第二讲动词的时态与语态
考点1 一般现在时与现在进行时的比较
1．People ________ better access to health care than they used to，and they’re living longer as a result.(2017·北京，33)
A．will have B．have
C．had D．had had
答案 B
解析句意为：人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，结果，人们更长寿了。句子说的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时，选B项。have access to有权使用，有机会接近。
2．—Hi，let’s go skating.
—Sorry，I’m busy right now.I ________ in an application form for a new job.(2014·北京，22)
A．fill B．have filled
C．am filling D．will fill
答案 C
解析句意为：——嗨，我们去滑冰吧。——抱歉，我现在很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。根据时间状语right now的提示可知，空格处应为正在进行的动作，故用进行时。
考点归纳
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性的状态；现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时未必正在做)。另外，在时间或条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来；go，come，leave，start，arrive，take，meet等表示趋向的动词的现在进行时也可表示将来。
Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much. 青少年正在损害自己的健康，因为他们玩电脑游戏时间太长了。
You’d better write down her phone number before you forget it.(2014·重庆，4) 在你忘记之前最好把她的电话号码写下来。
Hurry up! Mark and Carl are expecting us.
快点！马克和卡尔正在等我们。
考点2 一般现在时与现在完成时的比较
1．He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017·江苏，31)
A．hasn’t qualified B．hadn’t qualified
C．doesn’t qualify D．wasn’t qualifying
答案 C
解析句意为：他被告知，因为其教育背景，他没资格获得这笔奖学金。本空的谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词，表示“有资格，有权利”，此处并不表示延续性的动作，而是说明“他不合格”这一实际情况，因此用一般现在时的否定式doesn’t qualify。
2．I ________ half of the English novel，and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.(2016·北京，25)
A．read B．have read
C．am reading D．will read
答案 B
解析句意为：我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了，我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作，并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响，故用现在完成时。3．In the last few years，China ________ great achievements in environmental protection.
(2015·北京，26) A．has made B．had made
C．was making D．is making
答案 A
解析句意为：在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面已经取得了巨大的成就。根据in the last few years可知，该句用现在完成时态，所以选A。
考点归纳
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性的状态；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作到现在已完成，但这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响。
The manager has just left.If only you had come a moment earlier.
经理刚走，你要是能早来一会就好了。
考点3 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
1. —________that company to see how they think of our product yesterday? —Yes.They are happy with it.(2017·北京，24)
A．Did you call B．Have you called
C．Will you call D．Were you calling
答案 A
解析句意为：——昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品印象如何了吗？——打过了，他们对我们的产品很满意。由yesterday(昨天)可知，句子用一般过去时。D项是过去进行时，与语境不符。
2．The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ them since.(2014·大纲全国，32)
A．sees B．saw C．has seen D．had seen
答案 C
解析句意为：这些报告在2012年不见了，从那以后再没有人见到过它们。since表示“自从……之后”，常与现在完成时连用。
考点归纳
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况，与现在没有联系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况，常与一段时间连用或表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，ever，never，yet，just等词连用。—Have you seen my dictionary?
—Yes，I saw it on your bed yesterday.
——你见过我的词典吗？
——是的，我昨天看见在你床上。
—Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure，it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.
——你听说最近的选举没有？
——当然，这是最近三天唯一的新闻事件。
考点4 一般过去时与过去完成时的比较
1．In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones ________ yet.(2017·北京，29)
A．haven’t invented
B．haven’t been invented
C．hadn’t invented
D．hadn’t been invented
答案 D
解析句意为：在20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话，无线电话还没有被发明出来。由in the 1950s可知句子说的是过去发生的事情，又由yet可知，要用完成时，故空格处用过去完成时；又因phones与invent之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。综合可知，选D项。
2．When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I ________ for years.
