英美文学史复习资料-全

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==英国文学史复习资料篇一：英国文学史复习资料英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted invast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer‘s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some wordsin a sentencebegin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled wayUnderstatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创―双韵体‖，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

《英美文学史》练习题I.Multiple Choices: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The white whale, Moby Dick, symbolizes _______ for Melville, for it is complex, unfathomable, malignant, and beautiful as well.A.SocietyB. natureC. ocean animalsD. human being2.After the American Civil War, the literary interest in the so-called "reality" of life started a new period in the American literary writings know an the Age of ________ .A. Realism B . Reason and Revolution C . RomanticismD. Enlightenment3.The ______ A ge of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.A. Lost B . Jazz C . ReasonD . Gilded4.Eugene O'Neill is regarded as the founder of American _______ .A. poetryB. dramaC. fictionD. literature5.As a literary figure, Shylock appears in _______ .A. Jane EyreB. The Merchant of VeniceC. Withering HeightD. Middlemarch6.The ______ A ge of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in The Great Gatsby.A. LostB. JazzC. Reason D . Gilded7.Contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, the modern English novel gives a realistic presentation of life of _______ .A. the common English peopleB. the upper classC. nobility and the landed gentryD.the enterprising landlords8.In William Faulkner's writings, the modem _____ technique was frequently and skillfully used to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator.A. archetypalB. deconstructionistC. stream-of-consciousnessD. structuralist9.Edgar Allan Poe put forward the following literary ideas EXCEPT _______ .A.Poems should be as long as Homer's epics.B.Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetic tones.C.He stressed the principle of concenlration and thematic totality.D.Poems should be short enough so that it can be read at one sitting.10.Mark Twain wrote the following novels EXCEPT ______ .A. Jumping FrogB. Life on the MississippiC. The Wings of DoveD. The Adventures of Tom SawyerII. Match the writers and works under the two columns, and put the letter of the work in the bracket before the author's name. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the III. Explain the following terms. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Alliteration2. Hemingway Code Hero3. American Drcam4. Black HumorIV. Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1.ANSWER SHEET.( )1. James Joyce()2. Harriet Bccchcr Stowe( )3. Emily Dickinson()4. William FaulknerFoundling()5. Charles DickensHuckleberry Finn()6. Henry Fielding( )7. Ernest Hemingway()8. John Keats()9. Alfred, Lord Tennyson ()10. Mark Twaina. The Sound and the Furyb. The Old Mem and the Seac. Ode to a Nightingaled. The History of Tome Jones, ae. The Adventures off. Break, Break, Breakg. Uncle Tom 's Cabinh. Dublinersi. A Tale of Two Citiesj. Because I could not stop for Death()11. Percy Bysshe Shelley ()12.T. S. Eliot ()13. O. Henry ()14. Kale Chopin ()15. Robert Frost ()16. Jonathan Swift ()17. Virginia Woolf ()18. John Milton ()19. Charlotte Bronte ()20. D. H. Lawrencea. The Road Not Takenb. Gulliver s Travelsc. Paradise Lostd. Jane Eyree. Sons and Loversf Mrs Dallowayg. The Waste Landh. The Cop and the Anthemi. The A wakeningj. Ode to the West WindQuotation: "'My boy!' said the old gentleman, leaning over the desk. Oliver startled at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently and burst into tears.” (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist) Questions: Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when th e words were “kindly" said.2.T shall be telling this with a sighSomewhere ages and ages hence:Two roads diverged in a wood, and I —I took the one less traveled by,And that has made all the difference."Questions:(1)Identify the poem and the poet.(2)What does the phrase "ages and ages hence,, mean?(3)What idea does the quoted passage express?V.Answer the following question: How should we learn literature, Or what shall we do whenwe learn? Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.《英美文学史》练习题答题纸I.Multiple Choices: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1 -5: _________________ 6-10: __________________________II.Match the writers and works under the two columns, and put the letter of the work in the bracket before the author's name. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET. (2* x 10= 20')I.( ) 2, ( ) 3.( )4.( ) 5.( ) 6.( ) 7,( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10.()II.( ) 12.( ) 13,( ) 14,( ) 15.( ) 16.( ) 17.( ) 18.( ) 19.( ) 20.()III.Define the literary terms listed below. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Alliteration2.Hemingway Code Hero3.American Dream4.Black HumorIV.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.V.Answer the following question: How should we learn literature, Or what shall we do when we learn? Write your answers in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.《英美文学史》练习题答案I.Multiple Choices: Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.参考答案:1-5 ： BABB B 6-10: B AC ACII.Match the writers and works under the two columns, and put the letter of the work in the bracket before the author's name.参考答案：L(h) 2.(g)3.(j) 4.(a) 5・(i) 6.(d) 7.(b) 8.(c) 9.(f) 10.(e)11.(j) 12. (g) 13. (h) 14. (i) 15.(a) 16. (b) 17.(f) 18.(c) 19. (d) 20. ( e )III.Define the literary terms listed below.参考答案Alliteration: alliteration means a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a line or group. Alliteration is a traditional poetic device in English literature. Robert Frost's "'Acquainted with the Night,, is a case in point: T have stood still and stopped the sound of feet".1.Hemingway Code Hero: Hemingway Code Hero, also called code hero, is one who, wounded but strong more sensitive, enjoys the pleasures of life (sex, alcohol, sport) in face of ruin and death, and maintains, through some notion of a code, an ideal of himself. Barnes in the Sun also Rises, Henry in a Farewell to Arms and Santiago in the Old Man and the Sea are typical of Hemingway Code Hero.2.American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long ashe/she works hard enough. It usually implies a successful and satisfying life. It usually framed in.............................密...............封......................................... 线terms of American capitalism, its associated purported meritocracy, and the freedoms guaranteed bythe U.S. Bill of Rights.3.Black Humor: the use of morbid and the absurd for darkly comic purposes in modem fiction and drama. The term refers as much to the tone of anger and bitterness as it does to the grotesque andmorbid situations, which often deal with suffering, anxiety, and death. Black humor is a substantial element in the Anti-novel and the Theatre of Absurd. Joseph Heller's Catch-22 is an almostarchetypal example.IV.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answersin the corresponding space on the answer sheet.参考答案:1. The boy startled at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) thefirst time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had ever been "kindly" greeted; strange soundsmay predict another suffering/ misfortune/ torture/...) (At least one example from the text isexpected to back up the above statement)2.(1)Robert Frost: "The Road Not Taken”.(2)Many many years later.(3)The speaker is telling his experience of making the choice of the roads. But he is conscious ofthe fact that his choice will have made all the difference in his life. He seems to be giving asuggestion to the reader. u make good choice of your life."V.Answer the following question: How should we learn literature, Or what aspects shall we learn about literature? Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.参考答案Learn about the the social and political context for each period;(1)Learn about the major literary schools and their distinguishing characteristics;(2)Representative authors of each period and their major works;(3)When wc study a specific literary text, pay attention to: Contcnt-thc idea the writer wants to express through the work; meaning; fonn-diction, figures of speech, as well as larger elements, such as plot, theme, lone, characterization, narrative technique etc;(4)Be an active reader; read , think and write sth. on an author or work you are interested in..............................密...............封 ......................................... 线(5)Some knowledge of history, philosophy, psychology, aesthetics and other disciplines can help learn literature better.。

选择10X2分填空10X3分名词解释5X4分简答5X4分论述1X10分选择&填空各章重要知识点：包扌臣各历史时期的文学流派特点标志，重要的代表作家及主要作品，作品的主要情节和主要人物。

名词解释&简答BeowulfepicalliterationballadRomanceHeroic CoupletsBlank VerseChaucer and The Canterbuiy Tales WilliamShakespeare&his great works SonnetMetaphysical PoetsThe RenaissanceEnlightenment RomanticismCritical RealismImagismModernismThe Stream of Consciousness 诗歌格律韵式辨析John Milton and Paradise LostJohn Bunyan and The Pilgrim? sProgress HumanismEnlightenmentNeoclassicismSentimantalism浪漫主义的重要诗人和代表作Byronic HeroesDramatic MonologueCritical RealismOedipus Complex 论述ChaucerShakespeareJohn MiltonHenry FieldingCharles DickensJane AustenThomas HardyRenaissance特点：1. There was a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and an expression of the general dissatisfaction at the Catholic and feudal ideas.2eHumanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.Representative Figures1） Thomas More Utopia2） Thomas Wyatt He was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.3） John Lyly the novel Eupheus gave rise to the term "euphuisrrT（绮丽体）euphuism refers to an affectedly elegant literary style of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, characterized by elaborate alliteration, antitheses（对照）,and similes（明喻）•4） Christopher Marlowe Timur （《巾占木丿L》）he is known for his magnificent blank verse,《帖木儿》是一部英雄剧，塑造了一个叱咤风云却又野心勃勃的征服者形象，充分体现了文艺复兴时期的巨人精神。

英国文学简史复习资料（整理版）第一篇：英国文学简史复习资料(整理版)I.Old English Literature & the Late Medieval Ages 贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340(?)~1400 The father of English poetry.① 坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use …heroic couplet‟(双韵体)by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ 声誉之宫II The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry.The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival: 1.new discoveries in geography and astrology 2.the religious reformation and economic expansion 3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture The most famous dramatists:Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson.William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616① Historical plays: Henry VI 亨利六世;Henry IV : Richard III 查理三世;Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜;第十二夜;< A Midsummer Night‟S Dream>仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually iniambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.⑤the comedy of errors 错中错，Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯，The Taming of the shrew 驯悍记Love's labour's lost（爱的徒劳）Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Much ado about nothing（无事生非）The merry wives of Windsor.温莎的风流娘们King John 约翰王All's well that ends well 终成眷属Measure for measure（一报还一报）Bacon: Of Studies;Of Beauty;Of Marriage and Single Life English Bourgeois Revolution，学术的推进 III：the period of the English bourgeois ton：1608~1674Paradise Lost;Samson Agonistes(力士参孙);On the morning of Christ’s Nativity，复乐园我的失明论出版自由为英国人民声辩Bunyan: 1628~1688 ①Religionary Allegory:天路历程Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner;the Holy War John Don: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,(形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）The Flea;跳蚤Forbbiding Mourning，Songs And Sonnets歌与十四行诗，emergent occasions 突变引起的诚念Hely sonnets IV The 18th Century：EnlightenmentA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)and accuracy The Age ofEnlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)Gothic novel(哥特式小说)：mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家 a master satirist。

