从句小结
从句总述：
从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这4种从
句又通称名词性从句。
1. 主语从句(Subject Clause ):用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
2. 表语从句(Predicative Clause ):用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。
3. 宾语从句(Object Clause )：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句?宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句?
4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clause ):在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。
它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。
状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。
宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。
一：时态和语序
1 ?主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2 ?主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
3 ?主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。
语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。二：连接词
①从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that , if, whether . that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句而if和whether引导表示是否”的宾语从句.
例句：
He told that he would go to the college the n ext year 他告诉我他下一年上大学.
I don ' t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
②连接代词
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ‘whomever ,whosever whatever , whichever 等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever 除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.
例句：
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗？
③连接副词
连接畐词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever ,wherever ,however 等.
例句：
He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
三：动词的宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger . 我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所
有票都卖光了.
make sure 确保make up one 's mind 下决心keep in mind 牢记例句：
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
四：可运用形式宾语it 代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider ,make,believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it 做形式宾语而将that 宾语从句后置.
例句：
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要
的.
I feel it a pity that I haven ' t been to the get -together . 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see
to. 例句：
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
五：介词的宾语从句
用wh- 类的介词宾语从句
例句：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班, 其他一无所知.
六：形容词的宾语从句一般来说形容词不能带宾语，更不能带宾语从句。但以下形容词除外：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
例句：
I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你. 七：if,whether 在
宾语从句中的区别
①if 和whether 在作“是否”解时, 引导宾语从句常放在动词
know,ask,care,wonder ,find out 等之后, 介词后一般不用if
②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt 后的宾语从句常用whether .
③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether .
如：I can 't decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
⑤避免歧异时, 我们常用whether 而不用if. 八：哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
①当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that 可以省略,第二个that
不可以省略;
②当宾语从句有it 做其先行词时; 九：宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider ,espect,fancy,guess 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时, 从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
例句：
I don 't think he will come to my party. 而不能说成I think he won ' t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don ' t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim 所杀的, 是不是?
★如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词, 其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. 例句：
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是? 十：宾语从句的时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时的时候, 宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时的时候，从句只能用和过去相关的时态。
例句：
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
★如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化例句：
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
★宾语从句的插入语形式例句：
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
同位语从句( Appositive Clause )：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that 。
一、如：
I heard the news that our team had won ．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here ．我不知道你在这里。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news ，idea ，fact ，promise ，question ，doubt ，thought ，hope ，message ，suggestion ，words (消息)，possibility 等，可展开来的抽象名词。如：
I ' ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won ' t be able to see you this afternoon ．我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that ，whether ，连接副词how,when,where 等。根据句意决定该用哪一个。
l have no idea When he will be back ．我不知道他什么时候回来。
定语从句( Attributive Clause )：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般皆放在被它所修饰的名(代)词之后，这种名(代)词就叫作先行词 ( Antecedent )。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中用作状语。
①引导定语从句的关联词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why 和which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which.
例句：
The dog that/which was lost has been found. （失踪的狗已经找到了。）
Those who are in favor of the proposal are expected to discuss it in detail after the meeting. （有人认为那些对这个提案有兴趣的人最好是在会后再具体讨论它。）
There are many organizations whose purpose is to help the homeless. （存在着许多旨在帮助无家可归者的组织。）
② 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时, 或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时, 从句的引导词只能用that.
The only thing that matters to the children is how soon they can have their holiday. （孩子们唯一关心的是他们什么时候放假。）
These are the very points that puzzle me. （真正困扰我的是这些观点。）
Is there anything that bothers you? （有什么事烦着你吗？）
This is the best film that was ever produced by the company. （这部是那个公司有史以来拍摄得最好的电影。）
③as可做引导词引导定语从句,多和such, the same 连用.或者用在“从句比主句先发生”的情况，有“像……一样”之意。As引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子，既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头.
