基础英语（三）习题
I. GRAMMAR
Directions: There are 80 sentences in this exercise. Beneath each sentence there are four choices. Choose the word or phrase that you think best completes the sentence.
1. Bees___ in groups in a hive, and every bee___ certain work that helps the other members of the group.
A. lived…did
B. live…doing
C. live…does
D. living…doing
2. I hope you___ your stay in V enice next week.
A. enjoy
B. are going to enjoy
C. would enjoy
D. enjoyed
3. The Safe Drinking Water Act requires that municipal tap water___ for more than 80 contaminants.
A. ought to be screened
B. be screened
C. need be screened
D. is to be screened
4. ___ the hustle and bustle of the big city, he saved up for years to buy a cottage in the countryside.
A. Tiring of
B. Because tired of
C. When tiring of
D. Tired of
5. For the first time in her life, she___ a sense of fulfillment.
A. felt
B. has felt
C. to feel
D. has been feeling
6. It is the first time that she___ the moral standards of the community.
A. is going to question
B. has questioned
C. questions
D. questioned
7. It was the second time that he___ as a counselor at a summer camp.
A. worked
B. had worked
C. could have worked
D. must have worked
8. The boy listened with amazement until the instructor insisted he___ it.
A. tried
B. try
C. must try
D. would try
9. Evidence from a recent study suggests that injuries___ most likely to occur at social gatherings right after somebody hollers, ―Hey everybody, watch this!‖
A. should be
B. be
C. are
D. were
10. It is a legal requirement that you___ insurance for your car.
A. have
B. need to have
C. ought to have
D. must have
11. Trying to set a good example for his team members, he was always the first one at practice and the last one___ .
A. leaving
B. having left
C. being left
D. to leave
12. He was said to be the first man___ around the world in a hot air balloon.
A. to travel
B. traveling
C. having traveled
D. traveled
13. Failures are more likely to hit___ .
A. the unready and the unlucky
B. unready and unlucky
C. one unready and unlucky
D. each unready and unlucky
14. Her mother be lieved that it wasn‘t until Boyle obtained an acting scholarship___ she became more willing to take part in social activities.
A. when
B. however
C. then
D. that
15. When he learned that he had no choice but___ , Jack muttered under his breath, ―I hate this stupid road.‖
A. to drive
B. drive
C. driving
D. drives
16.While___ college I worked evenings at a retail store, and on slow nights my co-worker Susan would often sing along the radio.
A. attended
B. attending
C. to attend
D. having attended
17. Tom___ fault with the way his wife cooks.
A. always finds
B. has always found
C. always found
D. is always finding
18. Why___ the milk? Does it smell sour?
A. do you smell
B. are you smelling
C. smells
D. does it smell
19. The rescue team reported that the water___ cold.
A. was feeling
B. had been feeling
C. feels
D. felt
20. The chef___ the pudding to see if it was sweet enough.
A. was tasting
B. is tasting
C. should taste
D. tastes
21. Jim is enjoying his holiday in the Arctic. He___ touristy places and he___ the cold.
A. hated… didn‘t mind
B. hated… was not minding
C. hates… doesn‘t mind
D. hates… isn‘t minding
22. Chuck___ of emigrating, but I think he should stay where he is.
A. thinks
B. was thinking
C. is thinking
D. thought
23. It is five years since we last___ from him.
A. hear
B. have heard
C. didn‘t hear
D. heard
24. We___ you were still on holiday. When did you get back?
A. thought
B. have thought
C. had thought
D. think
25.The fans___ for six hours, and the movie star still hasn‘t turned up.
A. waited
B. have waited
C. have been waiting
D. wait
26. The first tourist who___ will get a surprise.
A. arrives
B. arrived
C. will arrive
D. is going to arrive
27. Look at the mess you‘ve made. Y our grandma___ a heart attack.
A. is going to get
B. will get
C. gets
D. is to get
28. Watch out! The roof___ .
A. is to collapse
B. is going to collapse
C. will collapse
D. collapses
29. No one___ the suspect without the permission of the police.
A. is going to contact
B. is to contact
C. contacts
D. contacted
30. I___ to attend my roommate‘s wedding, but something came up.
A. had wanted
B. have wanted
C. wanted
D. was to want
31. He orders me about as though I___ his wife.
A. am
B. am going to be
C. were
D. have been
32. He looked as if he ___ a decent meal for a month.
A. hasn‘t had
B. didn‘t have
C. hadn‘t had
D. wa s not going to have
33. It is time we___ .
A. left
B. leave
C. should leave
D. ought to leave
34. Last Sunday we___ a barbecue party but it rained.
A. were having
B. had
C. would have
D. were going to have
35. We___ the contract when the detective phoned us.
A. were about to sign
B. were going to sign
C. would sign
D. have signed
36. Charlie is gentle by nature, but___ rude this time.
A. is
B. is being
C. being
D. seeming
37. By the end of next month, they___ the financial report.
A. would have completed
B. will have completed
C. complete
D. will complete
38. They would rather read than___ .
A. to talk
B. talking
C. talk
D. talked
39. My sister prefers___ to___ .
A. talking… reading
B. talk… read
C. talking… read
D. to talk… reading
40. ---Shall I give you a check?
---I‘d r ather you___ cash.
A. pay
B. paid
C. paying
D. to pay
41. Cathy wants to tell Henry, but I‘d rather she___ .
A. didn‘t
B. wouldn‘t
C. won‘t
D. doesn‘t
42. A: Do you want Susan to repair it herself?
B: I‘d prefer her___ the electrician.
A. ring
B. rang
C. to ring
D. will ring
43. The government doesn‘t wish Dr. Smith___ a professorship at a foreign university.
A. will accept
B. to accept
C. accepts
D. accepting
44. I‘m broke. I wish I___ so much money.
A. didn‘t spend
B. hadn‘t spent
C. haven‘t spent
D. don‘t spend
45. Learning difficulty___ in detail in Chapter 4.
A. will be dealt
B. is going to be dealt
C. will be dealt with
D. will deal with
46. The spokesman said that the case___ .
A was been looked into B. was being looked
C. was being looked into
D. had been looked
47. The superintendent ordered that the area___ .
A. evacuated
B. be evacuated
C. being evacuated
D. to be evacuated
48. Bill suggested___ the restaurant but Lucy was against it.
A. to sell
B. selling
C. should sell
D. sell
49. Alex suggested that the farm___ into a golf course but no one liked the idea.
A. should be converted
B. being converted
C. been converted
D. to be converted
50. Alan‘s parents are still wondering who suggested___ in the car race.
A. his taking part
B. for his taking part
C. his take part
D. him to take part
51. The instructor forbade___ mobile phones in the classroom.
A. to use
B. using
C. for students‘ using
D. for students to use
52. The instructor forbade the students___ mobile phones in the classroom.
A. use
B. used
C. to use
D. for use
53. John is determined to get a ticket even if it means___ in a queue all night.
A. standing
B. to stand
C. stand
D. will have to stand
54. When he declined the job offer, he didn‘t mean___ the company.
A. insulting
B. wanting to insult
C. any insult
D. to insult
55. I regret___ that this time I cannot promise you anything.
A. to say
B. saying
C. have to say
D. must say
56. He has always regretted___ the opportunity at college.
A. not to have taken
B. not having taken
C. not to take
D. not take
57. She tried___ the name of the boy, but was too confused to think of anything.
A. to recall
B. recalling
C. recall
D. recalled
58. The tourist tried___ something funny to get rid of the embarrassment.
A. to talk about
B. talked about
C. talking about
D. even talk about
59. Even experts have difficulty___ which depressed patients need protection.
A. to decide
B. decide
C. when to decide
D. deciding
60. Margaret Mead, who sought___ the young and old to each other in a recent lecture, was sympathetic to the young.
A. explaining
B. to explain
C. explanations
D. explained
61. In spite of___ has been said about genetically modified food, most people remain skeptical.
A. all what
B. all that
C. all which
D. all it
62. Since they had no cars, the students could do nothing but___ a lift.
A. to thumb
B. thumb
C. thumbing
D. must thumb
63. I‘m afraid that we have no choice but___ you to leave.
A. to ask
B. ask
C. asking
D. will ask
64. Y ou may eat certain supermarket foods while shopping___ you save the wrapper so the checker can ring up the value of what you‘ve consumed.