英美文学期末复习资料1 (20%)题型为选择题。

参考邮箱课件后选择题。

英美文学选读期末复习资料2 (30%)题型为填空和名词解释Literature refers to writings that are valued as works of art, esp. fiction, drama and poetry.Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry with over 3,000 lines, is regarded today as the national epic of the english people.Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. Popular subjects for romances: King Arthur of Britain and the knights of the Round Table.A sonnet is a lyric invariably of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter , restricted to a definite rhyme scheme .The 14th century is called “Age of Chaucer”. His masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales.An extended metaphor is often called a conceit.Soliloquy is a speech in a play which the character speaks to himself or herself or to the people watching rather than to the other characters.Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy about two young “star-cross‘d lovers”whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families.Francis Bacon introduced the essay as a literary form into the English language.John Donne is the leading figure of the“metaphysical school.”All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.In 1797 Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and the two poets became very good friends. They collaborated on a book of poems entitled Lyrical Ballads, first published in 1798The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as the “Lake Poets.”Jane Austen is the only important female author in the 18-19th century英美文学选读期末复习资料3 (30%)指出作者，作品名及选文大意To be，or not to be：that is the question：“To be” is to continue to live, or to take action. “not to be” is to die, or to do nothing but suffering, to end one’s life by self- destruction. It is a dilemma of trying to determine the meaning of life and deathIt is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.it briskly introduces the arrival of Mr. Bingley at Netherfield—the event that sets the novel in motion—this sentence also offers a miniature sketch of the entire plot, which concerns itself with the pursuit of “single men in possession of a good fortune”by various female characters. The preoccupation with socially advantageous marriage in nineteenth-century English society manifests itself here, for in claiming that a single man “must be in want of a wife,”the narrator reveals that the reverse is also true: a single woman, whose socially prescribed options are quite limited, is in (perhaps desperate) want of a husband.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring ; for ornament , is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.英美文学选读期末复习资料4 (10%)分析以下诗歌，见邮箱！Sonnet18Death Be Not PrideThe Sick RoseI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud英美文学选读期末复习资料5 (10%)分析以下小说Jane EyreAnalysis of the workThe work is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian age. It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions such as Lowood School where poor girls are trained, through constant starvation and humiliation, to be humble slaves, the social discrimination Jane experiences first as a dependent at her aunt's house and later as a governess at Thornfield, and the false social convention as concerning love and marriageAt the same time, it is an intense moral fable. Jane, like Mr. Rochester, has to undergo aseries of physical and moral tests to grow up and achieve her final happiness.The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine.Analysis of the HeroineJane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways, and even is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him, cuts a completely new woman image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. The vivid description of her intense feelings and her thought and inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience.Robinson CrusoeCharacterizationRobinson is a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist .Artistic FeaturesDefoe was a very good story-teller. Defoe had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible，and fascinating. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best.注：以上只是仅供参考的复习资料，更全面的资料请自行下载本学期课件，邮箱ygwxxd@密码12345。

《英美文学选读》复习指导资料《英美文学选读》复习指导资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。

主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。

选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。

三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。

Part 1 English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．Geoffrey Chaucer 的文学贡献二．练习：1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The period of ______ English literature begins from about 450 to 1066, the year of ______.A. Old----RenaissanceB. Middle---- the Norman Conquest of EnglandC. Middle ---- RenaissanceD. Old---- the Norman Conquest of England2).. The Medieval period in English literature extends from 1066 up to the ______ century.A. mid-13thB. mid-14thC. mid-15thD. mid-16th3). Beowulf, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons.A. sonnetB. essayC. epicD. novel4). In The Canterbury Tales, ______ presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. William ShakespeareC. Francis BaconD. William Langland5). For the Renaissance, ______ was regarded as the English Homer. His reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and ______.A. Geoffrey Chaucer----witsB. William Shakespeare----witsC. Geoffrey Chaucer----humanityD. William Shakespeare----humanity6). After the conquest of 1066, three languages co-existed in England. They are ______, ______ and ______.A. Old English, Greek, LatinB. Old English, French, LatinC. Old English, Greek, FrenchD. English, Greek, French7). Geoffrey Chaucer is the greatest writer of the Medieval period in English literature. In “The Legend of Good Women”, he used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the ______.A. coupletB. blank verseC. heroic coupletD. epic8). Thematically the poem “Beowulf” presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggle against the hostile forces of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ______.A. spiritual----heroB. natural----leaderC. spiritual----godD. natural----monster9). It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new ______ to come.A. manB. theoryC. doctrineD. era10). Geoffrey Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace the Old English ______ verse.A. rhymedB. alliterativeC. socialD. visionary2. Explain the following literal terms.1). Romance2). Heroic Couplet3). Epic3. Answer the following questions.1). How many groups do the Old English poetry divided into? What are they? Which group does Beowulf belong to? Why?2). What is the contribution of Geoffrey Chaucer to English literature?Chapter1. The Renaissance Period一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：Renaissance Period1. Choose the best answer for each blank.1). The Renaissance, in essence, is a historical period in which the European ______ thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.A. Greek and RomanB. humanistC. religiousD. loyal2). Generally, the ______ refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.A. Medieval PeriodB. RenaissanceC. Old English PeriodD. Romantic Period3). ______ is the essence of the Renaissance. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and _______ are the best representatives of the English humanists.A. Humanity---- William ShakespeareB. Humanism-----Francis BaconC. Humanity---- Geoffrey ChaucerD. Humanism----William Shakespeare4). The Elizabethan ______ is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and______.A. novel--- Geoffrey ChaucerB. poetry----Francis BaconC. drama----Ben JonsonD. drama----Geoffrey Chaucer5). Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and ______ civilization was based on such a conception that ______ is the measure of all things.A. Roman ---- moralB. French---- reasonC. Roman---- manD. French---- God6).One of the major result of the Reformation in England was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English instead of ______ so that peoplecould understand.A. LatinB. FrenchC. GreekD. Anglo-Saxon7). Wyatt, in the Renaissance period, introduced the Petrarchan ______ into England, while Surrey brought in ______ verse.A. drama----freeB. sonnet----blankC. terzarima----blankD. couplet----free8). In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and ______ were the most outstandingforms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel9). By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, ______ voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.A. humanistsB. ProtestantsC. CatholicsD. playwrights10). ______ was the first important English essayist. He was also the founder of modern science inEngland.A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. Ben Jonson2. Explain the following literal terms.1). the Renaissance Period2). blank verse3). Humanism3. Answer the following questions.1). Make a comment on the influence of Italian literary works upon the literature in the Renaissance England.2). Make a comment on humanism3). What are the typical characteristics of literary works produced in Renaissance England?文艺复兴时期的主要作家。