例句：
Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. （你描述的那一类人现在很少了。）
The boy was run over by a motor-car , as often happened in pre-liberation
Shanghai. （那个男孩被一辆摩托轧过去了，这种事在解放前的上海是不少见的。）As is often the case, the girl forgot to bring her dictionary. （正如往常一样，
这个女孩又忘了带上字典。）
④介词+which/whom/whose 从句
The driver is the man from whose room she had stolen the gold watch. （她
就是从那个司机的房间偷了金表的。）
Language is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each
other .（语言就是人们用来和其他人交流的一种工具。）例题：
Water dissolves a part of nearly everything ______ it comes in contact.
a. where
b. that c with which d as soon as
⑤代/名+介词+which 从句
He is needing a book, the name of which I don't know. （他需要一本书，但是
我不知道书名。）
In factories and in our daily life, there are many waste materials, all of which can he turned into useful things under certain condition. （在工厂里，在我们的日
常生活中都有很多垃圾，其实这些垃圾在某种情况下是可以转变为有用的东西的。）
同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：
The news that l have passed the exam is true ．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）
The news that he told me just now is true ．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的
消息。）
2、引导同位语从句的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that 是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that 在从句中不充当任何成份。）The idea that he gave surprises many people ．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
（that 在从句中作gave 的宾语。）
状语从句( Adverbial Clause )：用作状语的从句叫作状语从句。其关联词是一些从属连词。
修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词引导, 按其意义和作用可分为时间地点, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较.等
分类
1. 时间状语从句:
1) 常见连词有after ,as,before,once,since,till, (not )until ，when,whenever (no
matter when ) ,while , as long as …
2) no sooner …than, hardly(scarcely, barely) …when: 刚做…就…
No sooner had I opened the door than the telephone rang.
3) 还有immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc
I'll tell you about it the moment you come.
I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter .
2. 地点状语从句: 一般用where or wherever 引导
I will stand where I can see the parade clearly.
Wherever they went, they were warmly welcome.
3. 条件状语从句:真实条件从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc
I will not go to her party if she doesn 't invite me.
I will not go to her party unless she invites me.
4. 原因状语从句: 从属连词有because, as ,since, for , now, that, in that, seeing
that, considering that( 鉴于,由于)
As the school regulations are written quite clearly, there is nothing more to be explained.
Considering that the sweater was hard made, it was not expensive.
Seeing that they are inexperienced, they are doing quite a good job.
5. 让步状语从句:
1) : even if, though, even though, while( 尽管) no matter what/how/which,
however , whatever , whichever , however etc.
He will not give up smoking even though the doctor advises him to.
Whatever the consequence may be, I will be on your side.
However hard she tried to explain, nobody trusted her .
It has been the same result, whichever way you do it.
2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首.
Simple as the question may seem, it is not at all common in nature.
Cold as it is, the children play outdoors.
Much as I respect him, I can 't agree with him.
Object as you may, I will go on with my plan.
3) whether …or,不管…或…
whether you be a student or a teacher , you are required to obey the regulations of the school.
6. 结果状语从句：so that, so …that, such …that
He is so humorous that we 'll never forget him.
She is such a nice girl that everybody likes to make friends with her .
7. 目的状语从句： so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case
I checked all the results time and again for fear that there should be any mistakes.
Telephone us in advance in order that we might make the necessary arragements.
8. 方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as …so…,as if, as though 引导。
1) as, (just) as …so引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just)
as …so??结构中位于句首，这时as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2) as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相
反，有时也
用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛??…似的","好像??…似的"，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 (与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。 )
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。 (与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。 )
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。 (实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。 )
说明：as if / as though 也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger .
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。
9. 比较状语从句：
1) as …as, not so/as …as
the film was not so exciting as we expected. 这部电影没有我们期待的一样精彩The history of nursing is as old as the history of man.
She likes them almost as much as Paul does.
2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than
She looks much younger than she is.