A. provided
B. however
C. although
D. as
65. They were fond of snakes and lizards, ____ surprised me.
A. which
B. that
C. this
D. it
66. The students are allowed to take only such books___ really necessary.
A. as are
B. as they are
C. as when
D. as if
67. The theme of discussion was___ we should enter for the competition.
A. if or not
B. whether or not
C. what if or not
D. whether if or not
68. There is every indication___ the number of international teaching assistants at universities will remain constant or even grow in the future.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. as
69. Metals, ___ shaped into coins, jewelry, plates, or bowls, were an important item of trade between East and West.
A. whether
B. which
C. no matter
D. however
70. That necklace of___ looks fabulous.
A. you
B. your
C. yours
D. yourself
71. ___ your warning, we would have crashed the car.
A. But for
B. With
C. Because of
D. Due to
72. Without your encouragement, we___ long time ago.
A. would give up hope
B. wouldn‘t give up hope
C. would have given up hope
D. wouldn‘t have given up hope
73. ___ his parents‘ objections, he would have become an artist.
A. It had not been for
B. Hadn‘t it been for
C. Had it not been for
D. If had not been for
74. Y ou will be able to stay with the team provided that you___ make the same mistake again.
A. won‘t
B. don‘t
C. are not going to
D. didn‘t
75. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, ___ it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist,
A. be
B. were
C. is
D. was
76. Under no circumstances___ to sell the land.
A. will agree
B. they will agree
C. will agree they
D. will they agree
77. ___ that we could hardly see the road signs.
A. So dense the fog was
B. Such dense fog was
C. So dense was the fog
D. So the fog was dense
78. A: These are imitation pearls.
B: ___.
A. So are they.
B. Such they are.
C. So they are.
D. Such are they.
79. Not until after they reached the top of the mountain___ what they had been told.
A. that they believed
B. did they believe
C. when they believed
D. then they believed
80. Next in line___, probably in her late 60s, wearing royal blue slacks and a white blouse.
A. was a blond woman
B. saw a blond woman
C. a blond woman was
D. found a blond woman
II. VOCABULARY
Section A
Directions: There are 80 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices. Choose the word that you think best completes the sentence.
1. After earning a degree in creative writing at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Lois___ a job at the Sentinel Star in Orlando, Fla.
A. applied
B. looked
C. found
D. did
2. They have___ a hands-on approach to helping poor children and have launched similar programs to provide school supplies.
A. taken
B. come
C. gone
D. approved
3. Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don‘t want to take the time to study stocks___ or who___ the resources to build a portfolio.
A. in the det ail… lack
B. in the detail… lack in
C. in detail… lacking
D. in detail… lack
4. As Blair was in Pakistan on the last___ of a south Asian diplomatic tour, India ruled out any immediate talks with Pakistan.
A. portion
B. leg
C. part
D. stage
5. A mid western farm family___ after federal financial support and protection was withdrawn.
A. went bankrupt
B. became bankruptcy
C. came broke
D. approached bankrupt
6. According to a ___ by IKEA, the top five worries keeping people awake at night are fear of aging, personal finance, own weight, career and friends‘ health.
A. summery
B. statistics
C. sample
D. survey
7. ―___ ,‖ Kane told the boy, ―you‘ll be a contender for the Olympic team.‖
A. Some day
B. Someday
C. Some days
D. Somedays
8. Hotel rooms used to be dictated by the seasons, but today hotels are using ―yield management,‖ the same sys tem airlines use to___ full flights.
A. insure
B. ensure
C. sure
D. make sure
9. The people who___ in your life are the ones who care.
A. make a difference
B. make a distinction
C. cause a distinction
D. bring a difference
10. For many working people, their largest___ is their ability to produce an income.
A. access
B. asset
C. accession
D. estate
11. If you moonlight, ___ of saving those additional dollars.
A. make sure
B. make a point
C. careful
D. pay attention
12. Do you know how many glasses of milk it___ to get your daily calcium?
A. requires
B. needs
C. takes
D. uses
13. Levels of pesticides and other toxins in fish___ in commercial ponds tend to be much lower than levels in fish caught recreationally.
A. raised
B. risen
C. grown
D. produced
14. They had been___ with each other for years before they actually met in Pittsburgh.
A. writing
B. corresponding
C. calling
D. visiting
15. Has it ___ to you that he might have thought differently?
A. known
B. happened
C. dawned
D. occurred
16. It suddenly___ on me that I had turned to the wrong person for help.
A. dawned
B. occurred
C. happened
D. known
17. Y ou can help___ your bones by eating foods containing vitamin D, needed for absorption of calcium.
A. remain
B. retain
C. keep
D. maintain
18. The amount of time you spend outdoors___ your skeleton.
A. affects
B. effects
C. impairs
D. weakens
19. During his next race, in the last 100 meters he___ power and was beaten.
A. came out of
B. ran out of
C. became out of
D. went out of
20. Hearing the noise outside, the man went cautiously to the steel-sheathed door, which was___ by the heavy iron outer grille.
A. included
B. reinforced
C. made
D. prevented
21. Chris ran into John at a sporting-goods trade show in New Y ork and the two quickly___ an easy rapport.
A. made up
B. struck up
C. built up
D. turned up
22. In the South such roads are called cow trails because they are___ by farm equipment and vehicles that plod along at bovine speed.
A. seen
B. taken
C. frequented
D. occupied
23. According to people who have been to the park, it is a place with views that will take your breath___ .
A. off
B. away
C. on
D. down
24. He viewed the match in 1998 as a turning___ in his life.
A. place
B. corner
C. position
D. point
25. The breakfast at the school cafeteria usually___ fried eggs, bacon, ham and hash browns.
A. consists of
B. is consisted of
C. makes up
D. including
26. One evening as the manager was leaving the store, Susan and Jane expressed their___ to him about their safety, being two women working alone at night.
27. Group discussions, moderated by the teacher, give young learners important practice in taking___ and stating one‘s views.
A. shifts
B. changes
C. turns
D. parts
28. Jim says that he is willing to ___ tomorrow‘s meeting.
A. preside
B. chair
C. lead
D. take part
29. In all countries it is good manners to behave___ toward others.
A. considerably
B. conscientiously
C. consciously
D. considerately
30. According to research findings, many suicide___ are impulsive.
A. contempts
B. tempts
C. attempts
D. trials
31. Opening remarks constitute a warm-up designed to put you___ and capture the audience‘s attention.
A. in ease
B. at ease
C. for ease
D. with ease
32. These guidelines will prove helpful if you are a high-level executive___ a group of managers.
A. addressing
B. speaking
C. talking
D. discussing
33. The boys discovered that they had much more___ than their mix-race heritage, including a love of basketball, rap music and computers.
A. as the common
B. in common
C. commonly
D. with each other
34. A portal is a site that serves as a starting point, typically allow ing easy___ to other sites.
A. asset
B. access
C. reach
D. way
35. Typing in all capital letters is poor etiquette, Internet etiquette, because it___ shouting.
A. equals to
B. equates
C. is equivalent to
D. is equal
36. When my mother saw the school‘s advertisement in the newspaper, she enrolled my older brother and me for music and literature___ .
A. causes
B. schools
C. courses
D. assignments
37. To my disappointment, it quickly became obvious that I knew___ nothing about their world.
A. next to
B. however
C. quite
D. rather
38. Writing has given her a broader___ on human nature.
A. prospect
B. aspect
C. perspective
D. interpretation
39. Cars are involved in many accidents, and they___ heart disease.
A. contribute to
B. attribute to
C. tribute to
D. result from
40. Most of the workplace accidents resulted from backward infrastructure, loopholes in management and___ work safety awareness.