英美文学复习资料，欢迎转载和补充，没有版权。

Term definition1.A ballad(歌谣) is a story told in song, usually in 4-linestanzas（诗的一节）, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.When it was chanted（吟唱） by ballad-singers, the audience joined a refrain（重复） which usually followed each stanza.2.Pentameter（五步格诗）isa common pattern of beats in Englishpoetry in which each line consists of 5feet.3.Epic（史诗） is a longand exalted（高尚的）narrativepoem,usually on a serious subject centered on a heroic figure.4.Romance is aliterary genre（流派）in verse or in prose popular inthemiddle ages. It deals with legendary , supernatural oranonymous（无个性特征的）subjects and characters. Theromance of the middle ages was a form of chivalric（骑士的）and romantic literature.5.Chivalry（骑士精神）is the code of manners and moralsof aknight.6.Blank verse is a succession of unrhymed iambic（短长格的）pentameters primarily an English form and has been used in the loftiest（崇高的） epic and dramatic versefromShakespeare and Milton to the present.7.Sonnet is a poem of 14 lines,usually in iambic pentameter,restricted to a definite rhyme scheme. There aretwoprominent types: the Elizabethan, or Shakespearean sonnet.8.Stanza is a groupof lines whose pattern is repeated throughoutthe poem.9.Meter isthe result of stresses recurring（循环的）at fixed intends.10.Alliteration（押头韵）is a poetical form, in which certainaccented（带口音的） words in a line begin with the same consonant（和谐的） sounds.11.Heroic couplets are two rhyme iambic pentameter lines whichwas made popular by pop in the18c. This form is oftenused in epics and heroic dramas. Alexander emptied these heroic dramas withgreat effort.12.Spenserian Stanza is a special verse form that consists of eightiambic pentameter linesfollowed by a ninth line of six iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.13.Renaissance（文艺复兴）refers to the period between the14th and mid-17th centuries. It, in essence, is a historical period inwhich the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid ofthose feudalist ideas in medieval （中世纪的）Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressedtheinterests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the earlychurch from the corruption of the Roman Catholicchurch.14.The metaphysical（玄学派诗歌的） poetry is a school of poetrythatappeared at about the beginning of 17th century, represented by JohnDonne. The works of the metaphysical poetry arecharacterized, generallyspeaking, by mysticism（神秘主义）in content and fantasticality in form.15.EnlightenmentMovement isa progressive intellectualmovement, a furtherance（促进） of theRenaissance, with its purpose to enlighten the whole world with the light ofmodern philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlightenerscelebrated reason,equality, and science, with AlexanderPope, Joseph Addison, Jonathan Swift,Daniel Defoe, and Henry Fielding as the famous representatives.16.Classicism isa literary tendency of a revival of interestin the old classical works.According to the classicists, all forms of literature were to be modeled afterthe classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers (Homer,Virgil,Horace, Ovid, etc.). They believed that the artistic ideas should be order,logic, restrained emotion, andaccuracy, and that literature should be judgedin terms of its service to humanity.17.Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in Englishliterature of themiddle and later decades of the 18th century, represented by Thomas Gray. Itjustly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations and the gross（恶劣的）social injustices brought about by the bourgeois revolutions. Itembracesa pessimistic（悲观主义的）outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution, marked by asincere sympathy forthe poverty-stricken, expropriated（被征地的）peasants.Short Answer Questions1.features of Beowulf： The most striking feature in itspoeticalform is the use of alliteration. Other feature of Beowulf are the use ofmetaphors(隐喻) and of understatements （保守的陈述）.P52.artisticfeatures of Piers the Plowman：Itis written in theform of a dream vision, and the author tells his story underthe guise of having dreamed. The poem is also anallegory(预言)which uses symbolism to relate truth but isa realistic picture of medieval(中世纪的)England. P153.Christopher Marlowe’sliterary achievement s: He reformedthe English drama and perfected the verse ofdramatic works.Marlowe’s dramatic achievements lies chiefly in hisepical(叙述诗), and attimes lyrical（抒情诗），verse. His work paved the way for the play of the greatestEnglish dramatist—Shakespeare. P554.the popularforms of drama before the reign ofElizabeth :Miracle plays, morality plays,interludes(幕间节目)andclassical plays—such were forms of dramaprevailing until the reign ofElizabeth. P475.the fourperiods of Shakespeare’s dramatic career : Thefirst period is the period ofhis apprenticeship(学徒)in play-writing, as a newcomer to London, madeexperiments ina number of dramatic forms. The second period is hismatureperiod, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. Thethird period is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. P60-66 6.the a greatcomedies and 4 great tragedies of Shakespeare :AMidsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It andTwelfth Night have been called Shakespeare’s “great co medies”. Four greattragedies of Shakespeare areOthello,King Lear, Macbeth, and Hamlet. P67 P807.features of Shakespeare’sdrama : Shakespeare’s dramas arereflect the realistic world. Shakespeare’s dramaticcreation often used themethod adaptation. Shake speare’s long experience with the stage and hisintimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master handforplaywriting. P91-938.the image ofSatan: Satan is a real hero in ParadiseLost whowas obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell, he isthe spirit questioning the authority of God. P1089.a summery ofJohn Milton: Milton was political in both hislife and his art, he wrote thegreatest epic in English literature. Milton is a master of the blank verse(无韵诗),he is agreat stylist(文体学家)and has always been admired for his sublimity(崇高) of thought andmajesty(威严)ofexpression. P11110.Henry Fielding’s views on realistic novel: Theexactobservation and study of real life was the basis of Fielding’s work, the centreof Fielding’s workingphilosophy was Man, the profound knowledge of humannature displayed in his novels. P16911.the character of Robinson Crusoe : Robinson Crusoe, a dogand two cats, somecannibals(食人族), a young Negro Friday, the captain of anEnglish ship. 151-15212.rules of classical creation : Rimed couplet(对句) insteadof blank verse, the three unities oftime, palce, and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation oftypes rather than individuals—these weresome of standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following theancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric, ordramatic, andeach class should be guided by some peculiar principles. Prose should beprecise, direct and flexible.P47 Work Analysis1.Please mak e an analysis of “Hamlet” andthe character ofHamlet: Hamlet is considered the summit of Shakespeare’sart.The story comes from an old Danish legend. Before Shakespeare, Thomas Kydhad written a play on the same subject. It was a tragedy of “blood andthunder.” But under Shakespeare’s pen, the medieval story assumed a newmeaning. Hamlet is neither a frail and weak-minded youth nor athought-sickbook-worm. In the play nobody thinks of him that way. Though he is deprived ofhis right to the throne, he is still loved and respected by everyone. Hamlet isa humanist,a man who is free from medieval prejudices andsuperstitions.Starting from his humanist love of man, he turns to those around him with thesame eagerness. Hisintellectual genius is outstanding. P84-872.the theme and characters of Shakespeare’s A Merchant of Venice : This is a great irony and comedy. The script is the subject of praise love, friendship and love, at the same time also reflects the business of early capitalism and thebourgeoisie sharks conflict between the performance of the authors of bourgeois society, money. Legal and religious issues such as the humanistic ideas. It plays an important literary achievement, this Shylock is the shape of the mercenary, ruthless typical image of sharks. Bassanio is a man loved Portia deeply, he could do anything for her. Portia is beautiful, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an emergency. Antonio cherished his friendship and bear death for Bassanio , take everything from shylock without a single complain. Shylock is an avaricious money-lender, he is a Jew of pride and deep religious instincts.P683.the story,theme, and characters of John Milton’s ParadiseLost: Story The fallen angels led by freedom-loving Satanwho rose against God himself were finally defeated, Satan goes to Eden to persuade Eve to breakGod’s command, and Eve and Adam were both deprived of immortality and exiledformParadise and doomed to anearthly life full of hardship and sufferings. The main idea of the poem is arevolt against God’s authority. In Paradise lost God is no better than a selfish despot, his long speeches arenever pleasing, his Archangel is a bore,his angels are silly. Satan is by far the most striking character in the poem, Satanis a real heroin Paradise Lost whowas obeyed and admired by those who follow him down to hell, he is the spiritquestioning the authority of God. Adam and Eve craving for knowledge, adds aparticular significant characters. This longing forknowledge opens beforemankind a wide road to an intelligent and active life.P107-1084.structure andan analysis of Gulliver’s Travels: Inthe firstpart Gulliver describes hisshipwreck in Lilliput where the tallest people were six inches high, the secondpart is the voyage to Brobdingnag is described, the third part is a satire onphilosophers and projectors, the last partGulliver’s satire is of thebitterest. Swift hated all kinds of oppression—political, economical and religious,hecherished a great love for the peoplethat he wrote in the second part of Gulliv er’stravels.Swift’s Gulliver’s travels gives an unparalleled(前所未有的)satiricaldepiction(描写) of the vices of hisage. In many of his other famous works he addresses himself to thecommonpeople. And this is strikingly shown in hispamphlets(小册子) on Ireland.P141-1425.thecharacterization of Tom Jones : TomJones, the foundling , is a handsome young man. He is frank and open, kind,disinterested,and ,tough quick-tempered, devoid of malice. Blifil issober,discreet(谨慎的) and pious（虔诚的）beyond his age, extremely “careful ofhis money”, and skilled in bringing himself into favor with his patron by arespectful appearance and ready flattery. Sophia Western, the heroine of the book,is the “Somersetshire(索美塞夏特)angel.” Sheis her father’s “little darling,” and she returns al l his affection withangelic tenderness. Squire Western, Sophia’s father, is a boorish old huntingsquire. All his thoughts and interests are concentrated “ether in the field,the stable, or the dog-kennel. ” Partridge is Tom’s companion in his adventureson t he road, and an English Sancho Panza. He is a Jack-of-all-trades—schoolmaster, clerk, barber, surgeon and tailor.P165-168。

英美文学鉴赏复习资料英美文学复习材料Jeffery ChaucerFather/founder of English PoetryMajor works:The Romaunt of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会》Troilus and Criseyde 《特鲁伊罗斯和克里塞德》The Legend of Good Women《好女人传》The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》The Canterbury TalesThe story of a group of thirty people who travel as pilgrims to Canterbury.A rich, tapestry (织锦)of medieval social life combining elements of all classes, from nobles to workers, from priests and nuns to drunkards and thieves.London dialectThe General Prologue consists of character sketches of each member of the group that is going to Canterbury.The Canterbury TalesSome of the charactersThe Knight :the first story tellerThe Prioress 女修道院副院长The MerchantThe Wife of Bath 巴斯妇: the first female figure in British literaturePoor PriestWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616)RenaissanceMeaning: rebirth or revivalTime: began in the 14th century, end in the 17th century.Place: began in Italy, later spread to France, Spain and England.A keen interest in the Greek and Latin culture; the art and science of ancient Greece and Rome were being born again after long years of neglect.Essence: humanismWilliam ShakespeareWorks37 plays2 long narrative poems154 sonnetsWilliam ShakespeareDrama:Tragedies- Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Othello, Romeo and JulietComedies-As You Like It, The Merchants of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Night’s Dream,The Taming of the Shrew,Twelfth NightHistories-Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VIII, Richard III, Romances/tragicomedie s: Cymbeline, The TempestRomeo and JulietCharacters: The Montagues / The CapuletsPlotThemeAct II, Scene IIThe balcony sceneOne of the romantic peaks of the play.In this scene, Romeo has employed three comparisons toexpress his admiration for Juliet: the sun, twinkling stars, a bright angel.William Shakespeare :SonnetA sonnet is a lyric invariably of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter五音步抑扬格, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme韵律.Three types of sonnet1) Petrarchan sonnet (彼特拉克体/意大利十四行诗)2) Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗）3) Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚/英国体十四行诗Shakespearian Sonnet3 quatrains + a coupletabab cdcd efef ggSonnet 18―Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?‖Theme: A nice summer day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last forever. Thus Shakespeare expresses his faith in the permanence of poetry, of art and love. ?Sonnet 29 Theme: The power of love can overcome all the difficulties and obstacles in one’s lifetime.RomanticismBegins with the publication of Lyrical Ballads (1798) and ends with the death of Sir Walter Scott(1832).Pre-romantic poets: William Blake, Robert BurnsActive romantic poets: George Gordon Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John Keats ?Passive romantic poets / Lake Poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey.Robert BurnsFarmer poet/national poet of ScotlandWrite in Scottish dialectThemes of poetry are life of the common Scotch, love, friendship, ect.―A Red, Red Rose": four stanzas; a ballad form; love; figures of speech―Auld Lang Syne‖: friendship, parting-songWilliam WordsworthPoet Laureate 桂冠诗人Collaborate with Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads: a declaration of romanticism ?Define Poetry as ―the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility‖.A worshipper of nature― I Wandered Lonely as Cloud‖: four six-line stanzas; iambic tetrameter; rhyme scheme: ababcc; theme: the harmony between things in nature and the harmony between nature and the poet himself/ Nature' s beauty uplifts the human spirit.―Composed Upon Westminster Bridge‖: a Petrarchan sonnet; abbaabba cdcdcd ;describing London in an early morning; figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personificationPercy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)one of the leading romantic poetsloved people and hated the oppressors and exploitersHis wife: Mary Shelley Frankenstein 《弗兰肯斯坦》Major works:The Necessity of Atheism 《无神论的必要性》Queen Mab 《仙后麦布》Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗米修斯》Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》Ode to a Skylark 《云雀颂》A Defence of Poetry 《诗辩》The Masque of Anarchy 《暴政的行列》Ode to the West WindOde: a long lyric poem that is serious in subject, elevated in style, and elaborate in its structure. It is written to praise and glorify somebody or to eulogize something. ?Form: 1. Every stanza is a sonnet; five stanzas of iambic pentameter.2. Every stanza consists of 4 terza rima（三行诗隔句押韵法）+ couplet. ?Structure: stanza 1-3: activities of the west wind on the earth, in the sky and on the sea. Stanza 4-5: the poet’s wish to be free like the wind.Ode to the West WindTheme: 1. Revolutionary spirit; 2. Wish to destroy the old and build up a new world. ?The art of language:1. The use of alliteration, capitalization, end rhyme, ect.2. many figures of speech: simile /metaphor / personificiton / allusion / symbolJane Austen (1775-1817)The first important English woman novelistWriting style:Theme: mostly about love and marriageLanguage: simple, humorous, witty, ironicPlot: straightforward, little actionCharacters: like real living personsDialogues: true to lifeShe called her work ―a fine engraving made upon a little piece of ivory only two inches square‖ (―两寸牙雕‖)A very narrow literary fieldBut within her own field, she is unrivaled: vivid portrait of her major characters and realistic and colorful pictures of the life and manners of the upper middle class in rural England of her timeJane AustenMajor works:Northanger Abbey《诺桑觉寺》(1818)Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》(1811)Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》(1813)Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德庄园》(1814)Emma 《艾玛》(1816)Persuasion 《劝导》(1818)Pride and Prejudice―It is a truth universally ack nowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.‖Main characters/plot/themeDialoguesCharacter analysis: Mr. and Mrs. Bennet; Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy; Jane and Mr. BingleyPride/prejudiceCharles Dickens (1812 –1870)Victorian novelistRepresentative writer of critical realismcritical realism:1. Objectivity :truly reflected the life of the Capitalist Society2. Criticalness: deeply exposed and criticized Feudal aristocracy and the capitalists; advocated humanism & pursue the truth3. Typicality :Use typical characters in a certain environment.Charles DickensMajor works:《匹克威克外传》（The Pickwick Papers）《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）《老古玩店》（The Old Curiosity Shop）《美国纪行》（American Notes）《圣诞颂歌》（A Christmas Carol）《董贝父子》（Dombey and Son）《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）《荒凉山庄》（Bleak House）《艰难时世》（Hard Times）《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities）《我们共同的朋友》（Our Mutual Friend）A Tale of Two CitiesTwo cities: Paris and LondonSet in London and Paris before and during the French RevolutionThree groups of people:The feudal aristocrat：Marquis（侯爵）Evremond 封建贵族The revolutionary masses：Ms Defarge 革命群众Ideal persons: Doctor Manette; Lucy Manette; Charles Darney; Sydney Carton 理想化人物A Tale of Two CitiesIt was the best of times, it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, i it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,we had everything before us, we had nothing before us,we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way。