The universe is a lot more complicated than you think.
3) no more … than, not more … than, less … than
Jack is not more frightened than Mike is. 不像马克那么害怕
Tom is no more rich than Black
3) the more … the m ore
The farther north you go, the severer the winter is.
The more I see of him, the less I like him.
同位语从句讲解与练习 1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句，用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。 2.连接词：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。引导同位语从句时一般都不省略。if一般不引导同位语从句that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否” E.g. They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句，在句中作成分。 E.g. The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 3.可跟同位语从句的名词或短语 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有： belief doubt explanation hope idea news opinion possibility statement thought wish truth fact question promise problem reply report suggestion advice fear warning understanding feeling rumor certainty probability on condition on the understanding with the exception in spite of the fact E.g. Daniel will be allowed to make a trip to China on condition that he gets an A in all his school subjects. 4同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1）that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 句法功能上 that引导的同位语从句that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that引导的定语从句that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 同位语从句是被修饰名词的内容。定语从句起限定作用，是定语。 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2）wh-类词引导的两种从句的区别 who, whom, whose, when, where, why 引导定语从句，它们分别指前面先行词所表示的人、物、时间、地点、原因，否则为同位语从句。在同位语从句中，wh-类词表示疑问。
最新中考英语易错题型：宾语从句和定语从句 【2019 ? 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it? —OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy 【参考答案】 【试题解析】句意：——西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的，用where 引导。故选A。 丢分探因 此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序； 二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中A项和C项都是陈述语序，根据句意可知此处问的是他在哪里买的衣服，故选where作引导词。 查漏补缺 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这 些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t kn ow why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。
从句小结 从句总述： 从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。 由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，故而这4种从句又通称名词性从句。 1.主语从句（Subject Clause）：用作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。 2.表语从句（Predicative Clause）：用作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大都一样。 3.宾语从句（Object Clause）：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句. 4. 同位语从句（Appositive Clause）：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。其关联词多为that。 状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、方位状语从句和时间状语从句等。 宾语从句 学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：时态、语序、连接词。 一：时态和语序 1·主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2·主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3·主句用过去时，从句是真理时，只用一般现在时。 语序：宾语从句只能用陈述句语序，坚决不能用疑问句语序。 二：连接词 ①从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that，if，whether. that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 例句： He told that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他下一年上大学. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. ②连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 例句： Do you know who has won Red Alert game 你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗 ③连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. 例句： He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
教案7.21 定语从句详细讲解 一、定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句？（附习题）| 虫虫讲英语 2018-12-02 14:52 「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号——有时候，语法换一种方式讲，就听懂了。 如何区分定语从句、宾语从句和状语从句，是学生最常问我的问题之一。今天，我们通过青铜、白银、黄金、王者四级难度的例句，一起研究下怎样一眼辨别英语3大从句。 01 概念 3大从句的区别均在于前面两个字：定语、宾语和状语： 知道了这几个概念，这三种从句就很好理解了： >> 定语从句：作定语的从句，做adj.修饰先行词；
在这里，dog “狗子” 是先行词，即“走在定语从句前面的名词”；定语从句 that shits a lot 其中的 that，指 代了前面的 dog，告诉我们这是一条怎样的狗子：拉很多的狗子。 >> 宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面； 第一句，宾语从句为普通的陈述句，放在 think 这个动作后面，由连接词 that 引导。 第二句，宾语从句已经改成陈述句语序，原来人讲的话则是一般疑问句Do you let it go “你丫放不放手” ？该从句放在 depend on 的介词 on 后面，一般疑问句由 whether/ if 引导。 >> 状语从句：作状语的从句，给主句增加信息量。 状语从句，是3大从句中比较好记的一种：有个完整的主句，从句是提供更多信息的，比如上述例句告诉我们他为什么养狗。只要熟悉九大状语从句的引导词（← 戳可查看），几乎一眼就能辨别出状语从句。 02 当堂练习 现在，我们一起看几个句子找找感觉。请判断下列句子是定语从句，宾语从句还是状语从句？ >> 青铜 1. If it is fine tomorrow, I will visit you. 2. I helped an old man who lost his way.