(2016·天津，3) A．didn’t see B．haven’t seen
C．hadn’t seen D．wouldn’t see
答案 C
解析句意为：沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作在came across之前，且for years是完成时的标志，所以应选表示过去完成时的hadn’t seen。3．The real reason why prices ________，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015·江苏，30) A．were B．will be
C．have been D．had been
答案 A
解析句意为：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话能圆满解释的。根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断，前面是指物价过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故选A项。
考点归纳
一般过去时表示动作发生在过去；而过去完成时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。
Tom and I became friends in 2000，although we had actually met several years before. 汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友，尽管几年前我们就见过面。
I found the lecture hard to follow because it had started when I arrived.
我发现演讲很难懂，因为当我到达时已经开始了。
考点5 一般过去时与过去进行时的比较
1．I________ down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
(2017·天津，8) A．was driving B．have driven
C．would drive D．drove
答案 A
解析句意为：我正开车(was driving)去伦敦，这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing...when...是固定句式，表示“正在做……这时……”。
2．—Is Peter coming?
—No，he________ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.(2015·重庆，1) A．changes B．changed
C．was changing D．had changed
答案 B
解析句意为：——彼得会来吗？——不来了，他打完电话之后的最后一刻改变了主意。根据句子的时间状语“after a phone call at the last minute”可知，彼得改变主意是过去发生的动作，因此应该用一般过去时。
考点归纳
一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去，不强调动作的延续性；而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。另外，正如现在进行时有时可表示一般将来时一样，过去进行时也可表示过去将来时。
After Jack had sent some e-mails，he started working on his project.
杰克发了一些电子邮件后，就开始做起他的项目。
James has just arrived，but I didn’t know he was coming until yesterday.
詹姆斯已经到了，但是直到昨天我才知道他要来。
考点6 一般将来时与将来进行时的比较
1．—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right.I ________ him later.(2015·北京，30)
A．will call B．have called
C．call D．will be calling
答案 A
解析句意为：——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室里。——好吧。我晚些时候再给他打电话。由时间副词later可知，call是将来要发生的动作，空格所在的句子应用一般将来时态，所以答案为A。
2．Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ________ a class at that time.(2015·天津，6)
A．will teach B．would teach
C．has taught D．will be teaching
答案 D
解析句意为：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候正在给一个班上课。时间状语at that time指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做
某事，故用将来进行时。
考点归纳
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；而将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.
到你看完这本书的时候，饭菜就会凉了。
—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure.I will be writing a report at home.
——明天上午我可以用你的汽车吗？
——当然可以。那时候我将正在家写报告。
考点7 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
1．Dashan，who ________ crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016·江苏，29)
A．will be learning B．is learning
C．had been learning D．has been learning
答案 D
解析句意为：大山已经学习相声——中国传统喜剧形式——数十年了，他想把中国相声与西方单口相声融合起来。根据时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知，此处表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)的动作，故此处要用现在完成进行时。
2．—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? —Well，the media ________ it in a variety of forms.(2014·江苏，23)
A．cover B．will cover
C．have covered D．covered
答案 C
解析句意为：——你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？——嗯，媒体已经以各种各样的形式对它进行了报道。由句意可知cover的动作已经发生，故用现在完成时，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。
考点归纳
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态到现在已经完成，侧重于结果或影响；而现在完成进行时则表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，并且还在进行或刚刚完成，强调动作的延续性。
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry，I haven’t played the piano for years.
——我记得在大学时你是一个钢琴天才，你能为我弹奏一曲吗？
——抱歉，我好多年都没有弹钢琴了。
—Tony，why are your eyes red?
—I have been cutting up peppers for the last five minutes.
——托尼，为什么你的眼睛那么红啊？
——过去的5分钟我一直都在切辣椒。
考点8 be going to与will表将来的比较
—What time is it?
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I ________ it for you.(2014·北京，31) A．check B．checked
C．will check D．would check
答案 C
解析句意为：——几点了？——我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。由just a minute可知，下文表示临时的决定，应用一般将来时，故选C项。
考点归纳
be going to表示按计划或安排将要发生的事情；而will不强调行为的计划性，多指临时的决定或安排。
—Mary is ill.I am going to visit her.
—Sorry，I didn’t know.I will go with you.