英美文学史复习标准版1（盎格鲁萨克逊时期到盎格鲁罗曼）时期划分c---century---Early&Medieval literature: The Anglo-Saxon period(5c-11c)和The Anglo-Norman period(11c-15c)---Renaissance(16c) 文艺复兴---Revolution&Restoration (17c)资产阶级革命与王权复辟---Enlightenment (18c)启蒙运动---Romantic Period(1798-1832 19c) 浪漫主义时期一．The Anglo-Saxon period(496-1066)1.pagan异教徒Christian基督徒2.代表作：The song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》异教徒诗歌（national epic 民族史诗，英国史上第一部史诗）采用了暗喻（metaphor）和押头韵（alliterate）的手法。

内容：讲述了挪威一个勇士贝奥武甫与怪物格伦德尔搏斗，使其断臂而死。

怪物之母为子复仇，又被他追踪杀死。

后来他做了国王。

一次火龙来犯，他挺身斩龙，伤中而死。

人民为他举行了隆重的丧礼。

三次战斗 a.与格伦德尔Grendelb.与格伦德尔的母亲Grendel’s motherc.与火龙firedrake二．The Anglo-Norman period（1066-1350）1.Romance传奇描写的是骑士的冒险精神和典雅爱情，表现骑士为获得荣誉、保护宗教或赢得贵妇人的爱情而到处冒险的骑士精神的文学。

2.代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》押头韵（alliterate）描写的是古代亚瑟王属下一个“圆桌骑士”Knights of the Round 的奇遇。

基本情节是：某年圣诞节，亚瑟王在自己的宫廷里举行宴会。

Chapter 1 Old and Medieval EnglishLiterature(450—1066-1340)1.Beowulf: a typical example of Old English poetry is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.2.Romance:①It uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.②It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions. There are often mysteries and fantasies in romance.④Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance.Characterization is standardized, While the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.⑤The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.2. Heroic couplet:Heroic couplet is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. It is Chaucer who used it for the first time in English in his work The Legend of Good Woman.3. The theme of Beowulf:The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. The poem is an example of the mingling of the nature myths and heroic legends.5. Chaucer’s achievement:①He presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales.②He anticipated a new ear, the Renaissance, to come under the influence of the Italian writers.③He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.④He greatly contributed to the maturing of English poetry. Today, Chaucer’s reputation has been securely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity.6. “The F ather of English poetry”:Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations.①Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it.②In The Romaunt of the Rose (玫瑰传奇), he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet (八音节对偶句).③In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.④And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charm for the first time in the history of English literature.⑤His art made him one of the greatest poets in English; John Dryden called him “the father of English poetry”.【例题】The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________. (0704)A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confession AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight【答案】BChapter 2: The Renaissance Period(14th—mid-17th Century)1.The Renaissance:The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th & 17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. 2. Humanism:Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side. Through the new learning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, but the human values represented in the works. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.Ⅰ. William Shakespeare1. The bibliographyWilliam Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets the world has ever known.3. The major contributions38 plays (historical plays, tragedies and comedies)2 narrative poems: Venus, The Rape of Lucrece154 sonnets4. His play-creationfive historical plays: Henry IV, part I, II, and III; Richard III; and Titus Andronicus（泰特斯, 提图斯）.four Comedies, including: The Comedy of Errors; The Two Gentlemen of Verona（维罗纳）; The Taming of the Shrew（泼妇的驯服）, and Love’s Labor’s LostFive historical: Richard II, King John, Henry IV, part I, II, Henry V Six comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You like(皆大欢喜), Twelfth Night, and the Merry Wives of Windsor（温莎公爵的快乐情妇）Two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, Julius CaesarSeven tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra（克利奥帕特拉）, Troilus and Cressida（特洛伊罗斯和克雷西达）, Coriolanus（科里奥兰纳斯）Two comedies: All’s Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measureromantic tragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, and The TempestTwo final plays: Henry III, and The Two Noble Kinsmen7. Shakespeare’s writing characteristicsThe progressive significance of the theme--humanismThe successful character portrayal—women’s charactersThe masterhand in constructing the plotThe ingenuity of his poetryThe mastery of his languageⅡ. John MiltonLycidashis 3 major poetical works:Paradise Lost (1667), Paradise Regained (1671), & Samson Agonistes (1671).①Epics: Paradise Lost失乐园Paradisen Regained复乐园②Dramatic poem: <Samson Agonistes力士参孙③The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩④On His Blindness我的失明Chapter 3: The Neoclassical Period(17th—18th Century, 1660~1798) 1. Duration:Neoclassical period is the one in English literature between the return of Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1978.It’s in fact a turbulent period.8. Gothic novels:Gothic novels are mostly stories of mystery and horror which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Class castles. They appeared from the middle part of the 18th century. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was the leading figure among a host of playwrights. And of the witty and satiric prose, those written by Jonathan Swift are worth studying.【例题】The British bourgeois or middle class believed in the following notions EXCEPT ______. (0904)A. self - esteemB. self - relianceC. self - restraintD. hard work【答案】AⅠ. Daniel Defoe1. Daniel Defoe’s major works:The Shortest Way with the Dissenters.The True-born EnglishmanThe ReviewRobinson Crusoe (most famous of his work, his masterpiece)Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》Moll Flanders《摩根.佛兰德斯》Colonel Jack《杰克上校》Roxana《罗克珊娜》A Journal of the Plague Year. 《大疫年日记》Ⅱ. Jonathan Swift2. MasterpiecesA Tale of a Tub (satirist) 《木桶的故事》The Battle of the Books 《书籍之战》The Examiner 《主考》Gulliver’s Travels (his greatest satiric work) 《格列佛游记》A Modest Proposal (more powerful) 《一个温和的建议》The Drapier’s Letters《专培儿之信》Ⅲ. Henry Fielding2. Contributions:①Father of the English Novel—because of his contribution and establishment of the form of the modern novel②Of all the eighteenth-century novelists he was the first to set out, both in theory and practice:First: give the modern novel both its structure and its styleSecond: adopted the “third-person narration” in which the author became the all-knowing God3. Main works:The earlier essays:The True Patriot and the Liberty of Our Own TimesThe Jacobite’s JournalThe Convent-garden JournalPlays:The Coffee-House PoliticianThe Tragedy of TragediesPasquinThe Historical Register for the YearNovels:The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his friend Mr. Abraham AdamsThe History of Jonathan Wild the GreatThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling –masterpiece on subject of human natureThe history of Amelia- a story of the unfortunate life of an idealized woman, a maudlin picture of the social lifeChapter 4: The Romantic Period1798—1832, the early 30 years in19th Century )1. Historical background:Internationally,①The French Revolutions:②RousseauThese paved the way for the development of Romanticism in theliterature internationallyNationally,①Industrial revolution (Industrialization, Further capitalization andUrbanization)②The survival of fittest (the sharper contradiction between capitalistsand the labors)These are the national basis of the production of Romanticism3. The definition, duration and characteristics of the Romanticism:①The definition:The Romantic Movement, which associated with vitality, powerful emotion and dreamlike ideas, is simply the expression of life as seen by the imagination rather than by prosaic common sense.【例题】Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry? (0704)A. Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”by William WordsworthC. “Remorse”by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman【答案】A6. Main representatives:①Main representatives—poets:Pre-Romanticism: (Blake and Burns)The first generation: (Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey)The younger generation: (Byron, Shelley and Keats)②Main representatives—novelistsJane Austen --- love and marriageWalter Scott --- main works (book) human nature③Gothic novelistsAnn Radcliffe and Mary ShelleyGothic novel:It is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century & was one phase of the Romantic MovementWorks like The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) by Ann Radcliffe & Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romanceⅠ.William Blake1．Introduction:English poet, artist, & philosopher, made distinguished contributions to both Literature & art. He ranks with great poets in the English language & may be considered the earliest of the major English Romantic poets.4. Main works:Early works: Poetical Sketches《诗学札记》Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》Songs of Experience《经验之歌》The Marriage of Heaven and Hell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》The similarities and differences between two volumes: Generally:Hold the similar subject-matterThe childhood is the central to his concernThe tone, emphasis and conclusion differSpecifically:Infant Joy against Infant SorrowLamb against TygerChimney SweeperⅠagainst Chimney SweeperⅡThe Book of UrizenThe Book of LosThe Four ZoasMilton【例题】William Blake’s central concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experiences_______, which gives the two books a strong social and historical reference. (0804)A. youth hoodB. childhoodC. happinessD. SorrowⅡ. William Wordsworth1. Introduction:William Wordsworth, known as “the Lake Poets” together with Coleridge and Southey,is the leading figure of the English Romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period2. Types of his poem according to his poetic outlook:According to t he subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.①Poems about nature:I Wandered Lonely as a CloudAn Evening WalkMy Heart Leaps upThe Sailor’s MotherThe Affliction of MargaretThe Old Cumberland BeggarThe Idiot BoyThe Solitary ReaperTo a Highland GirlⅢ. Percy Bysshe Shelley1. Introduction:Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense & original lyrical poet in the English language.3. His major works:Early works:Queen Mab:Alastor or The Spirit of SolitudeHymn to Intellectual BeautyMont BlancJulian and MaddaloThe Revolt of IslamThe CenciHellasThe CloudTo a Skylark:: AdonaisOde to the west Wind (Best of all the well-known lyric pieces )Ode to LibertyOde to NaplesSonnet: England in 1819Men of EnglandMajor prose essay: Defense of PoetryⅣ.Jane Austen1. Introduction:It was Jane Austen who brought the English novels, as an art of form, to its maturity and she had been regarded as one of the greatest of all novelists.Austen is universally regarded as the founder of the novel which deal with unimportant middle-class people.2.Major works:In her lifelong career, Jane Austen wrote altogether six complete novels, which can be divided into two distinct periods.Sense and Sensibility理智与情感Her first novelPride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见The most popular of her novels dealing with the five Bennet sisters & their search for suitable husbands Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺satirizes those popular Gothic romances of the late 18th centuryMansfield Park曼斯菲尔德庄园presents the antithesis of worldliness & unworldlinessEmma 爱玛gives the thought over self-deceptive vanityPersuasion 劝导contrasts the true love with the prudential calculations【例题】“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from ______. （0804）A. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Sense and Sensibility【答案】CChapter 5: The Victorian PeriodⅠ. Charles Dickens2. His Major Works:Period of youthful optimistSketches by Boz (1836); The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837); Oliver Twist (1837-1838);Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839); The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841); Barnaby Rudge(1841)American Notes (1842); Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1845); A Christmas Carol (1843); Dombey & Son (1846-1848); David Copperfield (1849-1850)Bleak House (1852-1853); Hard Times (1854); Little Dorrit (1855-1857);A Tale of Two Cities (1859); Great Expectations (1860-1861); Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865); Edwin Drood (unfinished)(1870)【例题】Among the works by Charles Dickens _______ presents his criticism of the Utilitarian principle that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds. （0804）A. Bleak HouseB. Pickwick PaperC. Great ExpectationsD. Hard Times【答案】DⅡ. Charlotte Bronte1. Charlotte's Literary Creation and her Writing Characteristics:Charlotte Bronte's works are all about the struggle of an individual towards self-realization,about some lonely & neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, & understanding & a full, happy life. Besides, she is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. Her works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class workingwomen, particularly governesses.Jane Eyre:Ⅲ. Thomas Hardy2. His Major Works:Poetry: The DynastsHardy himself divided his novels into three groups:A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873); The Trumpet Major (1880)Desperate Remedies-；The Hand of EthelbertaUnder the Greenwood TreeThe Return of the NativeThe Mayor of CasterbridgeTess of the D'UrbervillesJude the Obscure【例题】Thomas Hardy's pessimistic view of life predominated most of his later works and earns him a reputation as a ______ writer. （0904）A. realisticB. naturalisticC. romanticD. stylistic【答案】BChapter 7: The Modern Period1. Modern period: from the second half of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century.6. The development Dramas in the 20th century:①Modernism:Oscar Wilde —the pioneer of modern dramaGeorge Bernard Shaw –best known since ShakespeareW.B. Yeats, Lady Georgory, J.M. Synge and Sean O’CaseyⅠ. George Bernard Shaw3. His major works:Five novels -- best one Cashel Byron's Profession (1886)Criticism -- Our Theaters in the Nineties (1931).Man and Superman (1904) and Back to Methuselah(1921).Caesar and Cleopatra (1898) and St. Joan (1923). Too True to Be Good (1932)Ⅱ. T. S. EliotHe won various awards, including the Nobel Prize and the Order of Merit in 1948.3. T. S. Eliot's major achievement in drama writing:He was one of the important verse dramatists in the first half of the 20th century. Besides some fragmentary pieces, Eliot had written in his lifetime five full-length plays:Murder in the Cathedral (1935)大教堂谋杀案The Family Reunion (1939)团员The Cocktail Party (1950)鸡尾酒会The Confidential Clerk (1954)机要秘书The Elder Statesman (1959) 资深政客Part Two: American LiteratureChapter 1: The Romantic Period。