定语从句 定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如 I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. 我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。 ↓ ↘引导词↓ 先行词从句 (定语从句) This is the most interesting book that he has ever read. 这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。 ↓ ↘引导词↓ 先行词从句 (定语从句) · 考点1：先行词是人时引导词的选用 (1). 先行词是人，引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that. 如： Here comes the man who (that)wants to see you. 想见你的那个人来了。 (先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that) (2). 先行词是人，引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that. 如： This is the person whom (who, that)you are looking for. 这正是你要找的人。 (先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that) ） 考点2：先行词是物时引导词的选用 (1).先行词是物时，一般情况下引导词可以用which或that. 如： Mary like music that (which) is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。 (先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that) The film which(that) we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。 (先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that) ` (2).以下情况，引导词只能用that, 不能用which.
同位语从句与定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句与定语从句很相似,但还就是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1、从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能就是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibilit y,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以就是名词、代词、主句的一部分或就是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed、人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性(同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting、我们正在调查的问题不就是她就是否值得信赖的问题(同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad、据说她已经出国了(同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy、我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room、您找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study、她妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助她的学习(定语从句,代词all作先行词?) 2、从性质上区别 定语从句就是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句就是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明与解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如:
宾语从句和定语从句讲解 （一）that 引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的引导连词有that, who, whose, what, which, 副词when, where, how, why, whether, if 可以跟that 从句做宾语的动词有：say, think ,wish, hope, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree. 1、在学习宾语从句的时候要知道宾语从句的构成 I heard that he would come here later on. 主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语 2、要注意在宾语从句中主句与从句的时态要呼应 （a）当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态 例如：I believe（that）you did your best for that. I believe（that）you will do your best for that. (b) 当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态） 例如：I hear he will come here later on . I heard he would come here later on. I can’t tell him that his mother died. (c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。 例如：My teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. That 引导的定语从句和that 引导的宾语从句的区别 定语从句在句中作主句的定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词。我们今天要学习的时由关系代词that来引导的定语从句 一，that在定语从句中既可指代人也可指代物。先行词是人或者物时，可以用that 来引导 如：Have you seen the woman that is wearing red coat
主语从句与宾语从句 一、名词性从句是四位从句的总称：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。这些从句都起到类似于名词的作用。 主从：一个句子充当大句子的主语，就叫主语从句。例如； What I need is money.(主语是What I need作大句的主语) It was not obvious that water is fundamental to the development of life.（It是形式主语，真正的主语是that 从句。） 主语从句的位置有两种，一种是放于句首；一种是用It 作形式主语，从句被放后面。 二、宾语从句：一个小句子充当大句子的宾语。 He asked me how old I was . She took it for granted that I’d be back home an hour ago.（It 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。） 考点一：语序 What I want to do is to go home immediately.陈述语序。 I asked where the famous restaurant was .陈述语序。 名词性从句的语序应该是陈述句语序。 删除疑问语序（be /助动词、情态动词+主语） 考点二：引导词 That（没成分） That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.(that 引导的句子作大句子的主语，that不能丢。) Whether /if （有时互换，主语从句只能用wheather引导，不能用if .