A. lacking in
B. lack in
C. lack of
D. for lack of
41. The Prime Minister said that he would stay in power despite the___ number of members of parliament quitting his party.
42. The managing director has so far categorically refused to make any___ in the report.
A. alternatives
B. alterations
C. views
D. disagreements
43. After high school, Joanne went to Detroit to take a job in an auto plant, but could not___ the routine and confinement.
A. endure
B. endow
C. endear
D. endorse
44. Make your controlling idea as specific as possible. Y ou can continually___ the controlling idea to keep yourself on the right track.
A. catch up with
B. look up to
C. go in for
D. check back to
45. If you are unsure of your legal rights, you‘d better check___ a lawyer.
A. up
B. out
C. in
D. with
46. For reasons which are not yet known, the warehouse___ last Saturday.
A. got fire
B. caught fire
C. afire
D. became fire
47. Because he did a very poor job and came up with bad results, his boss felt that he hadn‘t___ his responsibilities.
A. lived up to
B. put up with
C. looked forward to
D. gone in for
48. WWF‘s ― Living Planet Report 2002‖ states that humans are currently using over 20 percent more natural___ than can be regenerated.
A. sources
B. environment
C. elements
D. resources
49. The article implies that people have realized the dangers of automobiles, and they are becoming less___ them.
A. attached to
B. detached from
C. inclined to
D. aware of
50. His friend suggested that he should___ advice from the legal department.
A. seek for
B. seek after
C. seek
D. seek out
51. The bad news deprived them___ the hope that there was a safe and socially approved road to success and happiness.
A. from
B. with
C. about
D. of
52. Most of the employees are said to___ the proposed new training system.
A. object
B. oppose
C. disagree
D. opposite
53. No one at the meeting seemed to___ to the closing of the old airport.
A. object
B. oppose
C. opposite
D. opposed
54. Many parents are apparently___ to the religious education in schools.
A. object
B. disagreement
C. opposed
D. objected
55. In 1998, Jenny___ divorce, saying that her husband physically and psychologically abused her.
A. filled in for
B. filed for
C. sued for
D. applied
56. ―Physicians,‖ he said, ― are more interested in writing___ and billing patients than caring for and about them.‖
A. prescriptions
B. descriptions
C. transcriptions
D. subscriptions
57. The couple bought their son an annual___ to the tennis club as a birthday gift.
A. prescription
B. description
C. transcription
D. subscription
58. The graduate students in the English department were told to study the phonetic___ of the conversations.
A. prescriptions
B. descriptions
C. transcriptions
D. subscriptions
59. With a new wife, alimony and child support to pay, he struggled to___ .
A. make ends meet
B. take ends meet
C. manage ends to meet
D. bring ends to meet
60. Barnes___ to involuntary manslaughter, and on May 29, 1981, a judge gave him three years in prison.
A. pleaded guilt
B. admitted guilt
C. pleaded guilty
D. admitted guilty
61. Money, the lifestyle and respect in the community were what___ him.
A. caused
B. drove
C. caught
D. motivated
62. The young man seemed to have few regrets for the damage he had___ on those closest to him.
A. inflicted
B. afflicted
C. conflicted
D. relied
63. The arguments the writer made in chapter III and chapter VIII obviously___ with each other.
A. inflicted
B. afflicted
C. conflicted
D. contradictory
64. It is a disease which mainly___ children below the age of 6.
A. inflicts
B. afflicts
C. conflicts
D. effects
65. I kept her___ till her parents returned home.
A. the company
B. the companion
C. company
D. companion
66. Cathy doesn‘t care what she eats, but she is very___ about what she wears.
A. particular
B. caring
C. careless
D. demanding
67. ___ his right hand left the railing of the bridge, Buttenhoff knew he‘d made a mistake.
A. Instantly
B. The instant
C. At once
D. Whenever
68. He had learned the story of these remarkable women from his mother, and was___ their courage, passion for his life and their inner peace.
A. with bewilderment about
B. for fear of
C. under impression of
D. in awe of
69. Dale said, ― I want my parents to be proud of me. I want them to know that what they did for me was not___ .‖
A. in vain
B. for vain
C. no use
D. worthy
70. On Take Y our Daughter to Work Day, I brought my niece to the office with me so she could experience many___ of being
a social worker.
A. respects
B. ideas
C. reasons
D. aspects
71. It is common that some young mothers decide to postpone their___ and look after their kids at home.
A. preparations
B. aspirations
C. inspirations
D. speculations
72. The government___ great importance to intellectual property protection.
A. attaches
B. puts
C. associates
D. emphasizes
73. The speaker___ the importance of adopting a positive attitude towards life.
A. attached
B. emphasized on
C. stressed
D. pointed
74. More___ the issue of business ethics in the context of economic globalization.
A. emphasis should be placed on
B. stress should be put about
C. attention should be paid on
D. efforts should be made with
75. The investigators___ the possible consequences of the incident.
A. analyzed about
B. studied
C. discussed about
D. pointed
76. A recent study has shown that the___ to child care centers, for working mothers, is the all-purpose grandmother, who watches the children and does much of the cleaning, shopping and cooking.
A. option
B. choice
C. alternative
D. substitute
77. Please contact the supervisor if you have questions___ the accommodation on campus.
A. concerning
B. concerned
C. concerning with
D. concerned about
78. Some people don‘t want to get up simply because they don‘t like the activity that___ them.
A. stimulates
B. awaits
C. irritates
D. pleases
79. This article states that Indians have had a hard time___ their pride because they have had many problems.
A. maintaining
B. remaining
C. detaining
D. attaining
80. Color blindness is a genetically-caused condition in which a person cannot detect all colors, and this___ is more common in men than in women.
A. fault
B. defect
C. shortcoming
D. disease
Section B
Directions: There are 40 sentences in this section. Complete each sentence with the appropriate form of the word provided in the parentheses.