附：作者及作品(第一、二册）一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony"《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country"《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams《开启美国语言的钥匙》"A Key into the Language of America”或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England "5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。

英国文学简史复习资料General introduction of English literature1. 1) Old English Literature (449-1066) 古英语时期文学——The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》2) Medieval English Literature (1066-15th century) 中世纪英语时期文学——Geoffrey Chaucer (1340_1400) 杰弗里·乔叟2. Renaissance English literature (late 15th century ~ early 17th century) 文艺复兴——Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根——William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚——Ben Jonson 本·琼生——Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛3. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (1640-1688) 资产阶级革命与王朝复辟时期的文学——John Milton约翰·弥尔顿——John Bunyan 约翰·班扬4. 18th century English literature-the age of Enlightenment 启蒙运动时期——Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福——Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特——Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁——William Blake威廉·布莱克——Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯5. Romantic English Literature (1798-1832) 浪漫主义时期——William Wordsworth, 威廉·华兹华斯——Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 塞缪·泰勒·柯勒律治——George Gordon Byron, 乔治·戈登·拜伦——Percy Bysshe Shelley 佩西·比舍·雪莱——John Keats, 约翰·济慈——Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特——Jane Austen简·奥斯汀6. Critical Realistic Literature in the 19th Century 维多利亚时期（批判现实主义）——W.M. Thackeray, 萨克雷——C harles Dickens, 查尔斯·狄更斯——Robert Browning 罗伯特·布朗宁——Bronte sisters：Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Ann Bronte——George Eliot乔治·艾略特——Matthew Arnold 马修·阿诺德——Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代——Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德7. 20th Century English Literature——George Bernard Shaw乔治·萧伯纳——Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德——William Butler Yeats 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝——Virginia Woolf弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫——James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯——D. H. Lawrence劳伦斯——T. S. Eliot 爱略特一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) ，Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻metaphor手法3、Alliteration 头韵（写作手法）例子：of m an was the m ildest and m ost beloved,To his k in the k indest, k eenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) 盎格鲁—诺曼时期1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里·乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷的故事集》(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。

一．学习目的和要求通过本章的学习，对19世纪维多利亚时代英国的政治，经济，历史，文化背景，对维多利亚时代的诗歌，散文，小说在创作思想上的进步和创作技巧上的改革，以及对该时代主要作家的生平，观点，创作旨意，艺术品特点及其代表作的主题，结构，语言，人物刻画等都有一个全面的了解。

并通过作品选读加深体会感受，增强对作品的理解和鉴赏能力。

二．考核要求（一）维多利亚时期概述1．识记:（1）维多利亚时期的界定（2）社会政治，经济，文化背景。

2．领会:（1）维多利亚时期的文学特点（2）批判现实主义小说对后世文学的影响。

3．应用：宪章运动，功利主义，批判现实主义，戏剧独自等名词的解释（二）该时期的重要作家1．一般识记：重要作家的生平与创作生涯2．识记: 重要作品及主要内容3．领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想，人物塑造，语言风格，社会意义等。

