they like most’d to find a home ． Then it ’ s timetopost them around their neighborhood and do some legwork ． There ’also crafting cat toys， baking dog biscuits and painting pictures to brighten things up in the dog farm． 1． What can children learn at San Diego ’ s Animal Adventure Camp? A ． How to approach animals ．B． How to feed animals ． C． How to take care of animals ．D． How to get along with animals ．
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
定语从句 一、基本概念 1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。 3．关系代词 / 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类： 关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词：when, where, why 二、基本用法 1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：
2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题： a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 told him all (that) I know. gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 have read all the books (that) you gave me. can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday? 6. 若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。 He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time. 7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句) 2. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best. 3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。 1.先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时，须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.
高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 高一英语综合试题 第一节：单项填空： 1. I can well remember that there was a time __________ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. A. which B. where C. when D. that 2. So why has English changed ________ time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. A. beyond B. within C. over D. across 3. Today the number of people learning English in China ________ rapidly. A. is increasing B. are increasing C. has increased D. increases 4. The open-air celebration has been put off ________ the bad weather. A. in case of B. in spite of C. instead of D. because of 5._________ all the numbers and you will know the result. A. Add B. Add to C. Add up D. Add up to 6. These T-shirts look wonderful. I wonder ____________. A. how much do they cost B. how much they cost C. how much are they cost D. how much cost they 7. Mr. Gordan seems to be doing nothing, but ________he is waiting for his chance. A. actually B. gradually C. naturally D. finally 8. It was in New Zealand ________ Elizabeth first met Mr. smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 9. --- I’m sorry. I _________ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 10. Alexander tried to get his work _________ in the medical circles. A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 11. --- I think he is taking an active part in social work. --- I agree with you ________. A. in a way B. in the way C. by the way D. on the way 12. --- Have you ever been here before? --- This is the first time I _________ to the Great Wall. A. comes B. have come C. came D. had come 13. There is no way that we can _________ all the papers in such a short time. We need another two days to finish all of them. A. go through B. bring out C. see off D. make out 14. There is __________ in the world. A. no such person B. no such a person C. not such people D. no so person 15. More than one _________ the people heart and soul.