1. Among the 12,000___ , women outnumbered men nine to one, and most had seen a lot more of life than Zaslow, who was 28 and never married. (contest)
2. Beth Tolkoff, the third of four children, grew up in___ Philadelphia. (suburb)
3. When Tom told Jennifer he was applying for her old job, she warned him it was an 18-hour-a-day___ that required a strong, stable personality. (commit)
4. The columnist‘s most___ idea grew out of letter from a woman who challenged his claim that Chicago is home to plenty of eligible men. (innovate)
5. In the 1970s, the U. S. witnessed an increased interest in physical fitness, and one result is the current widespread___ of marathons in many American cities. (popular)
6. As there are thousands of items within hand‘s reach on the shelves, the___ to buy things you don‘t really need or want is very strong. (tempt)
7. Evidently, women often find that as they grow older and have___ complicated lives, some friendships can be mor e of a burden than a support. (increase)
8. Hotel chains___ offer special promotions, so check newspapers to get a better discount. (period)
9. The two trucks collided with each other at the crossroads, but the drivers were___ unhurt. (miracle)
10. If your doctor doesn‘t take your concerns seriously, find another one or contact the foundation for___ . (assist)
11. Embarrassed, the boy finally began to read and soon got wrapped up in the story describing heroism, ___ , loyalty and deceit. (coward)
12. If people have a___ between beef and shrimp, a lot of them will still choose beef. (choose)
13. The purpose of this organization is to protect customers from unethical business practices and to promote the___ of high business and professional standards. (maintain)
14. Is there any one place that is particularly___ for you? (memory)
15. They are trying to introduce the___ hearing aid that clarifies the spoken word. (digit)
16. According to Stuart V yse, superstitions emerge whenever there is___ and anxiety about something that people want. (certain)
17. Who are qualified to perform the delicate___ task of suicide prevention? (psychology)
18. Since it began operation in January 1999, the group has received many letters of___. (grateful)
19. ―___ , not perfection is emphasized,‖ notes the dance program director. (participate)
20. For centuries the Chinese have believed that planting shoots of bamboo assured___. (prosper)
21. She felt hurt, but didn‘t have the emotional resources for a___ . (confront)
22. As she developed her talents as a writer, Katherine began to make an identity for herself that was not dependent on peer___ . (approve)
23. ___ is the fundamental driving thrust that generates behavior. (motivate)
24. According to Professor Sears, Americans have trapped themselves by allowing the economy to become so___ on the automobile industry. (rely)
25. In his___ message the Premier hailed the achievements of the Organization of African Unity and the birth of the African Union. (congratulate)
26. The leader was facing threats not only from his former___, but also his two coalition parents. (loyal)
27. Now we know that problem is solvable, but it wasn‘t easy to find the___. (solve)
28. No longer is war seen as the automatic solution for international___ . (agree)
29. His wife and children are his___ . (depend)
30. Kerosene engines are more___ than gasoline engines because they will increase speed. (desire)
31. Margaret Mead is an anthropologist who won fame describing primitive people to more___ evolved people. (culture)
32. They think the weather in Pennsylvania is___ so they plan to move to Florida. (bear)
33. It is believed that weight training can increase strength, help restore bone___ and diminish knee pain from arthritis. (dense)
34. The crew laid their paddle blades flat on top of the water to___ the boat. (stable)
35. It is___ that you realize the importance of your decision. (essence)
36. My friends think that I should___ the hole some more before putting my money in. (deep)
37. In Russia, the loss of 15 millions men in World War II meant that women had to become the doctors, the engineers, and the___ . (profession)
38. Large organizations usually send a formal letter to an___ , acknowledging receipt of the application. (apply)
39. The oil comes___ in floating patches that stain the coral black and gray. (shore)
40. A severe housing___ , especially in the cities, is also responsible for the declining birth rate. (short)
III. READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: There are 30 passages in this section. Read carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Passage 1
According to the World Health Organization, malaria kills about 3,000 people a day, as many as 70% of whom are children under the age of five. Many groups of researchers are working on vaccines against the disease, but most agree that any vaccine that results will be imperfect. Nobody is expecting to confer full immunity with a vaccine, because the organisms that cause malaria are not viruses or bacteria. (the traditional targets of vaccination) but single-celled animal-like creatures. These are a lot more complex and diverse than traditional vaccine targets. It is therefore hard to prime the immune system against all the strains of them that may cause the disease.
That might not be thought to matter much, on the basis that some protection is better than none. But a paper by Sylvain Gandon, Margaret Mackinnon and their colleagues at the University of Edinburgh, published in this week‘s Nature, shows that this isn‘t necessarily so. Partially effective vaccines may end up doing more harm than good. The researcher‘s mathematical models suggest that such vaccines may provoke the evolution of particularly virulent strains of the pathogen that causes the disease.
To understand why an imperfect vaccine might in crease a disease‘s virulence, consider the matter from the pathogen‘s point of view. The main cost of increased virulence is that it will shorten the lifespan of the host, reducing the chances of disease being transmitted to new hosts. On the other hand, a pathogen benefits from increased virulence because pathogenic organisms that are more virulent are less easily defeated by a host‘s immune system. That means that once a pathogen gets into a new host, it has a better chance of establishing itself.
In nature, the balance between these two forces is what governs the virulence of a given disease. The effect of a vaccine that confers full immunity, from the pathogen‘s point of view, is to reduce the size of its host population, since only unprotected individuals can then be infected. If anything, that will tend to reduce virulence, since the pathogen will have to hang on longer between transmission opportunities, and so will ―want‖ its host to survive. But a vaccine that confers only partial immunity will inc rease host survival anyway, allowing pathogens that are not affected to ―bank‖ this increased survival by becoming more virulent themselves.
This means two things. First, in the long run, the vaccinated will be no better off than they would otherwise have been. Second, the unvaccinated are actually worse off, since the newly virulent strain will spread at the expense of the older, les s virulent ones. That is something that policymakers need to consider carefully if and when they are presented with a vaccine against malaria.
1.What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A.Malaria kills about 3,000 people a day.
B.70% of the victims of malaria are children
C.No vaccine at present is perfect against malaria.
D.A vaccine will increase host survival anyway
2.What does th e word ―virulent‖ mean in the third paragraph?
A. Fatal
B. Poisonous
C. Risky
D. Perilous
3.How does an imperfect vaccine increase a disease‘s virulence?
A.By shortening the lifespan of the host
B.By breaking the balance between the two forces that govern a
disease‘s virulence.
C.By reducing the size of the host population
D.By allowing pathogens that are not affected to become more virulent
themselves.
Passage 2
The writers of murder stories go to a great deal of trouble to keep us guessing right up to the end. In actual fact, people often behave more strangely I real life than they do in stories.
The following advertisement once appeared in a local newspaper. ―An opportunity to earn $250 in a few minutes. A man … willing to take chances wanted for an out-of-the-ordinary job which can be performed only once.‖ A reader found this offer very generous and applied to the advertiser. But a bit suspicious. He gave a false name. Soon afterwards, he received a reply. Enclosed in the envelope was a typed note instructing him to ring a number if he was still interested in the job. He did so and learnt on the telephone that the advertiser wanted him ―to get rid of somebody‖ and would discuss it more fully with him next day. But the man told the police and from then on acted under their instructions. The police saw two men meet and watched them as they drove away together. In the car the advertiser came to the point at once: he told the man he wanted him to shoot his wife. The reason he gave was that he was suffering from an incurable disease and wanted to live in a warmer country, but his wife objected to this. Giving the man some money, the advertiser told him to buy a gun and warned him to be careful of the dog which though would not bite, might attract attention. He also gave him a photograph of his wife so that he would be able to recognize her. After that the advertiser suggested that the man should ―do the job‖ next morning. Meanwhile he would prepare his wife by telling her that a young man was going to call. After the murder, they would meet again outside a railway station and the money would be paid as arranged. The second meeting never took place, for the advertiser was arrested shortly afterwards and charged with attempting to persuade someone to murder his wife.
4.Of the four sentences, which best express the meaning of the opening
sentence?
A.The writers of murder stories meet with a lot of trouble.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d615570399.html,ually the stories show us who is the murder in the middle
C.While reading, we can easily guess who is the real murderer.
D.The murder stories often lead us in a round-about way.
5.When a reader saw the advertisement, ____.
A.he applied for the job under a false name
B.he was eager to get it
C.he was doubtful whether such a generous offer could be true
D.he was sure he was the man the advertiser was looking for
6.When the police received the report, ____.
A.they arrested the advertiser at once
B.they sent a dog to keep watch on him
C.they didn‘t arrest until they got enough evidence
D.they arrested him after his wife was killed
Passage 3
Danny and Sylvia, about the stormy marriage and showbiz collaboration of entertainer Danny Kaye and his wife, songwriter Sylvia Fine Kaye, debuted last fall as a production of American Century Theater. It was reprised last spring. Now the show, written b y Kaye‘s long-ago publicist Bob McElwaine and composer Bob Bain, is about to open in a New Y ork theater festival. It will play from Thursday through Sept. 22. McElwaine, a former advertising man and Hollywood press agent, worked for the volatile Kayes from 1952 to 1958.‖They just devoured my whole life, you know? I tried to leave several times,‖ he recalled recently. At 79, the writer still marvels at Danny Kaye‘s ability to charm an audience with patte r songs (many written by Sylvia) and other inspired sta ge silliness. ―He had the ability to become a child, which was quite remarkable,‖ said McElwaine. ―Danny Kaye was a consummate professional, a perfectionist. I think it was Sylvia who converted him into being a perfectionist.‖
Danny and Sylvia contains three songs that Kaye actually performed--- Minnie the Moocher, Tschaikowsky and Anatole of Paris--- the last the only song by Sylvia Fine Kaye to which McElwaine and American Century Theater could get the rights. The other 25 numbers in the show were written by McElwaine and Bain, 78, pals since high school in Culver City, Calif.. Bain is a big band veteran and former guitarist-arranger on Johnny Carson‘s Tonight Show. Brian Childers, who won a Helen Hayes A ward in May for his portrayal of Kaye, will again pl ay the role in New Y ork. ―I red every book, I watched every movie … to get every little twitch, every little move.‖ Said Childers. (Among Kaye‘s best-known films are The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, Hans Christian Andersen, Knock on Wood and On the Double.) ―Again, it‘s not an impersonation, It‘s a tribute.‖ The actor emphasized. Perry Payne, a Cabaret performer in New Y ork, filled in for Sylvia. Tony winner Thommie Walsh, a frequent collaborator of Payne‘s, will direct. ―She really wanted money and she was very stylish and she was very cool and she smoked like a chimney and she was not necessarily polite,‖ said Payne of Sylvia. Her research was more limited than that of Childers: ―Whereas Brian could look at footage and tapes and scripts… I just had to imagine Sylvia, but I heard I‘m pretty close.‖
Danny Kaye died in 1987 and Sylvia Fine Kaye in 1991. Of the New Y ork debut, McElwaine mused, ―I was always afraid of going to New Y ork with it because it‘s not a sophisticated kind of story. It‘s a love story, an d I worried that the New Y ork critics will go, ?Where‘s all the dirt? Where‘s the gossip? … We‘ll just have to take a chance and see what happens.‖
7.What is true of Danny and Sylvia?