4．应用:（1）狄更斯和萨克雷作品的批判现实主义思想及各自的创作手法，艺术特色。

（2）小说《简·爱》，《呼啸山庄》的主题思想与人物塑造。

（3）"我逝去的公爵夫?quot;中的戏剧独白。

（4）乔泊·艾略特和哈代小说中环境，氛围描述与人物内世界的展示。

A. Introduction to the Victorian Period1. 识记(1) Definition: the Victorian PeriodChronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1836 to 1901. The period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.(2) Political, Economical & Cultural BackgroundThe early years of the Victorian England was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems. After the Reform Bill of 1832 passed the political power from the decaying aristocrats into the hands of the middle-class industrial capitalists, the Industrial Revolution soon geared up. Towards the mid-century, England had reached its highest point of development as a world power. And yet beneath the great prosperity & richness, there existed widespread poverty & wretchedness among the working class. The worsening living & working conditions, the mass unemployment & the new Poor Law of 1834 with its workhouse system finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement (1836-1848).During the next twenty years, England settled down to a time of prosperity & relative stability. The middle-class life of the time was characterized by prosperity, respectability & material progress.But the last three decades of the century witnessed the decline of the British Empire & the decay of the Victorian values.Ideologically, the Victorians experienced fundamental changes. The rapid development of science& technology, new inventions & discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology & anthropology drastically shook people's religious convictions. Darwin's The Origin of Species (1859) & The Descent of Man (1871) shook the theoretical basis of the traditional faith. On the other hand, Utilitarianism was widely accepted & practiced. Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness.2. 领会(1) Features of the Victorian LiteratureVictorian literature, as a product of its age, naturally took on its quality of magnitude & diversity. It was many-sided & complex, & reflected both romantically & realistically the great changes that were going on in people's life & thought. Great writers & great works abounded.(2) Features of Victorian novelsIn this period, the novel became the most widely read & the most vital & challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the18th-century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to the criticism of the society & the defense of the mass. Although writing from different points of view & with different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry at the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship & Utilitarianism & the widespread misery, poverty & injustice. Their truthful depiction of people's life & bitter & strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems & in the actual improvement of the society.Victorian literature, in general, truthfully represents the reality & spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality, the down-to-earth earnestness, the good-natured humor & unbounded imagination are all unprecedented. In almost every genre it paved the way for the coming century, where its spirits, values & experiments are to witness their bumper harvest.3. 应用 Definitions of several terms1) The Chartist Movement (1836-1848)The English workers got themselves organized in big cities & brought forth the People's charter, in which they demanded basic rights & better living & working conditions. They, for three times, made appeals to the government, with hundreds of thousands of people's signatures. The movement swept over most of the cities in the country. Although the movement declined to an end in 1848, it did bring some improvement to the welfare of the working class. This was the first mass movement of the English working class & the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.2) UtilitarianismAlmost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness. This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class industrialists, whose greed drove them to exploiting workers to the utmost & brought greater suffering & poverty to the working mass.3) Critical RealismThe Victorian Age is an age of realism rather than of romanticism-a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral & physical diseases as they are. To be true to life becomes the first requirement for literary writing. As the mirror of truth, literature has come very close to daily life, reflecting its practical problems & interests & is used as a powerful instrumentof human progress.4) Dramatic MonologueBy dramatic monologue, it is meant that a poet chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, & about their minds & hearts. In " listening" to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions & judgments about the speaker's personality & about what has really happened. Robert Browning brought this poetic form to its maturity & perfection & his "My Last Duchess" is one of the best-known dramatic monologues.>> 点击下载资料/index.php?action-viewnews-itemid-83743-php-1B. Victorian WritersI. Charles Dickens1．一般识记 His Life & Literary CareerCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was born at Portsmouth. His father, a poor clerk in the Navy Pay office, was put into the Marsalsea Prison for debt when young Charles was only 12 years old. The son had to give up schooling to work in an underground cellar at a shoe-blacking factory - a position he considered most humiliating. We find the bitter experiences of that suffering child reflected in many of Dickens's novels. In 1827, Charles entered a lawyer's office, & two years later he became a Parliamentary reporter for newspapers. From 1833 Dickens began to write occasional sketches of London life, which were later collected & published under the title Sketches by Boz (1836). Soon The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837) appeared in monthly installments. And since then, his life became one of endless hard work. In his later years, he gave himself to public readings of his works, which brought plaudits & comfort but also exhausted him. In 1870, this man of great heart & vitality died of overwork, leaving his last novel unfinished.2. 识记His Major WorksUpon his death, Dickens left to the world a rich legacy of 15 novels & a number of short stories. They offer a most complete & realistic picture of English society of his age & remain the highest achievement in the 19th-century English novel. In nearly all his novels, behind the gloomy pictures of oppression & poverty, behind the loud humor & buffoonery, is his gentleness, his genial mirth, & his simple faith in mankind.The following is a list of his novels & other collections in three periods:(1) Period of youthful optimistSketches by Boz (1836); The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837); Oliver Twist (1837-1838); Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839); The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841); Barnaby Rudge(1841)(2) Period of excitement & irritationAmerican Notes (1842); Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1845); A Christmas Carol (1843); Dombey & Son (1846-1848); David Copperfield (1849-1850)(3) Period of steadily intensifying pessimismBleak House (1852-1853); Hard Times (1854); Little Dorrit (1855-1857); A Tale of Two Cities (1859); Great Expectations (1860-1861); Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865); Edwin Drood (unfinished)(1870)3. 领会 Distinct Features of His Novels(1) Character Sketches & ExaggerationIn his novels are found about 19 hundred figures, some of whom are really such " typical characters under typical circumstances," that they become proverbial or representative of a whole group of similar persons.As a master of characterization, Dickens was skillful in drawing vivid caricatural sketches by exaggerating some peculiarities, & in giving them exactly the actions & words that fit them: that is, right words & right actions for the right person.(2) Broad Humor & Penetrating SatireDickens is well known as a humorist as well as a satirist. He sometimes employs humor to enliven a scene or lighten a character by making it (him or her) eccentric, whimsical, or laughable. Sometimes he uses satire to ridicule human follies or vices, with the purpose of laughing them out of existence or bring about reform.(3) Complicated & Fascinating PlotDickens seems to love complicated novel constructions with minor plots beside the major one, or two parallel major plots within one novel. He is also skillful at creating suspense & mystery to make the story fascinating.(4) The Power of ExposureAs the greatest representative of English critical realism, Dickens made his novel the instrument of morality & justice. Each of his novels reveals a specific social problem.4. 领会 His Literary Creation & Literary AchievementsCharles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age. It is his serious intention to expose & criticize in his works all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy & corruptness he saw all around him. In his works, Dickens sets a full map & a large-scale criticism of the 19th-century England, particularly London. A combination of optimism about people & realism about society is obvious in these works. His representative works in the early period include Oliver Twist, David Copperfield & so on.His later works show a highly conscious modern artist. The settings are more complicated; the stories are better structured. Most novels of this period present a sharper criticism of social evils & morals of the Victorian England, for example, Bleak House, Hard Times, Great Expectations & so on. The early optimism could no more be found.Charles Dickens is a master story-teller. His language could, in a way, be compared with Shakespeare's. His humor & wit seem inexhaustible. Character-portrayal is the most outstanding feature of his works. His characterizations of child (Oliver Twist, etc.), some grotesque people (Fagin, etc.) & some comical people (Mr. Micawber, etc.) are superb. Dickens also employs exaggeration in his works. Dickens's works are also characterized by a mixture of humor & pathos.5. 应用 Selected ReadingAn Excerpt from Chapter III of Oliver TwistThe novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse & life of the underworld in the 19th-century London. The author's intimate knowledge of people of the lowest order & of the city itself apparently comes from his journalistic years. Here the novel also presents Oliver Twist as Dickens's first child hero & Fagin the first grotesque figure.This section, Chapter III of the novel, is a detailed account of how he is punished for that "impious & profane offence of asking for more" & how he is to be sold. At three pound ten, to Mr. Gamfield, the notorious chimneysweeper. Though we can afford a smile now & then, we feel more the pitiable state of the orphan boy & the cruelty & hypocrisy of the workhouse board.II. The Bronte Sisters1. 一般识记 Their lives & literary CareerCharlotte Bronte (1816-1855), Emily Bronte (1818-1848), & their gifted sister Anne Bronte (1820-1849), came from a large family of Irish origin. Their father was a clergyman at Haworth, Yorkshire. When they were young, the Bronte sisters were sent to a school for clergymen's daughters. The oldest two died there due to the poor & unhealthy conditions. This experience inspired the later portrayal of Lowood School in the novel Jane Eyre (1847). After the death of the elder sisters, Charlotte & Emily were brought home to be educated by their father. For some time, they worked in a boarding school & were subsequently governesses in rich families.Charlotte & her two younger sisters had a great fondness for literature. In 1845 appeared a volume of poetry entitled Poems by Carrer, Ellis & Acton Bell (the pseudonyms of Charlotte, Emily & Anne), but received little attention. Then the three sisters turned to novel writing. Charlotte's first novel The Professor was rejected by the publisher. But her second one, Jane Eyre, won immediate success when it appeared in 1847. In the same year, Emily's single & unique work Wuthering Heights & Anne's Agnes Grey were also published. Soon they were followed by Anne's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848).After the death of Emily & Anne, Charlotte continued writing. Her next important novel Shirley, a work about the industrial troubles between the mill-owners & machine-breakers in Yorkshire in 1811-1812 came out in 1849. Another novel Villette appeared in 1853. This is her most autobiographical work, largely based on her experience in Brussels. In 1854, charlotte married her father's curate. She died a few months later in pregnancy. The Professor, her first written work, was published posthumously in 1857.2. 识记 Charlotte's Literary CreationCharlotte Bronte's works are all about the struggle of an individual towards self-realization, about some lonely & neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, & understanding & a full, happy life. All her heroines' highest joy comes from some sacrifice of self or some human weakness overcome. Besides, she is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. On the one hand, she presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy & other evils of the upper classes & by showing the misery & suffering of the poor. Her works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class workingwomen, particularly governesses. On the other hand, her writings are marked throughout by intensity of vision & of passion. By writing from an individual point of view, by creating characters who are possessed of strong feelings, fiery passions & some extraordinary personalities, by using some elements of horror, mystery & prophesy, she is able to recreate life in a very romantic way. The vividness of her subjective narration, the intensely achieved characterization, especially those heroines who are totally contrary to the public expectations & the most truthful presentation of the economical, moral, social life of the time -all this earns her works a never dying popularity.3. 应用 Selected ReadingsExcerpt One: from Chapter XXIII of Jane Eyre by charlotte BronteThe work is one of the most popular & important novels of the Victorian age. It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions, the social discrimination & the false social convention as concerning love & marriage. At the same time, it is an intense moral fable. Jane, like Mr. Rochester, has to undergo a series of physical & moral tests to grow up & achieve her final happiness. The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine. Jane Eyre is a completely new woman image. She represents those middle-class workingwomen who are struggling for recognition of their rights & equality as a human being. The vivid description of her intense feelings & her thought & inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience.Jane Eyre's character:Jane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit & a longing to love & be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways, & even is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him, cuts a completely new woman image. In this novel Charlotte characterizes Jane Eyre as a naive, kind-hearted, noble-minded woman who pursues a genuine kind of love. Jane Eyre represents those middle-class workingwomen who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights & equality as a human being. The vivid description of her intense feelings & her thought & inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience. The selected part is taken from Chapter XXIII, not long after Jane is back from her aunt's funeral. Jane finds herself hopelessly in love with Mr. Rochester but she is aware that her love is out of the question. So, when forced to confront Mr. Rochester, she desperately & openly declared her equality with him & her love for him. The passion described here is intense & genuine. Excerpt Two: from Chapter XV of Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte1) Emily's subject matterAs far as Emily's literary creation is concerned, she is, first of all, a poet Her 193 poems, mostly devoted to the matter of nature with its mysterious workings & its unaccountable influence upon people's life, are works of strange sublimity & beauty. They are ample proof for the poetic genius of this young, reclusive woman. But, to the common readers, she is better known today as the author of that most fascinating novel, Wuthering Heights.2) The theme of the novelThe novel is a riddle which means different things to different people. From the social point of view, it is a story about a poor man abused, betrayed & distorted by his social betters because he is a poor nobody. As a love story, this is one of the most moving: the passion between Heathcliff & Catherine proves the most intense, the most beautiful & at the same time the most horrible passion ever to be found possible in human beings.3) The structure of the novelThe novel has a unique structure: the story is told through independent narrators unidentical with the author, whose personality is therefore completely absent from the book. The story is told mainly by Nelly, Catherine's old nurse, to Mr. Lockwood, a temporary tenant at Grange. The latter too gives an account of what he sees at Wuthering Heights. And part of the story is told through Isabella's letters to Nelly. While the central interest is maintained, the sequence of its development is constantly disordered by flashbacks. This makes the story all the more enticing & genuine.The excerpt taken here is from ChapterXV, the death scene of Catherine, narrated by Nelly to Mr. Lockwood. When Edgar is away at church, Heathcliff seizes the chance to see the dying Catherine. The intense love between the two is fully shown in this agonizing scene.III. Alfred Tennyson1.一般识记 His Life & Literary CareerAlfred Tennyson (1809-1892) is certainly the most representative Victorian poet. His poetry voices the doubt & the faith, the grief & the joy of the English people in an age of fast social changes. He was born at Somersby, Linconshire, the fourth son of a rather learned clergyman. In 1827, he & his elder brother published Poems by Two Brothers. In this juvenile work the influence of Byron & an attraction to oriental themes were shown. He was educated at the Trinity College, Cambridge & published his first signed work Poems, Chiefly Lyrical (1830) there. In 1832, one year after he left Cambridge, he published Poems, which contained a variety of poems, beautiful in melody & rich in imagery. In 1842, his next issue of Poems came out, collected in the book are the dramatic monologue "Ulysses", the epic narrative " Morte d'Arthur," the exquisite idylls "Dora" & " The Gardener's Daughter," etc. In 1847, The Princess was published. Written in blank verse, it deals with the theme of women's rights & position. In 1850, Tennyson was appointed the Poet Laureate & he published his greatest work In Memoriam. The rest years of Tennyson's life was comfortable & peaceful, but he never stopped writing. In 1855, Tennyson published a monodrama Maud, a collection of short lyrics. Among the other works of his later period, "Rizpah," "Enoch Arden," " Merlin & the Gleam" & " Crossing the Bar" are worthy of note.2.识记 His major poetic works & their theme1) In MemoriamPresumably it is an elegy on the death of Hallam, yet less than half of its l00 pieces are directly connected with him. The poet here does not merely dwell on the personal bereavement. As a poetic diary, the poem is also an elaborate & powerful expression of the poet's philosophical & religious thoughts - his doubts about the meaning of life, the existence of the soul & the afterlife, & his faith in the power of love & the soul's instinct & immortality. Such doubts & beliefs were shared by most people in an age when the old Christian belief was challenged by new scientific discoveries, though to most readers today, the real attraction of the poem lies more in its profound feeling & artistic beauty than in the philosophical & religious reflections. The familiar trance-like experience, mellifluous rhythm & pictorial descriptions make it one of the best elegies in English literature.2) Idylls of the Kin g (1842-1885)It is his most ambitious work which took him over 30 years to complete. It is made up of 12 books of narrative poems, based on the Celtic legends of King Arthur & his Knights of the Round Table. But it is not a mere reproduction of the old legend, though. It is a modern interpretation of the classic myth. For one thing, the moral standards & sentiments reflected in the poem belong to the Victorians rather than to the medieval royal people. For another, the story of the rise & fall of King Arthur is, in fact, meant to represent a cyclic history of western civilization, which , in Tennyson's mind , is going on a spiritual decline & will end in destruction.3.领会Artistic Features of His PoetryTennyson is a real artist. He has the natural power of linking visual pictures with musical expressions, & these two with the feelings. He has perfect control of the sound of English, & a sensitive ear, an excellent choice & taste of words. His poetry is rich in poetic images & melodious language, & noted for its lyrical beauty & metrical charm. His works are not only the products of the creative imagination of a poetic genius but also products of a long & rich English heritage. His wonderful works manifest all the qualities of England's great poets. The dreaminess of Spenser, the majesty of Milton, the natural simplicity of Wordsworth, the fantasy of Blake & Coleridge, the melody of Keats & Shelley, & the narrative vigor of Scott & Byron, --- all these striking qualities are evident on successive pages of Tennyson's poetry.4. 应用 Selected Readings(1) Break, Break, Break (1)This short lyric is written in memory of Tennyson's best friend, Arthur Hallam, whose death has a lifelong influence on the poet. Here, the poet's own feelings of sadness are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children & the unfeeling movement of the ship & the sea waves. The beauty of the lyric is to be found in the musical language & in the association of sound & images with feelings & emotions. The poem contains 4 quatrains, with combined iambic & anapaestic feet. Most lines have three feet & some four. The rhyme scheme is a b c b.(2) Crossing the Bar (1)This poem was written in the later years of Tennyson's life. Although not the last poem written by Tennyson in his long creative career, this poem appears, at his request, as the final poem in all collections of his works. The scene is sketched with a few strokes: sunset & the evening star, the twilight and the evening bell, & then the dark. The ship is ready to go out of the harbor. It will cross the bar & reach the vast open sea for the long voyage that it is to make. The allegory of the poem is clear. Tennyson is in the evening of life, & the "clear call" of death will come soon. But when he has crossed the border between life & death to go on that voyage beyond the bound of Time & Place, he hopes then to see his "Pilot," God, face to face. From the moving imagery & the pleasant sound of the poem, we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God & an afterlife.(3) Ulysses(1)In Greek mythology, Ulysses is the king of the Ithaca Island. He is the hero in many literary classics. In Homer's Odessey (the Greek name for Ulysses), Ulysses eventually arrives home after the ten-year Trojan war & another ten-year's adventures at sea. However, according to Dante, Ulysses never returns to his home place Ithaca, but urges his men to go on exploring westward. Tennyson combines these two versions. In this poem, Ulysses is now three years back in his homeland, reunited with his wife Penelope & his son Telemachus, & resumes his rule over the land. But he will not endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life. Old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him & to sail again to pursue a new world & new knowledge. Written in the form of dramatic monologue, the poem not only expresses, through the mouth of the heroic Ulysses, Tennyson's own determination & courage to brave the struggle of life but also reflects the restlessness & aspiration of the age.IV. Robert Browning1.一般识记His life &Literary CareerRobert Browning (1812-1889) was born in a well-off family & received his education mainly from his private tutor, & from his father, who gave him the freedom to follow his own interest. In 1833, he published his first poetic work Pauline, which brought great embarrassment upon him. But in his second attempt Sordello (1840), he went too far in self-correction that the poem became so obscure as to be hardly readable. He even tried play writing but failed. All these frustrating experiences forced the poet to develop a literary form that suited him best & actually give full swing to this genius, i.e. the dramatic monologue.In 1846, Browning married Elizabeth Barrett, a famous poetess whose famous book of love poetry was Sonnets from the Portuguese. In 1869 Browing's masterpiece, The Ring & the Book, came out. In 1889, Browning died & was buried in the Poet's Corner, Westminster Abbey, beside Tennyson.2.识记His major worksDramatic Lyrics (1842), Dramatic Romances & Lyrics (1845), Bells & Pomegranates (1846), Men & Women (1855), Dramatic Personae (1864), The Ring & the Book (1868-1869) & Dramatic Idylls (1880)3.领会Characteristic of The Ring & the Book: Dramatic M onologueIn this poem, Browning chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis, in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, & about their minds & hearts. In "listening" to those one-sided talks, readers can form their own opinions & judgments about the speaker's personality & about what has really happened.4.领会Robert Browning's artistic characteristics(1) The name of Browning is often associated with the term "dramatic monologue." Although it is not his invention, it is in his hands that this poetic form reaches its maturity& perfection.(2) Browning's poetry is not easy to read. His rhythms are often too fast, too rough & unmusical(3) The syntax is usually clipped & highly compressed. The similes & illustrations appear too profusely. The allusions & implications are sometimes odd & far-fetched. All this makes up his obscurity.On the whole, Browning's style is very different from that of any other Victorian poets. He is like a weather-beaten pioneer, bravely & vigorously trying to beat a track through the jungle. His poetic style belongs to the 20th-century rather than to the Victorian age.5. 应用 Selected Readings:1) My Last Duchess (1)"My Last Duchess" is Browning's best-known dramatic monologue. The poem takes its sources from the life of Alfonso II, duke of Ferrara of the 16th-century Italy, whose young wife died suspiciously after three years of marriage. Not long after her death, the duke managed to arrange a marriage with the niece of another noble man. This dramatic monologue is the duke's speech addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage. In his talk about his "last duchess," the duke reveals himself as a self-conceited, cruel & tyrannical man. The poem is written in heroic couplets, but with no regular metrical system. In reading, it sounds like blank verse.2) Meeting at Night (1)Meeting at Night, together with Parting at Morning, appeared originally under the single title Night & Morning. Browning made them separate poems in a late edition of his work. The speaker。

