《高级英语》第三版是什么样的书？
《高级英语》第一版由张汉熙主编，于1980年由商务印书馆出版，已经走过了三十年的历程，对于一本教科书来说，寿命可算是长的，但至今仍有旺盛的生命力，因为它经过了两次修订，即两次吐故纳新：1995年由外研社出版修订版；2011年外研社出版了第三版。
张汉熙教授在主编《高级英语》中做出了特别重要的贡献。张汉熙于1921年出生印度，母亲为印度人，父亲是中国人。1942年毕业于印度加尔各答大学（注：加尔各答大学创建于1857年，是印度3所历史最悠久、规模最大的综合性大学之一。被NAAC评价为五星级大学。2005年，加尔各答大学在Times评出的全球最佳人文大学中排名第39位）。1948年回国执教。曾在辅仁大学任教，解放后分到华北革大研究院，后调到北京外国语学院任教。70年代末，系里决定把多年选用的高年级精读教材编辑成书，这个任务交给张汉熙老师。他的确是最佳人选，不仅因为他一直教授此课，积累了丰富宝贵的教学经验，而且他精通英语，有外国专家的优势。他是编写这样一本教材的最佳人选，他具备独特的资格：精通英语，母语为英语；数十年的教育生涯全部贡献给高年级阅读和写作的教学，积累了丰富宝贵的教学经验。也就是说，他既具备一位中国教师长期从事第一线教学经验，又具备一位母语为外语的外国专家的英语水准。此外，他的聪明才智、准确的判断力和惊人的记忆力在编写此书中发挥了至关重要的作用。《高级英语》以及修订版是他一生教学的结晶。当我阅读周燕主编的《用精神行走的人》时，我注意到比我年长、我尊重的许多老师在谈到他们如何学习英语时提到了张汉熙教授，他们无一例外地对他的英语水平赞叹佩服，连加拿大专家伊莎白都说，张汉熙是真正的学者。
1995年由外研社出版的修订版（张汉熙主编，王立礼编）继续发扬了第一版的优点，更加强调贯彻文化教学与人文关怀的宗旨。所新增的课文比较新，题材方面更加重视体现当代人们所关注的重大问题，如环境保护，这在当时的精读课文是极少的，说明新课文的选择有前瞻性。修订版的最重大的变化是增加了教师用书，提供了补充背景资料，课文难点详解，练习答案，使得此套教科书更加user-friendly.
由于张汉熙教师已于1999年去世，此次修订《高级英语》的重任落在了我的肩上，令我诚惶诚恐，压力很大，但我决心尽自己最大的努力，不辱使命，本着对主编负责，对出版社负责，尤其是对读者负责的态度修订了此书。2011年夏第三版出版，受到了出版社和读者的肯定。
《高级英语》第三版有什么特点呢？
坚持语言训练与能力发展相结合的理念，突出思辨能力培养
时代性与经典性并重，新增选篇题材广泛，时代性强，作者具有重要影响力，
体现世界多元文化，贯彻人文精神的教育
增加对课文中典故及文化背景知识的注释
加强对作者、写作背景、作品主题、文章结构等方面的介绍
调整题型，整合练习模块，鼓励自主学习与研究型学习
每一课的内容是这样的：
TEXT
I.About the text:导读，介绍文章的创作背景、总体格局、主题、写作手法等，
引导学生注意此文的特别之处。
II.Notes:提供课文中提到的历史事件、历史人物、地里、文化、宗教等各方面的背景知识。
EXERCISES
I.Oral Presentation:提供参考题目，目的是鼓励学生独立自主学习，加强预
习，围绕课文的有关方面收集资料信息，开展调研，积极参与课堂讨论。II.Questions:分成内容Content和文章结构与写作风格Structure and Style两
个方面。不仅帮助学生提高理解课力，而且学会分析和鉴赏的能力。不仅注意到语言的细节，而且看到文章整体组织构造，写作的独特风格。
III.Paraphrase:《高级英语》的传统项目，目的在于检查学生的阅读理解。《教师用书》第一册附录I举例分析和解释如何进行paraphrase
IV.Practice with Words and Expressions:其中figures of speech是重要项目之一，《教师用书》第一册附录II将figures of speech分类，为每一类提供
了实例。
V.Translation:检查阅读理解的另一种手段
READ, THINK AND COMMENT:选择课文之外的一页左右小短文，让学生阅读，思考，给出自己的评论。目的是提供一个机会使学生运用所学的知识独立地分析一篇课堂没有讲解的短文。
全套教材由富有丰富教学和审校教材经验的新西兰专家Helen Wylie Bartle审校,并得到其他数位外国专家不同的形式的帮助。如推荐选篇，解答难题，提供背景信息等。特别要指出的是Helen Wylie Bartle的审校时非常精细的，她提出很多重要的修改和问题，我根据她的修改和意见修订之后，她还要通篇审阅第二遍，有时又提出一些新的意见。最后交稿之前，她还通看了一遍。可以说，没有Helen的审阅，不可能有高质量的《高级英语》第三版。
Helen对此书的评价是: “I very much like the choice of texts. They are all beautifully written and address important issues for students in today's complex world. The comments in the Detailed Study of the Text clarify all the difficult linguistic
and/or cultural problems. And the questions force students to think deeply about both subject matter and language. The books are fun, and provide variety, depth and opportunity for real and valuable learning.