——玛丽病了，我打算去看她。
——抱歉，我不知道，我和你一起去。
考点9 被动语态
1．He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he________.(2017·江苏，27) A．was being followed B．was following
C．had been followed D．followed
答案 A
解析句意为：他匆忙回家了，一次也不曾回头看看有没有人在跟踪他。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。
2．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.(2016·北京，30)
A．rewarded B．were rewarded
C．will reward D．will be rewarded
答案 D
解析句意为：学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。由句意可知，reward 这一动作发生在have been working之后，故用将来时态；reward和efforts之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。
3．To my delight，I ________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
(2015·福建，26) A．was chosen B．was being chosen
C．would choose D．had chosen
答案 A
解析句意为：令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。首先，句子主语I和choose之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生的事情的客观描述，所以用一般过去时。故答案为A项。
4．We won’t start the work until all the preparations ________.(2014·天津，11) A．are being made B．will be made
C．have been made D．had been made
答案 C
解析句意为：直到所有的准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。not...until...引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时代替将来时，从句动作make发生在主句动作start 之前，故用现在完成时表示将要完成的动作。
5．—It’s so cold here! Why not close the door?
—Sorry.It ________.I’ll have it repaired as soon as possible.
A．won’t shut B．won’t be shut
C．doesn’t shut D．isn’t shut
答案 A
解析句意为：——这里太冷了，为什么不关上门？——很抱歉，门关不上了，我会尽快找人来修理。won’t 与某些动词连用，表示主语所处的状态，而非强调动作本身，一般用主动形式表示被动含义。
6．In freezing weather，snow ________ turn into ice，which is easy to ________. A．may；be slipped B．can；slip
C．can；slip on D．must；slip on
答案 C
解析情态动词can在此处表示客观可能性；Ice is easy to slip on.相当于It is easy to slip on ice.在sb./sth.be＋adj.＋to do结构中，主语为不定式的逻辑宾语，应用主动形式表示被动含义。
考点归纳
1．只有及物动词或短语才有被动语态；不及物动词或短语无被动语态。
Many stars appear in the sky at night.
晚上天空会出现很多星星。
Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the reform and opening.
改革开放以来，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
2．被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态；除be外被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。
Her car got stolen at the weekend.
她的车在周末被人偷了。
Tigers become endangered.老虎濒临灭绝。
3．感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。如：let，have，see，notice，watch，listen to，hear，observe，feel等。The boss made them work twelve hours every day.
→They were made to work t welve hours every day.
老板让他们每天工作十二小时。
4．主动形式表示被动含义：
(1)系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。
The water feels warm.水摸起来很暖和。
The dish smells good.这道菜闻起来很香。
(2)表示开始、结束、运动的词如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，shut等。When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？
The windows wouldn’t open.窗子打不开了。
(3)表示主语的某种属性的词：read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，look，shut等。
The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。
The book sells quickly.这书销售得快。
Cheese cuts easily.奶酪很好切。
(4)在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”句型中，有时主语是不定式结构的逻辑宾语，这时应用主动形式表示被动含义。适合于此结构的形容词比较多，最常用的有hard，dangerous，difficult，easy，important，nice，pleasant等。
That question is difficult to answer.