英国文学史复习资料英国文学史复习资料第一章：中世纪文学1.1 安格鲁-撒克逊时期（5世纪-1066年）- 口头传统和史诗：《贝奥武夫》- 基督教文学：《凡尔登战役》1.2 后征服时期（1066年-1485年）- 基督教文学：《格尔罗与黛斯蒙德》- 骑士文学：《亚瑟王传说》、《罗宾汉传》第二章：文艺复兴时期（1485年-1603年）2.1 草原学派- 约翰·斯克利- 托马斯·莫尔2.2 伊丽莎白时代- 威廉·莎士比亚：《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 - 克里斯托弗·马洛：《第一部十诫》第三章：17世纪文学3.1 评剧派- 本·琼生：《伊丽莎白时代断头台上的十一个人》- 约翰·福特：《佩里克尔斯·普林》3.2 枪炮派- 约翰·洛克：《论人类理解》- 托马斯·霍布斯：《利维坦》第四章：启蒙时代（18世纪）4.1 洛克主义- 亚当·斯密：《国富论》- 大卫·休谟：《人性的研究》4.2 唯理主义- 亚历山大·波佩：《怪异小说》- 理查德·斯蒂文森：《金银岛》第五章：浪漫主义（19世纪）5.1 威廉·华兹华斯：《抒情诗》5.2 柯勒律治：《唐吉诃德》第六章：维多利亚时代6.1 珍奥斯汀：《傲慢与偏见》6.2 狄更斯：《雾都孤儿》6.3 奥斯卡·王尔德：《道林·格雷的画像》第七章：现代主义（20世纪）7.1 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫：《至灵宴》7.2 乔治·奥威尔：《1984》7.3 约瑟夫·康拉德：《黑暗之心》第八章：后现代主义（20世纪末至今）8.1 萨尔曼·鲁西迪：《午夜的孩子》8.2 伊恩·麦克尤恩：《第二个苏格拉底》8.3 泽拉尔·纳西莫夫：《洛丽塔》总结：英国文学史涵盖了从中世纪到现代的丰富多样的文学作品。