A.They are two imaginary characters in a play.
B.They were both famous singers in the 1950s.
C.They were a couple who cooperated in their professional career.
D.They only performed on the stage.
8.Who are the actor and actress in the play Danny and Sylvia?
A.Bob McElwaine and Bob Bain.
B.Brian Childers and Johnny Carson.
C.Perry Payne and Thommie Walsh.
D.Brian Childers and Perry Payne.
9.Of the two roles, Danny and Sylvia, which is more difficult to play?
A.Danny, because of his stormy character.
B.Sylvia, because the acting of her is based on imagination
C.Danny, because it‘s hard to sing all the songs in the play.
D.Sylvia, because audience have their own interpretation of a ―cool‖
woman.
Passage 4
Early one morning more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing-machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: it seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.
Despite his exhaustion, Howe slept badly. He tossed and turned. Then he had a nightmare. He dreamt that he had been captured by a tribe of terrible savages whose king threatened to kill and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing-machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into a rage and ordered his soldier to kill Howe. They advanced towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the nightmare with a start, realizing that he had just found the solution to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally enabled Howe to design and build the first really practical sewing machine.
Elias Howe was far from being unique in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light bulb, said that his best ideas came to him in dreams. So did the great physicist, Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew on her dreams in writing Jane Eyre. The composer, Igor Stravinsky, once said the only way he could solve his problem in musical composition was to sleep on them.
To appreciate the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious, but still active part digests your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sots of information and details which you have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this pat of the brain can send message to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part expresses itself through its own logic and its own language. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. Thi s is why dreams are sometimes called ―secret message to ourselves‖.
10.According to the passage, Elias Howe was _____.
A.the first person we know of who solved problems in his sleep
B.the only person at the time who appreciated the value of dreams
C.the first person to design a sewing-machine that really worked
D.much more hard-working than other inventors.
11.The problem Howe was trying to solve was____.
A.how to stop the thread from getting caught around the needle
B.how to make thread thin enough to pull through a needle
C.how to design a needle which would not break
D.how to find a place in the machine to put the needle
12.Dreams are sometimes called ―secret messages to ourselves‖ because
_____.
A.only specially trained people can understand them
B.strange images are involved which have no meaning
C.we can never understand the real meaning of our dreams
D.strange images are used to communicate ideas
Passage 5
New Y ork mayor Michael R. Bloomberg said that investors who sank their paychecks into companies with no earnings and no prospects for ever having them were just as culpable for the mess in the markets as those companies that government
officials say defrauded investors.
Almost as soon as the words had left his lips some people who work in the City Council were quick to deride them. Mr. Bloomberg was asked by John Gambling, the host of the radio program, what he thought about the recent accusations that companies like Enron and WorldCom had engaged in fraudulent accounting practices that bilked investors out of millions of dollars.
―It is a disgrace if there was fraud committed,‖ the mayor said. ―People in management have a responsibility to conduct their affairs honorably and legally.‖ But when questioned further about Wall Street meltdown of the last two years, the mayor went on to say: ―People who were buying stocks in the stock market at multiples that never made any sense should look at themselves in the mirror. They‘re as responsible, I think, as those who actually committed the crimes of misstating earnings and fudgin g the numbers.‖ Mr. Bloomberg appeared to be referring both to dot-coms during the Internet boom. ―The mayor was offering the perspective that if the numbers don‘t make sense, either because of market hysteria or possible fraud, then people should use basi c investment principles before buying shares in companies‖ said his spokesman, Edward Skyler. ―Y ou can‘t get something for nothing.‖
Right after the mayor‘s program, the phones began ringing in mad succession around the City Hall press room, with council m embers or council staff members offering to provide views on his comments. ―Our mayor had made some unfortunate remarks that I‘m sure were brought on by the frustration of seeing such a criminal misuse of the stock market,‖ said James Sanders Jr., a counci lman from Queens. ―Just as we no longer say that a woman who dresses in a provocative fashion cried out for rape, nor should we say that anyone who was simply misled by the stock exchange or its members was a willing victim.‖
13.What did the New Y ork mayor say in the radio program about recent
accusations involving companies like Enron and WorldCom?
A.These companies have defrauded investors.
B.Unlike other government officials, he doesn‘t think these companies
have defrauded investors.
C.The investors who sank their paychecks into these companies are to
blame.
D.Both the companies and the investors are to blame for creating a
mess in the market.
14.From the third paragraph, what can you infer about the dot-coms?
A.Their stocks used to rise at multiples in the stock market.
B.They do not conduct their affairs honorably and legally.
C.They are accused of defrauding investors.
D.They have brought about the Wall Street meltdown of the last two
years.
15.According to the mayor, what is the best way for the investors to avoid
economic loss before buying a stock?
A.They should consult the specialists.
B.They should use basic investment principles.
C.They should make a thorough investigation of a company.
D.They should stop buying stocks altogether.
Passage 6
―At Antoine‘s. At seven,‖ the woman‘s voice said at the other end of the phone.
―At Antoine‘s. at seven.‖ I repeated. I always repeat such information on the phone in case I haven‘t heard correctly. Not that I‘m hard of hearing, but it‘s better that way.
―V ery well, then. I‘ll be expecting you.‖ She replied.
―Just a moment. How will I recognize you?‖ I asked. I was trying to imagine what she looked like. Her voice suggested someone in her early 30‘s. There was something smooth but at the same time hard about that voice, something that go es with diamonds and an expensive education.
―Y ou won‘t have to. Just don‘t be late!‖ she said curtly. Then she hung up.
Antoine‘s was one of those new-style French places that specialize in very small portions and very high prices. I left my old Ford in the car-park. There was only one other car there, a white Mercedes. I wondered if it could be hers.
―Y es, sir? Have you got a reservation?‖ the headwaiter asked as soon as I came through the door. I looked around. Even though it was candle-lit, I could see the inside of the place was as empty as the car-park.
―No, but I don‘t think I‘ll need one,‖ I answered.
The waiter smiled. But his eyes didn‘t. He looked at my well-known sports jacket and not very new shoes.‖
―I‘m afraid we‘re fully booked this evening,‖ he said.
― It‘s all right. I think the gentlemen is looking for me.‖
It was the same voice I‘d heard on the phone and it came from a table in the corner.
The waiter‘s manner suddenly changed.
―Y ou should have said she was waiting for you,‖ he said in low voice as he showed me to the table. I looked down. She had red hair and was dressed casually in denims. But they were the sort of denims you can‘t buy in most shops. It was hard to tell how old she was in the candle-light. But it was obvious she was beautiful. V ery beautiful.
―Sit down, Mr. Nelson. What would you like to drink?‖ she said.
