个人收集整理-ZQ
英语中定语和状语地区别
定语：用来说明名词（代词）地品质与特征地词、短语或句子.
1.Do you have a useful book?
2.Few people understood him.
3.In 1900 there were about 100000tigers in Asia.
4.Theworld situation is very favourable to us.
5.The excitingnews encouraged him.
6.A number ofpeople want to buy cars.
7.There are two thingsto be discussed today.
8.He is a manof a good temper.
9.He is a manwhom everybody respects
14.It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
15.Is this bridge strong enoughto support heavy lorries?
16.He returned home to find his wife waiting for him.
17My train starts at five, arriving at Guangzhou at nine
18.She arrived early in order to get a good seat.
19.I came here so early to get a good seat
20.Can you walk along a little?
21.I can’t eat thatmuch
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定语: 什么是定语 修饰成分和被修饰成分之间大多数情况下没有逗号分隔，可以前置修饰，也可以后置与被修饰成分，大多数情况下修饰句子之中的某一个成分（名词），尤其是主语和宾语。 1. 形容词： 前置定语：单个形容词 The han dsome boy 后置修饰：形容词短语 The country differe nt from China is America. Chi na is a country differe nt from America. Chi na is a country differe nt from America. Chi na is a country differe nt from America. 2. 非谓语：前置：单个分词 Developed country Develop ing country Swimmi ng pool 非谓语后置：分词短语 The water to drink The man attacked by the dog The boy play ing basketball 3. 定语从句：只能后置 The man who is play ing football is eati ng an apple. 状语修饰：修饰动词（修饰句子中的某一个成分，也可以修饰整个句子） 修饰成分和被修饰成分之间大多数情况下有逗号分隔，可以前置修饰，也可以后置，也可以 放在中间，大多数情况下修饰整个句子 1. 副词（修饰主句子里的某一个成分：动词） He is laughi ng happily. 2. 非谓语：有逗号分隔，不修饰主句之中的某一个成分 Playing football, he is eating an apple.（表示伴随） Attacked by the dog, the man cries.（表示原因） He, play ing football, is eat ing an apple. He is eat ing an apple, play ing football. 3. 状语从句可以有逗号分隔，也可以没有逗号分隔，不修饰主句之中的某一个成分 The man cried because he was attacked by the dog. Because he was attacked by the dog, the man cried 特别再谈一次非谓语作状语 同是一个主干成分The man cried.” 让attacked by the dog ”来修饰，即可以作为定语来修饰，也可以作为状语来修饰。 1. attacked by the dog"作状语修饰，翻译成："被狗咬了，那个人哭了。” Attacked by the dog, the man cries.（表示原因） The man, attacked by the dog, cried.
when 和 where 引导定语从句的用法 定语从句既是英语语法的一个重点，同时又是一个难点。说它是难点，主要难在两点上：一点是如何正确判断什么样的汉语句子要译为英语的带定语从句的复合句；另一点是定语从句的引导词较多(包括关系代词who, that, which, as 和关系副词when, where, why)，而且其用法也较复杂。那么到底什么情况下用when和where来引导定语从句呢？它们又该怎么用呢？下面就举例说明： 一、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如： The days when we used foreign oil are gone. 我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。 I'll never forget the day when I was born. (=I'll never forget my birthday.) 我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。 It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold. 这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。 In the years that (which) followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. 在这之后的几年中，马克思继续学习和使用英语。(that作定语从句"that followed"的主语) The day (that) I always remember in all my life is my birthday. 我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句"that I always remember in all my life"的宾语，that可以省略)
where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别是什么？ 最简单的办法是看where是否有指代先行词 应到定语从句还是状语从句的区别主要可以从以下三点来看： 一、where引导定语从句时, where是关系副词, 在从句中作地点状语, 其前面有表示地点的先行词, where引导的从句修饰先行词。例如: The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. This is the house where I lived two years ago. We will start at the point where we left off. 二、where引导状语从句时, where是从属连词, where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词, where前面没有表示地点的先行词。例如: Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet. Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. I found my books where I had left them. 有时, where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引导的定语从句则不能。例如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 〔谚语〕有志者事竟成。 Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。 三、在有些情况下, where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。例如: A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert. （＝A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert. ）在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼。 Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. （＝Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. ）温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。
高中英语语法通霸1.句子结构成分分析 主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线?（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同） 考点1. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich） 在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn.