那个问题不容易回答。
Chicken’s legs are nice to eat.鸡腿很好吃。
(5)表示“需要”的need，want，require以及be worth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。
The shoes need washing.鞋子需要洗了。
The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
方法1 通过“时态标志词”解题
做时态题时首先要在题干中寻找时态标志词，不同的时间状语代表动作发生的时间点或时间段的不同。
常见的时态标志词有：
1．一般现在时：always，every time，now and then，occasionally，seldom，sometimes，often，usually等。
2．现在完成时：up to now，so far，recently，already，yet，in the past few years，for＋时间段，since＋时间点以及since引导的从句等。
3．过去完成时：by＋过去时间，by the end of＋过去时间，by the time...等。
4．将来进行时：at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等。
5．将来完成时：by＋将来时间，by the end of＋将来时间，before...等。
[典例1] More efforts，as reported，________ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016·江苏，22)
A．are made B．will be made
C．are being made D．have been made
答案 B
解析句意为：正如报道的那样，要加快供给侧结构改革，今后几年要付出更多的努力。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知，此处要用一般将来时，再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。
[典例2] Silk ________ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
(2016·浙江，9) A．had become B．was becoming
C．has become D．is becoming
答案 A
解析句意为：到大约公元前 100 年时，丝绸就已成为沿丝绸之路进行交易的主要货物之一。“by＋过去时间”作状语，谓语应用过去完成时态。
高考中需要掌握的各种时态的分析： 一般现在时： 构成： 谓语动词：do/does 系动词：be~is/am/are 被动语态：am/is/are+done 何为现在？ 无论过去，现在，还是将来，只要跟现在搭上边，统统都是现在。所以一般过去时和他就没有任何的关系。 一般现在：等于常态 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征。 经常性或习惯性的动作。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作。（时刻表） 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征 This machine does not work. It has not worked for years. 这台机器不工作了。它已经不工作好几年了。 经常性或习惯性的动作 I do all the cooking for my family. 我们家所有的烹饪都是我来做。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明地球是圆的。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作 Look at the Timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 你看看时刻表。抓紧点，4026号航班6:20就起飞了。 一般过去等于讲故事 奥义：一般～只需知道动作存在或发生。
何为过去？ 只能发生或存在于过去，不能跟现在产生任何关系。如果跟现在产生联系的话，那么它的概念就应该是现在时而不是过去。 构成： 谓语动词：did 被动语态：was/were+done George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he didn't. 乔治说他第二天会到学校来看我，但是他没来。 现在完成：用过去的事说现在。 构成： 谓语动词～Have done/Has done 系动词～ Have been /Has been 被动语态～Have been done/Has been done 我们用以下两种方式来说明： 第一：如果一个动作到现在为止，他已经结束了，那么这个动作一定是发生在过去。 第二：如果这个动作在过去发生的某一段时间之内，就结束了，他的动作没有延续到现在，但是它的影响是持续到现在的，于是与现在产生了关联，那就是说这是过去的动作对现在造成了影响。 从以上的描述我们可以总结出关于完成时态的两个要点： 过去的动作对现在造成了影响 过去的动作持续到现在 过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 例如：Look！Somebody has cleaned the sofa. Well,it wasn't me,I didn't do it. 看，有人把沙发清洗了。 嗯，不是我弄的，我没做这件事。 过去的动作或状态持续到现在 I remember you were a talented pianist in college.Can you play the piano for me? Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years. 我记得你上大学的时候特别有钢琴天赋。你能为我演奏钢琴吗？
教育学习K12 高考感悟 1．(2013·北京高考)Hurry up! Mark and Carol ______ us. A．expect B．are expecting C．have expected D．will expect 2．(2013·陕西高考)On Monday mornings it usually ________ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. A．takes B．is taking C．took D．will take . 高考感悟 1．(2013·全国卷Ⅰ)When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________ my mind. A．have changed B．change C．had changed D．would change 2.Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _____ his mother. A. will lose B. is losing C. had lost D. has lost 3. I ____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 高考感悟 1．(2013·江苏高考)—What about your self-drive trip yesterday? —Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ________ a rough ride. A．had B．Have C．would have D．have had 2．Could I have a table by the window? —Sorry, sir. All of them ________ . A．were booked B．had been booked C．are being booked D．have been booked 3. —I want to give Mary this gift. __ Oh, sorry. She ______. A. left B. has left C. leaves D. had left 4. ___You seem to be familiar with London. ___I ________ there for three years. It's great to be back. A．lived B．had lived C．have lived D．live 高考感悟 1．(2013·辽宁高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he ________ it for a very long time. A．has had B．had had C．has D．had 2．(2013·安徽高考)I'm calling about the apartment you ________ the other day. Could you tell me more about it? A．advertised B．had advertised C．are advertising D．will advertise 3. __ I’ve brought a box of chocolates for our daughter. —Oh, how good a dad! But she doesn’t like sweet things. _____ that? A. Don’t you know B. Haven’t you know C. Didn’t you know D. Hadn’t you know n
高考英语必须掌握的八大时态结构 一、一般现在时 1、概念：表示经常发生的情况；有规律出现的情况；总是发生的；事实真理。 2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc. 3.基本结构：主语+动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4.否定形式：主语+am / is / are+not+其他；此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。 eg： ①It seldom snows here. 这里很少下雪。 ②He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。 ③Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜雄辩。 二、一般过去时 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc. 3.基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或 be 的过去式+名词 4.否定形式：主语+was / were+not+其他；在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首；用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 eg：
高中英语时态语态讲解 1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时 刻表）等 He usually goes to w ork at 7 o’clock every morning. The train to Shanghai leaves at 7am. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动；或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past；over the past; during the last等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面,主句是一般现在时态时，从句用现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时
2020届高考英语二轮复习语法填空提升练习动词的时态、语态和主谓 一致 一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式： 1. Since the United Nations declared June 21 the International Day of Yoga in 2014 , many cities in China_______(start)hosting international yoga festivals. 【答案】(现在完成时）have started 【解析】句意：自从联合国在2014年宣布6月21日为国际瑜伽日以来，中国的许多城市已经开始举办国 际瑜伽节。此处since(自从……以来）引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，句子主 语cities是复数形式，所以谓语动词也用复数形式。 2. Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty______(mark) some significant successes. 【答案】(现在完成时）has marked 【解析】由时间状语Over the past decade可知，句子表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时，主语 a global push是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。 3 . The twins , who _______ ( finish ) their homework , were allowed to play badminton in the playground. 【答案】(过去完成时）had finished 【解析】此处表示这对双胞胎完成作业是在被允许到操场上打羽毛球（过去式）之前，所以完成作业应该 使用过去完成时。 4. It is the first time that I______(punish) students. 【答案】(现在完成时）have punished 【解析】考查固定句型中的时态：It/This/That is the first time that sb. has done sth. ;It/This/That was the first time that sb. had done sth.。 5.While _________(pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother being ill ,so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and _______(leave) Hangzhou for Beijing 【答案】(现在分词）picking;(一般过去时）left 【解析】句意：在摘茶叶的时候，他收到了母亲生病的消息，所以他不小心把叶子放在他右边的袖子里， 离开杭州去了北京。第一空所在句省略的主语he和pick之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词。第二空，由and 可知此处与put是并列谓语，故填left。
2007高考动词时态和语态 1. The flowers were so lovely that they __________ in no time. [2007 全国卷I] A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 2. I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I ________ there several years ago. [2007 全国卷 I] A. are going B. had been C. went D. have been 3. —Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. —Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ____ of my friends back home. [2007 全国卷II] A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 4. —Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? —I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. [2007 全国卷II] A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’ｔ 5. —Did you tidy your room? [2007 上海卷] —No, I was going to tidy my room but I ______ visitors. A. had B. have C. have had D. will have 6. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______ in the past years. [2007 上海卷] A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered never have been able to afford to go. 7. They_____ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d [2007 山东卷] A．had got B．got C．have got D．get 8. —Did Peter fix the computer himself? —He ______, because he doesn't know much about computers. [2007 安徽卷] A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it 9. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _____ to each other for nearly two years. [2007 安徽卷] A. didn't speak B. hadn't spoken C. haven' t spoken D. haven' t been speaking 10. —How can I apply for an online course? —Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you. [2007 北京卷] A.see B.are seeing C. have seen D. will see 11. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.[2007 北京卷] A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 12. —It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. —Oh, don’t mention it. I _____past your house anyway. [2007 北京卷] A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come 13. —I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening.[2007 福建卷] —Impossible. She TV with me in my home then. A.watched B.had watched C.would watch D.was watching 14. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. [2007 福建卷]
英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