可用if 的地方都能用wheather。） Whether the meeting will be put off depends on the weather . 疑问代词：what,who, whom,which,whose 在从句中有成分 What he has is just money.（在从句中有成分作宾语） 疑问副词：where ,when,why,,how在从句中有成分 Why he didn’t attend class is not know yet. That：引导名词性从句时无成分，无词义，有时可以省略。 Whether /if引导名词性从句时无成分，是否。 特殊疑问代词：主，宾，表，定。 疑问副词：状。 考点三：no matter+疑问词（what）VS疑问词（what）+ever Whatever he says must be put down . No matter what he says/Whatever he says,I will not change my mind. 意思相同，但语法不一样。第一句主从，第二句让步状语从句。以ever开头的引导主从或者状语从句，而以no matter 开头的不能引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句，所以选ever 就一定对。 考点四：建议、命令、要求类+宾从 The doctor suggested that an operation (should)be done immediately on the patient. 初中讲过当主句是一般过去时态的宾语从句：主过去，从句也过去。当主句的动词是建议、命令、要求类的动词时，后面的宾从必须是should+动词原形且should可以省略。此时不管。主语是谁，不管主句是什么时态都不能改变动词是原形的要求.once表示建议、命令、要求类的动词suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist,request,ask,command,order后面如果后
定语从句与同位语从句的区分 一、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位语从句相当于名词，属于名词性从句，它是对前面名词内容的具体表述，它们之间的关系是同位关系。试比较： The news that you heard is not true. 你听到的那个消息不是真的。（定语从句） The news that he has died is true. 他已经去世的消息是真的。（同位语从句，说明了news 的具体内容，即he has died） 二、同位语从句常跟在news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后，而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。如： The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。 He didn\\'t give the answer why he was late. 他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。（同位语从句） Then rose a question where we should go. 于是产生了一个问题：我们该到哪里去？（同位语从句） 三、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅把主句与从句连接在一起，是从属连词。如： The fact that just now you talked about interests me. 你们刚才谈论的事情使我感兴趣。（定语从句） The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry. 他考试没及格这个事实使他的父母很生气。（同位语从句） 四、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物，否则引导的就是同位语从句。试比较：
定语从句和宾语从句怎么区分？怎么用？ 最近很多读者在我们英语周报学习交流群内提问有关定语从句和宾语从句的问题，这是目前大家英语学习中的重点、难点，也是考试中常见的考点之一，掌握它们的用法非常重要。下面小编就帮大家梳理、总结一下定语从句和宾语从句的区别及具体用法，希望能对大家的英语学习起到帮助作用，好了，一起来学习吧！ 定语从句 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。下面我们结合例句来看一下由that, which, who和whom引导的定语从句。 1. 关系代词that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语，可以指人，也可以指物。如： A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语，指物) That’s is the best hotel that I know. (作宾语，指物) Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (作主语，指人) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语，指人) 2. 关系代词which引导的定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，只可以指物。如： They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语，指物) The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语，指物) 3. 关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。who和whom只可以指人，分别在从句中作主语或宾语，口语中通常用who代替whom。如： The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (作主语，指人) The person to whom you talked just now is Mr Smith. (作宾语，指人) 【即学即练】用who, whom, which或that完成下列句子。 1. It’s a book ________ introduces how to cook. 2. There are many volunteers ________ are helping the poor children. 3. This is the bike ________ my brother gave me for my birthday. 4. The girl ________ is standing under the tree is my little sister. 5. The woman ________ you met yesterday is my aunt. 6. Bruce, there is someone outside ________ would like to see you. 7. Do you know the boy ________ threw the stone at the window? 8. I am looking for the backpack ________ I bought yesterday. 宾语从句 用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有：连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whose, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。如： I doubt whether he will succeed. I wonder what he’s writing to me about. I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 注意： 1. 宾语从句既可跟在及物动词后面，也可跟在介词后，还可跟在形容词后。如： I don’t know who all the people are. Please find out when the ship sails for New York. He was afraid that the other kids would laugh at him. 2. 当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如： I find it strange what she said at the meeting. We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.