1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。
一、从句是如何出题的？ 1. 时态 2. 考连接词 3. 考语言顺序 二、学好从句的两个基本条件 1. 时态 2. 从句的三个必须:①必须是句子；②必须有连接词；③必须是陈述句 三、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句重点 1.如何判断何种从句 2. 从句的时态 3. 从句的连接词与扩展 4. 经典单选、从句与选词、长句子分析 四、如何判断三种从句 1. 状语从句无先行词 2. 宾语(表语)从句无先行词有动词或词组 3. 定语从句先行词多为名词或代词 一、When引导的定语从句与时间状语从句的区分 1. when的译法不同。在时间状语中，when 翻译成“当……的时候” I want to be a teacher when I grow up. 当我长大的时候，我要做一名老师。在定语从句中，when不翻译。I won't forget the day when he says he loves me. 我不会忘记他说爱我的那一天。 2. 在时间状语中，when从句前面或后面是句子；定语从句中，when 从句不能位于句首，且通常when前为表示时间的名词day、year等。 3. when在从句的作用不同。在时间状语从句中，when是连词，只起连接主句和从句的作用，不做从句的任何成分。不过when引导的时间状语从句修饰主句的谓语，做主句的时间状语。 在定语从句中，when是关系副词，在从句中代替先行词做从句的时间状语，修饰从句的谓语。 例1 I will always remember the days when I lived with my
grandparents in the country. 例2 I always remember the days in the country when I see the photo of my grandparents. 点评：例1意为“我会永远记得跟我祖父母一起住在乡下的那些日子”，其中when 引导的是一个定语从句, 修饰the days, when在从句中作时间状语。例2意为“当我看到祖父母的照片时，总是会想起在乡下的那些日子”，其中when 引导的从句并不修饰前面的名词the country，因此可判定为时间状语从句。 例1中的when可用in which替代，即从句可改为...in which I lived with my grandparents in the country. 例2中从句前有名词，但根据句意可 知并不是从句所修饰的对象，也不能用“介词+ which”来替代。 二、判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： 1. This is the mountain village where I visited last year. 2. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. 3. This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year.
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析 众所周知，定语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，老师、同学们都对此予以重点关注。由此造成了这样一种现象：做题时，一遇到从句就往定语从句上想，尤其容易把一些形式上与定语从句相似的句型（主要是同位语从句、强调句、地点和时间状语从句）也当作定语从句来理解，结果产生错误。因此，从某个方面来说，解答定语从句题的关键是弄清它和易混淆句型之间的区别。 一、定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，形式上非常相似，尤其是由that引导时，最难区分。实际上，两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同，与先行词的关系不同。 1. 句法功能不同 定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修饰、描述或限制其前面的名词、代词（称为先行词）或整个句子；同位语从句则相当于一个名词，是先行词所述内容的展开，即说明先行词的具体内容。 定语从句的引导词that在从句中一定充当句子成分；而同位语从句中的引导词that（被称为连接代词）在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分。 定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词则一般不能省略，也不能被代替。 例1The news （that / which）we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我们从他的闲谈中听到的那个消息是真实的。 例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下学期将教我们英语这个消息是真实的。 点评：例1的中that从句是定语从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，用来限定the news，that在从句中作宾语，可省略。例2中的that从句是同位语从句，其作用相当于一个名词，本身就是the news的内容，that不能省略。 2. 与先行词关系不同 定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是名词或代词，当that省略时，定语从句本身是一个不完整的句子。而同位语从句通常与一些本身有具体内容可展开的名词连用，对这些名词进行补充说明或解释。常见的此类名词有：answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，possibility，problem，promise，question，reason，story，suggestion，thought，truth等。同位语从句本身是一个完整的句子，常用that连接而不是用which 引导，that本身不充当句子成分，表示疑问意义的名词（如doubt，question等）后也可用whether，who，what等疑问词引导。 例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告诉我的事实非常重要。 例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她还不知道考试成绩这个事实是显而易见的。