正如Helen所说，《高级英语》里的选篇都是beautifully written and address important issues for students in today’s complex world.我认为，一本好的阅读教科书的课文必须是精品，甚至是经典，值得一读再度，用心琢磨。学习一篇课文，学生大概需要十几个小时，包括课前预习、课堂学习、做练习等。宝贵时间和精力不能浪费在平庸作品上，这样才能对得住学生以及认真备课的老师们。因此，必须保证选篇从语言和内容上达到高标准。首先，选文的语言要精湛。为此，我们的课文绝大多数是出自名家之手。翻开《高级英语》，进入我们视线的有许多著名作家的大名：H. L. Menken, George Orwell, J.B. Priestley, James Baldwin, Alice Walker, Ursula Le. Guin, Herman Wouk, Arthur Hailey, Margret Laurence, Sackville-West, N. Scott Momaday, Max Shulma以及世界政界名人Winston Churchill, John F. Kennedy, Barrack Obama, Al Gore，等等。这些作者包括诺贝尔奖、美国的普利策奖和国家图书奖、加拿大的总督奖的获得者。选文为什么要出自名作家的笔下？原因很简单，因为质量有保障。这就和为什么人们买东西要看牌子，看厂家，认准老字号一样。其实，课文中也很个别的不是名家之作，但因为文章脍炙人口，深受读者的喜爱，所以破例保留下来，如Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan。第二，在内容上文章有重要内涵，能够开阔我们的视野，提升我们的思想境界，体现人文精神的深度。文章既要与时俱进，有时代性，又要具有经典性，不能是很快就会过时的话题，也就是说，文章的主题能超越时空，经得起时间的考验，超越地域性，具有共性, universal。无论何时写的文章，现在读起来仍然能使读书者看到与现实的关联，产生共鸣。
选文提现了作者的多元性。和第一版第一册比较，原有16课文中到第三版只剩下7篇。第一版的16篇课文除一篇的作者为女作家外，其他都是英美白人男作家。而修订后的第三版第一册15篇课文的作者构成有了相当大的变化，其中有两位女作家，两位非裔美国作家，一位美国印第安作家，更体现了多元文化。选择文章并注意到趣味性。倘若文章的文字规范，题材重要，但写得枯燥，也不是我们所需要的。文章应该能引起读者的兴趣，引人入胜。所以Helen说, “The books are fun and provide variety, depth and opportunity for real and valuable learning.”
第三版第一、二册新增加的课文大都出版时间较新，更能体现时代的特征，涉及当今世界人们普遍关注的重要话题。这里对新增文章做个简略介绍。
●Three Cups of Tea: Chapter 12 Haji Ali’s Lesson by Greg Mortenson and David
O. Relin (2006)，是众多美国大学的必读书。叙述一个普通的美国人在巴基斯坦北部穷困山区建小学的故事。起初，作者的角色是一个监工，指挥当地的村民建校。在建校的过程中角色逐渐发生变化，他从居高临下的giver,变成受教育者，receiver of education，故事深深打动人心。
●“A Perfect Union” by Barack Obama (2008)，奥巴马善于言辞和写作，出版过几
部书，是个很好的作家，竞选前他著的Dreams from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance获极高的评价。诺贝尔文学奖获得者Toni Morrison称奥巴马为"a writer in my high esteem"。此篇演说的意义在于为奥巴马获得竞选成功发挥了至关重要的作用，而奥巴马竞选为美国总统创造了历史，此篇演讲被誉为美国竞选史上最精彩、最成功的演说之一。
●The Way to Rainy Mountain by N. Scott Momaday(1969)的作家是美国印第安
人，文章有许多对自然景色的独特描写和对族人历史的回顾，散文的语言优美，描绘有强烈的画面感，意境耐人寻味，堪称经典散文，被美国著名作家Joyce Carol Oates收录在她主编The Best American Essays of the Century
里。
●Four Laws of Ecology by Barry Commoner (1971)是研究生态学的必读物。在我
国生态的题材是比较新的，在过去出版的英语阅读课本中很少见。一个听起来枯燥的专业性题目被作者写得深入浅出，作者巧妙地用四句日常英语概括了生态学四个复杂的规律：1. Everything is connected with everything else. 2.
Everything must go somewhere. 3. Nature knows best. 4. There is no such thing as a free lunch.文章内容重要,作者运用各种写作手法阐述这些规律，有可读性,并不枯燥无趣。
●The Mansion: A Subprime Parable by Michael Lewis (选自The Best American
Essays 2009)，文章主题涉及热门话题——次贷危机。作者为美国当代作家和金融记者，受过经济学专业教育，但他避开经济学深奥理论，而是通过讲述个人经历的真实故事来探讨造成次贷危机的深层次根源，写作手法新颖，语言活泼生动，情节引人入胜。
●Faustian Economics by Wendell Berry (选自The Best American Essays 2009)
Wendell Berry，文章语言犀利、逻辑严谨、具有极强说服力的论证文，文章选择了一个关乎世界前景的、具有普遍意义的、有争议的、值得辩论的话题，尖锐地批评美国为代表的无度发展、无度浪费的经济为浮士德式经济，提倡
节约自然资源，选择有节制的、可持续性的经济模式和生活方式。话题重要，关系到生活在地球上的每一个人。
总之，《高级英语》第三版是个对阅读能力有挑战性的课本。编者竭力预想使用者可能有的问题，用心编写了详尽的教师用书，包括补充背景资料，课文难点详解，写作风格与文章结构分析，练习答案，等等。两本教师用书的厚度超过了学生用书。
《高级英语》第三版就是这样的书。不知道我的博文是否激起了读者学习此书的欲望与兴趣，还是把他们赶走了、吓跑了？
U n i t2M a r r a k e c h 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned construction site. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals. 3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name, and nobody notices that they are dead. 4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.
Lesson One 1. And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2. Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5. ....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6. There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8. English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. Translation
高级英语第三版第一册课后英译汉答案 Unit1Paraphrase: 1.We’re23feet above sea level. 2.The house has been here since1915,andno hurricane has ever caused any damag e to it. 3.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4.Water got into the generator and put it out.It stopped producing electricity,so the lights also went out. 5.Everybody goes out through the back door and runs to the cars! 6.The electrical systems in the car(the battery for the starter)had been put out by w ater. 7.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee i nland. 8.Oh God,please help us to get through this storm safely 9.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew di mmer and finally stopped. 10.Janis displayed the fear caused by the hurricanerather late. 1.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。（check out） Each and every airplane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 2.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。（waste incineration plant,concerned about） The residents were firmly against the construction of a waste incineration plant in th eir neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the air pollution emitt ed by the plant. 3.在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿。（mount to） In this area,investment in ecological projects mounted up to billions of yuan. 4.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。（strewn with） The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes. 5.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。（perish）Although war caused great losses to this country,its local cultural traditi ons did not perish. 6.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的、具有民族特色的建筑都被拆毁了。（demolish） To make space for modern high rises,a lot of ancient buildings with ethnic cultural fe atures had to be demolished. 7.在地震中多数质量差的房子的主体结构都散架了。（disintegrate） The main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated in the earthqua ke. 8.他为实现自己的目标付出了最大的努力，但最后美好的梦想还是化为了泡影。
第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille Translation (C-E) 1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。 2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。 3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan. 在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿元。 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。 6. To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的，具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。 7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the
Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ) 一、词汇短语 1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的 2. persecution n. the state of treating someone cruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of their religious or political beliefs 迫害 3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible to settle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get an advantage 僵局，僵持 4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入 5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used in the past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma on parchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭 6. obligation n. the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责， 债务 7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easily influenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的， 执着的
Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：
Lesson 1 Question: 1. Why did John Koshak decide to stay although he knew the hurricane would be bad? For the following reasons: For one thing, the house was 23 feet above sea level; for another,he was unwilling to abandon his home. 2. How did the man prepare for the hurricane? Why was a generator necessary? They filled bathtubs and pails. Besides, they checked out batteries for portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. A generator was necessary because John's father wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator. 3. What made it impossible for the Koshak to escape? It was impossible for the Koshers to escape both by car and on foot. The car's electrical system had been killed by water. Meanwhile, the water became too deep for them to escape on foot. 4. Why did John Koshak feel a crushing guilt? Because he blamed himself for underestimating the power of the hurricane and then endangering the whole family by his wrong decision not to flee safer inland. 5. Why did Grandma Koshak ask children to be sing? A: Because she knew how frightened the children were and wanted to boost their spirit. 6. What was a hurricane party? What happened to the party gores? A hurricane party was the one that was held by several vacationers to enjoy the spectacle of the hurricane with a clear and broad view in the fancy Richelieu Apartments from where they believed they would be safe. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart by the hurricane and 26 people perished. 7. What did Grandma Koshak mean when she said," We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lost nothing important?" She meant that human lives are more important than material possessions. 8. How did the community of Gulfport act after Hurricane Camille was over? They managed to make their lives return to normal and began rebuilding their community without any delay. Paraphrase: 1. We're elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915 and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. We can prepare ourselves for the hurricane and manage to survive it without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator, and it didn't work. As a result, the lights were put out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out though the back door and get into the cars. 6. The electrical system had been killed by water. The electrical system in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. When John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he b
LesｓｏｎOnｅ 1.And it iｓan actｉviｔｙｏnlｙｏf hｕmａns. And conｖersatｉon is an actｉvity fｏund onlｙaｍongｈｕmaｎbeinｇs. 2.Cｏnverｓａtｉｏn is not for maｋiｎg a point. Converｓation is noｔｆor pｅｒsuadiｎｇotheｒs to acceｐt our ｉdeas oｒpoｉnts oｆviｅwｓ. 3.Ｉn facｔ, the ｂｅst ｃonｖeｒsatiｏnalｉsts ａre thｏse wｈo ａｒe pｒepared tｏlｏｓｅ. Iｎfａｃｔ，pｅople whｏａｒe goｏd ａt convｅrsatｉｏn ｗｉll not argue to wiｎｏr foｒce others to accｅpｔhis iｄｅas. 4.Bａr frienｄs are nｏｔdｅeply iｎvolvｅd ｉｎｅach otｈer’s ｌives. Ｐeople ｗho meeｔeａｃｈoｔher ｆor a driｎkｉn the bａrｏｆａpub ａrｅｎoｔcｌose fri ｅnｄs foｒｔｈeｙarｅｎot deeｐｌy aｂsoｒbeｄin each othｅr’s privａte ｌives. 5.....it couｌｄstilｌgo ｉｇｎｏｒａntlｙoｎ... Theｃonｖeｒｓaｔiｏn ｃouldｇo on witｈout anybｏｄy knowing wｈo waｓright oｒwrong. 6.Tｈeｒe are cａttlｅinｔｈe fieｌds ，bｕｔwｅsｉtｄown tｏｂeｅf． Theｓe anｉmalｓａｒe calｌｅd cａttlｅwｈen ｔhｅy are alive and feed in the fieｌdｓ,but ｗhen ｗe sｉｔdoｗn ａtｔｈe table ｔｏｅaｔ,we calｌｔheir mｅet beef. 7.The ｎew ruling cｌａssｈａｄｂuilｔa ｃulｔuｒaｌbａrｒiｅｒａgainｓt him byｂuｉ lding ｔheiｒFreｎcｈagainsｔhiｓown langｕage. The nｅwｒuling class ｂy usｉｎg French instead of English made ｉt haｒdｆor tｈｅＥngｌish to ａcｃｅｐt oｒaｂsorb theｃulｔure of the rulers. 8.Eｎgｌish ｈad comｅroyalｌｙiｎｔo ｉts own. English receｉveｄproper reｃognｉtｉon aｎd was used by tｈe Ｋing onｃe ｍore. 9.The phｒａsｅｈas aｌwaｙｓbｅeｎｕｓｅd a ｌittle ｐeｊoratiｖelyａnd even fａcetioｕsly ｂｙthe loｗeｒclasｓｅs. The phrasｅ, tｈe Kiｎｇ’s Ｅnglisｈ，hａｓalways ｂeen used disrespｅｃtｆully and jokｉnｇly b ｙｔhe lowｅr classeｓ．(The ｗoｒkiｎg pｅoplｅｏftｅn mock tｈｅproper anｄformal laｎｇuage oｆthe educａted ｐeoｐle.) 10.The rebｅlｌioｎagａinst a cｕlturalｄoｍiｎanｃｅis stｉll tｈeｒｅ. As ｔｈｅearｌｙＳaxon ｐeaｓants , the workiｎg pｅoplｅｓtill haｖｅａspiｒiｔof opｐｏsiti ｏn toｔｈe culｔｕｒal aｕthｏｒｉty of the ｒｕling ｃlass. 11.Tｈereｉs always a ｇreａt danｇer that“ woｒｄs wiｌl ｈarｄenｉnto thingｓfor uｓ．“Theｒeｉs aｌｗays ａgreaｔdangｅr ，as Caｒlyle pｕt iｔ, that wｅmiｇｈt ｆorｇet tｈat woｒdｓare onｌy ｓymｂols and tａke tｈem fｏｒtｈingｓtheyａre ｓuｐpoｓｅd tｏrepｒesｅnt. a.Hoｗｅver ｉntricate tｈｅｗａｙｓin whicｈanｉmalｓｃommunicａte witｈeaｃｈｏｔｈer, they do not ｉｎdulge ｉnａnything thaｔdeservesｔｈe namｅoｆcoｎversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂,它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 b.Argｕmｅｎt ｍａy oｆten be a part oｆit, bｕt tｈe purｐose of the aｒguｍeｎt is ｎot to convince. Therｅis ｎo winning in coｎveｒｓａtion. 争论会经常出现于交谈中,但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 c.Perhａps ｉt iｓbｅcauｓe ofｍy uｐbrｉnｇiｎg ｉｎEngｌish puｂs tｈaｔI think ｂar conversａｔｉｏn ｈaｓ a ｃharm ｏf its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。
高英课内考点：第一课：Paraphrase 1、we’re elevated 23 feet. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2、The place has been here since 1915,and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house was built in 1915,and since then no hurricane has done any damage to it. 3、We can batten down and ride it out. We can make the necessary preparation and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4、The generator was doused,and the lights went out. Water got into the generator,it stopped working.As a result all lights were put out. 5、Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everyone go out through the back door and get into the cars! 6、The electrical systems had been killed by water.
The electrical systems in the cars had been destroyed by water. 7、John watched the water lap at the steps,and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps,he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the family by making the wrong decision not to flee inland. 8、Get us through this mess,will You? Oh,God,please help us to get through this dangerous situation. 9、She carried on alone for a few bars;then her voice trailed away. She sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10、Janis had just one delayed reaction. Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm,but she revealed her feelings caused by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly. 英译汉： 1、But,like thousands of others in the coastal communities,John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family----his wife,Janis,and their seven children,aged 3 to 11---was clearly endangered.
Unit1 1. However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk. 我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。 5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .” 下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。 6. Words are not themselves a reality ,but only representations of it ,and the King’s English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality. 词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。
高级英语第1册修辞练习第3版 Point the rhetorical devices used in the following sentences Lesson 1 1.We can batten down and ride it out. (Metaphor ) 2.Wind and rain now whipped the house. ( Metaphor ) 3.Stay away from the windows. (Elliptical sentence ) 4.--- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. ( Simile) 5.At 8:30, power failed. (Metaphor ) 6.Everybody out the back door to the cars. (Elliptical sentence ) 7.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ( Simile ) 8…the electrical systems had been killed by water.( metaphor ) 9.Everybody on the stairs. ( elliptical sentence) 10.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. ( simile ) 11. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet though the air. ( personification ) 12…it seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ( personification ) 13.Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.( simile ) 14.Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. ( Transferred epithet ) 15. Up the stairs --- into our bedroom. ( Elliptical sentence ) 16.The world seemed to be breaking apart. ( Simile ) 17. Water inched its way up the steps as first floor outside walls collapsed. (Metaphor ) 18.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees.. (Metaphor ) 19…and blown-down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the road.( simile ) 20…household and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (metaphor ) 21.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropped more than 28 inches of rain into West.( metaphor ) Lesson2 1 Hiroshima—the”Liveliest”City in Japan.—irovy 2 That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster’s uniform shouted,as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station.—alliteration 3 And secondly.because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.—metaphor 4 Was I not at the scene of crime?—rhetorical question 5 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.—synecdoche,metonymy