英国文学简史复习资料General introduction of English literature1. 1 Old English Literature 449-1066 古英语时期文学——The Song of Beowulf 贝奥武甫2 Medieval English Literature 1066-15th century 中世纪英语时期文学——Geoffrey Chaucer 1340_1400 杰弗里·乔叟2. Renaissance English literature late 15th century ~ early 17th century 文艺复兴——Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根——William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚——Ben Jonson 本·琼生——Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛3. English Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period 1640-1688 资产阶级革命与王朝复辟时期的文学——John Milton约翰·弥尔顿——John Bunyan 约翰·班扬4. 18th century English literature-the age of Enlightenment 启蒙运动时期——Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·笛福——Jonathan Swift乔纳森·斯威夫特——Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁——William Blake威廉·布莱克——Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯5. Romantic English Literature 1798-1832 浪漫主义时期——William Wordsworth; 威廉·华兹华斯——Samuel Taylor Coleridge; 塞缪·泰勒·柯勒律治——George Gordon Byron; 乔治·戈登·拜伦——Percy Bysshe Shelley 佩西·比舍·雪莱——John Keats; 约翰·济慈——Walter Scott 沃尔特·司各特——Jane Austen简·奥斯汀6. Critical Realistic Literature in the 19th Century 维多利亚时期批判现实主义——W.M. Thackeray; 萨克雷——C harles Dickens; 查尔斯·狄更斯——Robert Browning 罗伯特·布朗宁——Bronte sisters：Charlotte Bronte; Emily Bronte; Ann Bronte——George Eliot乔治·艾略特——Matthew Arnold 马修·阿诺德——Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代——Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德7. 20th Century English Literature——George Bernard Shaw乔治·萧伯纳——Joseph Conrad 约瑟夫·康拉德——William Butler Yeats 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝——Virginia Woolf弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫——James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯——D. H. Lawrence劳伦斯——T. S. Eliot 爱略特一、The Anglo-Saxon period 449-10661、这个时期的文学作品分类： pagan异教徒 ;Christian基督徒2、代表作： The Song of Beowulf贝奥武甫 national epic 民族史诗采用了隐喻metaphor 手法3、Alliteration 头韵写作手法例子： of m an was the m ildest and m ost beloved;To his k in the k indest; k eenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period 1066-1350 盎格鲁—诺曼时期1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作： Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑士是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer 1340-1400 杰弗里·乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed押韵 lines in iambic pentameter五步抑扬格3、代表作：The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事集英国文学史的开端大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England; representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人;代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner; thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事;无形中表明了各自的观点;展示了各自的性格..小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions迷信 and a blind belief in fate 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来..4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymedBallads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲;一直保存着口头传播的方式代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯·珀西主教代表作：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale 侠盗罗宾汉和阿林代尔四、The Renaissance 16世纪文艺复兴时期Greek and Roman 戏剧 dramaThe term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical Greek and Roman arts and sciences.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴..The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展..1、key word: humanism 人文主义： admire human beauty and human achievement2、代表人物：1、Thomas More 托马斯·莫尔 Utopia 乌托邦2、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家essayist3、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人sonnet十四行诗： form of poetry intricately rhymed间隔押韵 in 14 lines iambic pentameter4、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙·斯宾塞poet’s poet诗人中的诗人 The Fairy Queen仙后epic poem 史诗5、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛blank verse无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式..6、William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚戏剧 drama四大悲剧：Hamlet哈姆雷特;Othello奥赛罗;King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白五、The period of Revolution and Restoration 17世纪资产阶级革命与王权复辟1、文学特点：the Puritans清教徒 believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离..2、代表人物：1、John Donne 约翰·多恩“metaphysical”poets 玄学派诗人的代表人物sonnet 十四行诗“ Death be not proud”代表作品：The Flea跳蚤2、John Milton 约翰·弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人 poem 诗歌 blank verseDefense for the English People为英国人民辩护Paradise Lost失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人Paradise Regained复乐园3、John Bunyan 约翰·拜扬 a great prose writer “give us the only great allegory 寓言”The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned旧体形式; medieval form of allegory 寓言and dream”六、The Age of Enlightenment 18世纪启蒙运动 also known as “the Age of Reason”1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style; to write prose like Addison; or verse like Pope.强调正确的格式和写作规范;像艾迪生一样创作散文;和蒲柏一样创作诗歌..The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism. 启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式..The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature; and prove that man is born kind and honest; and if he becomes depraved; it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点；论证了人生诚实而友善;而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致..Contrary to all reasoning; social injustice still held strong; found the power of reason to be insufficient; and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.无论怎样讲究理性;社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在;理性的力量明显不足..因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段..2、18th century 文学的三个方面：Neo-Classicism新古典主义、Sentimentalism伤感主义、Pre-romanticism 前浪漫主义诗歌、beginning of the modern novel刚启萌的现代派小说、drama戏剧3、代表人物：1、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔·笛福 realistic novel 现实主义小说Novel：” Robinson Crusoe”鲁宾逊漂流记” The History of Tom Jones; a F oundling”弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事 the best novel of him 2、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森·斯威夫特” Gulliver’s Travels”格列佛游记novel反讽作品特点：no visible sign of anger; nor raising the voice; the tone is cold; restrained; ironic; varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculous gets the better of him.努不动颜;骂不扬声;语调冷酷;锋芒暗藏;讽刺辛辣;仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态..” A Modest Proposal”一个温和的建议猛烈地抨击了压迫爱尔兰人民的统治4、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔·理查森” Pamela”帕美勒 The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法In the form of letters 书信体小说5、Richard B. Sheridan 理查德·B.谢里丹” School for Scandal”造谣学校;喜剧 comedy6、Oliver Goldsmith’s 奥利佛·.哥尔德斯密斯散文作家 essayist” The Vicar of Wakefield”威克菲尔德的牧师;小说 novel” She Stoops to Conquer”委曲求全;欢乐喜剧 rollicking comedy” The Deserted Village”荒村;诗歌 poems4、Sentimentalism 感伤主义 no belief 没有信仰The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people. 感伤主义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾;感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏..代表人物：Thomas Gray 托马斯.格雷“ Elegy; Written in a Country Churchyard”墓园挽歌七、The Romantic Period 1798-1832浪漫主义1、前浪漫主义代表人物：1 William Blake 威廉·布莱克诗人 poet代表作品：诗集天真之歌Songs of Innocence: The Lamb; The Chimney Sweeper1789诗集经验之歌Songs of Experience: The Tiger; London; The Chimney Sweeper17942 Robert Burns 罗伯特·.彭斯苏格兰诗人 poet代表作品：A Red; Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰、My Heart’s on the Highland我的心在高原、天长Auld Lang Syne..Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命..2、教育意义Educational：liberty; equality and fraternity 自由;平等;博爱3、开始的标志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth and S. T. Coleridge’s “Lyrical Ballads” 从威廉.华兹华斯和柯勒律治一起发表的抒情歌谣集开始4、lake poets湖畔诗人：Wordsworth; Coleridge; Southey 骚塞5、代表人物：1、William Wordsworth 威廉·华兹华斯 poet-laureate 桂冠诗人“The Prelude”序曲自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry作品特点：simplicity and purity of the language; fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 简单而纯洁的语言;反传统形式的18世纪诗歌2、S. T. Coleridge 柯勒律治Demonic poems魔幻诗The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏、Kubla Khan忽必烈汗Christabel克里斯塔贝尔作品特点：unusual and supernatural things不寻常和超自然的事物3、Lord Byron 拜伦“ Childe Harold Pilgrimage”恰尔德·哈罗德游记成名作“ Don Juan”唐璜 satiric masterpiece 讽刺的杰作4、Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱“ Prometheus Unbound” 解放了的普罗米修斯 drama 戏剧“ Ode to the West Wind”西风颂 poem 诗5、John Keats 济慈 poet 诗人“ The Eve of St. Agnes”圣阿格尼斯之夜poem “ On a Grecian Urn”希腊古瓮颂poem “ To a Nightingale”夜莺颂poem “Beauty i s truth; truth beauty”美学原则6、Walter Scott沃尔特·司各特 He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel. 他是历史小说的创造者和大师作品：Ivanhoe艾凡赫、The Lady of The Lake湖上夫人7、Jane Austen 简·奥斯丁女“ Pride and Prejudice”傲慢与偏见“ Sense and Sensibility”理智与情感“ Emma”爱玛写作特点：the love-making of her young people; though serious and sympathetic; is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live. She was the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middleclass people. 她是中产阶级小说的发起人..6、十九世纪散文的特点：In the first of these two periods Addison and Steele socialized the essay; so to speak; they brought it into everyday life and made it familiar and delightful to the multitude. 在这两个时期的开始;艾迪生和斯蒂尔的社会散文把散文带入日常生活;并使其熟悉和并令人愉快.. Early in the nineteenth century it became more definitely a means of intimate self-expression.在十九世纪前期;散文变得对自我的表达越来越肯定。

英美文学复习资料一．课程介绍：本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。

主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史时代的主要历史背景、文学文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。

选读部分主要接选了英美文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

二．《英美文学选读》的考核目标，按照识记，领会，应用规定应当达到的能力层次要求。

三个层次呈递进关系，其含义是：识记：有关的概念、定义、知识点等能够记住领会：在识记的基础上，能够把握基本概念、基本方法和彼此之间的关系和区别应用了在领会的基础上，能运用本课程的基本理论，基本知识和方法来分析英美文学作品，并能用英语正确表达。

Part1EnglihLiteratureAnIntroductiontoOldandMedievalEnglihLiterature一．重点：有关这部分的文学史内容1．古代英国文学和中世纪英国文学的起始阶段2．英国文学史上的第一部民族史诗----Beowulf3．中世纪文学的主要文学形式-----Romance4．GeoffreyChaucer的文学贡献二．练习：1.Chooethebetanwerforeachblank.1).Theperiodof______Englihliteraturebeginfromabout450to1066, theyearof______.A.Old----RenaianceB.Middle----theNormanConquetofEnglandC.Middle----RenaianceD.Old----theNormanConquetofEngland2)..TheMedievalperiodinEnglihliteraturee某tendfrom1066uptothe______century.A.mid-13thB.mid-14thC.mid-15thD.mid-16th3).Beowulf,atypicale某ampleofOldEnglihpoetry,iregardedtodayathenational______oftheAngl o-Sa某on.A.onnetB.eayC.epicD.novel6).Aftertheconquetof1066,threelanguageco-e某itedinEngland.Theyare______,______and______.A.OldEnglih,Greek,LatinB.OldEnglih,French,LatinC.OldEnglih,G reek,FrenchD.Englih,Greek,FrenchA.coupletB.blankvereC.heroiccoupletD.epic8).Thematicallythepoem“Beowulf”preentavividpictureofhowthe primitivepeoplewageheroictruggleagaintthehotileforceofthe______w orldunderawieandmighty______.A.manB.theoryC.doctrineD.era10).GeoffreyChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedtanzaofvario utypetoEnglihpoetrytoreplacetheOldEnglih______vere.A.rhymedB.alliterativeC.ocialD.viionary2.E某plainthefollowingliteralterm.1).Romance2).HeroicCouplet3).Epic3.Anwerthefollowingquetion.1).HowmanygroupdotheOldEnglihpoetrydividedintoWhataretheyWhi chgroupdoeBeowulfbelongtoWhy2).WhatithecontributionofGeoffreyChaucertoEnglihliteratureChapter1.TheRenaiancePeriod一．重点前言部分1．文艺复兴的起源，起始时间，内容及特征2．人文主义的有关主张及对文学的影响3．文艺复兴时期的主要文学形式及其特征练习：RenaiancePeriod1.Chooethebetanwerforeachblank.1).TheRenaiance,ineence,iahitoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropean_ _____thinkerandcholarmadeattempttogetridofthoeoldfeudalitideainmedievalEuro pe,tointroducenewideathate某preedtheinteretoftheriingbourgeoiie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheea rlychurchformthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.A.GreekandRomanB.humanitC.religiouD.loyal2).Generally,the______refertotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturie.ItfirttartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,culp tureandliterature.FromItalythemovementwenttoembracetheretofEurop e.A.MedievalPeriodB.RenaianceC.OldEnglihPeriodD.RomanticPeriod3).______itheeenceoftheRenaiance.ThomaMore,ChritopherMarloweand_ ______arethebetrepreentativeoftheEnglihhumanit.A.Humanity----WilliamShakepeareB.Humanim-----FranciBaconC.Humanity----GeoffreyChaucerD.Humanim----WilliamShakepeare4).TheElizabethan______itherealmaintreamoftheEnglihRenaiance .ThemotfamoudramatitintheRenaianceEnglandareChritopherMarlowe,Wi lliamShakepeare,and______.A.novel---GeoffreyChaucerB.poetry----FranciBaconC.drama----BenJononD.drama----GeoffreyChaucer5).Humanimprangfromtheendeavortoretoreamedievalreverencefort heantiqueauthorandifrequentlytakenathebeginningoftheRenaianceoni tconciou,intellectualide,fortheGreekand______civilizationwabaedo nuchaconceptionthat______ithemeaureofallthing.A.Roman----moralB.French----reaonC.Roman----manD.French----God6).OneofthemajorreultoftheReformationinEnglandwathefactthatt heBibleinEnglihwaplacedineverychurchandervicewereheldinEnglihint eadof______othatpeoplecouldundertand.tinB.FrenchC.GreekD.Anglo-Sa某on7).Wyatt,intheRenaianceperiod,introducedthePetrarchan______i ntoEngland,whileSurreybroughtin______vere.A.drama----freeB.onnet----blankC.terzarima----blankD.couplet----free8).IntheearlytageoftheEnglihRenaiance,poetryand______werethe motouttandingformandtheywerecarriedonepeciallybyWilliamShakepeareandBenJo non.A.fictionB.dramaticfictionC.poeticdramaD.novel9).Byemphaizin gthedignityofhumanbeingandtheimportanceofthepreentlife,______voi cedtheirbeliefthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthi life,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimelfandtoperformwonder.A.humanitB.ProtetantC.CatholicD.playwright10).______wathefirtimportantEngliheayit.Hewaalothefounderofm oderncienceinEngland.A.EdmundSpenerB.ChritopherMarloweC.FranciBaconD.BenJonon2.E某plainthefollowingliteralterm.1).theRenaiancePeriod2).blankvere3) .Humanim3.Anwerthefollowingquetion.3).WhatarethetypicalcharacteriticofliteraryworkproducedinRen aianceEngland文艺复兴时期的主要作家。