―Beer‖
―Excuse me, sir. Did you say … beer?‖ the waiter pronounced the last word as if he didn‘t quite understand it.
―Perhaps you‘d better have a glass of champagne instead,‖ the woman said and nodded to the waiter before I could refuse. She waited for him to leave. Then she took out a photograph of two people at a beach. The woman‘s face was famous, but I had never seen the man with her before. He was middle-aged, tanned and had his arm around her.
― I‘ll get straight down to business if you don‘t mind,‖ she said. She looked around and then laid some neatly-typed notes on the table, too.
― Go ahead. Read them. I thought I‘d better put it all in writing just in case someone is listening.‖
She looked around the empty restaurant again.
―Y ou can never be to careful, even in a place like this,‖ she said.
16.The writer repeated ―At Antoine‘s, at seven,‖ because he _____.
A.had trouble with his hearing
B.wanted to be sure he had understood
C.hadn‘t understood the woman
D.thought she hadn‘t understood him
17.When the writer got to Antoine‘s, at first the waiter _______.
A.wasn‘t going to let him stay
B.said someone was looking for him
C.looked at him as if he were afraid
D.said he didn‘t need a reservati on
18.When the writer sat down, the woman______.
A.said he couldn‘t refuse champagne
B.ordered champagne for him without asking him
C.refused to order champagne for him
D.suggested he have champagne instead of beer
Passage 7
Rachel Nall was feeling overwhelmed. As a new teacher at Public School 175 in Harlem, she was struggling to assert her authority, but nothing seemed to work. ―In my classroom I often have altercations that involve students hitting each other or taking things,‖ she said. ―Originally I would reprim and both or sometimes even automatically blame the one who gets in trouble most often.‖
Finally, Ms. Nall, who graduated from college in 1999, realized the problem was not just with her students‘ behavior; it was also with her approach. She was reacting quickly, often inventing a solution that did not relate to the problem. While many new teachers are left to their own devices, Ms. Nall was able to get help because she is taking part in the New Teacher
Institute, a fledgling program of Teachers College at Columbia University. The program offers a steadier version of the conventional mentoring that experienced teachers provide in many schools as well as a forum for discussing problems with other new teachers. The course meets 15 times during the school year in the local district and gives new teachers ideas about how to deal with nuts and bolts issues like pre paring lesson plans and what to do if they fall behind.
Ms. Nall said that using the strategies she learned through the institute makes her feel more in control of the classroom. ―I let the children say what they themselves have done. I then repeat, saying, ?What I heard you say was that…‘ encouraging them to take responsibility for their actions.‖ While Ms. Nall found practical advice, others like Rosali nda Rubinstein said they were helped by having other teachers dealing with the same issues. Ms. Rubenstein now teaches science at Intermediate school 347 in Bushwick, Brooklyn. ―The institute,‖ she said, ―gives you perspective; you see that other people ar e feeling what you‘re feeling.‖ And because an independent institution, not the city, runs the program, it offers a safe place to vent frustrations. ― Y ou can speak freely here,‖ she said.
The New Teacher Institute has been successful in keeping teachers on the job, albeit on a very small scale. While only 76 percent of new teachers from the 2000-2001 school year returned to assignments in the school system citywide, 14 of 15 returned to assignments from the institute‘s pilot program in Bushwick. In fact, 14 of the 17 teachers from 1999-2000 and 10of the 12 teachers from the 1998-1999 program are still teaching (including one who has risen to assistant principal). For the first three years over all, 86 percent of the teachers hired are still in the city‘s sc hool and 73 percent are still in District 32 in Bushwick.
Those statistics were strong enough, however, to encourage the institute‘s expansion this year to District 5 in Harlem and for Philadelphia and Stamford, Conn., to begin pilot programs with the institute.
19. Why can‘t Ms. Nall assert her authority in the classroom?
A.She was too young.
B.She blamed both the students instead of the troublemaker.
C.Her reaction was too quick.
D.Her solution to the problem wan not to the point.
20. The program of Teachers College at Columbia University is intended to ____.
A.get the mew teachers to listen to experienced teachers
B.give the new teachers some help in their teaching career
C.let the new teachers discuss the problems in a forum
D.give new teachers ideas about how to prepare lessons
21. Which of the following statistics is NOT evidence of the New Teacher Institute‘s success in keeping teachers on the
job?
A.76 percent new teachers from the 2000-2001 school year returned to assignments in the school system
citywide.
B.14 of 15 new teachers returned to assignments from the institute‘s pilot program in Bushwick.
C.For the first three years over all, 86 percent of the teachers hired are still in the city‘s school.
D.14 of the 17 teachers from 1999-2000 and 10 of the 12 teachers from the 1998-1999 program are still
teaching.
Passage 8
Irrespective of what many may school to believe, the marriage between the United States economy and the free enterprise system has not been without problems. From the time of Alexander Hamilton there has been regular resort to governmental intervention into economic matters. Usually both efforts went on simultaneously. In any event, in does not hurt to start by nothing that the great American contribution to social philosophy is ―pragmatism.‖ The pragmatic test was that in addition to everything else an acceptable theory had actually to work. Pragmatism is not the same as opportunism. What they have in common is an emphasis on successful accommodation; where they differ is what pragmatism has a philosophica l, ethical basis.
The economic system of any nation is the mechanism which brings together natural resources, the labor supply, technology, and the necessary entrepreneurial and managerial talents. Anticipating and then meeting human needs through production and distribution of goods and services is the end purpose of every economic system. While the type of economic system used by a
nation is the result of political decision, it is also in even larger part the result of a historical experience, which over time becomes a national culture. America has been blessed by being a land rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, together with a moderate climate. Generally, it has been fortunate in having enough people to provide the labor necessary for a constantly expanding economy. Until 1924 most of these workers were white immigrants (or their immediate descendants) who came to America from Europe. When too many laborers arrived from Europe to be absorbed by the East-coast economy, they could move on to farmland in the interior. It is true that at times the country has experienced periods of acute unemployment as well as labor shortages, but on the whole immigrants came when work was plentiful and the economy grew fast enough to absorb them, providing they were willing to work productively at slightly less than the wage rates paid to acculturated workers.
In assessing the success of an economy one must ask how hard the people are willing to work and how skilled they are. The frontier demanded hard work, and the Protestant religious ethic supported that demand. Further, the strong emphasis placed on education, including technical and vocational education, also contributed to America‘s economic success. Likewise, the willingness to experiment, to change and to invest in technology was significant in a land that had prided itself on being a new experiment in freedom.
However, the existence of an abundant natural resources and a skillful and willing labor force accounts for only part of the story. These resources must be directed as efficiently as possible into the areas where they will be most productive. In the American economy, capital and management perform this function.
22.The Unite States economy has adopted the free enterprise system____.
A.from the very beginning
B.only recently
C.with the intervention of the government
D.without the intervention of the government
23.Americans have accepted ―pragmatism‖ as ______.
A. a key to success
B.a way of dealing with people
C.a means of getting rich
D. a philosophy of life
24.In the United States, most labors necessary for an expanding economy before 1924 were _____.
A. Indians
B. British immigrants
C. Negroes
D. European immigrants
Passage 9
To a philosopher, wisdom is not the same as knowledge. Facts may be known in prodigious numbers without the knower of them loving wisdom. Indeed, the person who possesses encyclopedic information may actually have a genuine contempt for those who love and seek wisdom. The philosopher is not content with a mere knowledge of facts. He desires to integrate and evaluate facts, and to probe beneath the obvious to the deeper orderliness behind the immediately given facts. Insight into the hidden depths of reality, perspective on human life and nature in their entirety, in the words of Plato, to be spectator of time and existence—these are the philosopher‘s objectives. Too great an interest in the minutiae of science, may, and often does, obscure these basic objectives.
Philosophers assume that the love of wisdom is a natural endowment id the human being. Potentially every man is a philosopher because in the depths of his being there is an intense longing to fathom the mysteries of existence. The inner yearning expresses itself in various ways prior to any actual study of philosophy as a technical branch of human cul ture. Consequently every human being in so far as he has ever been or is a lover of wisdom has, to that extent, a philosophy of life.