1多项定语的一般语序是：①领属性定语，时间、处所定语；②表指称数量的短语； ③动词或动词性短语；④形容词或形容词性短搜索语；⑤名词或名词性短语。另外应当注意，带“的”的定语应放在不带“的”的定语之前。如：花园里（领属性的）那（指示代词）几朵（数量词）盛开的（动词）美丽的（形容词）红色（形容词）玫瑰花（名词）被人摘走了。如果违反多项定语语序的一般规律，就会造成定语语充不当的错误。病例1 1956年，北京故宫博物院展出了2900前新出土的文物。（句中表领属性的定语“新出土”应放在表时间短语“2900年前”的前面）。病例2 大厅里陈列着各式各样的、不同时期的任长霞同志生前用的衣物、书籍与批阅过的文件，赌物思人，悲从中来，大家早已热泪盈眶。（“衣物、书籍与批阅过的文件”之前的多重定语语序失当。领属性定语“任长霞同志生前用的”，应放在最前面，接着是时间定语“不同时期的”，最后是“各式各样的”，否则“各式各样”、“不同时期”有修饰“任长霞”之嫌，容
易造成歧义。） 2、多项状语语序不当多项状语的一般语序是：①表目的、原因或条件的介宾短语；②表时间、处所的词或短语；③表范围程度的短语；④表情感的词或短语。另外，表对象的介宾短语一般紧挨在中心语前。即：为了什么（目的）→何时（表时间的名词）→何地（表处所的介宾短语）→范围（表范围程度的副词）→怎样（表情态的形容词）→同谁（表对象的介宾短语）。如：许多教师今天早上（时间）在会议室里（表处所）都（表范围）热情地（表情态）同他（表对象）交谈。如果违反多项状语语序的一般规律，就会造成状语语序不当的错误。病例3 居里夫人艰辛地在简陋的工作室里经过漫
1、When 和While 的区别 when,while 都有“当……时候”的意思. when 既可表示某一点时间,也可以表示某一段时间. （一）在when 引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生. 例如： 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时,我正在看书. （二）、while 只能表示某一段时间,不能表示某一点时间.在while 引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在. 例如： 1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时,林涛来看他. Remark: 由when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while 引导，如： a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 2、倒装知识点 完全倒装 表示地点的副词here, there 置于句首, 且主语是名词(不是代词) 时 表示时间、方向的副词或介词短语置于句首, 且主语是名词(不是代词) 时 作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such 置于句首时 部分倒装 “ only+状语” 置于句首, 主句需要部分倒装 具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含否定词的介词短语置于句首作状语时“so 或neither + 助动词/情态动词/be 动词+主语”表示“……也/也不” so/such...that...句型 以had/were/should 开头省略if 的虚拟条件句
如何区分状语从句和定语从句 以下句子中的when a bomb exploded near the Stock Exchange作何种成分？纵观国内出版的语法书，一般都认为是时间状语从句，它跟last night一样，都是时间状语。但感觉又不像，请问您怎么看？ Ten people were killed and several were injured last night when a bomb exploded near the Stock Exchange. 昨天晚上一颗炸弹在股票交易所附近爆炸，造成十人死亡，数人受伤。 【问题】when a bomb exploded near the Stock Exchange. 到底是时间状语从句，还是定语从句？ 【答】以下是我的详细分析，并给出理由。 last night与when a bomb exploded near the Stock Exchange 到底存在着什么关系？ 它们之间可能存在的3种关系： 1. 并列关系（如果是并列关系，那么when 就是状语从句，跟last night 共同修饰谓语动词） 2. 同位关系（如果是同位关系，那么when 就是名词性从句，不是状语从句） 3. 修饰关系（如果是修饰关系，那么when 就是定语从句，修饰限定last night） 下面我从这3种关系入手，进行深度分析，最后判断它们是不是先行词和定语从句的关系。 1. 并列关系? 如果是并列关系，那么，last night 和when 之间应该有或者可以加上and, or 等连词连接，以“A and B”或“A or B” 的结构出现，例如： He stayed at home yesterday and today. 他昨天和今天都呆在家里。 It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天或明天去没有多大关系。
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同） 考点1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich） 在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。 如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点2.谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： A.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. B.复合谓语： ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. Has he come back? He did n’t attend the meeting yesterday. ②由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和 表语一起作谓语。如： We are student s. Your idea sounds great. 考点3.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点4.宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 考点5.宾语补足语 宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 1.His father named him Dongming.