英语时态专项练习 1、一般现在时。 通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句： 1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词（形容词，介词短语） 2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
三、一般现在时的变化 否定句：1)主语+ be （is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are） +主语+其它?如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它？ Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+？ 注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any. Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? How does your father go to work? 2、现在进行时。 通常用“now/look/listen”. 1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2．现在进行时的结构：. 肯定句：主语+be（is,am,are ） +动词现在分词-ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 否定句：主语+be（is,am,are ）+not + 动词现在分词-ing 一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing？ 特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing? 3.动词加ing的变化规则 1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing， 如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming 3、一般过去时态 一般过去时通常用“a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last…”等。 1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化： ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
第二部分专题七 〔即学巩固〕 Ⅰ.单句语法填空导学号 42492870 1．(2015·北京，22改编)—Did you enjoy the party? —Yes，We__were_treated__(treat) well by our hosts. 解析：根据上下文，这里谈的是举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，并且“我们”是被主人招待的，所以需用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好地招待了我们。 2．(2015·北京，26改编)In the last few years，China__has_made__(make) great achievements in environmental protection. 解析：时间状语in/over the last few years通常与现在完成时连用。句意：在过去的几年中，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。 3．(2015·北京，30改编)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right.I__will_call__(call) him later. 解析：据第一句的时态判断，Dr. Jackson目前不在办公室，所以打电话是将来的事。句意：——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再给他打。 4．(2015·天津，6改编)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she__will_be_teaching__(teach) a class at that time. 解析：根据题干时间状语3 o'clock this afternoon的提示可知，动作发生时间为将来；而句尾的at that time为一个特定的时间点，因此，该题强调在将来的大时间背景下的某一个特定时间点发生的事，故用将来进行时。 5．(2015·天津，9改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement__has_been_reached__(reach) so far by the two sides. 解析：本句中的时间状语so far表示“到目前为止”，为现在完成时的标志词。reach no agreement短语中no agreement作主语，reach要用被动，故结合时态可知填has been reached。 6．(2015·陕西，22改编)Marty __has_been_working__(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.
动词时态和语态练习题 1. We _____ with you for the time being. A. will stay B. will be staying C. would stay D. have stayed 2. —Who sings best in your class? —Mary _____. A. is B. does C. do D. sing 3. She _____ her pen in her room now. A. finds B. is finding C. looks for D. is looking for 4. What _____ you _____ tomorrow morning? A. are/going to do B. are/doing C. are/done D. have/done 5. It was not long before the water _____ cold. A. is feeling B. feels C. felt D. was feeling 6. I _____ as soon as you come back. A. went B. have gone C. am going D. shall go 7. The scientist _____ Canada and he will give us a talk when he _____ back. A. has gone to/comes B. has been to/will come C. has gone to/will come D. has been to/comes 8. He found his book this morning, but now he _____ his pen. A. loses B. is missing C. has lost D. lost 9. She ___?_ to her hometown several times. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. is going 10. It _____ Jane and Mary who helped me the other day. A. is B. was C. are D. were 11. I _____ to bed when the telephone rang. A. have been B. went C. am going D. was going 12. Jane _____ some washing this time yesterday. A. is doing B. had done C. was doing D. did 13. When I got to the school, the first class _____. A. had begun B. began C. is beginning D. has begun 14. Mother promised she _____ me an English-Chinese dictionary.
英语的16种时态 英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)： 1. 一般现在时 He always_______（help）others. The next train _______（leave）at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 2. 现在进行时(be doing) They_______（havｅ）a meeting. I_______（study）at an evening school. Mike _______（comｅ）home on Thursday. They_______（havｅ）a party next week. ■现在进行时在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。如： He will promise to buy me a computer if he _______(get )a raise. 3. 现在完成时(have done) A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing) 用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。 例：We _______(work)on this project for over a month now. 5. 一般过去时 I _______(want )to ask you if I could borrow your car? _______(will)you mind my sitting here?
时态语态 （一）时态 一般现在时表示:1.现在的经常性、习惯性动作 eg: I read English every morning. 2.客观真理、普遍公立、科学事实eg: The sun rises in the east. 3.现有的兴趣、爱好或能力eg: He likes playing football. 4.现存的性质、特征或状态eg: The situation is encouraging. 5.介绍故事剧情、新闻标题eg: Workers face tough times abroad. 6.按时刻表或按规定计划、安排将要放生的动作（常见动词如：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, takeoff, return, stop, open, close等）eg: The train leaves at 4:30 . 注意：here, there, now, then 等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look! Here comes the bus. 一般过去时表示:1.过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态eg: He often cried when he was a boy. 2.过去某时的状态或动作 eg: I went to the bank just now. 3.用于 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…，表示实现不知道或不记得，但现在已经知道或记得的事情。eg: I didn’t know you were here. Sorry, I forgot to bring my book. 注意：表示过去经常发生的动作，也可以用“used to do…”和“ would do” 一般将来时表示：1.现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态eg: Tom will come next week. 2.事物的固有属性或必然趋势eg: Oil will float in water. Fish will die without water. 3.对将来某个动作的安排、计划eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening. 注意：将来时常见表达形式：will/ shall do; be going to do; be to do; be about to do （此形式不能与时间状语连用） 现在进行时表示：1.此时此刻正在发生的动作eg: I’m studying English now. 2.现阶段正在发生的动作eg: We are building our socialism. 3.情况的暂时性eg: I don’t really work here. I am just helping until the secretary arrives. 4.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示参上或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行eg: He is always helping others. She is always forgetting something. 5.按计划、安排近期发生的动作（只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等动词）eg: A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 注意：不宜用进行时的动作：感觉类： look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear 心态类：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, thin, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 所有类：have, contain, won, hold, belong to 过去进行时表示：1.过去某一时刻或阶段发生的动作eg: He was watching TV this time yesterday. 2.与 always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示赞赏或亚无等感情色彩eg: Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself. 3.过去计划、安排好的将来动作（只限于 come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay 等动词）eg: He said he was leaving the next day. I was told the train was starting soon. 注意：过去进行时可用来描绘故事发生的背景，如：The wind was blowing and it was raining hard. 过去将来时表示：1.过去某一时刻后将要发生的过去动作或过去的意图、打算（主要用于宾语从句中）eg: She was sure she would succeed. I thought you would come. 注意：把一般将来时中的助动词变成过去式，便成了过去将来时的表达形式 现在完成时表示：1.现在已完成或刚刚完成且对现在有影响的动作eg: I have finished my homework. 2.表示始于过去持续至今的动作或状态eg: He’s lived here since 2005. I’ve taught English for 15 years. 3.到目前为止的一段时间内，多少次或第几次做某事eg: He’s been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I’ve seen the film. 4.将来某时将要做完的动作（仅限于时间和条件状语从句）eg: Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 5.发生在过去的，但已成为现在的经历或经验eg: We’ve all played with snow and ice.注意：没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”为止的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。短暂性动词的肯定式不能与时间段连用。“in the pass/ last+时间段”要与现在完成时连用。 have gone to 表示人在去所指地方的路上或已在所指地方；have been to表示人曾到过所指的地方，但现在不在所指地方。 过去完成时表示：1.过去某时间前已发生的动作或情况eg: Marx had learned some English before he came to London. 2.过去某动作前已发生的另一动作eg: The train had left when I got to the station. 3.始于过去持续至过去灵异事件，也许仍将延续下来的动作eg: He said he had been in the Party for 10 years. 4.过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望（只限于 think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose, wish, want等动词）eg: I had planned to see you yesterday, but the rain prevented me. 注意：过去完成时必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。 Before，after 本身“前”“后”明显，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如“He (had) left before I arrived” （二）被动语态 1.被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由助动词be加动词的过去分词构成。助动词be随着主动的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。被动语态的各种时态形式见下表：
高考英语专题复习：动词时态和语态 一、考点聚焦 1、动词时态考查要点简述 （1）一般现在时考点分析①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. Water boils at 100o C. ②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多 用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. ③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如： I know what you mean. Smith owns a car and a house. All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. ④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 ⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. Tomorrow is Wednesday. （2）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。 ①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：