25.According to the author, which statement concerning philosophers is most nearly accurate?
A.They are an impractical lot.
B.They are too radical.
C.They are a thoughtful group.
D.They have contempt for humanity.
26.The author indicates that a philosopher is a person who ____.
A. disregards facts
B. loves wisdoms
C. desires technical knowledge
D. collects all types of data
27.The author suggests that a man becomes a philosopher when he ____.
A. studies philosophy as a subject
B. collects all the facts
C. realizes obvious truths
D. seeks a meaning for life
Passage 10
Life insurance isn‘t fun to buy. It forces you to think about your death, a subject many prefer not to confront. Indeed, many people choose not to think about the topic. But for these people there‘s a single, overriding reason to buy l ife insurance: to provide an income for your dependents should you die.
Don‘t depend solely on an agent to figure life-insurance needs. Rule-of-thumb estimates such as five or eight times your income are guesses; they may produce too little or too much insurance. Carry too little insurance and you may not provide a reasonable standard of living for your family after your death; carry too much and you may not enjoy a reasonable standards of living while you‘re alive.
Most people who have life insurance don‘t have enough. The median amount of coverage for all adults with life insurance was only $25,000 in 1998. That‘s obviously not enough to sustain a family with young children for very long. Nationwide insurance found that the married men in its 1998 survey carried an average of about $131,880 in life insurance; they needed about $110,706 more. Married women carried about $53,516 worth insurance but needed some $108,507 more.
How do you determine the amount of life insurance you would need to maintain your fam ily‘s current life-style if the breadwinner died? First, figure what your family‘s expenses would be if you died tomorrow. Then analyze your assets and the sources of income that you can use to cover the expenses. Finally, subtract the assets from the needs. The results is the amount of additional insurance that you‘ll need to buy.
28.Why is life insurance not fun to buy?
A.Because many people prefer not to confront the subject.
B.Because it reminds you that you may die one day.
C.Because there is a single, overriding reason.
D.Because it forces you to think.
29.If you carry too much or too little insurance, ____.
A.either you or your family might suffer
B.you may not provide a reasonable standard of living while you
are alive
C.you may not enjoy a reasonable standard of living while you are
alive.
D.you will know in the end that they are just wild guesses
30.How do you determine the amount of life insurance you would need?
A.By analyzing your assets and sources of income.
B.By estimating your family‘s expenses.
C.By taking away the assets from the expenses.
D.All of the above.
Passage 11
For an actor whose screen roles included Pontius Pilate, Napoleon, Al Capone, Benito Mussolini and W.C. Fields, Rod Steiger will be best remembered for his portrayals of ordinary men: a small-town Southern sheriff, a Harlem pawnbroker, a brother-loving Mob lieutenant and a sad butcher whose love is never returned.
The Oscar winner died in Los Angeles Tuesday at 77 of pneumonia and kidney failure, after he‘d survived a major surgery and eight years of depression during an up-down movie career that lasted just over 50 years. His performances were often on the broad side; one 60‘s reviewer laughed at ―that clenched-teeth Steiger mistakes for overpowering emotion.‖
But actors should be judged by their best work, and Steiger brought almost as much as Marlon Brando did to their famed brotherly ― I coulda been a contender‖ taxi scene in 1954‘s On the Waterfront, part of which Steiger had to film alone after
Teaching plan Grade :3 Week: 5
PEP小学英语三年级下册单元测试题 学校姓名班级评分 Writing Part 一、按字母表顺序，写出大小写字母，从Ee—Nn. E e N n 二、把相应的大小写字母连起来。 三、看图，将相对应的单词和图片连线. kite ice-cream egg girl kangaroo man 四、根据栏中的问句，在栏中选出正确答语。 ( )1. How many crayons do you have? A. Nice to meet you. ( )2. Who's that girl? B. OK!
( )3. How many birds can you see? C. I can see eleven. ( )4. This is my new friend, Amy. D. I have ten. ( )5. Let's fly the kite! E. She's my sister. 五、看图，根据图意选出正确的句子,将其字母编号填在( )内。 ( ) （）（）（） ( ) A. - Who's that man? - He's my father. B. I have thirteen books. C. J J J, jump, jump, jump. D. Let's fly the kite. E. - How many rulers do you have? - Fifteen. 六、用阿拉伯数字完成下列算式。 1. three + nine = 2. + ten = sixteen 3. twenty - = eighteen 4. four + thirteen = 七、补充写出下列大、小写字母的左邻右舍。 Model: A B C a b c 1. J 2. P
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
英语基础语法知识（一） 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词类（parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner外国人 soap 肥皂Newton牛顿 law 法律freedom自由peace和平 英语名词可分为两大类： < 1。普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher教师 market市场rice大米 magazine杂志sound声音production生产 2。专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway海明威 Russia 俄罗斯 New York 纽约 United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s或-es。例如： shop→shops商店 bus→buses 公共汽车 library→libraries图书馆
toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如： a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个，既the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如： · the TV programs那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 （三）代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括： 1。人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等； 2。物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等； 3。反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等； 4。相互代词，如：each other, one another等； 5。指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等；
作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的
2014-2015学年度第一学期期末质量检测 小学三年级英语试题 时间：40分钟等级：______ 一、听录音，按听到的顺序给下列图片排序。每小题听两遍。（10分) 二、听录音，根据所听内容选择与人物相对应的信息，并将其标号写到人物下面的括号内。每题读两遍。（10分）
1（）2（）3（） 4 （）5（） 07:00 A B. C.
D. E. 三、听句子，判断所听句子与图画意思是否相符，打“√”或“×”。每小题听两遍。（10分） （）（）（）（）（）
（）（）（）（）（）四、听录音，选出你所听到的句子，将序号填入题前括号内。每小题听两遍。（10分） （）1.A.This is sarah. B.I am sarah. （）2.A.Touch your nose. B.Touch your face. （）3.A.I see red. B.Colour it red. （）4.A.Good morning. B.Good afternoon. （）5.A.Touch your hand. B.Touch your head. （）6.A.Close your eyes. B.Open your eyes. （）7.A.Shake your body. B.Stamp your foot. （）8.A.Act like a bird. B.Act like a bear. （）9.A.Have some cake. B.Drink some Coke. （）10.A.Show me 746. B.Show me 346. 五.听录音，选出你所听到句子的答语，将正确答案的序号填入题前括号内。每小题听两遍。（10分） （）1.A.Nice to meet you. B.Nice to meet you,too. （）2.A.Good afternoon. B.Good morning. （）3.A.How are you？ B.Very well,thanks. （）4.A.Great！ B.Thank you. （）5.A.This is a duck. B.It’s a duck.