精品文档 where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别是什么？ 最简单的办法是看where是否有指代先行词 应到定语从句还是状语从句的区别主要可以从以下三点来看： 一、where引导定语从句时, where是关系副词, 在从句中作地点状语, 其前面有表示地点的先行词, where引导的从句修饰先行词。例如: The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. This is the house where I lived two years ago. We will start at the point where we left off. 二、where引导状语从句时, where是从属连词, where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词, where前面没有表示地点的先行词。例如: Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet. Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. I found my books where I had left them. 有时, where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引导的定语从句则不能。例如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 〔谚语〕有志者事竟成。 Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。 三、在有些情况下, where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。例如: A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert. （＝A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert. ）在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼。 Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. （＝Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. ）温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。 精品文档
when 的用法 一、when 用作副词。 1. 用作疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句。(什么时候，何时 [at what time ])例如： ①When will you come to see me? ②When are they going to visit the Great Wall? 2. 用作连接副词，通常用来引导名词性从句[主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句]及起名词作用的“when ＋动词不定式”结构。(什么时候，何时 [at which; on which ])例如： ①When he comes is not known. [主语从句] ②The morning is when I am busiest. [表语从句] ④I don't know when the plane takes off. [宾语从句] ⑤I don't know when to leave for London. [宾语] 3. 用作关系副词，引导限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。(在…的时候 [at/on/in/during which])例如： ①Do you still remember the days when we stayed in America? ②The day will come soon when the Chinese astronauts will go to the moon. ③It happened ten years ago, when I was a child. ④We will go to the countryside at the beginning of June, when the summer harvest will start. 二 . when 用作连词。 1. 用作从属连词，意为“当……的时候[at the time when ]”，引导时间状语从句。例如： ①They learned a lot from the peasants when they stayed in the village. ②It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 【点津】如果 when 引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，且从句中的谓语动词是“be ＋分词”或从句主语是 it ，则 be 动词及其主语常可省略。例如： ③When（ he was ）asked why he was late, he made no answer. ④I'll tell him about it when（ it is ）possible. 2. 用作从属连词，意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。[immediately after]例如： ①We will stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom. 老师一进教室我们就起立。 ②Fire the rockets when I give the signal. 3. 用作从属连词，意为“还没 / 刚刚/刚一……就”，引导时间状语从句。[immediately after]例如： ①I had hardly opened the door when he came in. 我刚一开门，他就进来了。 ②I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard someone call my name. 【点津】hardly…when和no sooner…than的结构要注意三点：意思为“一A就B“；A句通常用完成时态；hardly 和 no sooner 位于句首时要注意部分倒装。 4. 用作从属连词，意为“倘若，如果”，表示条件。例如： ①Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. 如果机器发生故障，就把电源关上。 ②He will be likely to recover when he is operated on. 5. 用作从属连词，意为“既然，尽管”，表示让步。例如： ①Why use metal when you can use plastic?既然能用塑料,为什么用金属? ②They kept trying when they knew it was hopeless. 尽管他们知道那件事没有希望，可是他们还在不断地努力。6. 用作并列连词，意为“在那时，届时;就在这时”，表示时间。这时主句中可以用过去进行时，过去完成时或“ was/were about to do sth. ”结构。 ①Last night I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. ②I was cooking in the kitchen when someone knocked at the door. ③He had just finished the book when supper was served. 7. 用作并列连词，意为“虽然、然而、可是”，表示转折。例如： ①He usually walks to work when he might take a bus. 虽然他可 以坐公共汽车上班，但他却常常步行上班。 ②I had only twenty dollars when I needed thirty to buy the dictionary.我需要 30 美元买那本字典，可是我只有20美元。 8. 用作并列连词，意为“而、却”，表示对比。例如： How can he say that everything is fine when it's obvious that it is not? 他怎能说一切都好呢？情况显然不是那样。 三 . when 用作代词[which time]。 when 作为代词常常位于介词之后，意为“那时，什么时候”。例如： ①Since when have you been studying Japanese? 【点津】since when 作引导词时是“介词（since）+关系代词（when）”的结构，when意为which time。since when常引导非限制性定语从句，从句应用完成时态。 ②I came here in 1949, since when I have been engaged in this work. 我1949年到这里，从那时起我就担任这项工作。 ③We came back on Tuesday, since when we have been working in the repair shop. ④We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad. 四、when 还可用作名词，前面常常用定冠词 the。 the when 表示事 件发生的时间,常常与 the where, the how 并列使用。 He told the police the when and the how of the accident. 他告 诉警察事故发生的时间及发生的原委。 ［巩固练习］ 1. I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 2. Why do you want a new job _____ you've got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 3. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ______ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when 4. We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. where D. when 5. The reporter said that the UFO ______ east to west when he saw it. A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel 6. ______ got into the room _________ the telephone rang. A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when 7. ---- Can I join your club, Dad? ---- You can when you _______ a bit older. A. get B. will got C. are getting D. will have got 8. I shall never forget those days ________ I lived in the countryside with the farmers, ________ had a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 9. The film brought the hours back to me ______ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 10. He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.