怎么区分定从宾从同位语从句？（从成分方面） 老师说什么。。。做在句子中做成分就是。。。去掉以后句子不完整就是。。。。 满意答案： 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类，即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。引导从句的词称作关联句。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示] 1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well known that water is indispensable to life. 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面,如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省，一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging. 如何判断各类从句呢？答：1．分析句子结构以区分从句的种类。遇到一个复合句，首先要分析其句子结构，看从句在整个句子中起什么作用，那么它就是什么从句。2．分析引导词的句法作用以区别从句的种类。that这个词既可引导同位语从句，又可引导定语从句，这种两种从句从形式和结构上看特别相似，如何区分呢？区分that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句的方法是，看that在从句中是否充当句子成分，若that在从句中不充当任何成分，则为同位语从句；若that在从句中充当主语或宾语，则为定语从句。3．根据被修饰词来判断从句的种类。定语从句常常修饰一些具有实际意义的名词，如：the film；the student；the book；a house等等。而同位语从句常常修饰一些表示抽象概念的名词，如fact、idea、promise、truth等，用来说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。状语从句在句子中常用来修饰谓语动词。4．根据从句前词的词性来判断从句的种类。宾语从句分两种：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句。宾语从句前肯定是动词或介词。定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的，所以其前一定是一个名词或代词。5．根据上下文意义和结构形式上区分从句的种类。如so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句，如何区分呢？主要从以下两点来区分。①根据上下文意义判断。“以便……”表示目的，是目的状语从句，“以致于……”，“结果……”表示结果，是结果状语从句。②从结构形式上来分辨。so that前有逗号，为结勤劳的蜜蜂有糖吃 果状语从句，反之，则为目的状语从句。有时，so that前无逗号，这里要看从句中有无can、could、may、might、will、would、should 等情态动词，如果有，则多是目的状语从句，若没有，则多是结果状语从句。
2018年九年级英语专项练习—定语从句和宾语从句 Name__________ Grade__________第一部分单项选择。（本题共45小题，每题1分，计45分） 从每小题所给的A、 B、 C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 ( )1.— kind of tea would you like —I love tea has a fruity taste. A. Which;what B. What; which C. Whose; that D. What; who ( )2.—Excuse me, how long will it take me to get to the post office —Well, it depends on . A. how you will get there B. when you will get there C. where you will get D. how will you get there ( )3.—Excuse me. Could you please tell me ______ —Sure. Go along this street and turn left. It’s on your right. A. when I can get to the bookstore B. when can I get to the bookstore C. how I can get to the bookstore D. how can I get to the bookstore ( )4.—Why are you so worried —I’ve lost the watch ______ my dad bought me on my birthday. A. what B. who C. whose D. which ( )5. She often parks her car near the house _____she can easily get to. A. where B. who C. which D. what ( )6. Could you please tell ______ A. how can I make the machine work B. how I can make the machine work C. how I can make the machine to work D. how can I make the machine to work ( )7.—What did the manager ask you after the meeting —She asked me__________. A. what I do for the project last week B. if can I finish the work on time C. how did I deal with the problem D. why I was late for the meeting
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibilit y,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性(同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题(同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了(同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习(定语从句,代词all作先行词?) 2. 从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如:
10级A班第六组作业 同位语从句 一.同位语从句的概念 在复合句中用作名词的从句叫同位语从句，其主要用途是对前面的名词做进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容。 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常是： news,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message ,suggestion,word, possibility,order,fear,proof,belief,advise,demand,problem,request,truth,wish等例句: I just got word that he is not coming this evening. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever. There is no doubt that he is guilty. There is great doubt whether he did so or not. 二．同位语从句的先行词 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。
例句： How did the cheats explain the fact that the Emperor didn't feel the new clothes in him 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的 The news that his heath is failing made us sad. 他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。 I have no idea where they are spending their holidays. 我不知道他们在哪里度假。 The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑 There is no doubt that he will come here again.他会再来这里，这是毫无疑问的。He was tortured by the doubt whether he would accept their presents. 他被是否接受他们的礼物这个疑虑所折磨着。 三．同位语从句的引导词 1. 连词that引导同位语从句 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）