Unit1 1.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly 2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生 3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者） 4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡 5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌 6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人） 7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去 8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息 9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格 https://www.doczj.com/doc/d615570399.html,posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静；镇静；沉着 11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other 12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险 13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入 14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明 15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋 16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定 17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底 18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college. 19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority. 20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon. 21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee. Unit2 1.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚 2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品 3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗 4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a course of action冒险尝试 5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘 6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相
姓名：得分： 英语测试卷 一、读出下列词语的英语。（每人任选一组）（ 24 分） 1．铅笔书包头胳膊黑色的猴子鸟牛奶 2．尺子书眼睛白色的猫松鼠果汁飞机 3．橡皮手指身体橙色的狗大象面包小汽车 二、认一认，连一连。根据图片认一认单词，将左边的单词与右边的图连起来。（20 分） 1.pencil-case pen crayon eraser sharpener 2.head ear nose arm hand 三、按书写格式，把下列大写字母的小写形式，小写字母的大写形式写在下面的四线格内。（ 21 分） G H E I Y P FAMILY ELBOW TWO GIRL r d q j m x sing body juice door 第1页共3页
四、找答语。（15 分） ( )1.How are you? ( )2.How many pencils? ( )3.What ’yours name? ( )4.How old are you? ( )5. Nice to meet you A. Nice to meet you ， too B. I ’ m nine. C. Two., D.My name is Chen Jie. E.I ’ m fine.Thanks. 五、 选一选。给图片选出正确的单词，将单词前的序号写在图片下的括号内。 （ 20 分） A 、 juice B 、 milk C 、coffee 1、 2、 ( ) A 、 bread B 、 hot dog 3、 C 、hamburger （ ） A 、head B 、ear C 、eye 5、 ( ) A 、eight B 、seven C 、six A 、 pen B 、 pencil C 、 pencil-case （ ） A 、 dog B 、 pig C 、 cat 4、 （ ） A 、 hand B 、 head C 、 finger 6、 ( ) A 、 bird B 、 rabbit C 、 squirrel 7、 8、 ( ) ( ) A 、doll 10、 4 B 、boat A 、 four C 、ball B 、 five 9、 C 、 face ( ) ( )
基础综合英语课文翻译 导语：《基础综合英语》综合听说读写四个方面。每单元前半 部分涉及听说技能，而后半部分突出读写技能。这四种技能都围绕同一主题展开，相互补充，协同提高。下面是由的关于基础综合英语课文第一单元部分课文的翻译。欢迎阅读！ 对F的赞美 今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义 的文凭。这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。 最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我 教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学历毕业证书。他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。 在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。在每学期 开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！我希望有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，即使我阅读不好，也不会写作。很多诸如此类的抱怨。
我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前，我将孩子们 的学力能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其它妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。 我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的 注意。我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关，直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。 当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。他坐在 后排和他的朋友说话。她告诉我。你为什么不把他换到前排来？我恳求道，我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。史蒂夫特夫人从眼镜上方冷冷地看着我。我不会换高年级学生的座位。她说，我会给他们不及格的成绩。我大感紧张。我们儿子的学习生涯在我的眼前闪现。之前，没有老师以此威胁过他。我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。到家时，我对此感觉良好。目前这是一种激进的做法，但是，嗯，为什么不这么做呢？她要给你不及格。我告诉我的儿我没有再多说什么。突然英语就在他的生活中成了头等大事。他期末得了一个A。 我知道一个例子不能说明问题，但我在夜校中看见了一群愤怒、怨恨的学生，他们愤恨的原因是学校让他们一路混，直到他们甚至都无法再假装跟得上。这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学
一、把下面字母用手写体按英语字母顺序写在四线格上。(10分) HhBbKkAa MmPpIi QqTtGg 二、选出与下列词语相应的单词（10分） （）1.小的 A 、monkey B、 small C、panda （）2.足球 A 、foot B、 football C、ball （）3.牛奶 A、rice B、noodles C、milk （）4.老虎 A、lion B、tiger C、elephant （）5.自行车 A、bike B、door C、doll 三、单项选择题。(共 20 分) ( )1.———— -----Thank you! A.How are you . B. Here you are. C.Go. ( ) 2.__________ —It’s the ABC song. A. What’s your favouriteletter ? B. What’s yourfavourite song? C. Hi , the ABC song! ( ) 3. I _____ like football . A. not B. don’t C. doesn’t ( ) 4. _______ your dad like milk? A. Do B. Does C.What ( ) 5.It is _____ elephant . A. a B. an C. \ ( ) 6. What are they ? They____ monkeys. A.am B. is C. Are ( ) 7. _______ Li lei play table tennis ? Yes ,he does. A. Do B. Does C. does ( ) 8. Does he ______ to school on Mondays? ——Yes , he does. A. go B. goes C. going ( ) 9.The cat _____ fish . A. likes B. like C. is ( ) 10.What ______ they? They____ pandas. A. is is B .are are C. is are 四、连线。(共 10 分) 1.Does Amy play football? A. Yes, she is. 2.Do you like skipping ? B. Here you are. 3.What are they ? C. Yes, she does. 4.Pass me the rice, please ?. D. No. I don’t. 5.IsLingling at home? E. They are lions. 五、火眼金睛。找出每组单词中不同类的一个。将其序号填在提前括号中。(共10 分) ( ) 1. A. rice B. bike C. fish ( ) 2. A. tiger B. monkey C. blue ( ) 3. A. orange B. football C.table tennis ( ) 4. A. tall B. lion C. thin ( ) 5. A. meat B.noodles C. basketball 六、选词填空。（共 10 分） A: goes B: like C: swimming D: is E: are 1.This girl____ thin. 2.Does the cat_____ meat? 3.I like______. 4.How ___ you? 5.My mum ______ shopping on Saturday.
基础综合英语课后习题翻译邱东林版 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
Unit 1 1.Our youngest,a word-class charmer,did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by Unti l . 我们的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷,学习不怎么动脑筋,但是总是能蒙混过关,直到成为他的老师,这种局面才得以改变. 2.No one seems to stop to think that ----no matter what environment they come from---most kids don’t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake. 似乎没有人停下来想想看,无论还在来自何种环境,他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了危机关头,才不会把功课当成头等大事呢。 3.Of average intelligence or above ,they eventually quit school,concluding they were too dumb to finish 这些学生智力水平至少也算中等,但是最终都退学,他们总结说自己太笨,学不下去了. 4.Young people generally don’t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it 年轻人往往不够成熟,不会像我的成年学生那样重视教育 5.It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that student have the ability to learn the material presented to them. 这表明老师和家长都对学生有信心,相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习资料. 6.This means no more doing Scott’s assignments for him because he might fail . No more passing Jodi because she’s such a nice kid. 这意味着再也不要因为担心斯科特会不及格而替他做作业,再也不要因为朱迪是个乖孩子而放她过关. Unit 2 1.I had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian cafe , under dazzling stars , like the one in a Van Gogh knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment .Instead , my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was Windexing the bathroom mirror. 我一直有这样的梦想,星光灿烂的晚上,在一家巴黎咖啡馆就像梵高所画的“一夜的咖啡馆”我的工作室墙上就有一幅此画的翻本，然而我男朋友却在我用的“稳得新”擦洗卫生间镜子的时候叫我嫁给他。
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词
小学英语语法入门（一） 接数字要大写首字母的单词 有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母，并且数字的首字母也要大写，这样的单词有lesson、grade、class、team、row、number等。如Lesson One第一课，Class Two, Grade Three三年级二班，Team Four第四组，Number Five第五号。但是它们不接数字时不大写首字母。 Be动词的一般用法 be动词包括am、is、are,其用法如下： 1. am只用于I的后面，如：I am a girl. I am ten. 2. is只用于she/he/it或其他单数第三人称后面，如： It is a big apple. A girl is in a bus.(a girl 一个女孩，单独一个人是单数第三人称) Mike is in Team Three.(Mike一个人名是单数第三人称) An apple is in a box.(an apple一个苹果，一个东西是单数第三人称) A book is in a desk.(a book 一本书，也是单数第三人称) 3. are只用于you、we、they或复数人称后面。如： You are Number Thirteen. They are in Grade Nine. We are at home. Mike and a girl are in a bus. (Mike and a girl Mike和一个女孩两个人是复数人称) Six boys are in Team Six.（Six boys六个男孩，多于两个人也是复数人称） A book and a box are on a desk.（A book and a box一本书和一个盒子，两个物是复数人称） Three pencils are in the pencil-box.（Three pencils三支铅笔，多于两个物也是复数人称） 如何变一般疑问句（一） 1. 提前原句中的be动词is、are，Be动词首字母要大写，原句首字母恢复小写，照抄剩余部分，然后加问号。 e.g. 1. Tom is in Grade One. Is Tom in Grade One? Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. 2. This is an egg. Is this an egg? Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.(an egg是物，所以用it来回答) 3. That is Rose. Is that Rose? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.（Rose是女孩，所以用she回答）
课后文章翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师 警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考 试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半 文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学 习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’ s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit 2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她 求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之 间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑 不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳 达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意 识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱 情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的 祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty.The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post , Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda ’ s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’ t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree